Human Strength Data Tables 10/24/06

Push:
Pushing forward in pounds on a round knob (59mm) at various heights using 1 preferred hand. Free posture is unrestricted. Standard posture
has one foot 30 cm in front of the other and elbow at 90 degrees of flexion.
Handle Height Posture Sex Mean SD
Shoulder Height Free Male 68 12
Female 45 16
Both 56 18
Standard Male 30 6
Female 24 3
Both 27 6
Elbow Height Free Male 79 21
Female 50 21
Both 64 25
Standard Male 33 6
Female 24 4
Both 28 6
1.7 m Free Male 67 11
Female 41 17
Both 54 19
1.3 m Free Male 76 18
Female 49 23
Both 63 25
0.7 m Free Male 88 30
Female 42 13
Both 65 33

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Human Strength Data Tables 10/24/06

Pull:
Pulling backward in pounds on a round knob (59mm) at various heights using 1 preferred hand. Free posture is unrestricted. Standard posture
has one foot 30 cm in front of the other and elbow at 90 degrees of flexion.
Handle Height Posture Sex Mean SD
Shoulder Height Free Male 67 15
Female 45 13
Both 56 17
Standard Male 33 6
Female 27 6
Both 30 6
Elbow Height Free Male 90 13
Female 53 24
Both 74 25
Standard Male 38 7
Female 29 6
Both 33 8
1.7 m Free Male 59 14
Female 44 13
Both 51 15
1.3 m Free Male 78 12
Female 50 18
Both 64 21
0.7 m Free Male 122 18
Female 65 21
Both 94 34

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Human Strength Data Tables 10/24/06

Angled Push Strength:

Push forces in pounds on a cylindrical handle using one hand at different adduction/abduction and flexion angles. Feet 30 cm apart.
Standing
Angle A % of Reach Angle B Mean
30 100 0 28
60 35
50 0 20
60 25
0 100 0 30
30 34
60 38
90 39
50 30 25
60 32
-30 100 0 27
60 33
50 0 27
60 34
Sitting (back and feet supported)
Angle A % of Reach Angle B Mean
0 100 0 43
45 44
90 37
75 15 38
50 15 33

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Human Strength Data Tables 10/24/06

Angled Pull Strength:

Pull forces in pounds on a cylindrical handle using one hand at different adduction/abduction and flexion angles. Feet 30 cm apart.
Standing
Angle A % of Reach Angle B Mean
30 100 0 23
60 33
50 0 19
60 28
0 100 0 25
30 29
60 33
90 35
50 30 25
60 33
-30 100 0 29
60 39
50 0 25
60 36
Sitting (back and feet supported)
Angle A % of Reach Angle B Mean
0 100 0 32
45 33
90 34
75 15 32
50 15 32

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Human Strength Data Tables 10/24/06

Angled Lifting:
Lifting strength in pounds on a cylindrical handle using 1 hand at a variety of arm angles and reach distances. Feet 30 cm apart.
Standing
Angle A % of Reach Angle B Mean
30 100 30 27
50 30 30
60 37
0 100 0 23
30 21
50 30 36
60 42
-30 100 30 30
50 30 42
60 48

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Human Strength Data Tables 10/24/06

Angled Pulling to the Right:

Pull force in pounds to the right on a cylindrical handle using 1 hand at a variety of arm angles and reach distances.
Standing
Angle A % of Reach Angle B Mean
30 100 30 18
60 16
50 30 20
60 18
0 100 0 17
30 16
60 16
90 16
50 30 18
60 16
-30 100 30 18
60 18
50 30 22
60 20
Sitting (back and feet supported)
Angle A % of Reach Angle B Mean
0 100 0 15
45 15
90 13
75 15 16
50 15 18

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Human Strength Data Tables 10/24/06

Angled Pulling to the Left:

Pull force in pounds to the left on a cylindrical handle using 1 hand at a variety of arm angles and reach distances.
Standing
Angle A % of Reach Angle B Mean
30 100 30 18
60 17
50 30 23
60 20
0 100 0 17
30 16
60 16
90 16
50 30 22
60 19
-30 100 30 19
60 18
50 30 25
60 23
Sitting (back and feet supported)
Angle A % of Reach Angle B Mean
0 100 0 16
45 17
90 15
75 15 18
50 15 23

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Human Strength Data Tables 10/24/06

Angled Wrist Twisting:

(Foot pounds) clockwise and counter clockwise using a cylindrical handgrip at a variety of arm angles and reaches
% of Mean Mean counter
Angle A Reach Angle B clockwise clockwise
30 100 0 7.2 8.6
60 6.9 8.3
50 0 11.2 12.3
60 11.1 11.9
0 100 0 4.9 8.7
30 4.9 9.1
60 4.9 8.8
50 0 11.4 13.2
60 11.2 13.1
-30 100 0 3.6 10
60 3.8 9.6
50 0 14.3 13.3
60 10.3 13.5

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Human Strength Data Tables 10/24/06

Upper Body Strength Measurements At Different Shoulder Angles (Measured in Pounds)

Push Forces: Lift Forces:
Shoulder Shoulder
5th %tile 50th %tile 95th %tile SD 5th %tile 50th %tile 95th %tile SD
angle angle
60 34 92 150 38 60 20 49 82 18
120 36 172 43 120 24 60 124 24
180 50 138 210 49 180 14 43 88 22
Pull Forces Downward Press Forces.
Shoulder Shoulder
5th %tile 50th %tile 95th %tile SD 5th %tile 50th %tile 95th %tile SD
angle angle
60 107 280 329 98 60 20 51 89 21
120 187 462 685 138 120 26 58 98 23
180 231 538 760 164 180 17 41 82 18
Pull Forces To The Left:
Shoulder
5th %tile 50th %tile 95th %tile SD
angle
60 20 52 87 19
120 22 53 100 26
180 20 50 104 26
Pull Forces To The Right:
Shoulder
5th %tile 50th %tile 95th %tile SD
angle
60 17 42 82 20
120 15 31 62 17
180 14 35 62 24

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Human Strength Data Tables 10/24/06

Pull Forces Based on Different Handles

Pull forces in pounds on a variety of handle types using one dominant hand. The type of grip and stance were
unrestricted as long as the lead foot was not in front of the handle.
Handle Height Handle type Sex Mean SD
1m 1 Male 90 28
Female 62 13
Both 75 25
2 Male 58 19
Female 42 8
Both 49 16
3 Male 29 6
Female 25 4
Both 27 5
4 Male 91 26
Female 63 17
Both 76 25
1.75 m 1 Male 52 13
Female 37 7
Both 44 13
2 Male 43 10
Female 27 4
Both 35 11
3 Male 27 6
Female 22 4
Both 25 5
4 Male 54 14
Female 40 9
Both 46 13

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Human Strength Data Tables 10/24/06

Dynamic Pulling In an Upward Direction:

Dynamic pull forces in lbs. on a vertical handgrip, at a variety of hand heights and pull angles and speeds (meters/second)

Speed % Of Shoulder Ht. Pulling Angle Mean SD Range

0.7 m/s 40 25 161 42 83-293

35 138 42 69-240

70 25 138 46 80-260

35 101 32 63-187

1 m/s 40 25 107 42 48-224

35 106 42 49-201

70 25 94 25 37-146

35 65 26 32-131

1.1 m/s 40 25 80 33 35-157

35 74 34 24-180

70 25 76 29 47-180

35 58 25 28-134

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Human Strength Data Tables 10/24/06

Tool Torques:
(Foot-pounds) exerted with different hand tools, averaged over 21 different postures.
Tool Sex Mean SD Range

Crescent wrench Male 22.3 8.9 6.1-61.8

Female 14.8 5.7 1.2-34.0

Long Screwdriver Male 2.4 0.9 0.3-6.5

Female 1.6 0.6 0.3-3.9

Longest Screwdriver Male 3.0 2.1 0.8-8.0

Female 2.2 1.0 0.5-7.0

Medium Screwdriver Male 1.7 0.7 0.5-5.4

Female 1.2 0.5 0.4-2.5

Pipe wrench Male 29.2 10.3 8.7-67.6

Female 17.8 7.5 4.4-56.1

Short Screwdriver Male 3.3 1.2 0.8-8.5

Female 2.4 0.9 0.7-5.4

Socket wrench Male 29.5 10 8.0-68.4

Female 18.0 7.0 5.2-40.9

Spanner wrench Male 24.8 9.2 2.3-62.5

Female 15.0 6.1 4.2-44.7

Vice grip Male 18.7 5.9 5.6-41.5

Female 12.1 4.2 3.4-24.8

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Human Strength Data Tables 10/24/06

Hand grip strength: (pounds) sitting elbows @ 90 degrees and forearm in neutral
Grip Type Sex Hand Mean SD
Male Dominant 137
Non-Dominant 129
Power
Female Dominant 81
Non-Dominant 75
Pinch
Male Not specified 19
Thumb & index finger
Female Not specified 15
Male Not specified 6
Thumb & little finger
Female Not specified 4
Male Not specified 15
Thumb & middle finger
Female Not specified 10
Male Not specified 10
Thumb & ring finger
Female Not specified 7
Male Dominant 23 1.1
Thumb & index and middle finger
Female Dominant 16 0.8
Male Dominant 17 0.92
Tip of Thumb and index finger
Female Dominant 11 0.58
Male Dominant 27 1.1
Lateral Pinch or key grip
Female Dominant 20 1.1

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