TERMS OF REFERENCE

‘HOW TO BEST PREPARE INDONESIAN YOUNG GENERATION FOR

2030’S DEMOGRAPHIC BOOST?’

BACKGROUND
In the period of 2010 to 2050, Indonesia is expecting a major number of people in the working age
cohort (i.e. population aged 15-64) thanks to the slower pace of increase and ageing of the total
population. This so-called ‘demographic bonus’ is an exceptional opportunity for the development of
the country in many aspects. The age distribution, however, could be illusory if not balanced by the
development in its human capital (McDonald, 2014). This must cover the skills needed by the working
age cohort in order to be well absorbed in the labour market over the next 20-25 years, concerning
the shift of labour requirements.

The rapid rise in education levels in Indonesia also holds an important role in Indonesia’s demographic
changes. Higher investment in education is seen as a positive result of Indonesia’s family-planning
programme since the 1960s, as fewer number of children causing parents to invest more in their
education and health. As a matter of fact, of every 10 children of secondary school age, about 7 are
enrolled in secondary school (Mason & Lee, 2012). The enrolment to tertiary school has also been
rapidly growing due to the substantial increase in both demand and supply of post-secondary
education. The diminishing disadvantages for girls and first-born children both in urban and rural areas
are also witnessed in the past few decades, indicating the Indonesian government’s success in
expanding school opportunities for its citizens (Maralani, 2008). Unfortunately, these growths on
education do not necessarily portray the state of the youth employment. About 16-23 percent of the
youth work force in Indonesia is defined as ‘unemployed’ caused by various factors, particularly
concerning their education level. McDonald (2014) stated that educated young people outside Jakarta
have limited employment opportunities. Delay of entry to the workforce likewise becoming a common
thing in Indonesia due to a wider chance of continuing to even higher education. As the patterns of
youth employment are very dynamic, it is important to ensure that any drift or delay will lead to higher
labour income in later years (Mason & Lee, 2012).

The development in the entrepreneurial sector is also indispensable as people in their 20s-30s are
getting more inclined to start a new business. Limited exposure to the challenges involved in
establishing a successful business risks to result in slower average productivity growth of (Hall & Stone,
2010). Problems faced in the first years of business including acquisition of resources and lack of
managerial competency (Lorrain & Laferte, 2006) should be foreseen by the young entrepreneurs in
order for their business to survive over a long span period.
Hence, this Panel Discussion will be focused on preparing Indonesian young generation to overcome
the demographic bonus, which will last around 20-25 years ahead. Speakers from a range of
background covering higher education, entrepreneurship, and journalism are expected to share their
point of view on this upcoming growth. Mindful discussion with participants is also expected to further
explore and enrich the ideas presented.

FORMAT
The session will be started by introduction of each speaker by moderator. Then each speaker get a
10 minutes’ time to deliver the presentation and followed by curated question by moderator. The
session will be closed by Q&A from the audience. This session will lasted 90 minutes.

OBJECTIVES
1. To explore Indonesian young generation’s potential in the upcoming demographic bonus
2. To discover the challenges that will be faced by Indonesian young generation during the
period of demographic bonus (2010-2050)
3. To gain insights about this regional phenomenon from foreign perspective
4. To trigger the participants’ interest in maximizing their roles regarding the demographic
boost

LOCATION
Warwick Arts Theater
The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

DATE AND TIME

Date: Wednesday, 26 July 2017
Time: 10.30-12.00

PARTICIPANT
This event invites Indonesian students across the globe, especially the selected presenters of ISIC
2017, as well as international student who would like to explore Indonesian politics.

TERM OF REFERENCES FOR PANELLISTS

In the panel discussion, each panelist are proposed to give short presentation about their particular
expertise regarding to the theme. The following narrative would describe what is expected by the
participant in each panellists.

1. Indonesian Academic
It is expected that the speaker will give a short presentation on how the speaker, as an
academic, sees the potential of Indonesian students – especially university students – to
contribute to the society in various fields during and/or post university studies. The aim is to
give participants perspective of how Indonesian young generation have advanced
 throughout the time and how real-world challenges has shifted over the past 25 years.
Following questions shall be answered through the presentation.
 What has Indonesian students achieved over the past 25 years? How is it any
different with the achievements of former generations?
 What privileges have Indonesian students got that former generation did not? How
could the students maximize such privileges?
 Regarding to the demographic bonus, what are the most important traits to be
possessed by Indonesian students in order to be able to compete, not only
nationally but also globally?

2. International Academic
It is expected that the speaker will give a short presentation on how the speaker, as an
academic with particular interest in Indonesia and/or developing countries, sees the
upcoming demographic bonus and how the country (i.e. the government) should respond
and take part in preparing the young generation. The aim is to give foreign perspective of
how this bonus could be both a challenge and opportunity for the country. Following
questions shall be answered through the presentation.
 How would a demographic bonus would affect the economy of a country?
 What is the advantage and disadvantage of a country with such bonus?
 What is the role of the government to maximize this historical phenomenon,
especially in term of opening opportunities to students and young professionals to
develop and strengthen the country’s economy?

3. Indonesian Young Entrepreneur

It is expected that the speaker will give a short presentation about how the speaker, as a
young generation, established and maintain his own company. The aim is to give exposure
to the participants of the experiences needed prior to establishing a company and to explore
the problems faced, especially in the first years of the business. Following questions shall be
answered through the presentation.
 How does the speaker’s past experiences, prior to being a CEO, affected his/her way
of thinking? What made the speaker decided to establish a company?
 What are the main problems that were faced during the first years of establishment
of the company? How did the speaker overcome these problems?
 What should the young generation invest on if they would like to become an
entrepreneur?

4. Journalist/Writer
It is expected that the speaker will give a short presentation on how the speaker, as a
journalist with particular interest in Indonesia and/or developing countries, sees the
development of Indonesia’s educational system over the past 25 years and how ready the
country is to face the demographic bonus in 2030. The aim is to explore the changes that the
speaker has witnessed in various times and places in Indonesia, how prepared the young
 generation really are, and what roles would the youth have in these different times and
places when they entered the workforce. Following questions shall be answered through the
presentation.
 Based on your observations, how prepared is Indonesia in facing the upcoming
demographic bonus? Would it be any different from one region to another?
 What are the biggest challenges will the Indonesian young generation face during
the period of demographic bonus?
 In term of education, what should be improved in order to prepare the young
generation for a better future?

TRAVEL AND ACCOMODATION

All transport cost for speaker within UK will be fully reimburse.

All airplane fare cost will be covered in return ticket Economy class.

For the duration of the event, we will be providing:

 On site accommodation in the form of a conference hotel for yourself. Checking in on the
evening of 25th of July and checking out on the morning of 27th of July.
 Meals throughout your stay.
 Transport as required from 25th of July until 27th of July
EVENT RUNDOWN
TIME AGENDA
10.30 -10.40 Opening Moderator
10 minutes

10.40-11.20 Panel Discussion

 Panelist 1
10 minutes
 Panelist 2
10 minutes
 Panelist 3
10 minutes
 Panelist 4
10 minutes

11.20- 11.40 Question from Moderator

20 minutes

11.40-12.00 Q&A from Audience

20 minutes

End