TRANSLATION METHODS IN TRANSLATING

NOVEL “TEWASNYA GAGAK HITAM”

TO “THE DEATH OF THE BLACK CROW” BY SIDIK NUGROHO

A GRADUATING PAPER

Submitted To Fulfill One of Requirements

To Get Sarjana Sastra Degree (S1)

APEP WAHYUDIN
C1.14150003

ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE
SEBELAS APRIL SUMEDANG
2018
 APPROVAL SHEET

TRANSLATION METHODS IN TRANSLATING

NOVEL “TEWASNYA GAGAK HITAM”
TO “THE DEATH OF THE BLACK CROW” BY SIDIK NUGROHO

A Graduating Paper
Submitted To Fulfill One of Requirements
To Get Sarjana Sastra Degree (S1)

Arranged By
Apep Wahyudin
C1.14150003

Approved by:
The 1st Supervisor The 2nd Supervisor

Dr. Denny Kodrat, M.Pd. Dr. Imas Maryanah, M.Pd.

NIDK.8842810016 NIDN. 0407087302

Legalized by

The Head of STBA Sebelas April Sumedang

Iwan Israwan, Drs., M.Pd.

NIP. 195801041986021001

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Allah will raise those of you who believe

And those who have knowledge, in position.

Allah is aware of what you do.

(Koran, Surah Al-Mujadalah, 11)

FOR THOSE WHO NEVER BELIEVE

THAT A SON OF FARMER COULD GO TO COLLEGE
FOR FREE.

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 PREFACE

All praise be to Allah, God of all the worlds. By the help of Allah, this

research which was entitled as “Translation Methods in Translating Novel

Tewasnya Gagak Hitam to The Death of the Black Crow By Sidik Nugroho” can

be presented as its required time.

This research tried to reveal the kinds of translation method which are used

to translate novel Tewasnya Gagak Hitam to The Death Of The Black Crow from

Bahasa to English. The results of this research also reveal how the translator use

translation methods to produce meaning and good quality translation result in the

form of translated novel. In this research, the application of translation methods is

explained by using data from both novel. Hopefully, this research can give more

knowledge regarding to translation method, especially its application in

translating novel from Bahasa to English.

Grateful acknowledgment is here made to those who helped this researcher

gather data for this paper. This work would not have reached its present form

without their invaluable contributions.

Sumedang, July 2018

Researcher

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In conducting this research, some difficulties was found frequently.

Fortunately, a lot of help and supports were received from the various parties.

This work would not have reached its present form without their massive help.

Therefore, the researcher would like to give sincere thank you to the following

parties:

1) Allah Subhanahuwata’ala. The only one God who always teaches the

researcher to win or learn, to be grateful and patient.

2) Dr. Denny Kodrat, M.Pd. as the First Supervisor who has been willing to

spend his time in guiding the researcher in conducting this research. Thank

you for the endless suggestion, patience, and wisdom.

3) Dr. Imas Maryanah, M.Pd as the Second Supervisor for her extensive

knowledge so that the researcher can finish the research well.

4) Dr. E Sulyati, M.Pd, for her dedication, help, advice, and massive

contribution so that the researcher could get Bidik Misi scholarship in

STBA Sebelas April Sumedang.

5) The researcher’s mother, Sukaenah. The amazing single fighter, the only

woman that the researcher love from the beginning of the tear until the end

of the breath.

6) Students of STBA 2014. Friends and family until Jannah who always give

advice, help, and support to the researcher. Thank you very much for the

amazing four years in STBA Sebelas April Sumedang.

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7) Sidik Nugorho. The author of the novel Tewasnya Gagak Hitam who has

spent his time explaining the process of translating the novel.

8) Informatika Vocational School for the facilities that have been provided

for the researcher in conducting this research.

9) “Penghuni Terakhir” (Dedi Irawan, S.Pd., M.Pd., M. Riza Azhar, S.Kom.,

Misbahudin) as the closest working partners of the researcher in

Informatika Vocational School, partner in glad and sad.

Sumedang, July 2018

Researcher

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover Page .......................................................................................................... i

Approval Sheet ................................................................................................... ii
Motto ................................................................................................................. iii
Preface ................................................................................................................ iv
Acknowledgements ............................................................................................ v
Table of Contents ............................................................................................. vii
List of Images .................................................................................................... ix
List of Tables...................................................................................................... x
Abstract ............................................................................................................. xi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...................................................................... 1
A. Background of Research .............................................................................. 1
B. Research Question ...................................................................................... 6
C. Scope of Research ....................................................................................... 6
D. Research Aims ............................................................................................ 7
E. Research Benefits ........................................................................................ 7

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE ................................................ 8

A. Former Research ......................................................................................... 8
B. Grand Theories .......................................................................................... 11
1. Translation .......................................................................................... 12
2. Translation Shift.................................................................................. 14
3. Process of Translation ......................................................................... 16
4. Translation Methods ........................................................................... 18
5. Translation and Culture....................................................................... 24
6. Kinds of Meaning ............................................................................... 25
7. Meaning Equality ................................................................................ 29

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH ................................. 31
A. Research Design ........................................................................................ 31
B. Research Object ........................................................................................ 32
C. Technique of Data Collection ................................................................... 33
D. Technique of Data Analysis ...................................................................... 34
E. Technique of Data Validity ....................................................................... 36

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ....................................... 38

A. Findings ................................................................................................. 38
1. Synopsis of Novel .......................................................................... 38
2. Biography of Author ...................................................................... 39
3. Biography of Translator ................................................................. 41
4. Translation Methods....................................................................... 41
5. Translation Shift in Producing Meaning ........................................ 42
B. Discussion ............................................................................................. 43
1. Translation Methods....................................................................... 43
2. Translation Shift in Producing Meaning ........................................ 59

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ................................. 65

A. Conclusion ........................................................................................... 65
B. Suggestion ............................................................................................ 66

BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................... 68
APPENDICES

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 LIST OF IMAGES

Image 2.1 Process of Translation by Nida and Taber ......................................... 16

Image 2.2. V Diagram of Translation Methods by Newmark............................. 19

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1. Former Researches .............................................................................. 8

Table 2.2. Former Research Comparison ........................................................... 11
Table 2.3. General to specific shift examples .................................................... 15
Table 2.4. Syntactic Marking ............................................................................. 26
Table 2.5. Semotac Marking .............................................................................. 27
Table 2.6. Linguistic Factors Examples ............................................................. 28
Table 3.1. Technique of Data Analysis Example............................................... 36
Table 4.1. Frequency of Translation Methods ................................................... 42
Table 4.2. Frequency of Shift in the Level of Semantic .................................... 43
Table 4.3. Cultural Context in Communicative Methods .................................. 45
Table 4.4. Simpler Translation in Communicative Methods ............................. 46
Table 4.5. Word-for-word Methods ................................................................... 48
Table 4.6. Sentence Structure............................................................................. 48
Table 4.7. Word-for-word Method Data in Process of Translation ................... 49
Table 4.8. Possessive Pronoun Translation ........................................................ 49
Table 4.9. Literal Translation Data .................................................................... 51
Table 4.10. Noun Phrase Structural Shift .......................................................... 51
Table 4.11. Semantic Translation Data .............................................................. 52
Table 4.12. Adaptation Method Data ................................................................. 54
Table 4.13. Free Translation Data ...................................................................... 55
Table 4.14. Structural Changing ........................................................................ 56
Table 4.15. Idiomatic Translation Data.............................................................. 58
Table 4.16. Shift from General to Specific Data ................................................ 60
Table 4.17. Shift from Specific to General Data ................................................ 61
Table 4.18. Shift According to Culture Data ..................................................... 63

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 TRANSLATION METHODS IN TRANSLATING NOVEL
“TEWASNYA GAGAK HITAM”
TO THE DEATH OF THE BLACK CROW BY SIDIK NUGROHO

Apep Wahyudin
C1.14150003

ABSTRACT

Translation Methods in Translating Novel Tewasnya Gagak Hitam to

The Death Of The Black Crow By Sidik Nugroho. This research was purposed
to analyze translation methods in translating novel from Bahasa to English and
how the meaning was produced. Theories about translation and translation
methods proposed by Newmark and theories relating semantic level shift by
Simatupang were employed as the grand theory. Qualitative approach was used to
analyze and present the data which was taken from original novel as the source
language and translated novel as target language. Based on analysis to 506 data, 7
kinds of translation methods was found as follow: word-for-word (6%), literal
(16%), semantic (7%), adaptation (11%), free translation (20%), idiomatic (7%),
and communicative translation (34%). Furthermore, the use of translation
methods drove the meaning to be shifted from its original form in source language
to other form in target language. In the level of semantic, it was found that
meaning was shifted from general to specific (37%), from specific to general
(17%), and shifted according to culture (46%). The conclusion stated that target-
language-oriented translation methods were used more frequently to produce the
meaning. This result indicates that translation methods are important to be
mastered in the process of translation besides of mastering vocabularies in both
languages.

Key words: translation, methods, meaning, translation shift, novel.

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