International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 7, July 2013)

Analysis of Electrical Parameters of Inset Fed Rectangular

Micro strip Patch antenna (RMPA) by Varying Inset Gap and
Inset Width
Swarna Pundir1, D. Arya2, Aruna Bansal3
1,3
M.Tech Student, IET Alwar, Electronics and Communication Department
2
Associate Professor, IET Alwar, Electronics and Communication Department.
Abstract-- This paper investigate the dependency of II. DESIGN P ROCEDURE
electrical properties of inset fed rectangular microstrip patch
antenna (RMPA) by varying inset width and inset gap for
Before designing a Patch antenna we take consideration
proper impedance matching to achieve efficient operation. of some basic facts like resonant frequency fr, kind of
The design strategy is optimized for 2.4 GHz rectangular model used for analysis, feeding method, shape and
shaped patch antenna using CST Micro stripes 2009 EMC dimensions of patch as well as substrate. So here the fr is
Edition. It has been observed the performance of patch 2.4 GHz ,Transmission line model is used because of ease
antenna depends more on inset gap between patch conductor and gives good physical insight yet has less accurate and it
and inset fed line rather than inset length. is more difficult to model coupling[6].Feeding method used
is recessed microstrip-line feed, shape considered is
Keywords-- Inset- fed, Inset gap, Inset width, Inset fed Line,
rectangular patch on GML 1000 with dielectric constant εr
Patch antenna, Resonance frequency
= 3.2 and thickness (t) of substrate is .762mm.
I. INTRODUCTION
III. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
A wireless communication system emphasis on
lightweight, compact and cost effective low profile While adopting the design strategy we try to keep the
antennas for frequencies above100 MHz (ʎ ˂ 3m). return loss as minimum as possible. Design procedure is
Microstrip patch antenna rises as a good candidate meeting conventional based on existing literature, choosing εr in
these requirements due to its versatility of possible advance as dielectric of substrate are not easily available
geometry and easy integrity with printed circuits. The which alongside also brings the thickness of the material
performance of a patch antenna depends upon their with itself.
geometrical shape, physical dimensions and properties of
the material used. Including all this the location and type of IV. P ATCH ANALYSIS
feed also plays a vital role for improving its performances. Steps:
The inset feed antenna provides a method of impedance
1. Calculate Width „W‟ [7]
control with a planer configuration [1-2].It is found that a
shifted Cos2 function works well for the inset-fed patch [3-
4]. The parameters of the shifted cosine function –squared √
depend on the inset width for a given patch and substrate
geometry [5]. Bandwidth of a patch antenna is a linear
function of substrate thickness t and increasing t to increase 2. Calculate εreff [9]
bandwidth result in greater surface wave, spurious radiation -1/2

and reduced directivity. In inset fed technique a notch is cut εreff = + [ ]

on the edge of radiating patch to increase the matching for for Wp / h>1
better performance by controlling the input impedance
3. Calculate ΔL i.e. normalized length[8]
level.
This paper analyzes the variation of electrical properties ( )
of a patch antenna with respect to inset width and inset gap = 0.412
( )
keeping the width of inset fed line constant.

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 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 7, July 2013)
4. Calculate LP If we cut a notch on the patch and extend the inset fed
line, the input resistance of the fed line is that of where the
= - 2ΔL notch has been cut out of the patch, this gives a good
√ impedance matching for better result.
5. For calculating notch width we use equation [10] Here two parameters i.e. Inset gap width (notch width)
and the Inset fed (notch length) is varied keeping one of the
= + parameter constant at a time. Starting from the non
√ radiating edge notch width set to 00mm to0.34mm,
Rearranging the above equation for 0.35mm and.5mm. Repeating it for the notch length from
the calculated value of 7.5mm ± 0.5mm.The variation is
= kept in small steps as a minute change can also be easily
√
observed in this process rather than using bigger variations.
6. Calculating [11][12]
VI. RESULT AND D ISCUSSION
= ( ) Summarizations of different model are shown in the
Table 2, showing the effects on all the electrical
Tabulated values using above equations are shown in
parameters of microstrip patch antenna. Figure _and _
Table 1.
shows the simulated variation in return loss (S11) and
Table 1: bandwidth for model C, G and K. As input impedance of
Physical dimensions of microstrip patch antenna inset fed patch antenna depends primarily upon the inset
Operating frequency 2.4GHz length „d‟ and to some extend at the inset gap between
Dielectric constant 3.2 (GML-1000) patch conductor and inset line. These result shows that the
Length of the patch Lp 34.75 mm resonance frequency ,return loss and bandwidth is to some
Width of the patch 43.129 mm extend depends upon the inset gap ‟g‟ and less on inset
Wp length ‟d‟. On comparing model no A, E, I with C,G,K, it is
Thickness (t) of the .762mm easily seen that due to input impedance there is shift in S11
Substrate ,bandwidth and resonance frequency . One can be precise
Model for Analysis Transmission Line TLM for a selective resonance frequency with choosing a
proper width gap.
Substrate Length 39.4 mm
Substrate Width 47.7 mm
VII. CONCLUSION
For better analysis, input impedance of patch antenna
plays an important role as it will decide the performance of
an patch antenna. It can be easily concluded that impedance
matching depends more on inset gap rather than inset
length which in return affect the electrical parameters of a
microstrip antenna.
REFRENCES
[1] L.I.Basilio,M.A.Khayat,J.T.Williams and S.A. Long, “The
Dependence of the Input Impedance on Feed Position of Probe and
Microstrip Line-fed Patch Antenna,”IEEE Trans.Antenna and
Propagation,Vol.AP-49,pp.45-47,Jan.2001.
[2] T.Samaras,A.Kouloglou ,and J.N.Sahalos, “A note on the impedance
Fig .1 shows the patch design with inset-fed located along the width. variation with feed position of a rectangular microstrip antenna,
”IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine,vol.46,pp.90-
92,April2004.
V. S IMULATION S TRATEGY
[3] Y.Hu,E.J.Lundgren,D.R Jackson, J.T. Williams and S.A. Long, ”A
Simulation is carried in a way to find out the effect of study of the Input Impedance of the Inset –fed Rectangular
variation in inset-fed gap and inset fed length on the Microstrip antenna as a function of notch depth and width,”2005
AP-S International Symposium, Washington DC, July 2005.
electrical parameters of patch antenna. Feed line with a
fixed width is extended up to the edge of the patch.
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 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 7, July 2013)
[4] Y.Hu, D.R. Jackson ,J.T.williams , and S.A.Long,”A Design [8] T.A.Milligan,Modern Antenna Design, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
approach for inset-fed rectangular microstrip antennas,” AP-S New York ,1985
International Symposium,pp.1494 july2006. [9] C.A.Balanis, Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics,John Wiley &
[5] M.A.Matin, A.I.Sayeed ,”A Design for Inset-fed Rectangular Sons, New York,1989
Microstrip Patch Antenna,” Wseas Transactions on Communication [10] M.A.Matin, A.I.Sayeed,,A Design Rule for Inset-fed Rectangular
,Issue 1,Vol.9,Jan 2010. Microstrip Patch Antenna,,WSEAS Trans. on Communication, Issue
[6] E.H Van Lil and A.R Van De Capelle ,”Transmission –Line Model 1,Vol.9,Jan 2010.
for Mutual Coupling Between Microstrip Antennas,” [11] A.G.Derneryd,”A Theoretical Investigation of the Rectangular
IEEETrans.Antennas Propagat.,Vol AP-32,No.8,pp816- Microstrip Antenna Element,”IEEE Trans.Antenna Propagat.,
821,Aug1984. Vol.AP-26,No.4,pp532-535 ,July1978
[7] I.J Bahl and P Bhartia, Microstrip Antenna, Artech House, [12] K.R.Carver and J.W.Mink,”Microstrip Antenna Technology,”IEEE
Dedham.M.A, 1980. Trans. Antenna Propagat., Vol.AP-29, No.1, pp2-24, Jan 1981

Simulation Analysis
Table 2
Summarization of simulated result
Inset Feed Patchl Inset Inset Return Loss in Resonance A.E R.E Directivity Gain Band Width
No. Gap Length frequency in in In
dB (GHz) (dB) (dB) ( dBi) ( dBi) % age
W Lf g d
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)

2 2 5B 00 7 -13.261 2.374 65.266 71.881 6.199 4.346 2.358

4B .34 7 -25.383 2.394 69.307 69.677 6.174 4.582 3.592
3B .35 7 -24.591 2.394 69.338 69.725 6.175 4.585 3.550
2B .5 7 -22.560 2.413 68.571 69.530 6.164 4.526 3.522

2 2 5 00 7.5 -13.416 2.373 65.098 71.796 6.195 4.330 2.444

4 .34 7.5 -22.641 2.401 69.344 69.686 6.171 4.587 3.498
3 .35 7.5 -22.635 2.402 69.748 69.748 6.173 4.587 3.538
2 .50 7.5 -21.029 2.406 69.073 69.784 6.166 4.559 3.408

2 2 5A 00 8 -13.427 2.373 65.155 71.898 6.196 4.336 2.444

4A .34 8 -17.132 2.396 68.162 69.582 6.169 4.505 3.338
3A .35 8 -17.039 2.397 68.217 69.654 6.173 4.512 3.380
2B .5 8 -15.580 2.398 67.683 69.649 6.172 4.477 3.439
Simulated Result

Fig 2: return loss for patch 3A Fig 2A: radiation patern for patch 3A

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Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 7, July 2013)

Fig 3: return loss for patch 3B Fig 3A: radiation patern for patch 3B

Fig 4: return loss for patch 3 Fig 4A: radiation patern for patch 3

Fig 5: return loss for patch 5 Fig 5A: radiation patern for patch 5

Fig 6: return loss for patch 5A Fig 6A: radiation patern for patch 5A

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 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 7, July 2013)

Fig 7: return loss for patch 5B Fig 7A: radiation patern for patch 5B

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