PSU-Urdaneta Campus Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Thesis Chapter I Introduction

Pangasinan State University – Urdaneta Campus
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Nowadays, technology has changed many aspects of life and people’s daily life due to the
development of Internet. Internet is one of the greatest inventions of our generation. According
to Taylor (2013), the Internet is a very versatile facility which can help people in completing many
tasks easily and conveniently with few clicks. It can be any work of daily usage or any specific
service which needs a lot of research and formalities to be done beforehand. Almost everything is
now available over Internet in this age of advancement of technologies.
One of the remarkable and much known products of technology advancement is the
conversion of manually-operated system into automated system. Automation produces a great
impact in the lives of man, particularly in the field of industry, business, medicine, and education
(Williams, 2012). Technology is the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools,
machines, techniques, crafts, systems, and methods of organization, in order to solve a problem,
improve a pre-existing solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input or output
relation or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, including
machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures (Williams, 2012).
A scheduling system is usually a form of software that allows someone to construct
schedules in an easier, faster and error minimized way. It is very time consuming and sometimes
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leads to a disaster if output is not efficient. The purpose of scheduling is to minimize the
production time and costs.
Academic institutions and universities often find difficulties in scheduling classes. This
difficult task is devoted with hefty amount of time, human, and material resources. Several factors
such as diverse student groups, time allotments, courses, rooms, teachers, and scheduling
discretions are being considered in the task. For institutions composed of several academic units,
the complexity is worsened by a decentralized preparation of schedule. In this approach, several
uncontrolled scheduling elements should be taken into account such as schedules of subjects to
be taken offered by other units, the use of resources such as rooms or facilities located in other
units, schedule preferences and constraints implemented by other units, all of which are affecting
schedule preparation processes.
Pangasinan State University Urdaneta City Campus (PSU) as an educational institution
offers manual services to the students. It is a fact that arranging class schedules, instructor’s load
and room utilization for the students and faculty in every department is one of the many activities
that each department heads must prepare before classes start. But the school used the manual
way of preparing the class schedule. With the manual system, more time and labor force is
required to plot, arrange, and revise the class schedules, room utilization and instructors’ load
provided by the department heads. They need several time-consuming face to face consultations
among themselves to settle anticipated conflicts. They need to travel from one location to another
that makes scheduling both physically and mentally difficult task. These situations contribute to
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the lengthy schedule preparation and the frequent delay in the submission of final schedules to
the in-charge of registration. Moreover, manual checking does not guarantee a conflict-free
schedule. In most occasions, several problems arise because of scheduling mistakes. Schedule
conflicts affect the normal flow of processes during registration. Classes are delayed until conflicts
are rectified. The worst scenario brought about by these scheduling lapses is when an affected
registered-student is forced to drop or change a course/subject enrolled due to change in the
schedule.
This process is a very large, complex, and time consuming task with many inputs to take
into consideration. The quality of the output has an immense impact on students, faculty, and the
department as a whole. Poorly scheduled timetable can also affect students’ ability to take courses
due to conflict, course utilization, lab utilization, time to graduation, student satisfaction, faculty
satisfaction, department policies, and it can lead to undesirable last minute changes. This study is
proposed with the reasons as stated. This process partially defines the lives of students and faculty
members in terms of schedule and should not be taken lightly. Because of the impact of this
process, it is important to incorporate individual and group preference into as many areas of this
process as possible and to create a robust process that generates close to optimal solutions.
With these problems, the researchers had come up to an idea of developing an online class
scheduling system in a web based form. Through this advancement, it is hoped that errors in
operations be minimized and time and manpower be conserved.
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Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework guided the researchers in the development of the study. The
researchers used the following concepts such as record management system and online.
Record Management. It is define as the field of management responsible for the efficient
and systematic control of the creation, receipt, maintenance, use and disposition of records,
including the processes for capturing and maintaining evidence of and information about business
activities and transactions in the form of records. It is also a practice of maintaining the records of
an organization from the time they are created up to their eventual disposal. This may include
classifying, storing, securing and destruction or in some cases archival preservation of records. A
record could be a tangible object or digital information such as personal information, documents,
office documents, databases, application data and e-mail. Record management is primarily
concerned with the evidence of organization activities and is usually applied according to the value
of the records rather than their physical format (Aquino et. al., 2013).
Online. It is the condition of being connected to a network of computers or other devices.
It also describes someone who is connected to the internet (Langas et. al., 2016).
Being online provides every point for single information, tools and links. It becomes
increasingly popular in term of being mentioned and discussed in the IT sector and many
organizations. It provides the function and features to authenticate and identify the user and
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provide them with an easy, intuitive, personalized, and user-customizable access to information
and services that are primary relevance and interest to the users.
Research Paradigm
The system was integrated that could be accessed through the website for the Pangasinan
State University (PSU) Urdaneta Campus that would help registrar or head of the department to
create classes schedule without any conflicts in blocks, rooms, subjects, course, instructors and
other entities.
The system framework of the study is illustrated in Figure 1. The research paradigm shows
the relationship among the research inputs, the processes and the corresponding output.
As indicated in the following figure, the inputs of the project are the set of information
concerning (1) the existing system process involved in the current situation of Pangasinan State
University (PSU) Urdaneta Campus, (2) functional requirements and non-functional requirements
of the proposed system, and (3) the usability of the proposed system.
These inputs would be processed by undergoing the different phases of the software
engineering methodology Rapid Application Development (RAD). Phases of RAD are as follows:
Requirements Planning Phase, User Design Phase, Construction Phase, and Testing Phase.
The output of the study reflects the development of the Online Scheduler System for
Pangasinan State University Urdaneta Campus.
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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
 the existing system

process involved in
the current situation Rapid Application
of Pangasinan State Development Online Class
University (PSU)
Urdaneta Campus
Scheduler System:
 Functional  Requirement An Automated
requirements and planning phase
non-functional  User design System for
requirements of the phase
proposed system  Construction
Pangasinan State
phase University Urdaneta
• Usability of the
 Cut-over phase Campus
proposed system in
terms of:
a. Efficiency;
b. Affect;
c. Helpfulness;
d. Control; and
e. Learnability
Feedback
Figure1. Research paradigm of Online Class Scheduler System
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Statement of Objectives
The project primarily aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate Online class scheduler
system for a collaborative preparation of class schedules at the Pangasinan State University (PSU)
Urdaneta Campus.
Moreover, this research sought to address the following specific objectives:
1) To determine the procedure encountered in the existing class scheduling system of PSU.
2) To determine the functional and non-functional requirements of the proposed system;
3) To develop the proposed system using Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology;
and,
4) To test the usability of the developed system in terms of:
a. Efficiency;
b. Affect;
c. Helpfulness;
d. Control, and;
e. Learnability.
Importance of the Study
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The implementation of online class scheduler System would be beneficial 1. for the entire
PSU community 2. to all Faculty members 3. Students. It will also be used as a tool for preparing
schedules for a particular term in the different academic units of the university. Through it, the
task of the registrars and each department heads in preparing schedules will become lighter,
easier, and efficient. The application will be able identify and prevent schedule conflicts
eliminating common problems in the scheduling process. It may be used to produce an on-time,
reliable, conflict-free, and efficient schedule taking into account the different entities attached
such as block, room, course and faculty. The schedule generated will be used as a valuable data in
the registration thus minimizing registration problems frequently encountered due to scheduling
errors. Moreover, delays of classes caused by erroneous scheduling can be avoided with the
application’s assurance of handling and checking these schedule related problems. With the
possible reports that can be generated from the application, information can be produced to
locate unused rooms to maximize their use. Some rooms in other academic units are underutilized
because of their small population. On the contrary, other academic units with large populations
lack rooms to hold classes. Through the application, registrars can easily identify these vacant
rooms for a possible equally distributed room utilization. The application will also consider the
maximum allowed number of students in a room to fit which block is to accommodate. Faculty
workload can be easily prepared because the application includes the scheduling of faculty
members to handle a course. The problem on uneven distribution of teaching loads can be easily
addressed. At the same time, the need for additional faculty to handle excess teaching loads can
be determined and addressed earlier.
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Scope and Delimitation
The project aimed to develop an Online class scheduler System For Pangasinan State University
(PSU) Urdaneta City Campus is broad in terms of areas being covered. The study to be conducted
would limit its scope to the following:
1. Data Initialization. This module handles instructor information, classroom list, course list, classes
list and user account
2. Registrar Module. This module handles the accounts of registrar personnel. They are responsible
for system scheduling inputs. Detection of conflicts as well as printing of reports is processed. The
database of the proposed Online class scheduling system covers the records of subjects in all
courses, instructors, rooms and student information.
3. The reports module. This module would generate the class schedule, teaching schedule,
classroom schedule and overall schedule of the all Courses, schedule by year and semester, and
individual subject schedule.
The system is a web-based application. It facilitates in generating class schedules for the
students and instructors as for all four quarters of the academic year prior to the starting of
enrollment for the first semester.
For the security feature, users would be granted access to the system through the use of
username and password. Users are classified into three: (1) registrar, (2) instructors.
The registrar performs admin level functions. They are authorized to add faculty’s time
schedule, days, room, sections, courses and year to be handled in every department.
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The instructors can view their schedules by using their accounts.
Definition of Terms
For the purpose of clarification and better understanding, the following terms are
defined operationally and some conceptually in the study.
Automated system. Operating or controlling a process by highly automatic means, as by electronic
devices, reducing human intervention to a minimum.
Scheduling. Scheduling is done to balance the load on the system and ensure equal distribution of
resources and give some prioritization according to set rules.
Class Schedule. It refers to a specific time, room, instructor and subject of a certain class.
Students schedule. It shows the student's schedule from first year up to fourth year within the
semester.
User. It refers to a person who interacts with the system having their own account and privileges.
Online – Controlled by or connected to another computer or to a network.
Class Scheduler – is a list that hours the times in at which particular the subject are taught
Email Notifier – is the act of telling someone something through Email.
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Chapter II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the related literature and studies relevant in the conduct of the study.
Processes Used in Class Scheduler System
Class scheduling is the arrangement between teachers and students and school
administration about date and time, classrooms and subjects in each week of the semester. It can
be a process of trial and error and compromise. The process consists of several factors which need
to be considered for a proper arrangement of morning and afternoon classes to be made. It is an
automated way of managing schedule without conflict, less human power and less use of paper
and storage space. The class scheduler system organizes students and instructor schedule easier
and effective. Thus, a well-organized class schedule system will make the admin (registrar) more
efficient by reducing time spent in manual process of making a schedule and making their job
easily.
In general, the arrangement of a class schedule is by using pen-and-paper method. It is
very time consuming and difficult task. However, a change of schedule is always possible for the
convenience of the teachers or to suit any changes in school educational plans. All this unexpected
affect the arrangement of the class schedule that may lead of classes delayed.
In relation to that, the proposed system would provide an automated way of class
scheduling in a more efficient operations. In addition, the proposed system would provide well-
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organized records management and accurate schedule for every students and instructors. And as
the beneficiary of this study, this proposed system will help the registrar to arrange the schedule
easily and correctly and lessen their work in managing class schedule for every semester.
Functional Requirements of Online Class Scheduling System
Functional requirements describe the features, functioning, and usage of a product,
system or software from the perspective product and its user. It is also statements of services the
system should provide, how the system should react to particular inputs and how the system
should behave in particular situations. It is important to remember that functional requirements
should document what a system should do and not how it does it. The central points of these
requirements are description behavior may come from organizational or business rules, or it may
be discovered through the requirements discovery process (Scheid, 2012).
Non-Functional Requirements of Online Class Scheduling System
Non-functional requirements Constraints on the services or functions offered by the
system such as timing constraints, constraints on the development process, standards, etc. Often
apply to the system as a whole rather than individual features or services. They describe various
quality factors, or attributes, which affect the functionality’s effectiveness. They do not exist in the
abstract but only with respect to relevant functionality. The non-functional requirements should
provide specific measurements that the software must meet.
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The literature stated above shows the importance of functional and non-functional
requirements. For instance, if the software does not satisfy relevant usability requirements for
applicable functional usage, users can not use it appropriately and thus will not achieve the
required functioning.
System Development using RAD
The proponents used the Rapid Application Development (RAD) as the software
development methodology for this study involves methods like iterative and software prototyping
as its specific model. In RAD methodology, development should be done in specified time frame.
RAD methodology is suitable for the small project where all the requirements are gathered before
starting development of the project and no any concrete plan. Development starts as soon as
requirements are gathered and delivered the initial working prototype to the client to get the
feedback. Once client gives the feedback, revision and changes are done. This process goes parallel
with cooperation with client and developers. Each prototype is delivered to the client with working
functionality and changes made based on the client’s feedback. Development moves faster in RAD
methodology with minimum errors.
Prototyping model is best used when you are developing something which is basically
being built upon the foundations of an existing prototype. The reason of this model is the re-use
of prototypes which reduces both the process of software development and the testing time
required.
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As stated in the article by Martin (2010), RAD approaches to software development put
less emphasis on planning and more emphasis on process. In contrast to the waterfall model,
which calls for rigorously defined specification to be established prior to entering the development
phase, RAD approaches emphasize adaptability and the necessity of adjusting requirements in
response to knowledge gained as the project progresses. Prototypes are often used in addition to
or sometimes even in place of design specifications. RAD is consists of the
Figure 2. Rapid Application Development
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Requirements Planning. It combines elements of the system planning and system analysis
phases of the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
User Design Phase. In this phase, users interact with system analysts and develop model
prototypes that represent all system processes input, and output. Furthermore, the researchers
present the prototype of the application to the users.
Construction Phase. This phase focuses on the program and application development task
similar to SLDC.
Cutover Phase. It resembles the finals task in the SDLC implementation phase, including
data conversation, testing, changeover.
Rapid Application Development (RAD) is a design model used to develop software and
information systems in as short a time as possible. It has also been involved with iterative
development and construction of prototypes. By the use of this method, the proposed project
would yield faster, more reliable and higher-quality system that would meet the needs of the
users. It would enable organizations to develop strategically important systems faster while
reducing development costs and maintaining quality.
RAD uses small integrated teams of developers, users, and IT technical resources and short
iterative development cycle to optimize its goals of speed, and simple project management. It is
defined as a methodology created radically decrease the time needed to design. It is composed
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step-by-step development method into an iterative process. It will help build the system by at least
50% faster and save tremendous amount of time and money.
Researchers have chosen Rapid Application Development because it matches the design
process which the researchers considered essential in the project development, as anything online
has a bigger risk of being compromised.
Related Studies
The researchers have found related studies that serve as guidelines for them to
formulate and conceptualize the developed system. Northern Philippines College for Maritime
Science and Technology (NPCMST) Online class scheduling system. The institution
The researchers have found related studies that serve as guidelines for them to formulate
and conceptualize the developed system. Northern Philippines College for Maritime Science and
Technology (NPCMST) Online class scheduling system. The institution
Synthesis
*The Information System in the year 2010 is similar to the developed system wherein it
provides efficient and reliable services to the students and administration. This system improved
the process of searching, retrieving and viewing of subject schedules.
The Scheduling System of Graysail in the year 2010 is similar to the developed system where it
allows designating faculty and staff to set schedule of availability and designate individuals enter
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the system and schedule appointments as needed with the faculty and staff. Software with
automatic scheduling for teachers workload that can be easily access by faculty members will be
handy to everyone.
The Schedule System of John Hop kin’s University (2011-2012) is a developed system because
it is intended to provide equitable access to a variety of rooms, time management and features to
address instructional needs of credit courses as well as to provide the students to search more
information on their own. An easy access helps students to search faster than manual searching.
The Cognos-Based faculty and student scheduling management system (2012) is also similar to
the developed system wherein updating and checking of faculty and students information was the
primary role of their developed system. It also benefits the instructors and students to have the
ability to have access in managed information directly and conveniently. The only difference of
this system to the developed system of the proponents is that the Admin is the only one can that
is capable of updating information for the instructors. Students and instructors are for viewing and
searching.
*The developed system was also similar to the Schedule System of Los Angeles College (2013)
and Long Beach City College where its stores information about the schedule and it can locate
teachers by means of searching to the said system. Inputs like the first name and the last name of
students and the student number is required to search for their record. Schedules of instructors
and room schedules and it do not produce reports to show grade timetable for students. It uses
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instructors USN, his/her first name and last name and for room schedule it requires the room
number as an input coming from users/viewer.
The Online Scheduling System (2010) is similar to the developed system where it involves
proper handling of records. It also covers updating and adding records. The difference of the
developed system is that it does not covers student records and generating assessment slips in
manual searching.
The Scheduling System on Harvent School in the year 2011 is similar to the developed
system because the scheduling process is the initial stage in gathering bon fide accurate student
information necessary to establish student permanent records. The difference is that the
developed system uses teacher’s serves as the admin, and the students can view their own
information and also the school also provides their security system to avoid information leakage
about their school.
The Scheduling System of Aquino in the year 2011 is also similar to the developed system
wherein the schools use the information systems in the way of implementing a scheduling system.
This results for them to search more accurately and easy.
The Automated Class Scheduling System of Bohol island state University in the year 2012-
2013 is similar to the developed system wherein the study tested the functionality of the said
system in terms of speed, data handling, security, scheduling, stability and adaptability in making
class schedules. It is more functional because of its extra features which solve primary problems
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in creating class schedules. The difference of this system is that the proponents are the one who
tested first its accuracy and how it is capable enough to restore info not only for a class schedules
but also with room schedules.
*Lastly, the developed system is similar to a Web-based-Schedule viewing system for
Veritas Parochial School in Manila (2011) wherein it was developed to help its students search in a
more efficient way without hassles. By logging in to their website, one can register and search the
information about their subjects, instructors, and rooms that do not take more than a few minutes
to accomplish. The system stores it records in the school database for future reference.
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CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, it discussed the methodology used, the locale of the study, the instruments
used to conduct the study and the tools for analyzing the data of the proposed system.
A methodology will consist of phases, themselves consisting of sub-phases, which will

guide the systems developers in their choice of techniques that might be appropriate at each stage
of the project and also help them plan, manage, control and evaluate research. It is usually based
on some philosophical view.
Methodology can regard as a generalized description of the activities of a series of design

projects, together with a theory that explains why those projects were successful, and it may be
seen as an abstraction from good practice. A methodology is usually presented not as a description
but as a prescription, a recommendation that projects should follow the generalized task
structure.
Thus, methodology is the way on how to conduct research. It is used to a specific series of
steps or a procedure which governs the activities of analysis and design, a procedure used in
making systematic observations or otherwise obtaining data or information as part of a study.
Research Design
In this study, the researchers will use descriptive and developmental research to design,
development, and evaluation of the Online Class Scheduler with Email Notifier. The goals of this
research are to identify the problems encountered by the instructors, processes involved in the
use of traditional class record, functional and non-functional requirements of the proposal and to
test the usability of the developed Online Class Scheduler with Email Notifier. Developmental
research is the study of designing, developing and evaluating instructional programs, processes,
and products that meet the criteria of internal consistency and effectiveness. In the context of this
study, the scrum software methodology has been used to develop Online Class Scheduler with
Email Notifier.
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The researchers choose Rapid Application Development methodology for it focuses on building
the application in a short period of time and the developers can plan their work precisely. RAD
development is divided into several phases: (1) Requirements Planning, (2) User Design, (3)
Construction and (4) Cutover.
Figure 1 Rapid Application Development Phases
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Rapid Application Development has the following phases that are being applied in the
development of the proposed system.
Requirements Planning. The developers did a brainstorming for the possible productivity of the
system and also undertook a detailed look at the side place procedure of reservation and ordering
for the production of document and examination of their report for output requirements.
Interviewing and observing will also be employed by the developers within this phase in order to
gather relevant data that would be used in the future development of the system.
User Design. The objective of the USER DESIGN stage is to analyze in detail business activities
associated with the proposed system area; to analyze in detail the business data associated with
the proposed system
and area and to develop the system structure in terms of the manual functions that will include in
the system. During this phase, the datacollected in the Requirements Planning Phase will be
examined and analyzed in order to determine the design and functionalities of the proposed
system.
Construction. A prototype is going to be built using the software tools. The objectives of the
Construction stage are to complete the detailed design of the proposed system; to create and test
the software that implements the proposed system and to generate a system that operates an
acceptable level of performance.
After the design phase, the developers started to develop (coding) the structure of the proposed
system. Comments or suggestions are still open for the improvement of the system.
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Cutover. The objective of this stage is to install the system in production operation with minimal
disruption of normal business activity; to maximize the effectiveness of the system in supporting
the intended business activities and; to identify potential future enhancement. It is necessary to
implement the proposed system for a better service to the propect users.
Data Instumentation. These are the following tools that we userd to gather information about the
system.
Interview. This is a conversation between two people where questions are asked by the
interviewer to obtain information from the interviewee
Observtion. This is a way you look at things or when you look at something.
This was also conducted to determine the differnent behavior of the students and
researchers to perform and to understand the situation.
Prototyping. Prototyping is the process of building a model of a system. In terms of an information

system, protoypes are employed to help system designers build an inforamtion system that is
intuitive and easy to manipulate for end users. Prototyping is an iterative process because
preliminary design are given to the users and thes designs are evaluate if it meets the demand of
the users.
The process of prototyping was userd in the study. It was done to fully understand and
determine the need of the students and faculties in terms of the manner on how they use the
Online Class Scheduler and the demand of the school when it comes to managing the Schedule.
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Figure 2 Use Case Diagram
Online Class Scheduler with Email Notifier
View Schedule
Add, Edit,Delete
Schedule
View Schedule
Add User
Can Login
User
Manage and Display

Schedule
Admin
Access the Website
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Figure 3Entity Relationship Diagram
DEPARTMENT
PK Dept_ID
Dept_Name
SUBJECT EMPLOYEE
SECTION
PK Subj_ID PK Emp_ID
PK Sec_ID
Subj_Code Emp_Name
Sec_Name
Subj_Name Emp_Minitial
FK Sdept_ID
FK Subj_Dept_ID Emp_Lname
Emp_Email
Emp_Phone
FK FKDept_ID
ClassSchedule
PK Class_ID
Class_Semester
Class_AY ROOM
FK FKEmp_ID PK Room_ID
FK FKSec_ID Room_Name
FK FKRomm_ID FK Rdept_ID
FK FKSubj_ID
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Figure 4 Flow Chart
Start
Login as Login Login as

admin User
Proceed to Proceed to
Admin Area User Area
View Schedule View Schedule
Manage Schedule Logout
Access User Details
Logout End
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Figure 5Data Flow Diagram
Login as Admin Logout

Admin
Admin Area
Add
User
Viewing of User Edit

Schedule Details User
Delete
User
User
Schedule Add Schedule

Details
Login as
User Edit Schedule
Delete
User View User
Area Schedule
Logout
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PSU-Urdaneta Campus Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Thesis Chapter I Introduction

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PSU-Urdaneta Campus Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Thesis Chapter I Introduction

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Pangasinan State University – Urdaneta Campus

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

Background of the Study

now available over Internet in this age of advancement of technologies.

conversion of manually-operated system into automated system. Automation produces a great

machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures (Williams, 2012).

A scheduling system is usually a form of software that allows someone to construct

production time and costs.

the complexity is worsened by a decentralized preparation of schedule. In this approach, several

schedule preparation processes.

Pangasinan State University Urdaneta City Campus (PSU) as an educational institution

registered-student is forced to drop or change a course/subject enrolled due to change in the

operations be minimized and time and manpower be conserved.

Online. It is the condition of being connected to a network of computers or other devices.

Pangasinan State University Urdaneta Campus.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 the existing system

Figure1. Research paradigm of Online Class Scheduler System

Moreover, this research sought to address the following specific objectives:

2) To determine the functional and non-functional requirements of the proposed system;

4) To test the usability of the developed system in terms of:

Importance of the Study

be determined and addressed earlier.

Scope and Delimitation

would limit its scope to the following:

list and user account

courses, instructors, rooms and student information.

individual subject schedule.

enrollment for the first semester.

The instructors can view their schedules by using their accounts.

defined operationally and some conceptually in the study.

Automated system. Operating or controlling a process by highly automatic means, as by electronic

devices, reducing human intervention to a minimum.

resources and give some prioritization according to set rules.

Online – Controlled by or connected to another computer or to a network.

Email Notifier – is the act of telling someone something through Email.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Processes Used in Class Scheduler System

to be considered for a proper arrangement of morning and afternoon classes to be made. It is an

In general, the arrangement of a class schedule is by using pen-and-paper method. It is

Functional Requirements of Online Class Scheduling System

Functional requirements describe the features, functioning, and usage of a product,

should behave in particular situations. It is important to remember that functional requirements

be discovered through the requirements discovery process (Scheid, 2012).

Non-Functional Requirements of Online Class Scheduling System

Non-functional requirements Constraints on the services or functions offered by the

provide specific measurements that the software must meet.

System Development using RAD

methodology with minimum errors.

or sometimes even in place of design specifications. RAD is consists of the

Figure 2. Rapid Application Development

phases of the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC).

present the prototype of the application to the users.

data conversation, testing, changeover.

reducing development costs and maintaining quality.

50% faster and save tremendous amount of time and money.

has a bigger risk of being compromised.

Technology (NPCMST) Online class scheduling system. The institution

the process of searching, retrieving and viewing of subject schedules.

number as an input coming from users/viewer.

about their school.

This results for them to search more accurately and easy.