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FACULTAD DE INGENIERÌA

ESCUELA DE INGENIERÌA CIVIL

TEMA

DISEÑO DE UNA ZAPATA CENTRICA

ASIGNATURA
CONCRETO ARMADO II

DOCENTE TUTOR
MGTR. JOHANNA DEL CARMEN SOTELO

INTEGRANTES
MORENO CHAVEZ JUNIOR JOSE
SALDAÑA MURILLO MILLER
VARGAS SALDAÑA EVER
VILLANUEVA NAVARRO JHON

CHIMBOTE – PERÚ

2017
METRADO
DE CARGAS
PRIMER PISO

 Losa Aligerada 20 cm 300 kg/m2


 Viga Principal (0.20 x 0.40) m2
 Viga Secundaria (0.20 x 0.40) m2
 Columna �𝑟 2= �(0.20)2 0.126m2
 Sobrecarga 200 kg/m2
 Ladrillo 100 kg/m2
 Altura Columna 2.85m
Carga Muerta

 Peso Losa: 𝑷����=AT x 300 kg/m2


AT = (1.91x1.24) + (1.115x1.91) + (1.80x1.115) + (1.8x1.24) AT = 8.737 m2
𝑃����= 8.737x 300 kg/m2 𝑷����= 2621.1 kg

 Peso Viga Principal: Pvp = A x L x 𝜸���


Pvp = (0.2 x 0.40)�2 x (1.91+1.8) m x 2400
Pvp = 712.32 kg

3

 Peso Viga Secundaria: Pvs = A x L x 𝜸� Pvs = 452.16 kg


��
Pvs = (0.2 x 0.40)�2 x (1.24+1.115) m x 2400


3

 Peso Columna: Pc = A x L x
𝜸� �� Pc = 861.84 kg
Pc = (0.126 �2) x (2.85) x 2400


3
 Sobrecarga: SC = AT x S
��
S = [(1.91 + 0.40 + 1.8) x (1.24 + 0.40 + 1.115) ]�2 x 200
�� �
2
S = 11.323 �
2
x 200

S = 2264.4 kg �
2

 Ladrillo: Lad. = AT x 𝑷���


��
Lad. = 11.3233 �2
x 100
Lad. = 1132.3 kg

2

Carga muerta total del Primer Piso:

CM = 8044.32 kg 8.04 ton

Carga Viva
��
𝐶𝑉 = (AT-AC) x 200
1°�
𝑖�� �2
��
2239.4 kg = 2.24 ton

2

𝐶𝑉1°�𝑖��= (11.323 – 0.126) �2 x 200

SEGUNDO PISO

 Losa Aligerada 20 cm 300 kg/m2


 Viga Principal (0.20 x 0.40) m2
 Viga Secundaria (0.20 x 0.40) m2
 Columna �𝑟 2= �(0.20)2 0.126m2
 Sobrecarga 200 kg/m2
 Ladrillo 100 kg/m2
 Altura Columna 2.85m

 Peso Losa: 𝑷����=AT x 300 kg/m2


AT = (1.91x1.24) + (1.115x1.91) + (1.80x1.115) + (1.8x1.24) AT = 8.737 m2
𝑃����= 8.737x 300 kg/m2 𝑷����= 2621.1 kg

 Peso Viga Principal: Pvp = A x L x 𝜸�


2 ��
Pvp = (0.2 x 0.40)� x (1.91+1.8) m x 2400
Pvp = 712.32 kg

3

 Peso Viga Secundaria: Pvs = A x L x 𝜸� Pvs = 452.16 kg


��
Pvs = (0.2 x 0.40)�2 x (1.24+1.115) m x 2400


3

 Peso Columna: Pc = A x L x Pc = 861.84 kg


𝜸� ��
Pc = (0.126 �2) x (2.85) x 2400


3
 Sobrecarga: SC = AT x S
��
S = [(1.91 + 0.40 + 1.8) x (1.24 + 0.40 + 1.115) ]�2 x 200
�� �
2
S = 11.323 �
2
x 200

S = 2264.4 kg �
2

 Ladrillo: Lad. = AT x 𝑷���


��
Lad. = 11.3233 �2
x 100
Lad. = 1132.3 kg

2

Carga muerta total del Segundo Piso:

CM = 8044.32 kg 8.04 ton

Carga Viva
��
𝐶𝑉 = (AT-AC) x 200
2°�
𝑖�� �2
��
2239.4 kg = 2.24 ton

2
𝐶𝑉2°�𝑖��= (11.323 – 0.126) � x 200
2

TERCER PISO

 Losa Aligerada 20 cm 300 kg/m2


 Viga Principal (0.20 x 0.40) m2
 Viga Secundaria (0.20 x 0.40) m2
 Columna �𝑟 2= �(0.20)2 0.126m2
 Sobrecarga 200 kg/m2
 Ladrillo 100 kg/m2
 Altura Columna 2.55m

 Peso Losa: 𝑷����=AT x 300 kg/m2


AT = (1.91x1.24) + (1.115x1.91) + (1.80x1.115) + (1.8x1.24) AT = 8.737 m2
𝑃����= 8.737x 300 kg/m2 𝑷����= 2621.1 kg

 Peso Viga Principal: Pvp = A x L x 𝜸���


Pvp = (0.2 x 0.40)�2 x (1.91+1.8) m x 2400
Pvp = 712.32 kg

3

 Peso Viga Secundaria: Pvs = A x L x 𝜸� Pvs = 452.16 kg


��
Pvs = (0.2 x 0.40)�2 x (1.24+1.115) m x 2400


3
 Peso Columna: Pc = A x L x
𝜸� Pc = 771.12 kg
��
Pc = (0.126 �2) x (2.55) x 2400


3
 Sobrecarga: SC = AT x S
��
S = [(1.91 + 0.40 + 1.8) x (1.24 + 0.40 + 1.115) ]�2 x 200
�� �
2
S = 11.323 �
2
x 200

S = 2264.4 kg �
2

 Ladrillo: Lad. = AT x 𝑷���


��
Lad. = 11.3233 �2
x 100
Lad. = 1132.3 kg

2

Carga muerta total del Tercer Piso:

CM = 7953.6 kg 7.95 ton

Carga Viva
��
𝐶𝑉 = AT x 100
3°�
𝑖�� �2
��
1132.3 kg = 1.13 ton

2
𝐶𝑉3°�𝑖��= 11.323 � x 1002
CARGA MUERTA TOTAL:

𝐶𝑀1°�𝑖��= 8.04 ton

𝐶𝑀2°�𝑖��= 8.04 ton

𝐶𝑀3°�𝑖��= 7.95 ton


CMT = 24.03 ton
CARGA VIVA TOTAL:

𝐶𝑉1°�𝑖��= 2.24 ton

𝐶𝑉2°�𝑖��= 2.24 ton

𝐶𝑉3°�𝑖��= 1.13 ton


CVT = 5.61 ton

CARGA TOTAL: CMT + CVT

CT = 24.03 + 5.61 ton

CT = 29.04 ton
Carga Total

𝐶� = 𝐶��(1.4) + 𝐶��(1.7)

𝐶� = 24.03 (1.4) + 5.61 (1.7) 𝝆 𝐶�= 43.179 ton


𝝆
 Esfuerzo Normal: 𝝈= �=
� 𝝈
43.179 �
�� 43179 ��
A= A = 21590 ��2
2�
� �
/�2
2�
� �
/�2

A=�2 �2 = 21590 ��2 �= 146.94 ��


L = 1.5 m
Zapata 1.5m x 1.5m

Comprobación al vuelco: (M + V x h) Fs < (N + P)


N = 43.179 ton
M = 14.03 ton/m

 V = 6.5 ton P = a x b x c x 𝛾𝐶
���
H = 1.4 m P = (1.5 x 1.5 x 1.4)�3 x 2.4

3

a = 1.50 m P = 7.56 ton


b = 1.50 m
Fs = 1.5
���
𝛾 = 2.4
𝐶 �2
1.4
 [14.03 + (6.5 x 1.4)] 1.5 < (43.179 + 7.56)
2
34.695 < 35.52 “Si cumple”

Comprobación al desplazamiento: (N + P) tg 𝜽 (2/3) > Vfs


(43.179 + 7.56) tg 45° x 2/3 > 6.5 x 1.5
29.29 > 9.75 “Si cumple”
DISEÑO DE
ZAPATA
CENTRICA
Diseño de Zapata Aislada
Df = 1.5 m

𝜸�= 1.65 ton/m3 Columna circular: ∅ 40 cm

�/�= 0.2 ton/m2


12 ton/m2
𝝈�= 1.2 kg/cm2
PM = 24.03 ton
 PV = 5.61 ton

a) Esfuerzo Neto 𝝈�: 𝝈�= 𝝈�– 𝐬/𝐜 – (hf x 𝜸�)



�� ��
� �
��

2 – 0.2 �
𝜎�= 12 � 2–�(1.5
��
x 1.65) �2
𝜎 = 9.33
� 2

𝑷 +𝑷𝑴+𝑷���.
b) Área de la zapata: Az =
𝝈�

𝑷���. = (Pv + Pm) x 5% = (5.61 + 24.03) 0.05

𝑃���. = 1.48
(�
.��
+� � �
.�+�
� �
��.�)��

Az = �.�� Az = 3.34 m2

� 𝑻�+𝑻�
c) Hallando “T”: T = √��+ ( )

�1 = 0.4m

�.�+�.�
�2 = T = √�. ��+ ( ) T = 1.83m


0.4m
𝑻�+𝑻�
d) Hallando “S”: S = √��- ( )

0.4+0.4
S = √3.34 - ( ) S = 1.83m

2
e) Comprobando: Az = S x T
S = 2m + �2 = 2m + 0.40
T = 2m + �1 = 2m + 0.40
Az = S x T

3.34 = (2m + 0.4) (2m + 0.4)

3.34 = 4�2+ 0.8m + 0.8m + 0.16


4�2 + 1.16m – 3.18 =
0 m = 0.72 ≈ 0.75
S = 2(0.75) + 0.4 = 1.90m

T = 2(0.75) + 0.4 = 1.90m

 Dimensionamiento del peralte “d” de la Zapata


1.2 WD + 1.6 WL A.C.I
Vc > Vact
∑�
���
���
���
𝒊� �
𝒊����
Wu =
��
1.2(24.03)+1.6(5.61) ���
Wu = 1.9 �1.9
⇒ Wu = 10.47 �2
�−�
 Vact = Wu x ( )

0.75−�
Vact = 10.47 x ( )

Cortante: ∅ = 0.85
* Vc = ∅ 𝑥 0.53 𝑥 √𝐹′𝐶

0.53 x √210
Vc = 0.85�x��
Vc = 65.3


2

Se sabe: Vc ≥ Vact
Entonces procedemos a igualar:
0.75−�
65.3 = 10.47 x ( )


65.3 d = 7.85 – 10.47 d
75.77 d = 7.85
d = 0.10m
Diseño de cortante por Punzamiento: Escogeremos el menor valor de Vc

a) Vc ≤ ∅ x 0.27 (2 + )√𝑭′�
�� 4
Vc ≤ 0.85 x 0.27 x (2 +
)
𝜶 1 √210 = 19.95 kg/cm2 =199.5 Tn/m2
b) Vc ≤ ∅ x 0.27 x (


+ �)√𝑭′�
c) Vc ≤ ∅ x 1.1 x √𝑭′�

Vc ≤ 0.85 x 1.1 x √210 = 13.55 kg/cm2 = 135.5Tn/m2


Se escogerá: Vc = 13.55 kg/cm2

���

𝑉�𝑡 = = �
� [��(2�
2�� −(�
+�
+� 1)(�
1+�2)+�
2)]
���
𝐴��
��.
Vc = Vact
10.47 [1.9 �1.9−(�+0.4)(�+0.4)]
135.5 ton/m2 =
2�(2�+0.4+0.4)

135.5 (4�2 + 1.6d) = 10.47 [3.61 – (�2 + 0.4d + 0.4d + 0.16)]

542 �2 + 216.8d = 37.80 – 10.47�2 – 8.38d – 1.68

552.47�2 + 225.18d – 36.12 = 0


D = 0.12m

Hay 2 valores de “d”:

d = 0.10m
d = 0.12m

Según el reglamento del ACI nos dice que el máximo a utilizar de peralte en una zapata
es 15cm, de tal forma estamos en lo correcto y procederemos a trabajar con el peralte
obtenido mayor que es 12 cm

Comprobando:

Diseño de Corte por Flexión:


Vc = 65.3 ton/m2
(�
−�)
 Vact = Wu

(�.��−�.��)
Vact = 10.47 x = 54.97 ton/m2

�.��
Vc > Vact 65.3 ton/m2 > 54.97 ton/m2 (SI CUMPLE)

Diseño de Corte por Punzamiento:

bo = 2 x [2(0.12) + 0.40 + 0.40] = 2.08 m2


Ap = bo x d = 2.08 x 0.4 = 0.25 m2

 𝛼�= 40 Zapata Céntrica


Hallamos Vc:
4
a) Vc ≤ 0.85 x 0.27 x (2 +
) √210 = 199.5 ton/m2
1

b) Vc ≤ 0.85 x 1.1 x √210 = 135.4 ton/m2


Tomaremos el menor valor de Vc = 135.4 ton/m2.

Hallamos Vact:

Vact = Wu x [S x T – (d + T1) (d + T2)

Vact = 10.47 [1.9 x 1.9 – (0.12 + 0.4) (0.12 + 0.4)]

Vact = 34.97 ton

Vc > Vact 135.4 ton/m2 > 37.97 ton/m2 (SI CUMPLE)

Por último:


���


������ ��

=

� ��
.� �� �
��


������ �
.���� ⇒ 16.81 �

=
Verificación por Cortante: (d = 0.12)

Vdv = (Wu x S) (m – d) ⇒ (10.47 x 1.90) (0.75 – 0.12)


Vdv = 12.53 ton

��� 12.53
Vn = =
∅ 0.75
Vn = 16.71 ton
Vn = 0.53 √𝑭′�x S x d
0.53√210 x 1.90 x 0.12 x 10 = 17.51 ton

Vc > Vn ⇒ 17.51 > 16.71 (SI CUMPLE)


Chequeo por flexión:

��� 12.53
Vn = =
∅ 0.75
Vn = 16.71 ton

Wu

M
m


Mmax = Wu x m x m/2 = 2

2 𝑥�
10.47 �0.75 2
Mmax =
x 1.90 = 5.60 tn/m 5.60 x 105 kg/cm
2

Interacción Asumimos ==== a=
Cuando d = 0.12
5
��𝑎 a= 𝐴����
As = ∅�
� (�

)
2 0.85 ��′���
5.60 �10 5
* As = 0.90 �4200 (12−2.4) = 13.72 cm2
2
13.72 �4200
*a= = 1.69 cm
0.85 �210 � 190
2da interacción asumiendo a= 1.69

5.60 �10 5
* As = 0.90 �4200 (12−1.69 = 13.28 cm2
)
2
13.28 �4200
*a= = 1.64 cm
0.85 �210 � 190
5.60 �10 5
* As = 0.90 �4200 (12−1.64
)
= 13.25 cm2 OK
2
13.25 �4200
*a= = 1.64 cm
0.85 �210 � 190
Verificación del acero mínimo:

Asmin = �𝑡��𝑝 𝑥 �𝑥 �=0.0018 x 190 x 40 = 4.104 cm2


Trabajaremos con el As mínimo para obtener mayor cantidad de varillas.
Acero Longitudinal

Asumimos: ∅ = 1/2" A∅ = 1.27 ��2


𝐴� 13.25
N= ⇒
𝐴∅ 1.27 ⇒ 10.43 ≈ �
���
� �
𝒊���
Espaciamiento:

�−��− ∅ ���−�(�.�)−�,��
S= ⇒ ⇒ 17.37 cm

−� ��−�

Se usará: 11 ∅ ½” @ 17 cm
Acero Transversal:
1.90
As = 13.25 x = 13.25 cm2
1.90
13.30
N =
1.27 ⇒ 10.50 ≈ � ��
�� �
𝒊���
 S = 17 cm
Se usará: 11 ∅ ½” @ 17 cm
Detalle de zapata en planta:
Detalle de zapata en corte:
Diseño de Zapata Aislada
Df = 1.5 m

𝜸�= 2.10 ton/m3 Columna cuadrada: 30x60c��

��/� = 0.5 ton/m2


𝝈�= 3.5 kg/cm2 35 ton/m2
𝑭 = ���kg/cm2
𝑭 = ����kg/cm2
 WD(CM) = 190 ton
 WL(CV) = 75 ton

1.-Determiando
a) Esfuerzo Netoel𝝈�
Dimensionamiento
: 𝝈� = 𝝈�– 𝐖𝐬/𝐜 en ��)
Planta
– (𝜸x

�� ��
� �
��

2 – 0.5 �
𝜎�= 35 � 2 – (2.10 �
3 x 1.5m)
���
𝜎 = 31.35
� 2

𝑷 +𝑷𝑴+𝑷���.
b) Área de la zapata: Az =
𝝈�

𝑷���. = (Pv + Pm) x 5% = (190 + 75) 0.05

𝑃���. = 13.25

(��+��+��
� ��
.�
� )��

Az = ��.��



Az = 8.88 �
Az = S x T………..(1)

Comprobando: Az = S x T

S
T== 2m
2m +
+ b𝑡 =
= 2(1.27
2(1.27 +
+ 0.60)
0.30) =
= 2.85m
3.15m
Az = S x T

8.88 = (2m + 0.30) (2m + 0.60)

8.88 = 4�2+ 1.20m + 0.60m + 0.18


4�2 + 1.80m – 8.70 = 0
+
- b √�2 − 4��


2a

m = 1.27 OK

m = -1.71

Ecuación(1):

Az = 2.85m x 3.15m


Az = 8.98 �
2. Dimensionamiento del peralte: corte y flexión
1.2 WD + 1.6 WL A.C.I

d
Vact < 𝑉
d
d d
Wu

Wu=Carga
Ultima Mayora
d m-d
m

Carga Ultima Mayorada (Wu):


∑�
���
���
���
𝒊� �
𝒊����
Wu =
��
1.2(190)+1.6(75) ���
Wu = ⇒ Wu = 38.75
�.���� �
2

Cortante Actuante:(Vact)
�−�
 Vact = Wu x ( )


Cortante: ∅ = 0.85
* Vc = ∅ 𝑥 0.53 𝑥 √𝐹′𝐶

Vc = 0.85 x 0.53 x √210


��� ��
Vc = 65.3 = 6.53

2


�2

Se sabe: Vact <

𝑉
Entonces igualando nos queda:
1.27−�
65.3 = 38.75 x ( )


65.3 d = 49.21 – 38.75 d
104.05 d = 49.21
d = 0.47m

3) CHEQUEO DE CORTE POR PUNZONAMIENTO:

Escogeremos el menor valor de Vc



a) Vc ≤ ∅ x 0.27 (2 + )√𝑭′�
�� 4
Vc ≤ 0.85 x 0.27 x (2 +
)
2 √210 = 13.30 kg/cm2
���������
Bc= ≤2

� �����
� � + �)√𝑭′�
0.60
Bc= =2 OK
0.30
𝜶
b) Vc ≤ ∅ x 0.27 x (

c) Vc ≤ ∅ x 1.1 x

√𝑭′�

2 2
Vc ≤ 0.85 x 1.1 x √210 = 13.55 kg/c�=135.5 Tn/�
Se escogerá: Vc = 13.30 kg/cm2

���

𝑉�𝑡 = = �
� [��(2�
2�� −(�
+�
+� 1)(�
1+�2)+�
2)]
���
𝐴��
��.
38.75 [2.85 �3.15−(�+0.60)(�+0.30)]
135.5 ton/m2 =
2�(2�+0.60+0.30)

135.5 (4�2 + 1.8d) = 38.75 [8.98 – (�2 + 0.3d + 0.6d + 0.18)]


542 �2 + 243.9d = 347.97 – 38.75�2 – 34.87d – 6.97
580.75�2 + 278.77d – 341 = 0
+
- b √�2 − 4��


2a

Hay 2 valores de “d”:

 d = 0.60m ok tomamos el mayor


d = 0.47m

Según el reglamento del ACI nos dice que el máximo a utilizar de peralte en una zapata
es 15cm; por tal motivo los datos obtenidos están en lo adecuado, pero procederemos a
utilizar a lo que se utiliza normalmente en Perú de 40 a 50 cm “altura de peralte”.

Comprobando:

Diseño de Corte por Flexión:


Vc = 65.3 ton/m2
(�
−�)
 Vact = Wu

(�.��−�.��)
Vact = 38.75 x = 43.27 ton/m2
�.��

Vact ≤ 𝑉 43.27 ton/m2 < 65.3 ton/m2 (SI CUMPLE)


Diseño de Corte por Punzamiento:

bo = 2 x [2(0.6) + 0.60 + 0.30] = 4.2m


Ap = bo x d = 4.2 x 0.6 = 2.52 m

 𝛼�= 40 Zapata Céntrica


Determinando Vc:
4
d) Vc ≤ 0.85 x 0.27 x (2 +
) √210 x 420 x 60 = 335.23 ton
2
40 �60
e) Vc ≤ 0.85 x 0.27 x ( + 2) √210 x 420 x 60 = 646.53 ton
420

f) Vc ≤ 0.85 x 1.1 x √210 x 420 x 60 = 341.44 ton


Tomaremos el menor valor de Vc = 335.23ton.

Hallamos Vact:

Vact = Wu x [S x T – (d + T1) (d + T2)


Vact = 38.75 [2.85 x 3.15 – (0.6 + 0.6) (0.6 + 0.3)]

Vact = 30.6 ton

Vc > Vact 335.23 ton > 30.06 ton (SI CUMPLE)

Por último:

���


������ ��

=

� ��
.� �� �
��


������ �.���
⇒ 7.15 �

=
4.-Verificación por Cortante: (d = 0.6)

Vdu = (Wu x S) (m – d) ⇒ (38.75 x 2.85) (1.27 – 0.60)


Vdu = 73.99 ton

��� 73.99
Vn = =
∅ 0.75
Vn = 98.66 ton OK

Vc = 0.53 √𝑭′�x S x d

0.53√210 x 2.85 x 0.60 x 10 = 131.3 ton

Vc > Vn ⇒ 131.3 Tn > 98.66 Tn (SI CUMPLE)


5) Chequeo por flexión:

��� 73.99
Vn = =
∅ 0.75
Vn = 98.66 ton

Wu

M
m


Mmax = Wu x m x m/2 = 2

2 𝑥�
38.75 �1.27 2
Mmáx =
2 8.90 x 105 kg/cm
x 2.85 = 89.06 tn/m 


𝑎 a = 𝐴����
As = ∅ �
� (�

)
2 0.85 ��′���
5
89.06 �10
* As = 0.90 �4200 (60−60) = 43.63 cm2
10
43.63 �4200
*a= = 3.6 cm
0.85 �210 � 2.85
Repetimos el cálculo con los nuevos valores obtenidos:

89.06 �10 5
* As = 0.90 �4200 (60−3.6) = 40.48 cm2
2
40.48 �4200
*a= = 3.34 cm
0.85 �210 � 2.85
6.- Verificación del acero mínimo:

Asmin = �𝑡��𝑝 𝑥 �𝑥 �=0.0018 x 285 x 60 = 30.78 cm2


Acero Longitudinal
Usamos As= 40.48 cm2

Asumimos: ∅ = 3/4" A∅ = 2.85 ��2


𝐴� 40.48
N= ⇒
𝐴∅ ⇒ 14.20 ≈ �
2.85 �� �
� �
𝒊���
Calculamos el Espaciamiento:

�−��− ∅ ���−�(�.�)−�.��
S= ⇒ ⇒ 20.62 cm

−� ��−�

Se usará: 14 ∅ 3/4" @ 21 cm
Acero Transversal:
� 3.15
As = As x = 40.48 x = 44.74 cm2
� 2.85

𝐴�= �𝑡��𝑝 𝑥 �𝑥 �= 0.0018 𝑥 3.15 𝑥 60 = 34.02 cm2


Asmin
N= 44.74

𝐴∅ 2.85 = 15.69 ≈ �
���
� �
𝒊���
Calculamos el Espaciamiento:

𝑻−��− ∅ ���−�(�.�)−�.��
S= ⇒ ⇒ 19.87 cm

−� ��−�

Se usará: 16 ∅ 3/4" @ 20 cm
Detalle de zapata en planta:


16 ∅3/4"@�𝐜𝐦

14 ∅ 3/4" @ 21 cm


16 ∅3/4"@�𝐜𝐦

14 ∅ 3/4" @ 21 cm

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