Preliminary Stage

Sounds that Change in from to

(glottal stop)
The
to of letter main concern.
Name Transliteration Guide to Pronunciation Meaning
of letter . pronunciation .
answer food
big bint
table dressing table
think
thaa'haa'
shoes
equivalent
no
deer wolf
there masculine
rest picnic
zero customer
, ,
semi poison ,

Sunday
Duck
Sabuun
Dahr back
I
I I
Taa' Tough fresh

no equivalent
I
no equivalent
fool
come dictionary
, ,
kettle book

J 1
b . meat
moon mum r

n never number
baa' h
wasp
Note:
is also called a glottal stop and it should precede all vowels when they at the
beginning of the word. In Arabic it may appear anywhere in the word beginning,
middle or end, or even, doubled.
- -
8 A are in modern standard Arabic only .
.
.

have no equivalent English

dupe to one sound. The idea of combining two to describe one

sound does not in Arabic. Ex. sh .
S, D, and have no exact equivalent in they the emphatic
version of the s, d, t and

How to produce the sounds

H sounds like a very emphatic (just imagine you have swallowed a spoonful of the
hottest imaginable)

more guttural than its Scotch or German cousin (it is better to exaggerate
rather under emphasize the aspect) ex.

(peculiarity of the Semitic language) = to gag. constricting the of the larynx

so that the How of air through the throat is choked off (the voiced version of
it is the sound produced when gargling (similar to the very strongly rolled Parisian r).

How to the sounds

To the glottal stop a complete closure of the vocal cords is
where compression of air is composed then a sudden blow of the air is produced.
The Q like the normal K except that it is produced when the tongue is very far back
in the throat roof of the mouth.
The more rolled than in English.
The not it is in
The 'a' sound, that is as a vowel, is sometimes due to word context, as in:
Arabic (mouse) (axe)
 Greeting Formulas
A. Good morning
B. innuur Good morning

A. Good evening
B. innuur Good evening

A. How are you

B. Good
Thanks be to God

A. Good night
B. w inti min ahlu and you too

ahlan Hi
ahlan (w sahlan) Hi

ahlan w welcome
ahlan biik welcomed by you

Hello
Hello (welcome)

Good bye
ssalaama) Good bye (with safety)
Allah ik May God preserve you

ssalaama Thanks be to God for preservation

Allah (said on: arrival from travelling,
recovered from sickness saved from bad
event ex.

w Many happy returns

w you, too
 Common Phrases and Expressions

A. mabruuk Congratulations (may it blessed)

B. yibaarik May God bless you
A. Thanks
B. welcome
A. aasif
B. Never mind
Excuse me (said on dismissing
You may (go on)
Take what you for
Take what I am offering
A. min ik If you please excuse me
A. law ( ) If you please excuse me
If God wills
Thanks be to God

a a y i z (a) (a) I want (f) 1don't want

(a) (a) I know ( f ) don't know ( f )
(a) (a) I understand don't understand ( f )
(a) (a) ....
I live don't live .......
Possible impossible
May I? Can I?
mafii There is there isn't
I have 1don't have

Yes course
la' True
bass a Never
a Enough + never)
i OK the time
Also/ too Isn't it so?
Incredible/ its crazy
Right bi Slowly
Correct
Wrong What a pity
sawa Together none of
Little by little What is the matter with
means No problem
I. Question words?

inti What your

ana

you

ana .........................
lob
ana
did
Res: ana

much is the
t water?
b

aan
, a ? Which are you in?

ana

questions?

la9,

inti
aywa, I*',
questions and identified intonation only. The question
has a rising has a falling pitch.
 I. Numbers .
Teens Units

itneen

xamsiin i 0
xamsa o

tamaniin tamanya

pound I
I
quarter of a pound
w
half a pound

Note: The word means piaster, is used from 3-10

3 piasters 10 piasters

New Vocabulary
Transliteration

(money or otherwise)

how much (money)

the bill account

 The Arabic Alphabet

Note: The red line represents the iine on under which the part of the letter should go.
 Characteristics of the Arabic

1. Many letters have the same shapes and the distinction is made only by the use of dots.

There is a great conformity in shape the letter when it appears at the

beginning and when it appears at the when it appears at the beginning(or in
the middle) the bottom part only is deleted.

Most of the letters have 3 forms, differing according to their location in the
word, how they are joined with the other letters

repeated consonant is not written twice, rather is put on the letter instead.

There are 6 letters that cannot be connected to the following letters, but could be
connected to the preceding ones only.
9
6. The Arabic language makes a clear distinction between masculine and feminine
The feminine nouns are identified by the at the end.

7. There a letter that different shapes, even when it is in the same

stop)

8. There are four letters that are (emphatic sounds) and they correspond to
their (non-emphatic sounds), such as:

Emphatic sounds

Non-emphaticsounds

There sounds (letters) in the Arabic language, 2 of which are considered semi-
vowels because they can take both roles (consonant and vowel). these two sounds
are produced then they are consonants and not vowels.

10. In the is read colloquial, except for few words such as:

11. The when by appears such ,or if hand written.

, j, are loaned letters and written such

 General Rules for the Arabic

1. There is a great deal of conformity between the letter and its sound. Almost word
is written as it is pronounced. There is no opposition to be mentioned in
such opposition may occur; beard, heard, bird).

2. Each letter should be emphasized or pronounced The notion of letters

not exist in the Arabic language, example: doing

3. There is no capital letter.

4. There is no verb "to in Arabic ex. the and the

past tense

5. Writing is from right to left: the opposite of all Latin languages.

6. The Arabic letters are by having ligatures that for connecting them
together and therefore, this point, there are no clear cut differences between the
written words and the printed ones.

The occurrence of 3 consonants is not by any means. Any circumstances that

may result with three consonants (as in the addition of and a vowel
must be inserted right before the or right after the inserted is in
most cases the sound.

8. Arabic language writing depends on the cursive connecting system.

What appears in writing is the consonants and the

vowels appear in the dictionaries and books.

10. Punctuation is not consistent and most writings neglect its The stop appears
mainly to separate paragraphs. The most commoniy used the stop, comma
and question mark.
 Consonants and

The Arabic language has 28 consonants (or sounds) 2 of are semi-

These consonants may occur in the three beginning, middle and/or end.
 Y
Q

Yo

Note:
In this stage, focusing should only be on the shape of the letter as it appears in each
location (beginning, middle and end). Reading or meaning is not necessary in this stage.

All letters at the beginning or middle, are supposed to be written on the line except for

they go down the line no matter what their position is.

Letters that have upper and bottom parts.

This bottom part is lifted up on the line when they occur at the beginning or middle and the
bottom part appears again only when they occur at the end.

Note: The upper are repeated again. Please see end of the book to see how
they can be used to help in reading.
 Vowels .
Short
(I)

There 3 short vowels : and

the expressed by (corresponding sound)

expressed by (corresponding sound)

the is expressed by (corresponding to sound)

Note: that any letter or sound.

Every or consonant must one of short

Example: (ba bi bu)

If any of the ktters does not have any of these vowels that means it is a no vowel
situation and the letter appears with a on top of i t
0
the is expressed by
Example:
short not part of appear the
letter with the.

Read:

A consonant Is not written twice, rather a r instead. Thus

the indicates 2 consonants, the first consonant always takes a sound and
of the 3 with the second consonant. If the short
a it is put under it.
.

, .
 (B) Vowels
There 3 long
\ (corresponding to aa sound)
The (corresponding to sound)

The (corresponding to sound)

p u t of the word and therefore they appear within the word itself.
are only used to extend the produced period of the short vowel. Each vowel has its
counterpart long that is, if be extended or made longer it should be
followed by a long vowel or and the only possible is similarly the f aw n ,

takes and the takes

Example: (baa
Read:

Semi vowels

Like in English ( and are Semi vowels. If they areproduced then they are
consonants.
. Example: yam wind

If they are not produced then they are vowels.

.
Example: Example: ke

Note:
Each has options in regard to vowel production. For example:
Short Long vowels
. b
4 4
but bar band

b b

bit bat beer bait

b b
4 4
book boss boot boat
 Masculine and Feminine
In Arabic, it is a major factor to make a distinction between masculine and feminine
words.

I. The Indefinite words

--

Each word indicates one item only. There is no indefinite article .

Example: a student (one student only/ masculine)

a word (one word feminine)

Rule (2)
Arabic has no verb to be

Eventually, and are respectively masculine and feminine (demonstrative pronoun)

English, this
Example: This is a book.

This is a picture.

Note:
The STRESS is usually on the next to the last of the word, unless it is attracted
by either a long vowel or two consonants at the end.
I
Example: long vowel
I
Two consonants at the end
(a) Masculine (indefinite)
(b) Feminine (indefinite)

(A)
Example:
(a box)

box of jam)

(a box of of apple)
Exception:
Some feminine words do not end with
Example:
sun ground

hand head

(feminine by definition) woman

Note:
AH animate plurals are referred to as

Example:

All animate plurals mas.) are referred to as

0

* Example:

T encourages S to guess the singular of these plurals.

 Exercises

Read say or ( ,

- - -

What ?

Who?

Look at the picture & ask

2 . The definite words .
All previously mentioned indefinite' words can be made definite by the addition of the
article

the is attached the of the it makes it definite the

Example:

If word
Wick

Note: the could work both sides influenced by the

Exercises
 Exercises
(I)
Write for sentence and for phrase

Note: Gender agreement between the noun and its adjective.

New Vocabulary
Clever

cheap

responsible tired

difficult

busy
 .

The addition of a suffix (in this u s e the

. .
vowel (usually for

Read and negate (

(issue

.A .

Check mentioned sentence ( )

and make sentences

teacher mentions one in each item and it.

Listen and repeat

Vocabulary
Short Red

Big Green

Blue

Yellow

White

Expensive Black

Note: (light), (dark) and (bright) are only for