ECE 526 – S05 ECE 526 – S05

Protection of Power Systems II Protection of Power Systems II

• Text
• Richard Wall - GJL 203 – Computer Based Power System Protection, Wall and
• Phone: (208) 885-7226 or (800) 824-2889, ext 7226 Roberts
http://www.ee.uidaho.edu/ee/classes/ECE526-
• rwall@uidaho.edu
S05/text/text.htm
• FAX: (208) 885-6981 – Art and Science of Protective Relaying, Mason
• Office Hours: MWF 12:30-2:00pm http://www.geindustrial.com/pm/notes/artsci/
• Web site:
– http://www.ece.uidaho.edu/ee/classes/ECE526S05/index.htm
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ECE 526 – S05 ECE 526 – S05

Protection of Power Systems II Protection of Power Systems II
• Requirements
• Grading: – Background
– Homework 10% • Basic three phase analysis
– Midterm Project #1: 30% • Laplace and Z transforms
– Midterm Project #2: 30% • Fundamentals of protection
– Final Project: 30% – Software
A = 90 -100%, B = 80 – 89%, • Matlab or Mathcad
C= 70 – 79%, D = 60 – 69%, • Line constant program (provided on course WEB
site)
F = below 59%
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 ECE 526 – S05 ECE 526 – S05
Protection of Power Systems II Protection of Power Systems II
• Reading assignments:
• Review of basic concepts – http://www.selinc.com/techpprs/6017.pdf
• Power System Instrumentation – Mason – Chapter 1
• The protection of Lines and Circuits – Wall & Roberts – Chapter 1
• Fault Identification
• Fault Location
• Power Line Configurations
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ECE 526 – S05

Philosophy of Protection
Protection of Power Systems II
• Goals
• What is a relay? – Protect
– Legacy relays • Public Safety
• Electro-mechanical (1900 – present) • Equipment protection
– Single function and mission • Power system integrity
• Discrete digital and analog electronics (1970 – • Power quality
1990) – Clear as quickly as economically possible
– Multi function but single mission
– Isolate faults - requirements
– Modern relays (1982 to present)
• Control
• Computer based
– Multi function and mission • Instrumentation

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 Philosophy of Protection Philosophy of Protection
• Protection System Management • Protection System Management,
– Protection Quality continued
• instrumentation distortion – Economics of Protection
• control failures • Capitol cost
• relay equipment failures • Operating costs
• incorrect relay settings • Life time costs
– Continuous Improvement
• Changing requirements
• Data analysis

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Philosophy of Protection Philosophy of Protection

• Control – Breakers
• Performance measures
• Instrumentation – PTs and CTs
– Sensitivity
• Resolution • Elements of a typical power system
• Precision
• Accuracy R R

– Reliability R
A C
R

• Redundancy G E
R R
F LOAD

• Backup protection B D
• Diversity (overlapping protection zones) BUS S BUS R

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 Philosophy of Protection Direction of Protection
• Protection zones • Secure and dependable operations
– Zone 1: Forward – Never overreach remote terminal
– Zone 2: Forward – Overreaches remote terminal • Multi-function devices
– Zone 3: Reverse – Blocks remote, backup protection – Oscillography:
• high bandwidth == high sample rates
• High storage capacity
R R R R

– Fault location and identification

A C
R R R R

G E R R R R
F LOAD – Combining protection with other station
B D automation functions

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Direction of Protection Direction of Protection

• http://pm.geindustrial.com/FAQ/Documents/750_760/GER-3660.pdf
• Hardware Î Software: Shorter Life Cycles

What now determines reliability?

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 Direction of Protection Direction of Protection
Allocation of design effort
• Points to ponder
for µP based relays. – How has relay design changed in the past 20
years? (hardware vs software design tools)
– How has relay testing changed over this time
period?
• Observability
• Criteria for assessment
– How has protection design changed?
• Need to support wider base of technologies
Major issue • Programmability (remotely and adaptive)

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