18.6.2018.

UsingTechnical Instructions for the Safe transport of

Dangerous Goods by Air (Doc 9284 AN/905)

Unit 4
Packing
Requirements

Unit 4 1

Packing Requirements
GOAL OF UNIT 4
After study of this unit, the student should be able to evaluate
whether dangerous goods have been packed in accordance
with the provisions of Part 4 and Part 6 of the Instructions.
With reference to the Instructions, the student will be able to:
 state when a word or term has a definition unique to the
Instructions;
 state the meaning of the packaging codes used in the
Instructions;
 state where to find packaging and performance tests
requirements of the various types of packagings
Unit 4 2

Packing Requirements

GOAL OF UNIT 4 (continued)

 demonstrate how to use the information in the Dangerous
Goods List—Table 3-1 to identify specific packing
instructions;
 demonstrate how to extract information from the packing
instructions;
 demonstrate how to assign the general packing
requirements to any given packaging;
 demonstrate how to interpret the prescribed marking
requirements for packagings, other than inner packagings;

Unit 4 3

1
 18.6.2018.

Packing Requirements

GOAL OF UNIT 4 (continued)

 demonstrate how to pack compatible dangerous goods
together in the same outer packaging; and
 demonstrate how to choose the most appropriate
packagings for a dangerous goods article or substance

Unit 4 4

Packing Requirements
4;1.1.1 Dangerous goods must be packed in good quality packagings,
which must be strong enough to withstand the shocks and loadings
normally encountered during transport, including removal from a pallet,
unit load device or overpack for subsequent manual or mechanical
handling.
Packagings must be constructed and closed so as to prevent any loss of
contents when prepared for transport, which may be caused under
normal conditions of transport, by vibration, or by changes in
temperature, humidity or pressure (resulting from altitude, for example).
Packagings (including inner packagings and receptacles) must be closed
in accordance with the information provided by the manufacturer.
No dangerous residue must adhere to the outside of packages during
transport. These provisions apply, as appropriate, to new, reused,
reconditioned or re-manufactured packagings.
Unit 4 5

Packing Requirements

Unit 4 6

2
 18.6.2018.

Packing Requirements

Unit 4 7

Packing Requirements

Unit 4 8

Packing Requirements

Unit 4 9

3
 18.6.2018.

Packing Requirements

Unit 4 10

Packing Requirements

1. Words, terms and codes used with respect to packagings;

Part 1;3, Part 4; Introductory Notes, and Part 6;1
2. Manufacturing requirements for the various types of
packagings, Part 6;1 and 6;3, and the packaging
performance tests, Part 6;4
3. Information in the Dangerous Goods List—Table 3-1 and
the packing instructions found in Part 4
4. General packing requirements relate to the chosen
packaging Part 4;1 and 4;2
5. Prescribed markings for the packagings Part 6;2

Unit 4 11

Packing Requirements

1. Words, terms and codes used with respect to packagings;

Part 1;3, Part 4; Introductory Notes, and Part 6;1

The definitions for words and terms used in the Instructions

are primarily found in Part 1;3, but may be located in other
parts to assist in the understanding of that part.
This is true for the packing requirements.
Part 1;3 provides the majority of the definitions relevant to the
packing activity, but additional definitions are also found in Part
4; Introductory Notes.

Unit 4 12

4
 18.6.2018.

EXERCISE 4-1

Unit 4 13

EXERCISE 4-1

Unit 4 14

EXERCISE 4-1

Unit 4 15

5
 18.6.2018.

EXERCISE 4-1

Unit 4 16

EXERCISE 4-1

Unit 4 17

EXERCISE 4-1

Unit 4 18

6
 18.6.2018.

EXERCISE 4-1

Unit 4 19

EXERCISE 4-1

Unit 4 20

EXERCISE 4-2

Unit 4 21

7
 18.6.2018.

EXERCISE 4-2

Unit 4 22

EXERCISE 4-2

Unit 4 23

EXERCISE 4-2

Unit 4 24

8
 18.6.2018.

EXERCISE 4-3

Unit 4 25

EXERCISE 4-3

Unit 4 26

EXERCISE 4-3

Unit 4 27

9
 18.6.2018.

EXERCISE 4-3

Unit 4 28

Codes – Part 6;1

 Codes consisting of letters and numbers provide an

internationally recognized short form description for each
type of inner and outer packagings in air transport.
 For example, instead of writing out “steel drums, non-
removable head” in full, the shorter form or code for this
type of packaging is “1A1”.
 Codes for packagings, other than inner packagings,
used in both the packing instructions in Part 4 and in the
marking requirements, Part 6;2.

Unit 4 29

Codes – Part 6;1

NUMBER (only where
necessary) The third entry in
NUMBER
CAPITAL LETTER the code only appears where
Describes the kind of
Describes the material (6;1.2.6) there is further information
packagings (6;1.2.5)
as to the kind of packagings
(6;1.2.2)
1 = Drum A = Steel (all types and surface For example:
2 = Reserved treatments) 1A1 – “1” denotes a drum, “A”
3 = Jerrican B = Aluminium indicates it is steel, and
4 = Box C = Natural wood D = Plywood “1” indicates it has a non-
5 = Bag F = Reconstituted wood removable head
6 = Composite G = Fibreboard 4H1 – “4” denotes a box,
packagings H = Plastic material L = Textile “H” indicates it is a plastic
M = Paper, multiwall material, and “1” indicates it Is
N = Metal (other than steel or expanded plastic.
aluminium)
P = Glass, porcelain or stoneware

Unit 4 30

10
 18.6.2018.

Table 6-2.

Table 6-2. of the Instructions lists the code for each type of
packaging, other than inner packagings, and links each to their
respective packaging requirements in Part 6.
For example, adjacent to the entry for “Fibre drums”, you will
find the code 1G and the reference to the related construction
and design requirements in 6;3.1.6.
Code and,
Maximum Maximum net
where
Paragraph capacity mass
Kind applicable,
(L) (kg)
category
1G
Fibre drum Non-removable 6;3.1.6 450 400
head
Unit 4 31

EXERCISE 4-4

Unit 4 32

EXERCISE 4-4

Unit 4 33

11
 18.6.2018.

Letters T or U or V or W

The letters T or U or V or W may also follow the packaging,

other than inner packaging code (6;1.2.7).
They indicate the following:
 T a salvage packaging (6;4.8)
 U a special packaging (6;6.4)
 V a special packaging (6;4.1.7)
 W it is considered equivalent to the design type.
(6;1.1.2)

Unit 4 34

Inner Packagings – 6;1.3

Table 6-3 contains an index of inner packaging codes and

lists the paragraph number which contains the requirements
for inner packagings together with, where applicable,
individual performance tests (e.g. aerosols).
For example:
Code Kind Paragraph
IP.1 Earthenware, glass or wax 6;3.2.1

The letters IP. indicate “inner packaging” and the number

indicates the kind of inner packaging.

Unit 4 35

Inner Packagings – 6;1.3

6;3.2.1 Packagings must be well constructed.

The materials of which these packagings and closures are
made must be of good quality and, where in contact with the
substance or article, not liable to react with it.
Closures must be sufficiently tight to prevent leaking and
sifting.
Stoppers or corks must be held securely in position with wire,
adhesive tape, or other positive means.
Packagings having necks with moulded screw-threads must
have threaded- type caps having a resilient liner completely
resistant to the contents.
Unit 4 36

12
 18.6.2018.

Packing Requirements

2. Manufacturing requirements for the various types of

packagings, Part 6;1 and 6;3, and the packaging
performance tests, Part 6;4

Using the information provided in Part 6;1, 6;3 and 6;4, we

can now identify the packaging and, where appropriate,
performance requirements of all the listed packagings, either
single, combination or composite.
Exercise 4-5 will provide you with practice in extracting
information from those requirements

Unit 4 37

EXERCISE 4-5

Unit 4 38

EXERCISE 4-5

Unit 4 39

13
 18.6.2018.

EXERCISE 4-5

Unit 4 40

EXERCISE 4-5

Unit 4 41

Packing Requirements

3. Information in the Dangerous Goods List—Table 3-1 and

the packing instructions found in Part 4
Passenger aircraft Cargo aircraft
Max. net
Max. net
Sub- State Special UN quantity
quantity per
UN Class or sidiary varia- provi- packing Excepted Packing Packing per
package
Name No. division risk Labels tions sions group quantity Instruction Instruction package
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Gasoline 1203 3 Liquid A100 II E2 353 5L 364 60 L
flammable Y341 1L

As indicated in the above table, the packing instruction and

maximum net quantity per package requirements for
Gasoline, UN 1203

Unit 4 42

14
 18.6.2018.

EXERCISE 4-6

Unit 4 43

EXERCISE 4-6

Unit 4 44

EXERCISE 4-6

Unit 4 45

15
 18.6.2018.

EXERCISE 4-6

Unit 4 46

Packing Requirements

4. General packing requirements relate to the chosen

packaging Part 4;1 and 4;2
References — Part 4;1 Summary
Dangerous goods must be packed in good quality packagings,
constructed and closed in accordance with the instructions
4;1.1.1 from the manufacturer to prevent loss of contents.
No dangerous goods residue is permitted on the outside of the
package.
General requirements for new, remanufactured, reused or
4;1.1.2
reconditioned packagings.

Compatibility requirements between the item of dangerous

4; 1.1.3
goods and all components of the packagings.

Unit 4 47

Packing Requirements

4. General packing requirements (continued)

References — Part 4;1 Summary
4;1.1.4 Closure requirements.
4; 1.1.5 Filling requirements for packagings of liquids.
4; 1.1.6 and 4; 1.1.6.1 Pressure differential requirements for packagings of liquids.
Requirements regarding the packing of dangerous goods with
4; 1.1.7 to 4; 1.1.8 other dangerous or non-dangerous goods. (See below for an
explanation of this text.)
Requirements regarding the packing, securing, cushioning and
4; 1.1.9
orientation of inner packaging in an outer packaging.
Types and sizes of inner packagings permitted in an outer
4; 1.1.9.1
packaging without additional testing.
4; 1.1.10 to 4; 1.10.2 Absorbent material requirements.
Prohibition of the use of packagings that generate heat through
4;1.1.11
friction or alter the stability of its contents.
Unit 4 48

16
 18.6.2018.

Packing Requirements

4. General packing requirements (continued)

References — Part 4;1 Summary
4;1.1.12 Venting prohibition.
Package orientation for combination packagings containing liquid
4;1.1.13
dangerous goods.
4;1.1.14 Minimum packaging size.
Treatment of an empty packaging that has contained dangerous
4;1.1.15
goods.
Liquids allowed (depending on vapour pressure) in
4;1.1.16
packagings marked with the hydraulic test pressure.
Requirements regarding solids that may become liquid at
4;1.1.17
temperatures encountered during transport. (Also see 4;2.5.)
Leakproofness test requirements for packaging intended to
4;1.1.18
contain liquids.

Unit 4 49

Packing Requirements

4. General packing requirements (continued)

References — Part 4;1 Summary
Closure requirements for packagings intended to contain
4;1.1.19
wetted or diluted substances.
4;1.1.20 Period of use for plastic drums and jerricans.
Performance test requirements for specification packagings
4;1.2
detailed in the packing instructions.
Transitional packaging arrangements for radioactive material.
4;1.3 (See Unit 9 for a consolidation of the radioactive material
requirements.)
4;1.4 Salvage packagings requirements.
4;2.1 Introduction to the packing instructions.
Reference to the location of the packing instructions in the
4;2.2
Dangerous Goods List – Table 3-1.
Unit 4 50

Packing Requirements

4. General packing requirements (continued)

References — Part 4;1 Summary
4;2.3 Information to be found in the packing instructions.
Reference to Part 6, compatibility requirements and
4;2.4
alternatives to glass receptacles.
Packagings not to be used for substances that become liquid
4;2.5
during transport.
Use of outer packagings with V, U or W in their identification
4;2.6
code.
4;2.7 – 4;2.7.9 Requirements for cylinders to be used to contain liquids or solids.
Requirements for alternative packagings approved by the
4;2.8
appropriate authority of the State of Origin.
Transport requirements for large articles that cannot be
4;2.9
packaged in accordance with Part 6;1 to 6;4.
Unit 4 51

17
 18.6.2018.

Dangerous goods packed with other substances

(4;1.1.7 and 4;1.1.8)

Inner packagings of dangerous goods with different

dangerous or non-dangerous goods may be packed together
in the same outer packagings provided they meet the
requirements of 4;1.1.7 and 4;1.1.8, which are shown below.
In this context, outer packagings are not to be confused with
overpacks

Unit 4 52

Dangerous goods packed with other substances

(4;1.1.7)

4;1.1.7 Dangerous goods must not be packed together

in the same outer packaging with dangerous or other goods
if they react dangerously with each other and cause:
a) combustion and/or evolution of considerable heat;
b) evolution of flammable, toxic or asphyxiant gases;
c) the formation of corrosive substances; or
d) the formation of unstable substances.

Unit 4 53

Dangerous goods packed with other substances (4;1.1.7)

4;1.1.8 Subject to 1.1.7 an outer packaging may contain more

than one item of dangerous goods provided that:
a) the inner packaging used for each item of dangerous goods
and the quantity contained therein complies with the relevant
part of the packing instruction applicable to that item;
b) the outer packagings used are permitted by all the packing
instructions applicable to each item of dangerous goods;
c) the package as prepared for shipment meets the specification
d) the dangerous goods do not require segregation according to
Table 7-1, unless otherwise provided for in these Instructions;
and
Unit 4 54

18
 18.6.2018.

Dangerous goods packed with other substances (4;1.1.8)

4;1.1.8
e) the quantities of different dangerous goods contained in
one outer packaging must be such that “Q” does not
exceed the value of 1, where “Q” is calculated using the
formula:
Q = n1/M1 + n2/M2 + n3/M3 + …
where n1, n2, etc. are the net quantities of the different
dangerous goods and M1, M2, etc. are the maximum net
quantities for these different dangerous goods according
to Table 3-1 for passenger or cargo aircraft as
applicable.
Unit 4 55

All Packed in One (4;1.1.8)

Example 1
One outer packaging for transport by passenger aircraft
contains inner packagings of:
2 L of Phenylhydrazine, UN 2572, Packing Group II; and

0.5 L of Arsenic acid, liquid, UN 1553, Packing Group I.

According to the Dangerous Goods List—Table 3-1, the
maximum permissible quantities and packing instructions for
these substances are:

Unit 4 56

All Packed in One (4;1.1.8)

Example 1
Phenylhydrazine, 5L, Packing Instruction 654
Arsenic acid, liquid, 1 L, Packing Instruction 652
In this case

Q = 2/5 + 0.5/1 = 0.9.

The total quantity offered, i.e., 2.5 L, is therefore acceptable
since Q does not exceed 1.

Unit 4 57

19
 18.6.2018.

All Packed in One (4;1.1.8)

Example 2
One outer packaging contains inner packagings of different
substances. It completely meets the requirements of 4;1.1.7 and
4; 1.1.8 and is intended for transport by passenger aircraft.
Follow the example using the Dangerous Goods List—Table 3-1.

Maximum permissible
Class or Packing
UN No. Name Packing Instruction Quantity Offered quantity – passenger
Division Group
aircraft

1594 Diethyl sulphate 6.1 II 1L 5L

1266 Perfumery products 3 II 3L 5L
1264 Paraldehyde 3 III 36 L 60 L

Unit 4 58

All Packed in One (4;1.1.8)

Example 2
Maximum permissible
Class or Packing
UN No. Name Packing Instruction Quantity Offered quantity – passenger
Division Group
aircraft

1594 Diethyl sulphate 6.1 II 1L 5L

1266 Perfumery products 3 II 3L 5L
1264 Paraldehyde 3 III 36 L 60 L

Assume that these dangerous goods will not cause a dangerous reaction.
The total quantity of all the substances offered is 40 L.
Applying the formula: Q = n1/M1 + n2/M2 + n3/M3;
Q = 1/5 + 3/5 +36/60 = 1.4
The package is not acceptable because Q exceeds 1.
Unit 4 59

Packing Requirements

5. Prescribed markings for the packagings Part 6;2

Packagings, other than inner packagings, intended for the

transport of dangerous goods by air must bear marks
which are:
 durable;
 legible; and
 readily visible. (6;2.1)

Unit 4 60

20
 18.6.2018.

Prescribed markings

Location and size of markings (6;2.1.1)

Height of letters,
Package size Location on packaging numbers and symbols

> 30 kg gross mass Original marking or duplicate on top or side Minimum 12 mm

≤ 30 L or 30 kg capacity Anywhere as long as they comply with 6;2.1 Minimum 6 mm

≤ 5 L or 5 kg Anywhere as long as they comply with 6;2.1 Appropriate size

Unit 4 61

Prescribed markings

The prescribed marking is used to indicate the packaging

complies with the relevant requirements of Part 6;3 to 6;4
and consists of the following elements:
Explanation of each element of the
following two marks:
Marking element 1A1/Y1.4/150/18/ME/VL824

1A2/Y50/S/18/HR/MM5

UN packaging symbol
or with embosed metal packaging the capital or UN
letters UN

The packaging code. 1A1 (Drum, steel, non-removable head)

Refer to Table 6-2 of the Instructions for an index
of the applicable codes. 1A2 (Drum, steel, removable head)

Unit 4 62

Prescribed markings
Explanation of each element of the following
two marks:
Marking element 1A1/Y1.4/150/18/ME/VL824

1A2/Y50/S/18/HR/MM5
X, Y or Z
This indicates the packing group for which the design
type has been successfully tested. 1A1/Y1.4/150/18/ME/VL824
 X for Packing Groups I, II and III. 1A2/Y50/S/18/HR/MM5
Y for Packing Groups II and III. (Packing Group II and III)
Z for Packing Group III only.

Liquids
Relative density rounded off to the first decimal for
which the design type is tested. 1A1/Y1.4/150/18/ME/VL824
For single packagings intended to carry liquids. Relative density for which design type tested
When the relative density does not exceed 1.2, this
number may be omitted.

Unit 4 63

21
 18.6.2018.

Prescribed markings
Explanation of each element of the following
two marks:
1A1/Y1.4/150/18/ME/VL824
Marking element
1A2/Y50/S/18/HR/MM5

Solids or combination packagings

Maximum gross mass in kg for which the design 1A2/Y50/S/18/HR/MM5
type is tested.
Liquids – single packagings
Hydraulic test pressure which the packaging was
1A1/Y1.4/150/18/ME/VL824
shown to withstand in kPa, rounded down to the
nearest 10 kPa.
Solids or combination packagings
„S” 1A2/Y50/S/18/HR/MM5
The last two digits of the year the packaging was 1A1/Y1.4/150/18/ME/VL824
manufactured.
1A2/Y50/S/18/HR/MM5

Unit 4 64

Prescribed markings
Explanation of each element of the following
two marks:
1A1/Y1.4/150/18/ME/VL824
Marking element
1A2/Y50/S/18/HR/MM5

Packagings of types 1H1, 1H2, 3H1 and

3H2 must also be appropriately marked with
the month of manufacture; this may be
marked on the packaging in a different place
from the remainder of the marking.
Distinguishing sign for motor vehicles in 1A1/Y1.4/150/18/ME/VL824
international traffic for State authorizing the
allocation of the mark. 1A2/Y50/S/18/HR/MM5
The name of the manufacturer or other 1A1/Y1.4/150/18/ME/VL824
identification of the packaging specified by the
appropriate national authority. 1A2/Y50/S/18/HR/MM5

Unit 4 65

Prescribed markings

Unit 4 66

22
 18.6.2018.

Prescribed markings

Unit 4 67

EXERCISE 4-7

Unit 4 68

EXERCISE 4-7

Unit 4 69

23
 18.6.2018.

EXERCISE 4-7

Unit 4 70

EXERCISE 4-7

Unit 4 71

Unit 4 72

24