PREPARED BY:

ALEXANDER SANANDRES

STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
It is a structural system without complete vertical local carrying
1 Bearing wall system
space frame. (NSCP 208.20)
Is a component including its attachments having fundamental
2 Rigid component
period less than or equal to 0.06 sec. (NSCP 208.20)
Is a component including its attachments having fundamental
3 Flexible component
period greater than 0.60 sec. (NSCP 208.20)
Concrete filled driven piles of uniform section shall have a nominal
4 200 mm
outside diameter of not less than (NSCP 307.7.3)
A complete record of test of materials and of concrete shall be
available for inspection during the progress of work and _______
5 2 years
years after completion of the project and shall be preserved by the
inspecting engineer or architect for that purpose, (NSCP 403.20)
The minimum bend diameter for 10mm Ø through 25mm Ø bars
6 6 db
(NSCP 407.30)
The minimum bend diameter for 28mm Ø through 36mm Ø bars
7 8 db
(NSCP 407.30)
The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer must
8 25mm
be db but not less than? (NSCP 407.7.3)
In spirally reinforced or tied reinforced compression members,
9 clear distance between longitudinal bars shall not be less than? 1.50 db
(NSCP 407.7.3)
In walls and slabs other than concrete joist construction, primary
10 flexural reinforcement shall not be spaced farther apart than 3 times 450 mm
wall or slab thickness nor farther than? (NSCP 407.7.5)
Groups of parallel reinforcing bars bundled in contact to act as
11 one unit shall be united to ___ pieces in one bundle. (NSCP 4
407.7.6.1)
Bars larger than ___mm shall not be bundled in beams:
12 36 mm
(NSCP 407.7.6.3)
Individual bars within a bundle terminated within the span of
13 flexural members shall terminate at different points with at least 40 db
____ stagger: (NSCP 407.7.6.4)
Minimum concrete cover cast against and permanently exposed
14 75 mm
to earth: (NSCP 407.8.1)
The minimum clear concrete covering for cast in place slab:
15 20 mm
(NSCP 407.8.1)
In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor Ø for
16 0.90'
flexure without axial loads: (NSCP 409.2.1)
In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor Ø for
17 0.85'
shear and torsion: (NSCP 409.4.2.3)
The minimum one way slab thickness which is simply supported
18 L / 20
at the ends only is: (NSCP 409.6.2)
The minimum one way slab thickness for a ONE end continuous
19 L / 24
slab is: (NSCP 409.6.2)
The minimum one way slab thickness for a BOTH ends continuous
20 L / 28
slab is: (NSCP 409.6.2)
21 The minimum cantilevered slab thickness is : (NSCP 409.6.2) L / 10
Deep continuous flexural members has overall depth to clear
22 0.40'
span ratio greater than: (NSCP 410.8.10)
Deep simple span flexural members has overall depth to clear
23 0.75'
span ratio greater than: (NSCP 307.4.2)
Spacing of shear reinforcement placed perpendicular to axis of
24 d/2
non-prestressed member shall not exceed: (NSCP 411.6.4.1)
Development length Ld for deformed bars in tension shall be less
25 300 mm
than: (NSCP 412.3.1)

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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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ALEXANDER SANANDRES

STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Is an essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or
26 Braced Frame
eccentric type that is provided to resist lateral forces: (NCSP 208.1)
Is a horizontal or nearly horizontal system activity to transmit
27 Diaphragm
lateral forces to the vertical resisting elements:
Is a frame in which members and joints are capable of resisting forces primarily by
28 Moment resisting frame
flexure:
In the determination of seismic dead load with a minimum of
29 25%
________% of floor live load shall be applicable for storage and
The slope of cut surfaces shall be no steeper than _______%
30 50%
slope. (NSCP 302.2.2)
Before commencing the excavation work, the person making the
excavation shall notify in writing the owner of the adjoining building
31 10 days
not less than _____days before such excavation is to be made. (NSCP
302.2.4)
Fill slopes shall not be constructed on natural slopes steeper than
32 50%
____% slope (NSCP 302.3.1)
The minimum distance that the toe of fill slope made to the site
33 0.60m
boundary line: (NSCP 302.4.3)
The max. distance that the toe of fill slope made to the site
34 6.00 m
boundary: (NSCP 302.4.3)
In using sand backfill in the annular space around column not
embedded in poured footings, the sand shall be thoroughly
35 200 mm
compacted by tamping in layers not more than _____mm in depth?
(NSCP 305.7.3)
In using a concrete backfill in the annular space around column
36 not embedded in poured footings, the concrete shall have ultimate 15 mpa
strength of ____Mpa at 28 days. (NSCP 305.7.3)
When grillage footings of structural steel shapes are used on
37 soils, they shall be completely embedded in concrete. Concrete cover 150 mm
shall be at least _____mm on the bottom. (NSCP 305.8)
Temporary open air portable bleachers may be supported upon
38 wood sills or steel plates placed directly upon the ground surface, 50 kpa
provided soil pressure does not exceed ____Kpa. (NSCP 305.9)
The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts when wood plates
39 or sill shall be bolted to foundation wall in zone 2 seismic area in the 12 mm
Philippines. (NSCP 305.60)
The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts when wood plates
40 or sill shall be bolted to foundation wall in zone 4 seismic area in the 16 mm
Philippines. (NSCP 305.60)
Individual pile caps and caissons of every structure subjected to
seismic forces shall be interconnected by ties. Such ties shall be
41 capable of resisting in tension or compression a minimum horizontal 10%
force equal to _____% of the largest column vertical load. (NSCP
306.20)
Such piles into firm ground may be considered fixed and laterally
42 1.50m
supported at _____M below the ground surface. (NSCP 306.20)
Such piles into soft ground may be considered fixed and laterally
43 3,0 m
supported at _____M below the ground surface. (NSCP 306.20)
The maximum length of cast in place piles/bored piles shall be
44 30 times
_____times the average diameter of the pile. (NSCP 307.2.1)
Cast in place/bored piles shall have a specific compressive
45 17.50 mpa
strength Fc of not less than ______Mpa. (NSCP 307.2.1)
Pre-cast concrete piles shall have a specific compressive strength
46 20 mpa
Fc of not less than _____Mpa. (NSCP 304.7.1)
The maximum spacing of ties and spirals in a driven pre-cast
47 75 mm
concrete pile center to center. (NSCP 307.5.1)

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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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ALEXANDER SANANDRES

STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Pre-cast pre-stressed concrete piles shall have a specified
48 35 mpa
compressive strength Fc of not less than ____Mpa.
The minimum outside diameter of pipe piles when used must be?
49 250 mm
(NSCP 307.6.3)
50 Aviation control towers fall to what type of occupancy? Essential facilities
Private garages, carports, sheds, agricultural buildings fall to Miscellaneous
51
what type of occupancy? occupancy
Buildings used for college or adult education with a capacity of 500 or more students fall
52 Special occupancy
to what type of occupancy?
Buildings or structures therein housing and supporting toxic or
53 Hazardous facility
explosive chemicals or substances fall to what type of category?
The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with
54 L / 360
live load only. (NSCP 107.2.2)
The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with
55 L / 240
dead load and live load only.
Retaining walls shall be designed to resist sliding by at least
56 2 times
_______times the lateral force. (NSCP 206.6)
Retaining walls shall be designed to resist overturning by at least
57 1. 5 times
______times the overturning moment. (NSCP 206.6)
As per NSCP 2001 sect. 206.9.3 vertical impact force for crane
load, if powered monorail cranes are considered, the max. wheel
58 25%
load of the crane shall be increased by what percent to determine
the induced vertical impact? (NSCP 206.9.3)
The lateral force on a crane runway beam with electrically
powered trolleys shall be calculated as ______% of the sum of the
59 20%
rated capacity of the crane and the weight of the hoist and trolley.
(NSCP 206.9.4)
The longitudinal forces on crane runway beams, except for bridge
60 cranes with hand geared bridges shall be calculated as _____% of the 10%
max. wheel load of the crane. (NSCP 206.9.5)
This is a secondary effect in shears and especially moments of
61 frame members induced by vertical loads acting on laterally P-delta effect
displaced building frame.
A storey whose strength is less than 80% of the strength of the
62 Weak Storey
storey above is considered as __________.
Hospitals, Communication Centers, and others, which are
63 necessary for emergency post-earthquake operations, are classified Essential Facilities
as ___________.
A horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral
64 forces to the vertical resisting system including the horizontal bracing Diaphragm
system.
This is essentially a vertical truss system provided to resist lateral
65 Braced Frame
forces of a building.
Constructing a high- rise building requires concrete that can easily
be pumped. What type of admixture in concrete the contractor will
66 provide which can reduce the requirement of mixing water and Plasticizer
produce a flowing concrete that does not segregate and needs very
little vibration
The records of test material and of concrete must be preserved
67 2 years
after the completion of the project for at least _________.
68 What is the weight of 1 cu. m. of steel? 7850 Kg
A type of gunite mixed with an accelerating admixture with
69 aggregate larger than 10mm originally sprayed under high air Shotcrete
pressure of lining tunnels.
If a structure is judged under the condition either to be no
70 longer useful for its intended function or to unsafe, it has reached its Limit state
__________.

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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
A phenomenon of failure or damage that may result in sudden
71 and brittle fracture of a ductile material due to reversals of stresses Metal Fatigue
applied to a body repeatedly or a great number of times.
The load at which a perfectly straight member under compression
72 Buckling load
assumes a deflected position.
It is a point within the structure at which a member
73 (beam/column) can rotate slightly to eliminate all bending moment Hinge
in the member at that point.
It is a beam type supported by a hinge/roller at one end and the
74 Semi-continuous beam
other end is projecting beyond a fixed support.
15. Floors in office buildings and in other buildings where partition
75 locations are subject to change shall be designed to support in 1000 pa
addition to all other loads, a uniformly distributed load equal to
The upward pressure against the bottom of the basement floor of
76 Uplift pressure
a structure or road slab caused by the presence of water.
The particular type of pin-connected tension member of uniform
thickness with forged loop or head of greater width than the body,
77 Eyebar
with is proportioned to provide approximately equal strength both in
the head and the body.
A revetment consisting of rough stones of various sizes placed
78 compactly to protect the banks or bed of a river from the eroding Riprap
effects of the flowing water.
A three-dimensional spatial structure made up of one or more curved slabs or folded
79 plateshose thicknesses are small compared to Thin shell
their other dimensions.
It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or
80 Overturning moment
other horizontal forces on a building.
It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or
81 Sway brace
other horizontal forces on a building.
This is designed as special foundation for intense column loads
82 on a platform consisting usually of two layers of rolled steel joists, Grillage foundation
one on top of other, at right angles.
Referring to any artificial method of strengthening the soil to
83 reduce its shrinkage and ensure that it will not move. Common Soil Stabilization
methods are mixing the soil with cement or compaction
A pit dug in the basement floor during excavation made to
84 collect water into which a pump is placed the liquid to the sewer Sump pit
pipe.
It is a long, straight beam which by the inspection if two hinges
85 Gerber beam
in alternate spans, functions essentially as a cantilever beam.
An instrument which measures the actual displacement of the
86 Seismometer
ground with respect to a stationary point during an earthquake.
The behavior of sandy soil to weaken its capacity to carry
87 imposed loads when subjected to vibration such as earthquake Liquefaction
particularly when water table saturates this layer.
It is a beam especially provided over an opening for a door or
88 Lintel beam
window to carry the wall over opening.
For any given granular material, the steepest angle with
89 horizontal, a heaped soil surface will make in normal condition that Angle of repose
will not slide.
An open building is a structure having all walls at least _____%
90 80%
open. (NSCP 207)
Low rise buildings is an enclosed or partially enclosed with mean
91 18 m
roof height less than or equal to? (NSCP 207.20)
The wind load importance factor lw for essential facilities is
92 1.15
equal to? (NSCP 207.50)
The wind load importance factor for hazardous facilities is equal
93 1,15
to?

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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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ALEXANDER SANANDRES

STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
The wind load importance factor for standard occupancy
94 1
structures is equal to?
The wind load importance factor for miscellaneous structures is
95 0.87
equal to?
Large city centers with at least 50% of the buildings having a height greater than 21M.
96 falls on what exposure category for wind Exposure A
loading? (NSCP 207.5.3)
Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights less than
97 Exposure C
9M. Falls on what exposure category for wind loading?
Flat unobstructed areas exposed to wind flowing over open water
98 for a distance of at least 2 km falls on what exposure category for Exposure D
wind loading?
Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas or other terrain with
99 numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size of single family Exposure B
dwelling or larger falls on what exposure category for wind loading?
100 Zone 1 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph? 250

101 Zone 2 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph? 200

102 Zone 3 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph? 125
In testing concrete laboratory cured specimens, no individual
103 strength test (average of 2 cylinders) falls below fc’ by more than 3.50 mpa
_______. (NSCP 405.7.3.3)
Spacing for a lateral support for a beam shall not exceed
104 _______times the least width b of compression flange or face. 50 times
(NSCP 410.5.10)
For a rectangular reinforced concrete compression member, it
shall be permitted to take the radius of gyration equal to
105 0.30
_______times the overall dimension of the direction of stability is
being considered. (NSCP 410.12.20)
For members whose design is based on compressive force, the
106 slenderness ratio kL/r preferably should not exceed ________? 200
(NSCP 502.8.1)
For members whose design is based on tensile force, the
107 300
slenderness ratio L/r preferably should not exceed _________.
For pin connected members, the allowable stress on the net area
108 0.45 fy
of the pinhole for pin connected members is _________.
Other than pin connected members, the allowable tensile stress
109 0.60 fy
shall not exceed _______ on the gross area. (NSCP 504.2.1)
For pin connected plates, the minimum net area beyond the
110 pinhole parallel to the axis of the member shall not be less than 2/3.
_______of the net area across the pinhole. (NSCP 504.4.2.1)
For pin connected members in which the pin is expected to
provide for relative movement between connected parts while under
111 0.80mm
full load, the diameter of the pinhole shall not be more than
______mm greater than the diameter of the pin. (NSCP 504.4.2.3)
The maximum longitudinal spacing of bolts, nuts and intermittent
112 welds correctly two rolled shapes in contact for a built up section 600 mm.
shall not exceed ________. (NSCP 505.5.4)
The ratio L/r for lacing bars arranged in single system shall not
113 140 mm
exceed ________. (NSCP 505.5.80)
The ratio L/r for lacing bars arranged in double system shall not
114 200 mm
exceed ________.
For members bent about their strong or weak axes, members
115 with compact sections where the flanges continuously connected to .66 fy
web the allowable bending stress is _________. (NSCP 506.4.1.1)

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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
For box type and tabular textural members that meet the non
116 compact section requirements of section 502.6, the allowable .60 fy
bending stress is ________. (NSCP 506.4.1.1)
Bolts and rivets connecting stiffness to the girder web shall be
117 300 mm
spaced not more than ______mm on centers. (NSCP 507.5.3)
Ira composite beam section, the actual section modulus of the
transformed composite section shall be used in calculating the
118 concrete flexural compressed stress and for construction without 75%
temporary shores, this stress shall be based upon loading applied
after the concrete has reached _____% of its required strength.
Shear connectors shall have at least ________mm of lateral
119 25 mm
concrete covering. (NSCP 509.5.8)
The minimum center to center spacing of stud connectors along
120 6 d of connector
the longitudinal axis of supporting composite beam is ____________.
The maximum center to center spacing of stud connectors along
121 8 d of connector
the longitudinal axis of supporting composite beam is ____________.
Connections carrying calculated stresses, except for lacing, sag
122 bars and girts, shall be designed to support not less than ________Kn 26.70 kn
of force. (NSCP 510.10.61)
The connections at ends of tension or compression members in
trusses shall develop the force due to the design load, but no less
than _______% at the effective strength of the member unless a
123 50%
smaller percentage is justified by engineering analysis that considers
other factors including handling, shipping and erection.
(NSCP 510.2.5.1)
When formed steel decking is a part of the composite beam, the
124 spacing of stud shear connector along the length of the supporting 900 mm
beam or girder shall not exceed _______mm. (NSCP 509.6.1.2)
The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness greater
125 8mm
than 20mm is ________. (NSCP 510.3.3.2)
The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness 6mm is
126 3mm
________? (NSCP 510.3.3.2)
The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness over
127 6mm
12mm to 20mm is ________? (NSCP 510.3.3.2)
A property of a material that enables it to undergo
plastic deformation after being stressed beyond the
elastic limit and before rupturing._____________is a
128 desirable property of structural material since plastic ductility
material since plastic behavior is an indicator of
reserve strength and can serve as a visual warning of
impending failure.
In structural design ________________is considered
as wide shallow rectangular beam. The reinforcing
129 steel is usually spaced uniformly over its width. The one way slab
flexural reinforcement of a one way slab extends in
one direction only.
It is an external shear force at a cross section of a
beam or other member subject to bending. Equal to
130 transverse shear
the algebraic sum of transverse forces on one side of
the section.
The structural term which critical point at which a
column carrying its critical buckling load, may either
131 bifurcation
buckle or remain undeflected. The column is
therefore in the state of neutral equilibrium.

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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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ALEXANDER SANANDRES

STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
In concrete protection for reinforcement
___________mm is the standard minimum thickness
132 20mm
for concrete covering not exposed to weather or in
contact with ground, such as slabs walls and joists.
An instrument for measuring minute deformation in
133 a test specimen caused by tension, compression, stain gauge
bending or twisting. It is also called EXTENSOMETER.
For structural properties of A36 steel the maximum
134 24 ksi
allowable stress (Fb) for bending is.
It is a part of a beam that is thickened or deepened
to develop greater moment resistance.
135 The efficiency of a beam can be increased by shaping haunch
its length in response to the moment and shear
values which typically vary along its longitudinal axis.
Program Evaluation
Review Technique-
136 What is the meaning of PERT-CPM?
Critical
Path Method
They maybe categorized as building or non building.
137 It is an assembleage designed to support gravity structure
loads and resist lateral forces.
It is a vertical pipe, often sheet metal, used to
138 conduct water from a roof drain or gutter to the rainwater leader
ground. It is another term for down spout,
The area where water is pumped from within to
permit free access to the area. A temporary
watertight enclosure around an area of water or
139 coffer dam
water bearing soil, in which construction is to take
place, bearing on a stable statum at or above the
foundation level of new construction.
A membrane structure that is placed in tension and
140 net structure
stabilized by the pressure of compresses air.
A steel beam fabricated by the dividing the web of a
wide flange section with a lengthwise section zigzag
141 cut, then welding both halves together at the peaks, castellated beam
thus increasing its depth without increasing its
weight.
A structure of cables suspended and pre-stressed
142 between compression members to directly support suspension structure
applied loads.
One pair of vertical angles fastened to each side of
143 stiffener
web plate to solidify it against buckling.
Integral part of a beam that forms a flat, rigid
144 connection between two broader, parallel parts, as web
the flanges of the structural shape.
A high tension bolt having splined and twists off
145 tension control bolt
when required torque has been reached.
The oscillating, reciprocating or other periodic
146 motion of an elastic body or medium when forced Vibration
from a position or state of equilibrium.
Is a horizontal structural member in a timber-framed wall. resist lateral loads from wind
147 Girt
and support wall cladding
148 A brace fitted into a frame work to resist force in the direction of its length. Struts

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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Is a structural element which divides adjacent window units, may also vertically divide
double doors, acts as a
structural member, and it carries the dead load of the weight above the opening and the
149 wind load acting on the Mullion
window unit back to the building structure. The term is also properly applied to very
large and deep structural
members in many curtain wall systems.
Is a quantity expressing the two-dimensional size of a defined part of a surface, typically
150 a region bounded by a Area
closed curve.
The stress at which material strain changes from elastic deformation to plastic
151 deformation, causing it to deform Yield strength
permanently.
In engineering mechanics, (also known as flexure) characterizes the behavior of a
152 structural element subjected to an Bending
external load applied perpendicular to the axis of the element.
Is a statue, building, or other edifice created to commemorate a person or important
153 event. They are frequently used Monument
to improve the appearance of a city or location.
A loads are weights of material, equipment or components that are relatively constant
154 throughout the structure's Dead Load
life.
Are analytical tools used in conjunction with structural analysis to help perform
Shear and bending
155 structural design by determining the value of shear force and bending moment at a
moment diagram
given point of an element.
Minimum concrete cover cast against and permanently exposed to earth: (NSCP
156 75mm
407.8.1)
Is an essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or eccentric type that is provided
157 Braced frame
to resist lateral forces: (NCSP 208.1)
158 A wall (bearing or non-bearing) designed to resist lateral forces parallel to the wall Shear
In using a concrete backfill in the annular space around column not embedded in
159 poured footings, the concrete shall 15 mpa
have ultimate strength of ____Mpa at 28 days. (NSCP 305.7.3)
160 Standard concrete mix for beams, girders, slabs, stairs and columns is ( Class "A"
In engineering, buckling -is a failure mode characterized by a sudden failure of a
structural member subjected to high
compressive stresses, where the actual compressive stress at the point of failure is less
161 than the ultimate Buckling
compressive stresses that the material is capable of withstanding. This mode of failure
is also described as failure due
to elastic instability.
What is known as the deformation in which parallel planes slide relative to each other
162 Shear
so as to remain parallel?
163 periodic reversal of stresses fatigue

164 elongation of material subject to axial force strain

165 deformation that accompanies bending of a beam deflection

166 A column that is subjected to both direct axial stress and bending stress is known as? eccentrically loaded
concrete column whose load capacity must be reduced, according
167 long column
to code requirements, because of its slenderness
168 projected beyond it supports cantilevered

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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

169 state of a body in which the forces acting on it are equally balanced equillibrium

What is known as an imaginary line in a beam, shaft, or other bending, where there is
170 neutral axis
no tension nor compression and where no deformation takes place?

171 Unit stress in a bar just before it breaks is called? ultimate strength

172 bending magnitude wherever the shear passes through zero maximum moment

173 the product of the force and lever arms which tends to twist the body Torque
– unit stress at which deformation increases without any increase in
174 yield point
the load
tendency of one part of a beam to move vertically with respect to
175 vertical shear
an adjacent part
in the design of structures, the maximum unit stress permitted
176 working stress
under working loads by codes and specifications
177 It is the tendency of a force to cause rotation about a given point or axis. moment

178 state of rest or motion inertia –

ratio of the force applied to a structure to the corresponding
179 stiffness
displacement
It is a method of concrete building construction in which floor (and roof) slabs are cast
180 lift slab
usually at ground level and then raised into position by jacking.

181 – concrete floor system which has no beam flatslab

It is a structural system without complete vertical local carrying space frame. (NSCP
1 Bearing wall system
208.20)

Is a component including its attachments having fundamental period less than or equal
2 Rigid component
to 0.06 sec. (NSCP 208.20)

Is a component including its attachments having fundamental period greater than 0.60
3 Flexible Component
sec. (NSCP 208.20)
Concrete filled driven piles of uniform section shall have a nominal outside diameter of
4 200 mm
not less than (NSCP 307.7.3)

A complete record of test of materials and of concrete shall be available for inspection
5 during the progress of work and _______ years after completion of the project and shall 2 years
be preserved by the inspecting engineer or architect for that purpose, (NSCP 403.20)

6 The minimum bend diameter for 10mm Ø through 25mm Ø bars (NSCP 407.30) 6 db

7 The minimum bend diameter for 28mm Ø through 36mm Ø bars (NSCP 407.30) 8 db

In spirally reinforced or tied reinforced compression members, clear distance between

8 1.50 db
longitudinal bars shall not be less than? (NSCP 407.7.3)

In walls and slabs other than concrete joist construction, primary flexural reinforcement
9 shall not be spaced farther apart than 3 times wall or slab thickness nor farther than? 450 mm
(NSCP 407.7.5)

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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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ALEXANDER SANANDRES

STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Groups of parallel reinforcing bars bundled in contact to act as one unit shall be united
10 4 pcs
to ___ pieces in one bundle. (NSCP 407.7.6.1)

11 Bars larger than ___mm shall not be bundled in beams: (NSCP 407.7.6.3) 36mm

Individual bars within a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members shall
12 40 db
terminate at different points with at least ____ stagger: (NSCP 407.7.6.4)
Minimum concrete cover cast against and permanently exposed to earth: (NSCP
13 75 mm
407.8.1)
14 The minimum clear concrete covering for cast in place slab: (NSCP 407.8.1) 20 mm

In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor Ø for flexure without axial
15 0.9
loads: (NSCP 409.2.1)

In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor Ø for shear and torsion: (NSCP
16 0.85
409.4.2.3)
The minimum one way slab thickness which is simply supported at the ends only is:
17 L / 20
(NSCP 409.6.2)
The minimum one way slab thickness for a ONE end continuous slab is: (NSCP
18 L / 24
409.6.2)
The minimum one way slab thickness for a BOTH ends continuous slab is: (NSCP
19 L / 28
409.6.2)

20 The minimum cantilevered slab thickness is : (NSCP 409.6.2) L / 10

Deep continuous flexural members has overall depth to clear span ratio greater than:
21 0.4
(NSCP 410.8.10)
Deep simple span flexural members has overall depth to clear span ratio greater than:
22 0.75
(NSCP 307.4.2)
Spacing of shear reinforcement placed perpendicular to axis of non-prestressed
23 d/2
member shall not exceed: (NSCP 411.6.4.1)

24 Development length Ld for deformed bars in tension shall be less than: (NSCP 412.3.1) 300 mm

Is an essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or eccentric type that is provided
25 Braced Frame
to resist lateral forces: (NCSP 208.1)
Is a horizontal or nearly horizontal system activity to transmit lateral forces to the vertical
26 Diaphragm
resisting elements:
Is a frame in which members and joints are capable of resisting forces primarily by Moment Resisting
27
flexure: Frame
In the determination of seismic dead load with a minimum of ________% of floor live
28 25%
load shall be applicable for storage and warehouse occupancies. (NSCP 208.5.1.1)
29 The slope of cut surfaces shall be no steeper than _______% slope. (NSCP 302.2.2) 50%

Before commencing the excavation work, the person making the excavation shall notify
30 in writing the owner of the adjoining building not less than _____days before such 10 days
excavation is to be made. (NSCP 302.2.4)

Fill slopes shall not be constructed on natural slopes steeper than ____% slope (NSCP
31 50%
302.3.1)
The minimum distance that the toe of fill slope made to the site boundary line: (NSCP
32 .60 m
302.4.3)
33 The max. distance that the toe of fill slope made to the site boundary: (NSCP 302.4.3) 6 m.

10/39
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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ALEXANDER SANANDRES

STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
In using sand backfill in the annular space around column not embedded in poured
34 200 mm
footings, the sand shall be thoroughly compacted by tamping in layers not more than
In using a concrete backfill in the annular space around column not embedded in
35 poured footings, the concrete shall have ultimate strength of ____Mpa at 28 days. 15 mpa
(NSCP 305.7.3)
When grillage footings of structural steel shapes are used on soils, they shall be
36 completely embedded in concrete. Concrete cover shall be at least _____mm on the 150 mm
bottom. (NSCP 305.8)
Temporary open air portable bleachers may be supported upon wood sills or steel
37 plates placed directly upon the ground surface, provided soil pressure does not exceed 50 kpa
____Kpa. (NSCP 305.9)

The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts when wood plates or sill shall be bolted to
38 12 mm
foundation wall in zone 2 seismic area in the Philippines. (NSCP 305.60)

The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts when wood plates or sill shall be bolted to
39 16 mm
foundation wall in zone 4 seismic area in the Philippines. (NSCP 305.60)

Individual pile caps and caissons of every structure subjected to seismic forces shall be
interconnected by ties. Such ties shall be capable of resisting in tension or
40 10%
compression a minimum horizontal force equal to _____% of the largest column vertical
load. (NSCP 306.20)

Such piles into firm ground may be considered fixed and laterally supported at _____M
41 1.50 m.
below the ground surface. (NSCP 306.20)

Such piles into soft ground may be considered fixed and laterally supported at _____M
42 3.0 m
below the ground surface. (NSCP 306.20)

The maximum length of cast in place piles/bored piles shall be _____times the average
43 30 times
diameter of the pile. (NSCP 307.2.1

Cast in place/bored piles shall have a specific compressive strength Fc of not less than
44 17.50 mpa
______Mpa. (NSCP 307.2.1)
Pre-cast concrete piles shall have a specific compressive strength Fc of not less than
45 20 mpa
_____Mpa. (NSCP 304.7.1)
The maximum spacing of ties and spirals in a driven pre-cast concrete pile center to
46 75 mm
center. (NSCP 307.5.1)
Pre-cast pre-stressed concrete piles shall have a specified compressive strength Fc of
47 35 mpa
not less than ____Mpa. (NSCP 307.5.1)
48 The minimum outside diameter of pipe piles when used must be? (NSCP 307.6.3) 250 mm

49 Aviation control towers fall to what type of occupancy? Essential facilities

50 Private garages, carports, sheds, agricultural buildings fall to what type of occupancy? Misc. Occupancy
Buildings used for college or adult education with a capacity of 500 or more students fall
51 Special Occupancy
to what type of occupancy?
Buildings or structures therein housing and supporting toxic or explosive chemicals or
52 Hazardous Facility
substances fall to what type of category?
The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with live load only. (NSCP
53 L / 360
107.2.2)
The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with dead load and live load
54 L / 240
only. (NSCP 104.2.2)
Retaining walls shall be designed to resist sliding by at least _______times the lateral
55 2 times
force. (NSCP 206.6)
Retaining walls shall be designed to resist overturning by at least ______times the
56 1.5 times
overturning moment. (NSCP 206.6)

11/39
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
 PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES

STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

As per NSCP 2001 sect. 206.9.3 vertical impact force for crane load, if powered
57 monorail cranes are considered, the max. wheel load of the crane shall be increased by 25%
what percent to determine the induced vertical impact? (NSCP 206.9.3)

The lateral force on a crane runway beam with electrically powered trolleys shall be
58 calculated as ______% of the sum of the rated capacity of the crane and the weight of 20%
the hoist and trolley. (NSCP 206.9.4)
The longitudinal forces on crane runway beams, except for bridge cranes with hand
59 geared bridges shall be calculated as _____% of the max. wheel load of the crane. 10%
(NSCP 206.9.5
60 An open building is a structure having all walls at least _____% open. (NSCP 207) 80%

Low rise buildings is an enclosed or partially enclosed with mean roof height less than
61 18 m
or equal to? (NSCP 207.20)

62 The wind load importance factor lw for essential facilities is equal to? (NSCP 207.50) 1.15

63 The wind load importance factor for hazardous facilities is equal to? 1.15

64 The wind load importance factor for standard occupancy structures is equal to? 1

65 The wind load importance factor for miscellaneous structures is equal to? 0.87

Large city centers with at least 50% of the buildings having a height greater than 21M.
66 Exposure A
falls on what exposure category for wind loading? (NSCP 207.5.3)

Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights less than 9M. Falls on what
67 Exposure C
exposure category for wind loading?

Flat unobstructed areas exposed to wind flowing over open water for a distance of at
68 Exposure D
least 2 km falls on what exposure category for wind loading?

Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas or other terrain with numerous closely
69 spaced obstructions having the size of single family dwelling or larger falls on what Exposure B
exposure category for wind loading?
70 Zone 1 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph? 250 kph

71 Zone 2 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph? 200 kph

72 Zone 3 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph? 125 kph

In testing concrete laboratory cured specimens, no individual strength test (average of 2

73 3.50 mpa
cylinders) falls below fc’ by more than _______. (NSCP 405.7.3.3)

Spacing for a lateral support for a beam shall not exceed _______times the least width
74 50 times
b of compression flange or face. (NSCP 410.5.10)

For a rectangular reinforced concrete compression member, it shall be permitted to

75 take the radius of gyration equal to _______times the overall dimension of the direction 0.3
of stability is being considered. (NSCP 410.12.20

For members whose design is based on compressive force, the slenderness ratio kL/r
76 200
preferably should not exceed ________?

For members whose design is based on tensile force, the slenderness ratio L/r
77 300
preferably should not exceed _________.

12/39
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
 PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES

STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

For pin connected members, the allowable stress on the net area of the pinhole for pin
78 .45 fy
connected members is _________. (NSCP 504.4.1.1)

Other than pin connected members, the allowable tensile stress shall not exceed
79 0.60 fy
_______ on the gross area. (NSCP 504.2.1)

For pin connected plates, the minimum net area beyond the pinhole parallel to the axis
80 of the member shall not be less than _______of the net area across the pinhole. (NSCP 2/3
504.4.2.1)
For pin connected members in which the pin is expected to provide for relative
movement between connected parts while under full load, the diameter of the pinhole
81 0.80mm
shall not be more than ______mm greater than the diameter of the pin. (NSCP
504.4.2.3)
The maximum longitudinal spacing of bolts, nuts and intermittent welds correctly two
82 rolled shapes in contact for a built up section shall not exceed ________. (NSCP 600 mm
505.5.4)
The ratio L/r for lacing bars arranged in single system shall not exceed ________.
83 140 mm
(NSCP 505.5.80)

84 The ratio L/r for lacing bars arranged in double system shall not exceed ________. 200 mm

For members bent about their strong or weak axes, members with compact sections
85 where the flanges continuously connected to web the allowable bending stress is .66 fy
_________. (NSCP 506.4.1.1)

For box type and tabular textural members that meet the non compact section
86 requirements of section 502.6, the allowable bending stress is ________. (NSCP .60 fy
506.4.1.1)

Bolts and rivets connecting stiffness to the girder web shall be spaced not more than
87 300 mm
______mm on centers. (NSCP 507.5.3)

Ira composite beam section, the actual section modulus of the transformed composite
section shall be used in calculating the concrete flexural compressed stress and for
88 75%
construction without temporary shores, this stress shall be based upon loading applied
after the concrete has reached _____% of its required strength

Shear connectors shall have at least ________mm of lateral concrete covering. (NSCP
89 25 mm
509.5.8)

The minimum center to center spacing of stud connectors along the longitudinal axis of
90 6 dia. Of connector
supporting composite beam is ____________.

The maximum center to center spacing of stud connectors along the longitudinal axis of
91 8 dia. Of connector
supporting composite beam is ____________. (NSCP 509.5.8)

Connections carrying calculated stresses, except for lacing, sag bars and girts, shall be
92 26.7
designed to support not less than ________Kn of force. (NSCP 510.10.61)

The connections at ends of tension or compression members in trusses shall develop

the force due to the design load, but no less than _______% at the effective strength of
93 50
the member unless a smaller percentage is justified by engineering analysis that
considers other factors including handling, shipping and erection. (NSCP 510.2.5.1)

13/39
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
 PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES

STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

When formed steel decking is a part of the composite beam, the spacing of stud shear
94 connector along the length of the supporting beam or girder shall not exceed 900
_______mm. (NSCP 509.6.1.2)

The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness greater than 20mm is
95 8 mm
________. (NSCP 510.3.3.2)

The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness 6mm is ________? (NSCP
96 3 mm
510.3.3.2)

The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness over 12mm to 20mm is
97 6 mm
________? (NSCP 510.3.3.2)

ž his is a secondary effect in shears and especially moments of frame members

T
98 P- Delta Effect
induced by vertical loads acting on laterally displaced building frame.

A storey whose strength is less than 80% of the strength of the storey above is
99 Weak Storey
considered as __________.

ž ospitals, Communication Centers, and others, which are necessary for emergency
H
100 Essential facilities
post-earthquake operations, are classified as ___________.

ž horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical
A
101 Diaphragm
resisting system including the horizontal bracing system.

102 This is essentially a vertical truss system provided to resist lateral forces of a building. Braced Frame

ž onstructing a high- rise building requires concrete that can easily be pumped. What
C
type of admixture in concrete the contractor will provide which can reduce the
103 Plasticizer
requirement of mixing water and produce a flowing concrete that does not segregate
and needs very little vibration

The records of test material and of concrete must be preserved after the completion of
104 2 years
the project for at least

105 ž
W hat is the weight of 1 cu. m. of steel? 7850 kg.

A type of gunite mixed with an accelerating admixture with aggregate larger than 10mm
106 Shotcrete
originally sprayed under high air pressure of lining tunnels

If a structure is judged under the condition either to be no longer useful for its intended
107 function or to unsafe, it has reached its __________. Limit State

A phenomenon of failure or damage that may result in sudden and brittle fracture of a
ductile material due to reversals of stresses applied to a body repeatedly or a great
108 Metal Fatigue
number of times.

??? act parallel to each other (offset to each other, a distance “d” apart), of the same
109 magnitude but ??? Couple
The load at which a perfectly straight member under compression assumes a deflected
110 position. Buckling Load
It is a point within the structure at which a member (beam/column) can rotate slightly to
eliminate all bending moment in the member at that point.
111 Hinge

14/39
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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ALEXANDER SANANDRES

STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
It is a beam type supported by a hinge/roller at one end and the other end is projecting
112 beyond a fixed support. Semi-Continous Beam

Floors in office buildings and in other buildings where partition locations are subject to
113 change shall be designed to support in addition to all other loads, a uniformly distributed 1000 pa
load equal to
The upward pressure against the bottom of the basement floor of a structure or road
114 slab caused by the presence of water. Uplift Pressure

The particular type of pin-connected tension member of uniform thickness with forged
loop or head of greater width than the body, with is proportioned to provide
115 Eyebar
approximately equal strength both in the head and the body.

A revetment consisting of rough stones of various sizes placed compactly to protect the
116 banks or bed of a river from the eroding effects of the flowing water. Riparap

A three-dimensional spatial structure made up of one or more curved slabs or folded

117 plateshose thicknesses are small compared to their other dimensions. Thin Shell
It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or other horizontal forces on
118 a building. Overturning Moment
It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or other horizontal forces on
119 Sway Brace
a building
This is designed as special foundation for intense column loads on a platform
120 consisting usually of two layers of rolled steel joists, one on top of other, at right angles. Grillage Foundation

Referring to any artificial method of strengthening the soil to reduce its shrinkage and
ensure that it will not move. Common methods are mixing the soil with cement or
121 Soil Stabilization
compaction
A pit dug in the basement floor during excavation made to collect water into which a
122 pump is placed the liquid to the sewer pipe. Sump Pit

An instrument which measures the actual displacement of the ground with respect to a
123 Seismometer
stationary point during an earthquake
The behavior of sandy soil to weaken its capacity to carry imposed loads when
subjected to vibration such as earthquake particularly when water table saturates this
124 Liquefaction
layer.
It is a beam especially provided over an opening for a door or window to carry the wall
125 over opening. Lintel Beam

For any given granular material, the steepest angle with horizontal, a heaped soil
126 Angle of Repose
surface will make in normal condition that will not slide
It is a long, straight beam which by the inspection if two hinges in alternate spans,
127 functions essentially as a cantilever beam. Gerber Beam

1. One of the constituent parts into which a structure may be resolved by analysis,
128 Structural member
having a unitary character and exhibiting a unique behavior under an applied load.
A major spatial division, usually one of a series, marked or partitioned off by the
129 Bay
principal vertical supports of a structure.
Of a pertaining to a structure or structural member having a load-carrying mechanism
130 One way
that acts in one direction only.
Any condition, as fracturing, buckling, or plastic deformation, that renders a structural
131 assembly, element, or joint incapable of sustaining the load-carrying function for which it Structural failure
was designed.

A point, surface, or mass that supports weight, esp. the area of contact between a
132 Bearing
bearing member, as a beam or truss, and a column, wall, or other underlying support.

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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

133 A structural member essential to the stability of a structural whole. Primary Member

134 The load on a structural element or member collected from its tributary area. Tributary Load
A means for binding a structural member to another or to its foundation, often to resist
135 Anchorage
uplifting and horizontal forces.
A slender rod driven through holes in adjacent parts to keep the parts together or to
136 Pin
permit them to move in one plane relative to each other.
A structural support that allows rotation but resist translation in a direction perpendicular
137 Roller Support
into or away from its face.

138 A wall of treated timber, masonry or concrete for holding in place a mass of earth. Retaining Wall

139 A wall supporting no load other than its own weight. Non bearing Wall
A finish or protective cap or course to an exterior wall, usually sloped or curved to shed
140 Coping
water.
141 A foundation wall that encloses a usable area under the building. Basement Wall

142 Any wall within a building, entirely surrounded by exterior wall. Interior Wall

143 A beam supporting the weight above a door or window opening. Lintel

A retaining wall of reinforce concrete or reinforce concrete masonry, cantilevered from

144 Cantilever wall
and securely tied to a spread footing that is shaped to resist overturning and sliding.

A galvanize wire basket filled with stones and used in constructing an abutment or
145 Gabion
retaining structure.

146 Yard lumber 5” or more in the least dimension. Timbers

Softwood lumber intended for general building purpose, including boards, dimension
147 Yard Lumber
lumber, and timber.
148 A check that extends completely through a board or wood veneer. Split

149 The presence of bark or absence of wood at a corner or along an edge of a piece. Wane

A vertical laminated wood beam made by fastening together 2 or more smaller

150 members with bolts, lag screws, or spikes, equal in strength to the sum of the strengths Built up Beam
of the individual pieces if none of the laminations are spliced.

A building material made of wood or other plant fibers compressed with a binder into
151 Fiber board
rigid sheets.

A pitched truss having tension members extending from the foot of each top chord to an
152 Scissors Truss
intermediate point of the opposite top chord.

153 Yard lumber less than 2” thick and 2” or more wide. Boards

154 A plate for uniting structural members meeting in a single plane. Gusset

A structural frame based on the geometric rigidity of the triangle and composed of linear
155 Truss
members subject only to axial tension or compression.

A joint that physically separates two adjacent building masses so that free vibratory
156 Seismic Joint
movement in each can occur independently of the other.

16/39
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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ALEXANDER SANANDRES

STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

The ability of a structure, when disturbed from a condition of equilibrium by an applied

157 Stability
load, to developed internal forces or moments that restore the original condition.

A cable anchorage that allows rotation but resists translation only in the direction of the
158 Cable Support
cable.

159 Yard lumber from 2” – 4” thick and 2” or more wide. Dimension Lumber

The potential high-shearing stress developed by the reactive force of a column on a

160 Punching Shear
reinforce slab.

161 A butt splice made by arc-welding the butted ends of two reinforcing bars. Welded Splice

Any of the U-shaped or closed-loop bars placed perpendicular to the longitudinal

162 Stirrup
reinforcement of a concrete beam to resist the vertical component of diagonal tension.

163 The integral system of members connecting the upper and lower chords of a truss. Web

An imaginary line passing through the centroid of the cross section of a beam or other
164 Neutral axis
member subject to bending, along which no bending stress occur.

The perpendicular distance a spanning member deviated from true course under
165 transverse loading, increasing with load and span, and decreasing with an increasing in Deflection
the moment of inertia of the section or the modulus of elasticity of the material.

166 The extent of space between two supports of a structure. Span

167 A projecting beam supported at only one fixed end. Cantilever Beam

The buckling of a structural member induced by compressive stresses acting on a

168 Lateral Buckling
slender portion insufficiently rigid in the lateral direction.

A graphical representation of the variation in magnitude of the bending moments

169 Moment Diagram
present in a structure for given set of transverse loads and support conditions.

A beam resting on a simple supports at both ends, which are free to rotate and have no
170 Simple Beam
moment resistance.
A point at which a structure changes curvature from convex to concave or vice versa as
171 it deflects under a transverse load: theoretically an internal hinge and therefore a point Inflection Point
of zero moment.
A slight convex curvature intentionally built into a beam, girder, or truss to compensate
172 Camber
for an anticipated deflection.
173 The center-to-center distance between the supports of a span. Effective Span
A rigid structural member designed to carry and transfer transverse loads across space
174 Beam
supporting elements.
An upright, relatively slender shaft or structure, usually of brick or stone, used as a
175 Pillar
building support or standing alone as a monument.
The lowest division of a building or other construction, partly or wholly below the surface
176 of the ground, designed to support and anchor the superstructure and transmit its load Foundation
directly to the earth.

A long slender column of wood, steel, or reinforced concrete, driven or hammered

177 Pile
vertically into the earth to form part of a foundation system.

17/39
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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ALEXANDER SANANDRES

STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

The part of foundation bearing directly upon the supporting soil, set below the frostline
178 Footing
and enlarged to distribute its load over a greater area.

A continuous or strip footing that changes levels in stages to accommodate a sloping

179 Stepped Footing
site or bearing stratum.

A graphical representation of the variation in magnitude of the external shears present

180 Shear Diagram
in a structure for a given set of transverse load and support conditions
A thick, slablike footing or reinforced concrete supporting a number of columns or an
181 Mat
entire building.
The actual pressure developed between a footing and the supporting soil mass, equal
182 Soil Pressure
to the quotient of the magnitude of the forces transmitted and the area of contact.

The gradual reduction in the volume of a soil mass resulting from the application of a
183 Consolidation
sustained load and an increase in compressive stress.

A reinforced concrete beam distributing the horizontal forces from an eccentrically load
184 Tie Beam
pile cap or spread footing to other pile caps or footings.

A foundation system that extends down through unsuitable soil to transfer building loads
185 Deep Foundation
to a more appropriate bearing stratum well below the superstructure.

One of several piles or post for supporting a structure above the surface of land and
186 Stilt
water.

187 A load extending over the length or area of the supporting structural element. Distributed Load

188 The forces exerted on a structure by an earthquake. Earthquake Load

189 A load acting on a very small area or particular point of a supporting structural element. Concentrated Load

A reinforced concrete slab or mat joining the heads of a cluster of piles to distribute the
190 Pile Cap
load from a column or grade beam equally among piles.

191 The moment of a force system that causes or tends to cause rotation. Torque

A load applied slowly to a structure until it reaches its peak value without fluctuating
192 Static Load
rapidly in magnitude or position.

A wall occurring below the floor nearest grade designed to support and anchors the
193 Foundation Wall
superstructure.

194 An applied force producing or tending to produce shear in a body. Shear Force

The twisting of an elastic body about its longitudinal axis caused by two equal and
195 Torsion
opposite torques, producing shearing stresses in the body.

The maximum tensile, compressive, or shearing stress a material can be expected to

196 Ultimate Strength
bear without rupturing or fracturing.

197 Length required for 180 deg Hook. 4d

198 Curing temperature for concrete. 22.8 deg. C

199 Who decides if Footing on Piles is needed for a building? Soil Mechanics

200 Minimum effective depth of pile cap? 300 mm

201 Minimum controudment of pile on pile cap? 100 mm

18/39
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
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ALEXANDER SANANDRES

STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
16d (rebar) , 48d (tiebar), least
202 The following are how to determine the spacing of a tie bar of a column? dim. Of a column

203 Minimum concrete cover of a column exposed in air / atmosphere. 40 mm

204 Minimum concrete cover of column pedestal exposed in underground soil. 70 mm

205 Length required for 90 deg hook. 12 d

206 ACI code: Minimum column dimension. 200 mm

207 Induce cracking at preselected location. Control Joints

The stress beyond which a marked increase in strain occurs in a material without a
208 Yield Point
concurrent increase in stress.
A joint between 2 parts of a building or structure permitting thermal or moisture
209 Expansion Joint
expansion to occur without damage to either part.
The breaking of a material resulting from the rupturing of its atomic bonds when
210 Fracture
stressed beyond its ultimate strength.
The act of shortening or state of being pushed together, resulting in a reduction in size
211 Compression
or volume of an elastic body.
212 Length required for 135 deg hook 6d

213 The deformation of a body under the action of an applied force. Strain
Allow movement between slab and fixed parts of the building such as columns, walls,
214 Isolation Joints
and machinery bases.
The resistance of a material to longitudinal stress, measure by the minimum amount of
215 Tensile Strength
longitudinal stress required to rupture the material.
The axial stress that develops at the cross section of an elastic body to resist the
216 Compressive Stress
collinear compressive forces tending to shorten it.

The property of a material that enables it to retain its appearance and integrity when
217 Weatherability
exposed to the effects of sun, wind, moisture, and changes in temperature.

A joint between two successive placement of concrete, often keyed or doweled to

218 Construction Joint
provide lateral stability across the joint.
219 The elongation of a unit length of material produced by a tensile stress. Tensile Strain
An internal force tangential to the surface on which it acts, developed by a body in
220 Shearing Force
response to a shear force.
221 A high-strength steel strand or bar for prestressing concrete. Tendons

A structural steel column thoroughly encased in concrete reinforced with both vertical
222 Composite Column
and spiral reinforcement.

Any of the longitudinal bars serving as tension reinforcement in the section of a

223 Top Bar
concrete beam or slab subjected to a negative movement.
The depth of a concrete section measured from the compression face to the centroid of
224 Effective Depth
the tension reinforcement.

A concrete section in which the tension reinforcement reaches its specified yield Under reinforced
225
strength before the concrete in compression reaches its assumed ultimate strain. Section

Minimum number of stories recommended to be provided with at least 3 approved

226 14
recording accelerographs

227 Maintenance and service of accelorographs shall be provided by the Owner

19/39
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
 PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES

STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Who shall be responsible for keeping the actual live load below the allowable limits and Occupant of the
228
shall be liable for any failure on the structure due to overloading Building

The period of continuous application of a given load or the aggregate of periods of

229 Load Duration
intermittent application of the same load
Minimum area in square meters a member supports which the design live load may be
230 14 sq.m.
reduced
Minimum height of any wall requiring structural design to resist loads onto which they
231 1.50m
are subjected
Maximum deflection of a brittle finished wall subjected to a load of 250 Pascal applied.
232 1/240 wall span
Perpendicular to said wall
Maximum deflection of flexible finished wall subjected to a load of 250 Pascal applied
233 1/120 wall span
perpendicular to said wall

234 Maximum floor area for a low-cost housing unit 60 m2

The level at which the earthquake motions are considered to be imparted to the
235 Base
structure of the level at which the structure as a dynamic vibrator is supported

A member or an element provided to transfer lateral forces from a portion of a structure

236 Collector
to vertical elements of the lateral force resisting system

A horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical
237 Diaphragm
resisting elements it includes horizontal bracing system

238 The total designed lateral force or shear at the base of a structure Base Shear

239 An element at edge of opening or at perimeters of shear walls or diaphragm Boundary Element
An essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or accentric type which is provided
240 Brace Frame
to resist lateral forces
241 A essentially complete space frame which provides supports for gravity loads Building Frame System
A combination of a Special or Intermediate Moment Resisting Space Frame and Shear
242 Dual System
Walls or Braced Frame
The form of braced frame where at least one end of each brace intersects a beam at a
243 Eccentric Brace Frame
point away from the column girder joint

244 The entire assemblage at the Intersection of the members Joints

The horizontal member in a frame system, a beam
245 -the major horizontal supporting member of the floor system Girder

An element of a diaphragm parallel to the applied load, which collects and transfers
246 diaphragm shear to vertical resisting elements of distributes loads within the diaphragm. Diaphragm Strut
Such members may take axial tension or compression

The boundary element of a diaphragm or a shear wall which is assumed to take axial
247 Diaphragm Chord
stresses analogous to the flanges of a beam

248 Those structures which are necessary for emergency post earthquake operations Essential facilities
Lateral Force Resisting
249 That part of the structural system assigned to resist lateral forces
system
Moment resisting space frame not meeting special detailing requirements for ductile Ord. Moment Resisting
250
behavior Space Frame
251 The displacement of one level relative to the level above or below Story Drift

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The usable capacity of a structure or its members to resist loads within the deformation
252 Strength
limits prescribed in this document
253 The lower rigid portion of a structure having a vertical combination of structural system Platform
Horizontal Bracing
254 Horizontal truss system that serves the same function as a diaphragm
System
An assemblage of framing members designed to support gravity loads and resist lateral
255 Structure
forces
A structural system without complete vertical load carrying space frame. This system
256 provides support for gravity loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls Bearing wall system
or braced frames

A structural system with essentially complete space frame providing support for gravity
257 Building Frame System
loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced frames

A structural system with an essentially complete space frame providing support for
Moment resisting
258 gravity loads. Moments resisting space frames provide resistance to lateral load
Frame system
primarily by flexural action of members.

259 Is one in which the story strength is less than 80% of that the story above Weak Storey

An elastic or inelastic dynamic analysis in which a mathematical model of the structure

is subjected to a ground motion time history. The structures time dependant dynamic
260 Time History analysis
response to these motion is obtained through numerical integration of its equations of
motions.

The effect on the structure due to earthquake motions acting in directions other than
261 Orthogonal Effect
parallel to the direction of resistance under consideration

The secondary effect on shears and moments of frame members induced by the
262 p-Delta effect
vertical loads acting on the laterally displaced building frame

Material other than water aggregate or hydraulic cement used as an ingredient of

263 Admixture
concrete and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties

264 Concrete that doesn’t not conform to definition of reinforced concrete plain concrete

Upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral
265 Pedestal
dimension of less than three (3 m)
Ratio of normal stress to corresponding strain for tensile or compressive stresses below
proportional limit of material
266 Modulus of Elasticity
-in the formula e=PL/AE, E stands for ___

In prestressed concrete, temporary force exerted by device that introduces tension into
267 Jacking Force
prestressing tendons

268 Length of embedded reinforcement provided beyond a critical section Embedment Length

Stress remaining in prestressing tendons after all losses have occurred, excluding
269 Effective Prestress
effects of dead load and superimposed loads

Length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength of

270 Development Length
reinforcement at a critical section

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271 Friction resulting from bends or curves in the specified prestressing tendon profile Curvature Friction

Structural Lightweight
272 Concrete containing lightweight aggregate
concrete
273 Prestressing tendon that is bonded to concrete either directly or through grouting Bonded Tendon

274 ASTM A36 Structural Steel

275 True or False, bar larger than 32mm in diameter shall not be bundled in beams TRUE
Minimum concrete cover for a Prestressed concrete for beams and columns for primary
276 40 mm
reinforcement
In a material under tension or compression, the absolute value of the ratio transverse
277 Poisson Ratio
strain to the corresponding longitudinal strain

278 In column, the ratio of its effective length to its least radius of gyration Slenderness Ratio

279 A quantity which measures the resistance of the mass to being revolved about a line Torsion

280 A type of concrete floor which has no beam Flat Slab

281 The tendency for one part of a beam to move vertically with respect to an adjacent part Shear

282 A change in shape of a material when subjected to the action of force Deformation
The maximum value of tension, compression, or shear respectively the material sustain
283 Yielding Stress
without failure
It means that by which a body develops internal resistance to stress
284 -Intensity of force per unit area Stress

The greatest stress which a material is capable of developing without permanent

285 Allowable Stress
deformation remaining upon the complete release of stress

286 Loop of reinforcing bar or wire enclosing longitudinal reinforcement Stirrup / Tie

287 The measure of stiffness of a material Stiffness Ratio

288 The failure in a base when a heavily loaded column strikes hole through it Punching Shear

289 The deformation of a structural member as a result of loads acting on it Deflection

290 Nominal thickness of a timber 6 inches

The sum of forces in the orthogonal directions and the sum of all moments about any
291 Equillibrium
points are zero

The complete records of tests conducted (slump, compression test, etc.) shall be
292 preserved and made available for inspection during the progress of construction and 2 years
after completion of the project for a period of not less than ___

293 Wood board should have a thickness specification not less than 1"x4"

294 The distance from the first to the last riser of a stair flight Run
A high-speed rotary shaping hand power tool used to make smooth cutting and curving
295 Portable Hand Router
on solid wood
296 Wood defects are: heart shake, cup shake, star shake and ___ Knots

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Smooth & Planed
297 Dressed lumber is referred to ___
Lumber
It refers to the occupancy load which is either partially or fully in place or may not be
298 Live Load
present at all
299 The other kind of handsaw other than rip cut saw Cross cut Saw

300 The distance between inflection points in the column when it breaks Effective Length
An expansion joint of adjacent parts of a structure to permit expected movements
301 Contraction Joint
between them
302 The total of all tread widths in a stair Total Run

303 The force adhesion per unit area of contact between two bonded surfaces Bond Stress

304 A structural member spanning from truss to truss or supporting a rafter Purlin
A connector such as a welded strut, spiral bar, or short length of channel which resists
305 Shear Connector
horizontal shear between elements
306 The force per unit area of cross section which tend to produce shear Shear Stress

307 The law that relates the linear relationship between stresses and strain Hooks Law
Minimum spacing of bolts in timber connection measured from center of bolts parallel
308 4 x dia. Of bolt
for parallel to grain loading is equal to ___
According to the provision of the NSCP on timber connection and fastening the loaded
309 4 x dia. Of bolt
edge distance for perpendicular to grain loading shall be at least

NSCP specifies spacing between rows of bolts for perpendicular to grain loading shall
310 2.5 times
be at least ___ times bolt diameter for L/d ratio of 2

Minimum diameter of bolts to be used in timber connections and fastening in

311 12 mm
accordance with NSCP specifications

312 Simple solid timber columns have slenderness ratio not exceeding ___ 50

Nails and spikes for which the wire gauges or lengths not set forth in the NSCP
313 11 dia.
specifications shall have a required penetration of not less than __

Notches in sawn lumber bending members in accordance with the NSCP specifications
314 1/6 depth of member
shall not exceed

315 Notches in sawn lumber shall not be located in the middle third span

316 Notches in the top and bottom of joist shall not exceed 1/4 depth
.60 of specified yield
317 Allowable stresses for tension in structural steel in terms of gross area
strength
.50 of specified min.
318 Allowable tensile stress of structural steel based on effective area
tensile strength
319 Allowable stress for tension on pin connected members based on net area 0.45 fy
Allowable shear stress on structural steel on the cross sectional area effective in
320 0.40 fy
resisting shear
For structures carrying live loads which induce impact, the assumed live load shall be
321 increased sufficiently to provide for same, for supports of elevators the increase shall 100%
be
322 The slenderness ratio of compression members shall not exceed ___ 200

323 The slenderness ratio main members in tension shall not exceed ___ 240

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Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than ___ for concrete
324 40 mm
exposed to earth or weather
Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than ___ for concrete
325 20 mm
not exposed to earth or weather
Curing of concrete (other than high-early strength) shall be maintained above 10 C and
326 7 days
in moist condition for at least the first ___ days after placement
If concrete in structure will dry under service conditions, cores shall be air-dried for ___
327 7 dyas
days before test and shall be tested dry.

Cutting for high early strength concrete shall be maintained above 10 C and in moist
328 3 days
condition for at least the ___days after placement

The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in layer shall be db (diameter of bar)
329 25mm
but not less than ___
180 deg. Bend +4db extension
330 Standard hooks used in reinforced concrete beam shall mean but not less than 65 mm at the
end of bar
90 deg. Bend + 6db
331 Standard hooks for stirrups and tie hooks 16mm bar and smaller
extension at free end
90 deg. Bend + 12db extension
332 Standard hooks for stirrups and thie hooks 20-25 mm bar at free end

333 Allowable tolerance on minimum concrete cover for depth greater than 200 mm .-12mm

334 Allowable tolerance for longitudinal location of bends and ends of reinforcement .+/- 50mm

Individual bars with a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members shall
335 40db
terminate at different points with a stagger of at least

Clear distance between pre-tensioning tendons at each end of member shall not be
336 3db
less than ___ for strands
Clear distance between pre-tensioning tendons at each of member shall to be less than
337 4db
___ for wire
Minimum concrete cover provided for reinforcement of cast in place against
338 75 mm
permanently exposed earth or weather using bars larger than 36 mm
Commonly designed as a beam which bears directly on the column footing
339 Grade Beam
a surface discontinuity caused by roughening or scratching
340 Abrasion
a narrow strip of wood applied to cover a joint along the edges of two parallel boards in
341 Batten
the same plane
bulges in plaster finish coat resulting from applying finish coat over to damp a base coat
342 Blistering
concrete structures under construction, a space where concrete is not to be placed.
343 Block out
an iron alloy usually including carbon and silicon which has high compressive strength
344 but low tensile strength. Cast iron
in a suspended acoustical ceiling, a groove cut into the edges of an acoustical tile to
345 receive splines or supporting members of the ceiling suspension system Kerf

a roofing tile which is the shape of an s when laid on its side

346 Pantile
a metaphoric rock made up of mostly calcite or dolomite
347 Marble
the process of producing metal shapes of a constant cross section by forcing the hot
348 metal through an orifice in a die by means of a pressure ram Extrusion

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a body acted upon by a balanced force system is in equilibrium
349 Static Equilibrium
is the action of one body upon another
350 Force
is a single force, a couple, or a force and a couple which acting alone produces the
351 same effect as the force system Resultant

states that the external effect of a force on a body acted upon is independent of the
Priniples of
352 point of application of the force but the same for all points along its line of action
Transmissibility
is an arrangement of any two or more forces that act on a body or on a group of related
353 bodies Force System
a sketch of a body showing the forces exerted by other bodies on the one being
354 considered Free body diagram
is acting parallel to member axis
355 Load
in uniform for homogenous sections
356 Stress
tends to elongate the body
357 Stress due to tension
tends to shorten the body Stress due to
358
compression
is an articulated structure composed of lines or bars assumed to be connected by
frictionless pin at the joints and arranged so that an area enclosed within the boundaries
359 of the structure is subdivided by the bars into geometric figures which are usually Truss
triangles.
are usually horizontal or nearly horizontal elements carrying a stress primarily due to
360 shear and flexure, they usually carry load directly from the floor. Beam & Girders

is a structure in which the reaction components and internal stress cannot be solved
361 completely using the equation of static equilibrium Detrminate structure
a system of framing a building on which floor joists of each storey rest on the top plates
of the storey below and the bearing walls and partitions rest on the subfloor of each
362 Western Framing
step
a pressure exerted against the underground portion of a building created by the
363 presence of water in the soil. Hydrostatic Pressure

a steel bolt usually fixed in building structures with its thread portion projecting
364 Anchor Bolt
a narrow piece of lumber nailed to the side of a beam along its bottom edge which
365 carries joist flush with the upper edge of the beam Ledger Strip

a flexible blanket type thermal insulation commonly used between studs or joists in
366 frame construction Batt insulation

a system of framing a building in which the studs are continuous to the roof supporting
367 the second floor joists Balloon Framing

the boxing in or covering a joist, beam or girder to give the appearance of a larger beam
368 Beam Blocking
allowable sag (NSCP)
369 100 mm
that part of a building foundation which forms the permanent retaining wall of the
370 structure below grade Foundation Wall

joints employed to reduce restraint by accommodating movement of masonry walls

371 Control Joints
a process where a piece of metal is heated prior to changing its shape or dimension
372 Forging

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a commercially pure iron of fibrous nature, valued for its corrosion resistance and
373 ductility Wrought Iron
carries the roof load between trusses or rafters
374 Purlin
usually a sloping beam carrying the reactions of purlins
375 Rafter
carries the masonry across the opening made by a door or window
376 Lintel
a closely spaced beam supporting the floor of a building
377 Joist

378 similar to a joist, it carries the flooring of a bridge Stringer

large sized beams usually carrying the floor beams
379 Girder
spans between columns and supports the floor and curtain walls
380 Spandrel
circular beam that transmits power to the machinery
381 it also carries torsion in addition to shear and flexure Shaft

large roughly molded sun-dried bricks of varying sizes

382 Adobe
is a mixture of sand and gravel held together in a rock-like mass with a paste of cement
383 and water. Concrete
is a combination of concrete and steel wherein the steel reinforcement provides the
384 tensile strength lacking in concrete Reinforced Concrete

height is less than three times the least dimension Pedestal or short
385
compression blocks
strength of column is significantly reduced due to slenderness
386 long or slender column
failure is initiated by material failure
387 Short column
a structural system without a complete vertical load-carrying space frame
388 Bearing wall system
a structural system with an essentially complete space frame providing supports for
389 gravity loads Building Frame System

the method of stiffening floor construction by fitting solid blocks between joists
390 Bridging
a shallow crack at closely spaced by irregular intervals on the surface of mortar or
391 concrete Checking
the stressing of un-bonded tendons after the concrete has cured
392 Post tensioning
a ready means of determining the consistency of freshly mixed concrete
393 Slump Test
the permanent reformation of a material under a sustained load
394 Creep
a principal member of a truss which extends from one end to the other primarily to resist
395 bending Chord
a composition of two or more metals fused together usually to obtain a desired property
396 alloy
the horizontal distance from the face of a lock latch to the center of the knob or lock
397 cylinder Backset
a joint formed by overlapping the edges of metal sheet or plated and joining them by
398 riveting, soldering and brizing. Lap seam
the tendency for one part of the beam to move vertically with respect to an adjacent part
399 Shear
any material change in shape when subjected to the action of a force
400 Deformation
the maximum value of tension, compression or shear respectively which the material
401 can sustain without failure Working Stress

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a permanent roofed structure attached to and supported by the building and projecting
402 over public property Marquee
is an extension or increase on floor area or height of a building structure
403 Addition
is a method of proportioning structural elements such that computed stresses produced Allowable Stress
404
in the elements by the allowable stress load combinations do not exceed specified Design
is any change, addition to or modification in construction or occupancy
405 Alteration
is any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy
406 Building
a building erected prior to the adoption of NSCP, or one for which a legal building permit
407 has been issued Existing Building
is a method of proportioning structural elements using load and resistance factors such
that no applicable limit state is reached when the structure is subjected to all LFRD (Load &
408 appropriate load combinations Resistance Factor
the term used in the design of steel and wood structures Design)
is a method of proportioning structural elements such that the computed forces
produced in the elements by the factored load combinations do not exceed the factored
Ultimate Strength
409 element strength
Design
the term is used in the design of concrete and masonry structures

is that which is built or constructed, an edifice or a building of any kind, or any piece of
410 work, artificially built up or composed of parts joined together in some definite manner Structure

is a resigned civil engineer with a special qualification in the practice of structural

engineering as recognized by the board of civil engineering of the professional
411 Structural Engineer
regulation commission

is a structural unit, the integral parts of which have been built up or assembled prior to
Prefab / precast
412 incorporating in the building
assembly
in-place solid rock
413 Bedrock
is a relatively level step excavated into earth material on which fill is to be placed
414 Bench
is earth material acquired from an off-site location for use in grading on-site
415 Borrow
is the densification of fill by mechanical means
416 Compaction
is any rock, natural soil or fill or any combination thereof
417 Earth Material
is the wearing away of the ground surface as a result of the movement of wind, water or
418 ice Erosion
is the mechanical removal of earth material
419 Excavation
is a deposit of earth material placed by artificial means
420 Fill

421 is the vertical location of the ground surface Grade

is the grade prior to grading
the elevation of the original ground surface before excavation or grading begins
422 Existing grade
also called natural grade

final grade of the site that conforms to the approved plan

the elevation of drives, walks, lawns, or other improved surfaces after completion of
423 Finish Grade
construction or grading operations

the stage at which the grade approximately conforms to the approved plan
424 Rough Grade

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is any excavating or filling or combination thereof
425 Grading
is an inclined ground surface the inclination of which is expressed as a ration of vertical
426 distance to horizontal distance Slope
is a designed compacted fill placed in a trench excavated in earth material beneath the
427 toes of a proposed fill slope Key

is naturally occurring deposits overlying bedrock

428 Soil
is a relatively level step constructed in the face of a graded slope for drainage and
429 maintenance purposes Terrace

is an assembly consisting of panels mounted on pedestals to provide an under-floor

space for the installation of mechanical, electrical, communications or similar systems
430 Access floor system
or to serve as an air supply or return air plenum

is a building or portion of a building for the gathering together of fifty or more persons
for such purposes as deliberation, education, instruction, worship, entertainment,
431 Assembly Building
amusement, drinking or dining or awaiting transportation

is a shelter supported entirely from the exterior wall of the building

432 Awning
is an exterior floor system projecting from a structure and supported by that structure
433 with no additional independent supports Exterior Balcony
consist of the weight of all materials and fixed equipment incorporated into the building
434 or other structure Dead Loads
is an exterior floor system supported on at least two opposing sides by an adjoining
435 structure and/or posts, piers, or other independent supports Deck

are buildings and other structures that are intended to remain operational in the event of
436 extreme environmental loading from wind or earthquakes Essential facilities

is a building or portion thereof in which motor vehicle containing flammable or

437 combustible liquids or gas in its tank is stored, repaired or kept Garage
is a building or portion of a building, not more than 90sq.m in area, in which only motor
vehicles used by the tenants of the building or building on the premises are kept and
438 Private Garage
stored
is a condition in which a structure or component is judged either to be no longer useful
439 for its intended function or to be unsafe Limit state
a condition in which a structure or component is judged to be no longer useful for its
440 intended function Serviceaility Limit State
is a condition in which a structure or component is judged to be unsafe
441 Strength Limit State

loads produced by the use and occupancy of the building or other structure and do not
include dead load, construction load, or environmental load such as wind load, snow
442 Live Load
load, rain load, earthquake load or flood load

forces or other actions that result from the weight of all building materials, occupants
and their possessions, environmental effects, differential movements, and restrained
443 Loads
dimensional changes

is the highest part of a bridge pier, on which the bridge bearings or rollers are seated. It
444 may be of Bridge Cap
stone, brick or plain or reinforced concrete, usually the last for heavy loads.

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a wood, steel, or pre-cast concrete beam directly supporting a floor. Usually wooden
445 Joist
joist.

load which may be removed or replaced on a structure, not necessarily a dynamic load
446 excluding Liveloads
wind and earthquake loads. Live loads are moving loads or movable loads.

a large beam, originally of wood or iron, now usually of steel or concrete, though light
447 alloys have Girder
occasionally been used. Apart from the bowstring girder its chords are parallel.

total bending effect at any section of a beam is called the bending moment. It is equal to
thealgebraic sum of all the moments to the right of the section (or to the left of the
448 section, whichamounts to the same thing) and is called M for short. Every bending Bending moment
moment can be expressed as aforce times a distance called the arm. units are pound-
inches, ton-inches, kg-m, N-m, tonne-m, etc.

gravel, sand, slag, crushed rock or similar inert materials which form a large part of
449 Aggregates
concretes,asphalts or roads including macadam.

in concrete or mortar, a substance other than aggregate, cement or water added in

small quantity,normally less than 5% of the weight of the cement, to alter the properties
of the mix or the hardenedsolid. Some 80% of the concrete made in North America,
Australia, Japan and most of Europecontains an admixture, and more than half contains
air-entraining agent. Other admixtures are
450 accelerators, bonding admixtures, super plasticizers, water reducers, retarders, anti- Admixture
freeze,corrosion inhibitors, pore fillers and thickening agents. Shrinkage preventers,
coloring (pigments),damp-proofing, expanding, fungicidal, gas-forming, grouting and
flocculating agents also exist. Forconcretes with high cement needed to such an extent
that the admixture pays for itself without harmto the physical properties. But this saving
probably never occurs with very lean concretes.

an admixture which hastens the hardening rate and/or initial setting time of concrete.
Calciumchloride (CaCI2) was widely used, but because it can corrode embedded steel
it is now banned inthe UK except in unreinforced concrete. Chloride-free accelerators
451 Accelerator
that are safe with steel are based on inorganic chemicals including formats, nitrates and
thiocyanates. Sodium carbonate (washing soda) can be used to make a flash set for
quick repairs but It weakens the concrete.

an admixture which slows up the setting rate of concrete, sometimes applied to

452 formwork so thatwhen it is stripped the cement paste which has been in contact with it Retarder
can be removed by light brushing.

453 making a hole in rock blasting, using a rotative or percussive drill. Boring

piece of steel plate, usually roughly rectangular or triangular, w/c connects the members
454 Gusset Plate
of a truss.

When a heavily loaded column punches a hole through a base, the base is said to fail
by punching shear. Punching shear is prevented by thickening the base or enlarging the
455 Punching Shear
foot of the column so that the shear stress (assumed uniform) round the perimeter of
the column does not exceed twice the allowable shear stress in concrete.

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for any material the ratio of the stress (force per unit area) to the strain (deformation per
456 Modulus of Elasticity
unit length).

the stress at which noticeable, suddenly increased deformation occurs under slowly
457 Yield Point
increasing load

the stress beyond which further load causes permanent set. In most materials the
458 elastic limit is also Elastic Limit
the limit of proportionality.

the water content at the lower limit of the plastic state of a clay. It is the minimum water
459 Plastic Limit
content at which a soil can be rolled into a thread of 3 mm diameter without crumbling.

the elastic movement of loaded parts of a structure. The word often refers to the sinking
460 of the midspan of a beam which in British housing generally is not allowed to exceed Deflection
1/325 of the span.

the load acting across a bean near its support. For a uniformly distributed load or for
461 any other symmetrical load, the maximum shear is equal to half the total load on a Shear
simply supported beam, or to the total load on a cantilever beam.

the force on a member divided by the area which carries the force, formerly expressed
462 Stress
in psi, now in N/mm2, MPa, etc.

a change in length caused usually by a force applied to a piece, the change being
463 Strain
expressed as a ratio, the increase or decrease divided by the original length.

464 a core wall. Shear Wall

test for the stiffness of wet concrete. A conical mold is filled with concrete, well rammed,
and then carefully inverted and emptied over a flat plate. The amount by which the
concrete cone drops below the top of the mold is measured and is called the slump.
465 This test is valuable only when the aggregates are used all the time and in the same Slump Test
proportions. It then gives a rough idea if the water content of the mix. This otherwise
most useful test cannot be applied to stiff concretes with slump of less than about 20
mm.

a structural member designed to resist loads which bend it. The bending effect at any
466 point in a beam is found by calculating the bending moment. Beams are usually of Beam
wood, steel, light alloy, or reinforced or pre-stressed concrete.

467 a post carrying compressive force. Column

the bending moment at the support of a beam required to fix it in such a way that it
468 Fixed End Moment
cannot rotate, so that it has a fixed end.

in concrete work, a break in a structure made to allow for the drying and temperature
shrinkages (of concrete or masonry) thus to prevent cracks forming at undesirable
469 Contraction Joint
places. Since all materials containing cement' shrink appreciably on drying, contraction
joints are needed in every long structure.

470 a pre-stressing bar, cable, rope, strand or wire. Tendon

471 the US term for ground beam Grade Beam

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concrete members are pre-cast, in a works, with the tensioned wires embedded in
them. The wires are anchored either against the molds or against permanent abutments
in the ground. After hardening, the concrete is released from the mold and the wires are
cut at the anchorage. This method may give a larger loss of pre-stress than with post-
tensioning but is usually economical for small members and may produce better
472 Pre-tensioning
concrete since it is always factory controlled. In long-line pre-stressing, used for the pre-
casting of pre-tensioned floor slabs or beams, the casting bed may be as much as 180
m long; enabling units may be 1.2 m, and their thickness 15, 20 or 25 em. They usually
have tubular voids running down the length and occupying about 30% of the cross-
section.

concrete beams, columns, lintels, piles, and parts of walls and floors which are cast and
partlymatured on the site or in a factory before being lifted into their position in a
473 structure. Where many of the same unit are required, pre-casting may be more Pre cast Concrete
economical than casting in place, may give a better surface finish, reduce shrinkage of
the concrete on the site, and make stronger concrete.

either a geophone, used in seismic prospecting, or a device for detecting earthquake

474 shocks. An early seismometer made in Japan about AD 136 consisted of balls dropping Seismometer
from a dragon's mouth into a frog's to show the direction of the shock.

the waste glass-like product from a metallurgical furnace. which flows off above the
475 Slag
metal.

476 ACI term for grip length. Embedment Length

477 the weight of a structure and any permanent loads fixed on it. Dead Loads

gradually increasing permanent deformation of a material under stress, well known in

478 Creep
metals as hightemperature creep.

479 the effective height of a column divided by its radius of gyration, Slenderness Ratio

the strain energy stored in an elastic material per unit of volume.Steel can store 0.027
480 Resillience
kg-m/cm3, rubber about 0.54 kg-m/cm3.
the ability of a metal to undergo cold plastic deformation without breaking, particularly
481 Ductility
by pulling in cold drawing.
482 the ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain in a material. Modulus of Rigidity

the breaking stress of a cast-iron, wooden or mass concrete rectangular beam,

483 calculated onthe assumptions that the tensile strains in the beam are equal distances Modulus of rupture
from the neutral axis.

484 A link around the main steel in a concrete column, beam or pile. Tie

485 a pile (usually driven not bored) at an angle to the vertical. Batter Pile
a widening of any structure at the foot to improve its stability, in breakwaters, earth or
486 other dams, or Footing
simple walls.
487 the vertical plate joining the flanges of any beam or rail, of whatever material. Web

488 a weld of roughly triangular cross-section between two pieces at right angles. Fillet Weld

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489 a relatively fixed point whose level is known and used as a datum for leveling. Bench Mark

490 a flat roof or a quay, jetty or bridge floor, generally a floor with no roof over. Deck

491 a long column, usually of wood or metal, not necessarily vertical. Strut
for elastic materials strained by a force in one direction, there will be a corresponding
492 strain in all Poisson Ratio
directions perpendicular to this, equal to p times the strain in the direction of the force. Zoning, site characteristics
The procedures and limitations for the design of structures shall be determined by the Occupancy,
493 configuringstructural system,
following factors.
and height

Minimum number of stories recommended to be provided with at least 3 approved

494 14
recording accelerographs.

495 Maintenance and service of accelerographs shall be provided by the___. Owner

Who shall be responsible for keeping the actual live load below the allowable limits and Occupant of the
496
shall be liable for any failure on the structure due to overloading. building

The period of continuous application of a given load or the aggregate of periods of

497 Load duration
intermittent application of the same load.

Minimum area in square meters a member supports which the design live load may be
498 14 sqm.
reduced.

Minimum height of any wall requiring structural design to resist loads onto which they
499 1.50 mts.
are subjected.

Maximum deflection of a brittle finished wall subjected to a load of 250 Pascal applied
500 1/240 of wall span
perpendicular to said wall.

Maximum deflection of a flexible finished wall subjected to a load of 250 Pascal applied
501 1/120 of wall span
perpendicular to said wall.

502 Maximum floor area for a low-cost housing unit. 60 sqm.

The level at which the earthquake motions are considered to be imparted to the
503 Base
structure or the level at which the structure, as a dynamic vibrator, is supported.

A member or an element provided to transfer lateral forces from a portion of a structure

504 Collector
to vertical elements of the lateral force resisting system.

A horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical
505 Diaphragm
resisting elements, it includes horizontal bracing system.

506 The total designed lateral force or shear at the base of a structure. Base Shear, V

507 An element at edge of opening or at perimeters of shear walls or diaphragm. Boundary Element

An essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or eccentric type which is provided
508 Braced Frame
to resist lateral forces.

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509 An essentially complete space frame which provides supports for gravity loads. Building Frame System

A combination of a Special or Intermediate Moment Resisting Space Frame and Shear

510 Dual System
Walls or Braced Frames.

That form of braced frame where at least one end of each brace intersects a beam at a Eccentric Braced Frame
511
point away from the column girder joint. (EBF )

512 The entire assemblage at the intersection of the members. Joint

513 The horizontal member in a frame system, a beam. Girder

An element of a diaphragm parallel to the applied load which collects and transfers
514 diaphragm shear to vertical resisting elements or distributes loads within the diaphragm. Diaphragm Strut
Such members may take axial tension or compression.
The boundary element of a diaphragm or a shear wall which is assumed to take axial
515 Diaphragm Chord
stresses analogous to the flanges of a beam

516 Those structures which are necessary for emergency post-earthquake operations. Essential facilities

Lateral Force Resisting

517 That part of the structural system assigned to resist lateral forces.
System

Ordinary Moment
518 Moment resisting space frame not meeting special detailing requirements for ductile
Resisting

519 The displacement of one level relative to the level above or below. Story Drift

The usable capacity of a structure or its members to resist loads within the deformation
520 Strength
limits prescribed in this document.

521 The lower rigid portion of a structure having a vertical combination of structural system. Platform

Horizontal Bracing
522 Horizontal truss system that serves the same function as a diaphragm.
System

An assemblage of framing members designed to support gravity loads and resist lateral
523 Structure
forces.
A structural system without complete vertical load carrying space frame. This system
524 provide support for gravity loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or Bearing Wall System
braced frames.
A structural system with essentially complete space frame providing support for gravity
525 Building Frame System
loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced frames.
A structural system with an essentially complete space frame providing support for
Moment Resisting
526 gravity loads. Moment resisting space frames provide resistance to lateral load primarily
Frame System
by flexural action of members.

527 Is one in which the story strength is less than 80% of that of the story above. Weak Story

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An elastic or inelastic dynamic analysis in which a mathematical model of the structure
is subjected to a ground motion time history. The structure's time-dependant dynamic
528 Time History Analysis
response to these motion is obtained through numerical integration of its equations of
motions.
The effects on the structure due to earthquake motions acting in directions other than
529 Orthogonal Effect
parallel to the direction of resistance under consideration.

The secondary effect on shears and moments of frame members induced by the
530 P-delta Effect
vertical loads acting on the laterally displaced building frame.

Material other than water, aggregate, or hydraulic cement, used as an ingredient of

531 Admixture
concrete and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties.

532 Concrete that does not conform to definition of reinforced concrete. Plain Concrete

Upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral
533 Pedestal
dimension of less than three.

Ratio of normal stress to corresponding strain for tensile or compressive stresses below
534 Modulus of Elasticity
proportional limit of material.

In prestressed concrete, temporary force exerted by device that introduces tension into
535 Jacking Force
prestressing tendons.

536 Length of embedded reinforcement provided beyond a critical section. Embedment Length

Stress remaining in prestressing tendons after all losses have occurred, excluding
537 Effective Prestress
effects of dead load and superimposed loads.

Length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength of

538 Development Length
reinforcement at a critical section.

539 Friction resulting from bends or curves in the specified prestressing tendon profile. Curvature Friction

Structural Lightweight
540 Concrete containing lightweight aggregate.
Concrete

541 prestressing tendon that is bonded to concrete either directly or through grouting. Bonded Tendon

542 ASTM A36 Structural Steel

543 High-Yield Strength Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate, Suitable for Welding. ASTM A514

544 True or False, Bar larger than 32mm in diameter shall not be bundled in beams. TRUE

Minimum concrete cover for a Prestressed concrete for beams and columns for primary
545 40 mm
reinforcements.

In a material under tension or compression, the absolute value of the ratio of transverse
546 Poisson's Ratio
strain to the corresponding longitudinal strain.

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547 In column, the ratio of its effective length to its least radius of gyration. Slenderness Ratio

548 A quantity which measures the resistance of the mass to being revolved about a line. Torsion

549 A type of concrete floor which has no beam. Flat Slab

550 The tendency for one part of a beam to move vertically with respect to an adjacent part. Shear

551 A change in shape of a material when subjected to the action of force. Deformation

The maximum value of tension, compression, or shear respectively the material sustain
552 Yielding Stress
without failure.

553 It means that by which a body develops internal resistance to 'stress'. Stress

The greatest stress which a material is capable of developing without permanent

554 Allowable Stress
deformation remaining upon the complete release of stress.

555 Intensity of force per unit area. Stress

556 Loop of reinforcing bar or wire enclosing longitudinal reinforcement. Tie / Stirrup

557 The measure of stiffness of a material. Stiffness Ratio

558 The failure in a base when a heavily loaded column strikes a hole through it. Punching Shear

559 The deformation of a structural member as a result of loads acting on it. Deflection

560 Nominal thickness of of a timber. 6 inches

The sum of forces in the othorgonal directions and the sum of all moments about any
561 Equilibrium
points are zero.
The complete records of tests conducted (slump, compression test, etc.) shall be
562 preserved and made available for inspection during the progress of completion of the 2 years
project for a period of not less than. construction and after

563 Wood board should have a thickness specification of. not less than 1"X4"

564 The distance from the first to the last riser of a stair flight. Run

A high-speed rotary shaping had power tool used to make smooth cutting and curving
565 Portable Hand router
on solid wood.

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566 The major horizontal supporting member of the floor system. Girder

567 Wood defects are: heart shake, cup shake, star shake, and___. Knots

Smoothed or planed
568 Dressed lumber is referred to ___.
lumber

569 The other kind of handsaw other than rip-cut saw. Cross-cut saw

It refers to the occupancy load which is either partially or fully in place or may not be
570 Live load
present at all.

571 The distance between inflection points in the column when it breaks. Effective length

572 The amount of space measured in cubic units. Volume

573 In the formula e=PL/AE, E stands for___. Modulus of Elasticity

An expansion joint of adjacent parts of a structure to permit expected movements

574 Contraction joint
between them.

575 the total of all tread widths in a stair. Total run

576 The force adhesion per unit area of contact between two bonded surfaces. Bond Stress

577 A structural member spanning from truss to truss or supporting a rafter. Purlin

Size of Dead Load

578 Size of camber for a 25 meters steel truss.
Defelection

A connector such as a welded strut, spiral bar, or short length of channel which resists
579 Shear Connector
horizontal shear between elements.

Shear Stress / Shearing

580 The force per unit area of cross section which tends to produce shear.
Stress

Size of Dead Load

581 Size of camber for a 25 meters steel truss.
Defelection

582 The law that relates the linear relationship between stresses and strains Hook's Law

Minimum spacing of Bolts in timber connectionn measured from center of bolts parallel
583 4 X diameter of bolt
for parallel to grain loading is equal to ___.

According to the provisions of the NSCP on timber connections and fastenings, the
584 4 X diameter of bolt
lodaed edge distance for perpendicular to grain loading shall be at least ___.

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NSCP specifies spacing between rows of bolts for perpendicular to grain loading shall
585 2.5
be at least ___ times bolt diameter for L/d ratio of 2.

Minimum diameter of bolts to be used in timber connections and fastening in

586 12 mm
accordance with NSCP specifications.

587 Simple solid timber columns have slenderness ratio not exceeding ___. 50

Nails or spikes for which the wire gauges or lengths not set forth in the NSCP
588 11 diameters
specifications shall have a required penetration of not less than ___.

Notches in sawn lumber bending members in accordance with the NSCP specifications
589 1/6 depth of member
shall not exceed.

590 Notches in sawn lumber shall not be located in the ___. Middle Third Span

591 Notches in the top and bottom of joists shall not exceed ___. 1/4 the depth

0.60 of specified min.

592 Allowable stresses for tension in structural steel in terms of gross area.
yield stress
0.50 of specified
593 Allowable tensile stress of structural steel based on effective area. minimum tensile
strength

594 Allowable stress for tension on pin connected members based on net area. 0.45 Fy

Allowable shear stress on structural steel on the cross sectional area effective in
595 0.40 Fy
resisting shear.
For structures carrying live loads which induce impact, the assumed live load shall be
596 increased sufficiently to provide for same, for supports of elevators the increase shall 100%
be.

597 The slenderness ratio of compression members shall not exceed ___. 200

598 The slenderness ratio main members in tension shall not exceed ___. 240

Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than ___ for concrete
599 40 mm
exposed to earth or weather.

Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than ___ for concrete
600 20 mm
not exposed to earth or weather.

Curing of concrete (other than high-early strength) shall be maintained above 10°C and
601 7
in moist condition for at least the first ___ days after placement.

If concrete in structure will dry under service conditions, cores shall be air-dried for ___
602 7
days before test and shall be tested dry.

Curing for high-early strength concrete shall be maintained above 10°C and in moist
603 3
condition for at least the ___ days after palcement.

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The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in layer shall be db (diameter of bar)
604 25 mm
but not less than ___.
180° bend + 4db
605 Standard hooks used in reinforced concrete beam shall mean. extension but not less
than 65mm at free end
90° bend + 6db
606 Standard hooks for stirrups and tie hooks 16mm bar and smaller.
extension at free end

90° bend + 12db

607 Standard hooks for stirrups and tie hooks 20-25mmbar.
extension at free end

608 Allowable tolerance on minimum concrete cover for depths greater than 200mm –12 mm

609 Allowable tolerance for longitudinal location of bends and ends of reinforcement. ± 50 mm

Individual bars with a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members shall
610 40db
teminate at different points with a stagger of at least ___.

Clear distance between pre-tensioning tendons at each end of member shall not be
611 3db
less than ___ for strands.

Clear distance between pre-tensioning tendons at each end of member shall not be
612 4db
less than ___ for wire.

Minimum concrete cover provided for reinforcement of cast in place against

613 75 mm
permanently exposed to earth or weather using bars larger than 36mm.

614

615

616

617

618

619

620

621

622

623

624

625

626

627

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628

629

630

631

632

633

634

635

636

637

638

639

640

641

642

643

644

645

646

647

648

649

650

651

652

653

654

655

656

657

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