QT Technical Manual 02272018

Quality Tubing Products
Technical Manual
This document contains proprietary and confidential information

which belongs to National Oilwell Varco, L.P., its affiliates or
subsidiaries (all collectively referred to hereinafter as “NOV”). It is
loaned for limited purposes only and remains the property of
NOV. Reproduction, in whole or in part, or use of this design or
distribution of this information to others is not permitted without
the express written consent of NOV. This document is to be
returned to NOV upon request and in any event upon completion
of the use for which it was loaned. This document and the
information contained and represented herein is the copyrighted
property of NOV. ©National Oilwell Varco
QUALITY TUBING
10303 Sheldon Road
Houston, TX 77049
T: 281.783.1000
E: qualitytubing@nov.com
nov.com/qualitytubing
Contents
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Quality Tubing Worldwide ...................................................................................................................................... 1
Continuous Improvement....................................................................................................................................... 1
Quality Tubing Technical Manual ........................................................................................................................... 1
Our Locations .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
2 Design, Manufacturing, Testing and Quality .................................................................................................................. 2
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 2
Early Designs ........................................................................................................................................................... 2
The Quality Tubing Difference ................................................................................................................................ 2
String Design ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
The Patented Strip Joining Process......................................................................................................................... 3
Quality Control of the Strip Bias Weld.................................................................................................................... 3
Modern Tube Mill ................................................................................................................................................... 3
The Tube Forming Operation ................................................................................................................................. 4
Welding the Tube ................................................................................................................................................... 4
Weld Flash Removal ............................................................................................................................................... 4
Seam Annealing ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
Full Body Stress Relief and Cooling......................................................................................................................... 4
Nondestructive Examination (NDE) ........................................................................................................................ 4
Prove-Up Inspection ............................................................................................................................................... 5
Hydrostatic Testing ................................................................................................................................................. 5
ID Gauge Test .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Posi-Plugs ................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Quality Laboratory Testing ..................................................................................................................................... 5
3 Standard Product Specifications and Dimensions .......................................................................................................... 7
Standard Product List ............................................................................................................................................. 7
Ordering Information for Standard Products ......................................................................................................... 7
QT-700 Technical Data Sheet ................................................................................................................................. 8
QT-800 Technical Data Sheet ............................................................................................................................... 10
QT-900 Technical Data Sheet ............................................................................................................................... 12
QT-1000 Technical Data Sheet ............................................................................................................................. 14
HO-70 Technical Data Sheet ................................................................................................................................. 21
Footnotes to Specification Tables ........................................................................................................................ 23
Cautionary Notes .................................................................................................................................................. 23
Coiled Tubing Dimensions, Areas and Volumes ................................................................................................... 24
Flash-Free ............................................................................................................................................................. 25
TRUE-TAPER .......................................................................................................................................................... 26
4 Special Product: QT-16Cr Coiled Tubing ....................................................................................................................... 28
Product Notice August 13,2008:........................................................................................................................... 28
Corrosion Testing .................................................................................................................................................. 29
qualitytubing@nov.com nov.com/qualitytubing i
5 Standard Services, Shipping, Product Development and Quality................................................................................. 30
Standard Services ................................................................................................................................................. 30
Optional Services .................................................................................................................................................. 30
Shipment of Coiled Tubing ................................................................................................................................... 31
Certification and Documentation ......................................................................................................................... 31
Product Development........................................................................................................................................... 31
Policy on Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (N.O.R.M.) ........................................................................... 33
6 General Engineering Information ................................................................................................................................. 35
Definitions and Equations (US Customary Units) ................................................................................................. 35
Calculation Examples ............................................................................................................................................ 38
Conversion of US Customary Units to SI (Metric) Units ....................................................................................... 39
Coiled Tubing Material Properties (Carbon Steel) ................................................................................................ 41
Coiled Tubing, Drill Pipe and Casing Strength Data .............................................................................................. 41
7 Collapse Pressure.......................................................................................................................................................... 44
Collapse Pressure for New Coiled Tubing ............................................................................................................. 44
The Effect of Ovality on New Coiled Tubing ......................................................................................................... 44
The Effect of Load and Torque ............................................................................................................................. 45
Some Variables that May Affect Collapse ............................................................................................................ 47
Calculation Examples ............................................................................................................................................ 47
8 Friction Pressure Drop .................................................................................................................................................. 50
Hydrostatic Head .................................................................................................................................................. 50
Reynolds Number ................................................................................................................................................. 50
Friction Factor ....................................................................................................................................................... 51
Determining Pressure Drop .................................................................................................................................. 51
9 Welding Technology ..................................................................................................................................................... 53
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 53
Qualified Welding Procedure ............................................................................................................................... 53
Qualified Welder................................................................................................................................................... 54
Tubing Condition at Time of Welding and Weld Preparation .............................................................................. 54
Welding Environmental Conditions ...................................................................................................................... 54
Weld Finishing and Inspection.............................................................................................................................. 55
Review of Welding Parameters for Coiled Tubing ................................................................................................ 55
10 Standard Spool Capacity Chart ..................................................................................................................................... 59
Spool Dimensions ................................................................................................................................................. 59
Weights ................................................................................................................................................................. 59
Tubing Lengths...................................................................................................................................................... 59
Length ................................................................................................................................................................... 60
Trailer Heights....................................................................................................................................................... 60
Warning ................................................................................................................................................................ 60
Conversions .......................................................................................................................................................... 60
11 Service Center Operations ............................................................................................................................................ 61
Spooling ................................................................................................................................................................ 61
Cleaning ................................................................................................................................................................ 61
OD Scale/Dirt/Corrosion By-Product Removal ..................................................................................................... 61
ID Scale/Dirt/Corrosion By-Product Removal ....................................................................................................... 61
Wireline Operations ............................................................................................................................................. 61
qualitytubing@nov.com nov.com/qualitytubing ii
Nondestructive Inspection of Tubing ................................................................................................................... 62
Full Body Electromagnetic Inspection .................................................................................................................. 62
Repair .................................................................................................................................................................... 64
Tube-to-Tube Weld Nondestructive Testing ........................................................................................................ 64
Corrosion Protection .................................................................................................................................... 64
12 Standard Terms and Warranty ..................................................................................................................................... 66
qualitytubing@nov.com nov.com/qualitytubing iii

Table of Equations
Equation 1: Minimum wall thickness ..................................................................................................................................... 23
Equation 2: Minimum wall thickness for HO-70..................................................................................................................... 23
Equation 3: Calculated inside diameter.................................................................................................................................. 23
Equation 4: Plain end mass..................................................................................................................................................... 23
Equation 5: Specified wall thickness....................................................................................................................................... 35
Equation 6: Inside diameter ................................................................................................................................................... 35
Equation 7: Tube cross-sectional area.................................................................................................................................... 36
Equation 8: Plain end mass per unit length ............................................................................................................................ 36
Equation 9: Pipe body yield load and tensile load.................................................................................................................. 36
Equation 10: Internal yield pressure ...................................................................................................................................... 36
Equation 11: Quality Tubing hydrostatic test pressure .......................................................................................................... 37
Equation 12: Torsional yield strength..................................................................................................................................... 37
Equation 13: Flow area ........................................................................................................................................................... 38
Equation 14: Internal capacity ................................................................................................................................................ 38
Equation 15: External displacement ....................................................................................................................................... 38
Equation 16: Outside diameter (metric)................................................................................................................................. 39
Equation 17: Wall thickness (metric) ...................................................................................................................................... 39
Equation 18: Inside diameter (metric).................................................................................................................................... 39
Equation 19: Plain end mass (metric) ..................................................................................................................................... 40
Equation 20: Specified minimum yield strength (metric) ...................................................................................................... 40
Equation 21: Torsional strength (metric) ............................................................................................................................... 40
Equation 22: Pipe body yield load (metric) ............................................................................................................................ 40
Equation 23: Internal yield pressure (metric)......................................................................................................................... 40
Equation 24: Quality Tubing hydrostatic test pressure (metric) ............................................................................................ 40
Equation 25: Collapse pressure (metric) ................................................................................................................................ 40
Equation 26: Stretch formula ................................................................................................................................................. 41
Equation 27: Free point calculation........................................................................................................................................ 42
Equation 28: Free point constant ........................................................................................................................................... 43
Equation 29: Tube ovality ....................................................................................................................................................... 44
Equation 30: Timonshenko equation 1 for collapse pressure ................................................................................................ 44
Equation 31: Timonshenko equation 2 for collapse ............................................................................................................... 44
Equation 32: Timonshenko equation 3 for collapse ............................................................................................................... 44
Equation 33: Safety factor applied to collapse pressure and load ......................................................................................... 45
Equation 34: Safety factor applied to collapse pressure and torque ..................................................................................... 45
Equation 35: Collapse correction factor applied to collapse pressure ................................................................................... 46
Equation 36: Collapse correction factor ................................................................................................................................. 46
Equation 37: Collapse correction factor used with safety factor and load factor.................................................................. 46
Equation 38: Collapse correction factor defined .................................................................................................................... 46
Equation 39: Hydrostatic head ............................................................................................................................................... 50
Equation 40: Reynolds number .............................................................................................................................................. 50
Equation 41: Friction factor for laminar flow ......................................................................................................................... 51
Equation 42: Friction factor for turbulent flow ...................................................................................................................... 51
Equation 43: Pressure drop equation..................................................................................................................................... 51
qualitytubing@nov.com nov.com/qualitytubing iv
1 Introduction
Quality Tubing, a part of the NOV Intervention and Stimulation Equipment Business Unit, has continually improved
every aspect of the coiled tubing manufacturing process over the past 40 years. Our developments and inventions in
the welding, manufacturing and testing of continuously-milled tubing means the highest quality product created to
your exact specifications.
Quality Tubing Worldwide
Coiled tubing service centers are strategically placed in various strategic locations worldwide. These centers
exist to store and service new and used coiled tubing. Standard stock strings, specially designed for use in the
areas served by our service centers, are available. The range of services provided by these centers include
storage, butt welding, state-of-the-art corrosion protection and nondestructive testing of coiled tubing. These
services are discussed further in Section 11 of this manual.
Continuous Improvement
Quality Tubing is continually improving the effectiveness of our quality management system through the use
of the quality policy, quality objectives, audit results, analysis of data, corrective and preventive actions and
management review.
We have spent over $3.4 million in capital expenditures on improvements in the past few years, including the
purchase of a slitter in 2013. We are still the only coiled tubing manufacturer with in-house slitting
capabilities.
In August 2014, we received our ISO 9001:2008 certification. Our certification number is 164486-2014-AQ-
USA-ANAB.
Quality Tubing Technical Manual
This manual has been designed to provide customers with up-to-date information on our design,
manufacturing and testing processes, product descriptions, performance properties, recommended product
uses and the scope of service center activities.
The material is divided into sections for easy reference, so that updates can be added as they are issued.
Disclaimer
Coiled tubing grades and related information are provided for general information dissemination purposes
only. All reasonable efforts were made to ensure the accuracy of all such information, but Quality Tubing
makes no representation and gives no warranty with respect to the validity or fitness of such information for
any particular customer’s coiled tubing operations. The customer acknowledges that any use or
interpretation of this information is at his own risk.
If you have any questions about Quality Tubing or its products, please contact us at the location nearest you.
qualitytubing@nov.com nov.com/qualitytubing 1
Our Locations
Headquarters Service Centers
United States United States
Quality Tubing Quality Tubing
10303 Sheldon Road 2093 Old Route 15
Houston, Texas 77049 New Columbia, PA 17856
T: +1.281.456.0751 T: +1.570.551.6167
TF: +1.800.486.0751 5561 West University
F: +1.281.456.7549/7620 Odessa, Texas 79764
E: QualityTubing@nov.com
United Kingdom
Stocking Points Coil Services (North Sea) Ltd.
The following NOV locations are stocked with Badentoy Cresent, Badentoy Road,
Quality Tubing finished goods. Portlethen, Aberdeen, AB12 4YD
Scotland, U.K.
• Dammam, Saudi Arabia
T: +011.44.1224.774466 fr USA
• Singapore
F: +011 44 1224 774488 fr USA
• Minsk, Belarus
E: Kenny.Robertson@nov.com
• Nizhnevartovsk, Russia
• Saint Petersburg, Russia Canada
Quality Tubing (Red Deer) Ltd.
Site 14, Box 8, R.R. #1
Red Deer, AB, Canada T4N 5E1
Quality Tubing (Medicine Hat) Ltd.

PO BOX 159
Redcliff, AB, Canada T0J 2P0
NOV Intervention and Stimulation Equipment

9101 150 Ave.
Grande Prairie, AB, Canada T8X 0B1
Abu Dhabi
Coil Services (Abu Dhabi) Ltd.
PO BOX 4030
Sector M-41, Plot 93-94B
Abu Dhabi Industrial City
Mussafah, Abu Dhabi
T: +011.971.2.550.1875
F: +011.971.2.550.1876
E: David.Smith@nov.com
2 Design, Manufacturing, Testing and Quality
Introduction
Quality Tubing delivers specified-length coiled tubing strings of high quality materials into customer hands
which are designed, fabricated and tested to industry standards and suitable for field operations. In order to
produce long lengths of modern coiled tubing to meet customer requirements, the string is designed in
cooperation with the customer. Each individual string is then manufactured by welding steel strips together,
producing tubing from the accumulated strip utilizing the high frequency induction (HFI) electric welding
process.
Early Designs
The original idea for coiled tubing and line pipe came from the project “Pipe Line Under the Ocean” (PLUTO),
in which range II line pipe was butt welded, rolled onto spools and laid from boats under the English Channel
in 1944 to support the Normandy landings.
The weakest points in this form of continuous tube is the butt weld, which may cause structural weakness
(Figure 1). Until the late 1980s, this is how coiled
tubing was produced.
A high percentage of the failures that occur over
the life of tube-to-tube welds are breaks that
occur in the heat-affected zone adjacent to the
weld bead. The material in this area fatigues
much more rapidly than the parent material. The
Figure 1: Tube-to-tube butt weld in coiled tubing internal circumferential weld bead restricts fluid
flow and causes turbulence and may also restrict operations that require pumping tools or steel balls through
the tube.
The Quality Tubing Difference
First, long lengths of high quality strip in coil form are purchased from qualified major steel suppliers around
the world, for which we have two suppliers per grade. Each coil is then split into the required strip widths for
tubing production by our in-house slitter. These strips are joined end-to-end before the tube is manufactured
by using a specialized process that, originally patented by Quality Tubing, called a bias weld. Strips of steel are
welded together at a 45° angle, so that when the tubing is formed, the joint forms a spiral-shaped
connection, dramatically improving the reliability of coiled tubing work strings in the field. By purchasing long
strips of material, the number of welds in a string of tubing are further reduced. In some thicknesses of
material, the strip-bias welds may be over 2,460 ft (750 m) apart.
The tubing manufactured at Quality Tubing is continuously-milled, and a single tube over 35,000 feet in
length with no break in production is able to be milled. The entire length of the finished tube is
nondestructively inspected then gauged and hydrostatically tested to assure the tube meets customer
specifications prior to shipment.
In the case of TRUE-TAPER™ for downhole workstring use, the strip is continuously tapered, with two regions
of constant thickness at either end. Strips of equal thickness at each end of a TRUE-TAPER™ section are
joined together, thereby reducing stress concentrations caused by non-uniform load transfer when joining
strips of different gauges.
String Design
With a ready inventory of steel strip from which to manufacture tubing, Quality Tubing works with each
customer to design individual strings that will suit their grade, diameter and wall thickness requirements,
weight restrictions, corrosion and pressure concerns and estimated theoretical cycle life.
During the design phase, Quality Tubing team members assist and make recommendations to the customer
regarding ideal string design based upon internal design programs and field experiences with over 20,000
coiled tubing strings. Once agreement with the customer regarding a string design is reached, Quality Tubing
manufacturing and quality groups complete the work of producing the string.
The Patented Strip Joining Process
In 1989, Quality Tubing patented the bias-weld, a manufacturing
process explained in US patent 4,863,091. The edges of the strip
to be welded are carefully prepared by shearing at a fixed angle
and then welded by mechanized welding machines. This strip
weld is stress relieved and inspected nondestructively by visual
processes and Digital Radiography. The result is shown in Figure
2: 45º bias weld of flat strip and joined strip formed into tube.
Upon tube forming, the strip bias weld is distributed along a helix
in the finished tube. This geometry distributes the mechanical
stresses experienced by the weld zone over the length of the helix
rather than concentrating all of the stress in a single narrow band Figure 2: 45º bias weld of flat strip and joined strip
around the circumference of the tube. The performance of this formed into tube
type of weld is now proven in numerous applications in oil and

gas wells and in pipelines and umbilicals throughout the world.
Quality Control of the Strip Bias Weld
The digital radiography process is controlled ultimately by an
ASTM penetrometer. The sensitivity of the process meets or
exceeds the requirements of ASME Section V, API RP 5C7. Due to
the sensitivity of the inspection technique, no defects are
permitted in downhole work string materials in the region
radiographed.
The weld is dressed, stress relieved and hardness tested in three
regions (Figure 3) - the weld itself, the heat affected zones on
either side of the weld and the parent metal on either side of the Figure 3: Portable hardness testing of bias weld
weld. Hardness testing is performed in accordance with ASTM
A370 and ASTM E18.
Modern Tube Mill
A modern tube mill synchronizes several manufacturing stations to continuously mill the tubing. Matched
sets of tool steel forming rolls are selected and installed in the mill for the specified tube diameter. Quality
Tubing’s facility operates multiple tube mills that overlap each other in size capacity to provide greater
flexibility and manufacturing capacity. The accumulator reel from the string make-up line is positioned to
feed the mill. The lead end of the strip is tack welded to set-up strip in the mill so that material for the
finished string is not lost in start-up. Once the set-up of the mill rolls is verified by dimensional checks and
destructive tests, continuous production of the tubing string can begin.
The Tube Forming Operation
First, the forming rolls of the tube mill are set for the diameter of the
tube. The first series of rolls encountered by the strip start bending the
edges of the strip upward, gradually forming a “U” shape. The next
series of rolls have vertical fins, which extend down past the strip
edges. These tungsten carbide fins prepare the strip edges for the
weld rolls. The longitudinal weld is made using the HFI electrical
resistance method (Figure 4).
Welding the Tube
The formed strip enters an induction welder where it passes into a coil Figure 4: Close-up view of HFI welding box
excited by high frequency current. This current causes magnetic fields, which in turn cause eddy currents to
flow both around the longitudinally welded tube and back into the area where the strip is coming together. In
this process, the heat for welding the edges is generated by the resistance to the flow of these eddy currents,
which are concentrated at the edges of the strip. An internal ferrite core (impeder) helps maintain a constant
value for the weld system impedance. In this process, the heat is confined to a narrow band along the edges
of the formed strip. A set of rolls squeeze the strip edges together while they are at the fusion temperature
to produce the weld. No filler metal is added, keeping the metal composition of the weld line the same as the
body of the tube.
Weld Flash Removal
The welding process produces a small amount of weld flash on both the inside and outside of the tube. This is
removed from the outside diameter of the tube after welding by a carbide cutting tool contoured to the
diameter of the tube being produced. When requested by the customer, the tube’s inside diameter flash is
controlled in height or removed with a contoured tool inside the tube and then subsequently pumped out of
the tube.
Inner surface flash removal may leave either a slight groove, which does not reduce the wall thickness below
the specified minimum wall, or a slight positive extrusion, which is not more than 0.020” into the tube bore.
Seam Annealing
The weld seam is immediately re-heated by a narrow induction head to re-crystallize the weld’s heat affected
zone to match the grain structure of the base metal. After welding, the tube is cooled before entering the
sizing section of the mill, where sets of rolls in pairs accurately form the tubing to its final dimensions.
Full Body Stress Relief and Cooling
Stress relieving is performed with a full-body stress reliever. The tube is heated
to a predetermined controlled temperature between 900° and 1400°F (482° and
760°C), which is determined by the final desired mechanical properties of the
material. After air cooling and final water cooling, the tube is wound onto a
storage spool (See Standard Spool Capacity Chart, Section 10).
Nondestructive Examination (NDE)
The eddy current method (Figure 5) consists of magnetizing the tube to
magnetic saturation, inducing eddy currents to flow circumferentially around the
tube and detecting the presence of variations in the magnetic field caused by Figure 5: Eddy current inspection
imperfections in the entire body wall of the tube, including the seam weld. system
Should the eddy current unit detect an indication, the area is then marked for
further prove-up. The eddy current unit is standardized to a 1/16” through-drilled hole with a section of tube
of like dimensions and alloy chemistry. This inspection is performed in accordance with ASTM E309 for
electromagnetic tubular inspection.
Prove-Up Inspection
Prove-up inspection of any indications noted during eddy current inspection requires locating the area of the
indication and testing this area with a variety of other nondestructive techniques, including visual,
radiographic, compression and shear wave ultrasonic and liquid penetrant inspections. Small outer diameter
surface imperfections are removed and the areas are re-inspected with the appropriate method (i.e.
ultrasound and/or liquid penetrant) to ensure complete removal. The removal of minor surface imperfections
has been shown to be extremely effective in maintaining high cycle life.
Hydrostatic Testing
The tube is hydrostatically tested using pH-controlled water to specified pressures (80% of specified
minimum yield strength or to customer requirements) in order to check the integrity of the weld seam. In the
case of tapered or TRUE-TAPER strings, the hydrostatic test pressure is that for the smallest wall thickness
present in the string. The hold time for the standard pressure test is a minimum of 15 minutes.
The inside surface of the tube is wiped clean by the passage of wiper balls. The hydrostatic test fluid is
maintained at a pH between 8 and 9, eliminating the possibility of any acidic condition inside the tube during
shipment.
ID Gauge Test
All tubing manufactured is also gauge tested. In the gauge test, a hard plastic ball of specified diameter,
based on the inside diameter of the tube and a small amount of clearance, is passed completely through the
tube with water pressure to ensure that there are no constrictions on the ID surface.
Posi-Plugs
A Posi-Plug is installed on either end of a string of coiled tubing to serve as a
barrier between the internal volume of the tubing and the surrounding
environment (Figure 6). These plugs prevent elements, such as rainwater and
debris, from entering the tubing and maintain the tubing’s internal atmosphere,
which may contain corrosion inhibitors.
Quality Laboratory Testing
Dimensional Inspection
Dimensional inspections measure cross sections of the tube from the beginning
and the end of a milled length for compliance to diameter, out-of-roundness, wall
thickness, weld-seam mismatch and flash (or Flash-Free) tolerances. Figure 6: Posi-Plug installed
Visual Metallographic Inspection

Visual metallographic inspections determine the quality of the grain structure of the seam weld by viewing a
section of the steel of the finished tube under high magnification.
Tensile Testing
Tensile testing measures the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation on full tube samples from the
beginning and end of each milled length. This testing is performed to the requirements of ASTM A370. Mid-
string strip tensile tests are based on previous results of strips from the same heat used during pre-
production tests or prior to manufacturing.
Microhardness Testing
Microhardness testing measures the microhardness of the parent metal, the weld
line and the heat-affected zone on either side of the weld-line using a computer
aided system shown (Figure 7). The measurements are taken on the Vickers scale
and converted to Rockwell B or C measurements in compliance with ASTM E140.
This test is performed on samples collected at both the beginning and end of each
string.
Flattening Tests
Flattening tests verify the integrity of the HFI weld by flattening samples from each
end of the string at 0° and 90°, with respect to the flattening plates (Figure 8).
Figure 7: Microhardness
Flare Tests testing equipment
Flare tests verify the integrity of the HFI weld by flaring samples from each end of
the string over a steel cone.
Chemistry Checks
Random checks are performed at approved
laboratories on incoming strips. Additional (strip)
chemistry tests will be performed upon request.
Additional Testing
Additional coiled tubing tests can be done on a
Figure 8: Tubes flattened on the 0º and 90º positions
case-by-case basis.
3 Standard Product Specifications and Dimensions
Standard Product List
Standard products are defined as those that can be produced based solely on Quality Tubing’s ability to
deliver.
Standard product requirements include the following:
• Specifications established and approved
• Accept/reject criteria established and approved
• Demonstrated ability to manufacture
• Pricing established
Standard products include the following:

• Downhole Work String Products: QT-700, QT-800, QT-900, QT-1000, QT-1100 and QT-1300. These
work string products may be TRUE-TAPER, straight wall and straight wall Flash-Free. TRUE-TAPER is
not available for QT-700 work strings.
• HO-70 Downhole Products for Hang-off: This product is intended for use in non-cycling situations, is
limited in outer diameter and wall thickness and may contain tube-to-tube welds.
All other products are non-standard.

Notes for Following Tables
1. Minimum wall thickness is 0.005” (0.13 mm) less than specified wall thickness.
2. Pressures calculated based on t – 0.005” (0.13 mm).
3. Maximum hydrostatic test pressure is 15,000 psi (103 MPa).
4. Additional diameters and wall thicknesses may be available upon request.
Ordering Information for Standard Products

Quality Tubing personnel assists the customer in string design for any of the listed product groups and non-
standard products. When placing orders for downhole coiled tubing applications, the following information
needs to be provided.
1. Type of service
2. Size (OD and wall thickness, including TRUE-TAPER and conventional tapering)
3. Grade
4. Length
5. Delivery and shipping information
6. Shipping spool (wood or metal), or customer reel. See spool dimensions and capacities (Section 10) of this
document for details.
7. Fitting type
8. Special packaging, corrosion mitigation and marking requirements
9. Any other special requirements (i.e. Flash-Free, wireline and capillary installation, additional destructive and
nondestructive testing and a certification test book)
10. Internal purchasing requirements should be submitted to Quality Tubing for review.
11. Where an inspection and test plan is required to be submitted by Quality Tubing to the customer, sufficient time
for discussion should be allowed. The role of any customer representative at our plant should also be included.
QT-700 Technical Data Sheet
For the appropriate sizes, QT-700 can be routinely ordered as a straight wall, straight wall Flash-Free string or
as a string with an electric wireline or capillary tube installed. This material is not supplied as TRUE-TAPER.
QT-700 is manufactured from high strength low alloy steel (HSLAS) with alloying additions to provide
resistance to atmospheric corrosion. The chemical composition of QT-700 meets the specification
requirements of API 5ST CT70.
Mechanical Properties
Minimum Yield Strength, psi (MPa) 70,000 (483)
Minimum Tensile Strength, psi (MPa) 80,000 (552)
Minimum Elongation 26%
Maximum Hardness 22 HRC
Technical Data
Specified Outside Specified Wall Calculated Inside Plain End Mass, Pipe Metal Cross Pipe Body Yield Internal Yield Hydro Test Torsional
Tensile Load, LT
Diameter, D Thickness, t Diameter, d Mpe Sectional Area, A Load, Ly Pressure, Pr Pressure, PT Yield Strength, Tf
in mm in mm in mm lb/ft kg/m in2 mm2 lb kg lb kg psi MPa psi MPa lb/ft kg/m
1.000 25.4 0.087 2.2 0.826 21.0 0.849 1.264 0.250 161.0 17,470 7,920 19,960 9,060 11,480 79.2 9,200 63.3 350 470
1.000 25.4 0.095 2.4 0.810 20.6 0.919 1.368 0.270 174.3 18,910 8,580 21,610 9,800 12,600 86.9 10,100 69.5 380 520
1.000 25.4 0.102 2.6 0.796 20.2 0.979 1.457 0.288 185.6 20,140 9,140 23,020 10,440 13,580 93.6 10,900 74.9 400 540
1.000 25.4 0.109 2.8 0.782 19.9 1.038 1.545 0.305 196.8 21,360 9,690 24,410 11,070 14,560 100.4 11,600 80.3 410 560
1.000 25.4 0.118 3.0 0.764 19.4 1.113 1.656 0.327 210.9 22,890 10,380 26,160 11,860 15,820 109.1 12,700 87.3 440 600
1.000 25.4 0.125 3.2 0.750 19.1 1.169 1.740 0.344 221.7 24,050 10,910 27,490 12,470 16,800 115.8 13,400 92.7 450 610
1.250 31.8 0.087 2.2 1.076 27.4 1.082 1.613 0.318 205.4 22,250 10,110 25,430 11,560 9,180 63.2 7,300 50.6 580 790
1.250 31.8 0.095 2.4 1.060 27.0 1.173 1.749 0.345 222.8 24,130 10,960 27,580 12,530 10,080 69.4 8,100 55.5 620 840
1.250 31.8 0.102 2.6 1.046 26.6 1.252 1.866 0.368 237.7 25,750 11,700 29,430 13,370 10,860 74.8 8,700 59.8 660 890
1.250 31.8 0.109 2.8 1.032 26.3 1.330 1.982 0.391 252.5 27,350 12,430 31,260 14,200 11,650 80.2 9,300 64.1 690 940
1.250 31.8 0.118 3.0 1.014 25.8 1.428 2.129 0.420 271.2 29,370 13,350 33,570 15,250 12,660 87.1 10,100 69.7 730 990
1.250 31.8 0.125 3.2 1.000 25.5 1.503 2.241 0.442 285.5 30,930 14,050 35,340 16,060 13,440 92.5 10,800 74.0 760 1,030
1.250 31.8 0.134 3.4 0.982 25.0 1.599 2.384 0.470 303.6 32,890 14,940 37,580 17,080 14,450 99.5 11,600 79.6 800 1,080
1.250 31.8 0.145 3.7 0.960 24.4 1.713 2.554 0.503 325.3 35,240 16,010 40,270 18,300 15,680 107.9 12,500 86.4 840 1,140
1.250 31.8 0.156 4.0 0.938 23.9 1.824 2.720 0.536 346.5 37,530 17,050 42,890 19,490 16,910 116.4 13,500 93.1 880 1,190
1.250 31.8 0.175 4.4 0.900 22.9 2.011 2.999 0.591 382.0 41,370 18,800 47,280 21,490 19,040 131.1 15,000 103.4 940 1,270
1.250 31.8 0.188 4.8 0.874 22.2 2.134 3.183 0.627 405.4 43,910 19,950 50,180 22,800 20,500 141.1 15,000 103.4 980 1,330
1.500 38.1 0.095 2.4 1.310 33.3 1.427 2.124 0.419 270.5 29,350 13,310 33,550 15,220 8,400 57.9 6,700 46.3 930 1,260
1.500 38.1 0.102 2.6 1.296 32.9 1.524 2.269 0.448 289.0 31,360 14,220 35,840 16,260 9,050 62.4 7,200 49.9 990 1,340
1.500 38.1 0.109 2.8 1.282 32.6 1.621 2.412 0.476 307.3 33,340 15,120 38,110 17,280 9,710 66.9 7,800 53.5 1,040 1,410
1.500 38.1 0.118 3.0 1.264 32.1 1.743 2.594 0.512 330.5 35,860 16,270 40,990 18,590 10,550 72.7 8,400 58.2 1,110 1,500
1.500 38.1 0.125 3.2 1.250 31.8 1.837 2.735 0.540 348.4 37,800 17,140 43,200 19,590 11,200 77.2 9,000 61.8 1,160 1,570
1.500 38.1 0.134 3.4 1.232 31.3 1.957 2.912 0.575 371.0 40,250 18,260 46,000 20,870 12,040 83.0 9,600 66.4 1,220 1,650
1.500 38.1 0.145 3.7 1.210 30.7 2.100 3.126 0.617 398.2 43,210 19,600 49,380 22,400 13,070 90.1 10,500 72.1 1,290 1,750
1.500 38.1 0.156 4.0 1.188 30.2 2.241 3.336 0.659 425.0 46,110 20,910 52,690 23,900 14,090 97.2 11,300 77.7 1,350 1,830
1.500 38.1 0.175 4.4 1.150 29.2 2.479 3.689 0.728 470.0 50,990 23,130 58,280 26,430 15,870 109.4 12,700 87.5 1,460 1,980
1.500 38.1 0.188 4.8 1.124 28.5 2.637 3.924 0.775 499.9 54,240 24,600 61,990 28,120 17,080 117.8 13,700 94.2 1,530 2,070
1.500 38.1 0.203 5.2 1.094 27.8 2.815 4.189 0.827 533.6 57,900 26,260 66,170 30,020 18,480 127.4 14,800 101.9 1,600 2,170
1.750 44.5 0.109 2.8 1.532 39.0 1.912 2.849 0.562 363.0 39,340 17,860 44,950 20,420 8,320 57.3 6,700 45.8 1,460 1,980
1.750 44.5 0.118 3.0 1.514 38.5 2.059 3.068 0.605 390.8 42,350 19,230 48,400 21,980 9,040 62.3 7,200 49.8 1,560 2,120
1.750 44.5 0.125 3.2 1.500 38.2 2.171 3.236 0.638 412.2 44,670 20,290 51,050 23,180 9,600 66.1 7,700 52.9 1,630 2,210
1.750 44.5 0.134 3.4 1.482 37.7 2.315 3.450 0.680 439.4 47,620 21,630 54,420 24,720 10,320 71.1 8,300 56.9 1,720 2,330
1.750 44.5 0.145 3.7 1.460 37.1 2.488 3.707 0.731 472.3 51,180 23,240 58,490 26,560 11,200 77.1 9,000 61.7 1,830 2,480
1.750 44.5 0.156 4.0 1.438 36.6 2.658 3.961 0.781 504.6 54,680 24,840 62,500 28,380 12,080 83.2 9,700 66.6 1,930 2,620
1.750 44.5 0.175 4.4 1.400 35.6 2.946 4.391 0.866 559.3 60,610 27,530 69,270 31,460 13,600 93.7 10,900 74.9 2,090 2,830
1.750 44.5 0.188 4.8 1.374 34.9 3.139 4.678 0.923 595.9 64,580 29,330 73,800 33,520 14,640 100.8 11,700 80.7 2,200 2,980
1.750 44.5 0.203 5.2 1.344 34.2 3.357 5.003 0.987 637.3 69,060 31,370 78,930 35,850 15,840 109.1 12,700 87.3 2,310 3,130
1.750 44.5 0.224 5.7 1.302 33.1 3.624 5,446 1.074 693.4 75,170 34,141 85,910 39,000 17,520 120.7 14,000 96.5 2,460 3,510
2.000 50.8 0.109 2.8 1.782 45.3 2.203 3.279 0.648 417.8 45,330 20,560 51,800 23,500 7,280 50.2 5,800 40.2 1,960 2,660
2.000 50.8 0.118 3.0 1.764 44.8 2.374 3.533 0.698 450.1 48,840 22,150 55,810 25,320 7,910 54.5 6,300 43.6 2,090 2,830
2.000 50.8 0.125 3.2 1.750 44.5 2.505 3.729 0.736 475.0 51,540 23,380 58,910 26,720 8,400 57.9 6,700 46.3 2,190 2,970
2.000 50.8 0.134 3.4 1.732 44.0 2.673 3.978 0.786 506.8 54,990 24,940 62,840 28,510 9,030 62.3 7,200 49.8 2,310 3,130
2.000 50.8 0.145 3.7 1.710 43.4 2.875 4.280 0.845 545.2 59,150 26,830 67,600 30,660 9,800 67.6 7,800 54.1 2,460 3,340
2.000 50.8 0.156 4.0 1.688 42.9 3.075 4.577 0.904 583.0 63,260 28,690 72,300 32,790 10,570 72.9 8,500 58.3 2,610 3,540
2.000 50.8 0.175 4.4 1.650 41.9 3.414 5.081 1.003 647.3 70,230 31,860 80,270 36,410 11,900 82.0 9,500 65.6 2,840 3,850
2.000 50.8 0.188 4.8 1.624 41.2 3.642 5.420 1.070 690.5 74,910 33,980 85,620 38,840 12,810 88.3 10,200 70.7 2,990 4,050
2.000 50.8 0.203 5.2 1.594 40.5 3.900 5.804 1.146 739.4 80,220 36,390 91,680 41,590 13,860 95.6 11,100 76.4 3,160 4,280
2.000 50.8 0.224 5.7 1.552 39.4 4.253 6.327 1.250 806.0 87,490 39,670 99,980 45,330 15,330 105.6 12,300 84.5 3,370 4,570
2.000 50.8 0.236 6.0 1.528 38.8 4.450 6.623 1.308 843.7 91,550 41,520 104,630 47,460 16,170 111.5 12,900 89.2 3,490 4,730
2.000 50.8 0.250 6.4 1.500 38.1 4.677 6.961 1.374 886.7 96,210 43,640 109,960 49,880 17,150 118.2 13,700 94.6 3,620 4,910
Tensile Load, LT
in mm in mm in mm lb/ft kg/m in2 mm2 lb kg lb kg psi MPa psi MPa lb/ft kg/m
For the appropriate sizes, QT-800 can be routinely ordered as a TRUE-TAPER string, straight wall, straight wall
Flash-Free string or as a string with an electric wireline or capillary tube installed. QT-800 is manufactured
from high strength low alloy steel (HSLAS) with alloying additions to provide resistance to atmospheric
corrosion. The chemical composition of QT-800 meets the specification requirements of API 5ST CT80.
Minimum Elongation 26%
Technical Data
Tensile Load, LT
in mm in mm in mm lb/ft kg/m in2 mm2 in mm in mm in mm lb/ft kg/m in2 mm2
1.000 25.4 0.087 2.2 0.826 21.0 0.849 1.264 0.250 161.0 19,960 9,060 22,460 10,190 13,120 90.5 10,500 72.4 400 540
1.000 25.4 0.095 2.4 0.810 20.6 0.919 1.368 0.270 174.3 21,610 9,800 24,310 11,030 14,400 99.3 11,500 79.4 430 580
1.000 25.4 0.102 2.6 0.796 20.2 0.979 1.457 0.288 185.6 23,020 10,440 25,900 11,750 15,520 107.0 12,400 85.6 450 610
1.000 25.4 0.109 2.8 0.782 19.9 1.038 1.545 0.305 196.8 24,410 11,070 27,460 12,460 16,640 114.7 13,300 91.8 470 640
1.000 25.4 0.118 3.0 0.764 19.4 1.113 1.656 0.327 210.9 26,160 11,860 29,430 13,350 18,080 124.6 14,500 99.7 500 680
1.000 25.4 0.125 3.2 0.750 19.1 1.169 1.740 0.344 221.7 27,490 12,470 30,930 14,030 19,200 132.4 15,000 103.4 520 710
1.250 31.8 0.087 2.2 1.076 27.4 1.082 1.613 0.318 205.4 25,430 11,560 28,610 13,000 10,500 72.3 8,400 57.8 670 910
1.250
0 31.8 0.095 2.4 1.060 27.0 1.173 1.749 0.345 222.8 27,580 12,530 31,020 14,100 11,520 79.3 9,200 63.4 710 960
1.250 31.8 0.102 2.6 1.046 26.6 1.252 1.866 0.368 237.7 29,430 13,370 33,110 15,040 12,420 85.5 9,900 68.4 750 1,020
1.250 31.8 0.109 2.8 1.032 26.3 1.330 1.982 0.391 252.5 31,260 14,200 35,160 15,980 13,310 91.6 10,600 73.3 790 1,070
1.250 31.8 0.118 3.0 1.014 25.8 1.428 2.129 0.420 271.2 33,570 15,250 37,770 17,160 14,460 99.6 11,600 79.6 840 1,140
1.250 31.8 0.125 3.2 1.000 25.5 1.503 2.241 0.442 285.5 35,340 16,060 39,760 18,070 15,360 105.7 12,300 84.6 870 1,180
1.250 31.8 0.134 3.4 0.982 25.0 1.599 2.384 0.470 303.6 37,580 17,080 42,280 19,210 16,510 113.7 13,200 90.9 910 1,230
1.250 31.8 0.145 3.7 0.960 24.4 1.713 2.554 0.503 325.3 40,270 18,300 45,300 20,590 17,920 123.4 14,300 98.7 960 1,300
1.250 31.8 0.156 4.0 0.938 23.9 1.824 2.720 0.536 346.5 42,890 19,490 48,250 21,930 19,330 133.1 15,000 103.4 1,010 1,370
1.250 31.8 0.175 4.4 0.900 22.9 2.011 2.999 0.591 382.0 47,280 21,490 53,190 24,170 21,760 149.8 15,000 103.4 1,080 1,460
1.250 31.8 0.188 4.8 0.874 22.2 2.134 3.183 0.627 405.4 50,180 22,800 56,450 25,650 23,420 161.2 15,000 103.4 1,120 1,520
1.500 38.1 0.095 2.4 1.310 33.3 1.427 2.124 0.419 270.5 33,550 15,220 37,740 17,120 9,600 66.2 7,700 53.0 1,070 1,450
1.500 38.1 0.102 2.6 1.296 32.9 1.524 2.269 0.448 289.0 35,840 16,260 40,320 18,290 10,350 71.3 8,300 57.1 1,130 1,530
1.500 38.1 0.109 2.8 1.282 32.6 1.621 2.412 0.476 307.3 38,110 17,280 42,870 19,450 11,090 76.5 8,900 61.2 1,190 1,610
1.500 38.1 0.118 3.0 1.264 32.1 1.743 2.594 0.512 330.5 40,990 18,590 46,110 20,910 12,050 83.1 9,600 66.5 1,260 1,710
1.500 38.1 0.125 3.2 1.250 31.8 1.837 2.735 0.540 348.4 43,200 19,590 48,600 22,040 12,800 88.3 10,200 70.6 1,320 1,790
1.500 38.1 0.134 3.4 1.232 31.3 1.957 2.912 0.575 371.0 46,000 20,870 51,750 23,480 13,760 94.9 11,000 75.9 1,390 1,880
1.500 38.1 0.145 3.7 1.210 30.7 2.100 3.126 0.617 398.2 49,380 22,400 55,550 25,200 14,930 103.0 11,900 82.4 1,470 1,990
1.500 38.1 0.156 4.0 1.188 30.2 2.241 3.336 0.659 425.0 52,690 23,900 59,280 26,890 16,110 111.1 12,900 88.8 1,550 2,100
1.500 38.1 0.175 4.4 1.150 29.2 2.479 3.689 0.728 470.0 58,280 26,430 65,560 29,740 18,130 125.0 14,500 100.0 1,670 2,260
1.500 38.1 0.188 4.8 1.124 28.5 2.637 3.924 0.775 499.9 61,990 28,120 69,740 31,630 19,520 134.6 15,000 103.4 1,750 2,370
1.500 38.1 0.203 5.2 1.094 27.8 2.815 4.189 0.827 533.6 66,170 30,020 74,440 33,770 21,120 145.6 15,000 103.4 1,830 2,480
1.750 44.5 0.109 2.8 1.532 39.0 1.912 2.849 0.562 363.0 44,950 20,420 50,570 22,970 9,510 65.5 7,600 52.4 1,670 2,260
1.750 44.5 0.118 3.0 1.514 38.5 2.059 3.068 0.605 390.8 48,400 21,980 54,450 24,730 10,330 71.1 8,300 56.9 1,780 2,410
1.750 44.5 0.125 3.2 1.500 38.2 2.171 3.236 0.638 412.2 51,050 23,180 57,430 26,080 10,970 75.6 8,800 60.4 1,860 2,520
1.750 44.5 0.134 3.4 1.482 37.7 2.315 3.450 0.680 439.4 54,420 24,720 61,230 27,810 11,790 81.2 9,400 65.0 1,970 2,670
1.750 44.5 0.145 3.7 1.460 37.1 2.488 3.707 0.731 472.3 58,490 26,560 65,800 29,880 12,800 88.2 10,200 70.5 2,090 2,830
1.750 44.5 0.156 4.0 1.438 36.6 2.658 3.961 0.781 504.6 62,500 28,380 70,310 31,930 13,810 95.1 11,000 76.1 2,200 2,980
1.750 44.5 0.175 4.4 1.400 35.6 2.946 4.391 0.866 559.3 69,270 31,460 77,930 35,390 15,540 107.0 12,400 85.6 2,390 3,240
1.750 44.5 0.188 4.8 1.374 34.9 3.139 4.678 0.923 595.9 73,800 33,520 83,030 37,710 16,730 115.2 13,400 92.2 2,510 3,400
1.750 44.5 0.203 5.2 1.344 34.2 3.357 5.003 0.987 637.3 78,930 35,850 88,790 40,330 18,100 124.7 14,500 99.7 2,640 3,580
1.750 44.5 0.224 5.7 1.302 33.1 3.654 5.444 1.074 693.4 85,910 39,000 96,650 43,880 20,020 137.8 15,000 103.4 2,810 3,810
2.000 50.8 0.109 2.8 1.782 45.3 2.203 3.279 0.648 417.8 51,800 23,500 58,280 26,440 8,320 57.4 6,700 45.9 2,240 3,040
2.000 50.8 0.118 3.0 1.764 44.8 2.374 3.533 0.698 450.1 55,810 25,320 62,790 28,480 9,040 62.3 7,200 49.9 2,390 3,240
2.000 50.8 0.125 3.2 1.750 44.5 2.505 3.729 0.736 475.0 58,910 26,720 66,270 30,060 9,600 66.2 7,700 53.0 2,500 3,390
2.000 50.8 0.134 3.4 1.732 44.0 2.673 3.978 0.786 506.8 62,840 28,510 70,700 32,070 10,320 71.2 8,300 56.9 2,650 3,590
2.000 50.8 0.145 3.7 1.710 43.4 2.875 4.280 0.845 545.2 67,600 30,660 76,050 34,500 11,200 77.2 9,000 61.8 2,810 3,810
2.000 50.8 0.156 4.0 1.688 42.9 3.075 4.577 0.904 583.0 72,300 32,790 81,340 36,890 12,080 83.3 9,700 66.6 2,980 4,040
2.000 50.8 0.175 4.4 1.650 41.9 3.414 5.081 1.003 647.3 80,270 36,410 90,300 40,960 13,600 93.8 10,900 75.0 3,250 4,410
2.000 50.8 0.188 4.8 1.624 41.2 3.642 5.420 1.070 690.5 85,620 38,840 96,320 43,690 14,640 100.9 11,700 80.8 3,420 4,640
2.000 50.8 0.203 5.2 1.594 40.5 3.900 5.804 1.146 739.4 91,680 41,590 103,140 46,780 15,840 109.2 12,700 87.4 3,610 4,890
2.000 50.8 0.224 5.7 1.552 39.4 4.253 6.327 1.250 806.0 99,980 45,330 112,480 51,000 17,520 120.7 14,000 96.6 3,850 5,220
2.000 50.8 0.236 6.0 1.528 38.8 4.450 6.623 1.308 843.7 104,630 47,460 117,710 53,390 18,480 127.4 14,800 101.9 3,990 5,410
2.000 50.8 0.250 6.4 1.500 38.1 4.677 6.961 1.374 886.7 109,960 49,880 123,700 56,110 19,600 135.1 15,000 103.4 4,130 5,600
2.375 60.3 0.134 3.4 2.107 53.5 3.210 4.776 0.943 608.4 75,470 34,220 84,910 38,500 8,690 59.9 7,000 48.0 3,850 5,220
2.375 60.3 0.145 3.7 2.085 52.9 3.457 5.142 1.016 655.1 81,270 36,850 91,430 41,450 9,430 65.1 7,500 52.0 4,110 5,570
2.375 60.3 0.156 4.0 2.063 52.4 3.700 5.505 1.088 701.3 87,000 39,450 97,880 44,380 10,170 70.2 8,100 56.1 4,360 5,910
2.375 60.3 0.175 4.4 2.025 51.4 4.116 6.123 1.210 780.0 96,760 43,870 108,860 49,350 11,450 79.0 9,200 63.2 4,770 6,470
2.375 60.3 0.188 4.8 1.999 50.7 4.395 6.539 1.292 833.0 103,340 46,850 116,250 52,710 12,330 85.0 9,900 68.0 5,040 6,830
2.375 60.3 0.203 5.2 1.969 50.0 4.713 7.012 1.385 893.3 110,810 50,240 124,670 56,520 13,340 92.0 10,700 73.6 5,340 7,240
2.375 60.3 0.224 5.7 1.927 48.9 5.151 7.659 1.514 975.7 121,100 54,880 136,230 61,740 14,750 101.7 11,800 81.4 5,740 7,780
Tensile Load, LT
2.375 60.3 0.236 6.0 1.903 48.3 5.396 8.028 1.586 1,022.6 126,870 57,520 142,730 64,710 15,560 107.3 12,400 85.9 5,950 8,070
2.375 60.3 0.250 6.4 1.875 47.6 5.679 8.449 1.669 1,076.3 133,520 60,530 150,210 68,100 16,510 113.8 13,200 91.1 6,190 8,390
2.625 66.7 0.156 4.0 2.313 58.8 4.117 6.131 1.210 781.0 96,800 43,930 108,900 49,420 9,200 63.4 7,400 50.7 5,430 7,360
2.625 66.7 0.175 4.4 2.275 57.8 4.583 6.824 1.347 869.4 107,760 48,900 121,230 55,010 10,360 71.4 8,300 57.1 5,960 8,080
2.625 66.7 0.188 4.8 2.249 57.1 4.898 7.292 1.439 929.0 115,150 52,250 129,540 58,780 11,150 76.9 8,900 61.5 6,300 8,540
2.625 66.7 0.203 5.2 2.219 56.4 5.256 7.826 1.545 996.9 123,570 56,070 139,020 63,080 12,070 83.2 9,700 66.5 6,690 9,070
2.625 66.7 0.224 5.7 2.177 55.3 5.749 8.557 1.690 1,090.1 135,170 61,310 152,070 68,980 13,350 92.0 10,700 73.6 7,200 9,760
2.625 66.7 0.236 6.0 2.153 54.7 6.027 8.974 1.771 1,143.1 141,700 64,300 159,410 72,330 14,080 97.0 11,300 77.6 7,480 10,140
2.625 66.7 0.250 6.4 2.125 54.0 6.347 9.451 1.865 1,203.9 149,230 67,720 167,880 76,180 14,930 102.9 11,900 82.3 7,800 10,580
2.875 73.0 0.156 4.0 2.563 65.1 4.534 6.746 1.333 859.4 106,600 48,340 119,930 54,380 8,400 58.0 6,700 46.4 6,620 8,980
2.875 73.0 0.175 4.4 2.525 64.1 5.051 7.515 1.484 957.3 118,750 53,850 133,600 60,580 9,460 65.3 7,600 52.2 7,270 9,860
2.875 73.0 0.188 4.8 2.499 63.4 5.400 8.034 1.587 1,023.5 126,960 57,570 142,830 64,760 10,180 70.2 8,100 56.2 7,710 10,450
2.875 73.0 0.203 5.2 2.469 62.7 5.798 8.627 1.704 1,099.0 136,320 61,810 153,360 69,540 11,020 76.0 8,800 60.8 8,190 11,100
2.875 73.0 0.224 5.7 2.427 61.6 6.348 9.441 1.866 1,202.6 149,240 67,640 167,900 76,100 12,190 84.0 9,800 67.2 8,840 11,990
2.875 73.0 0.236 6.0 2.403 61.0 6.658 9.905 1.957 1,261.8 156,530 70,970 176,090 79,840 12,860 88.7 10,300 70.9 9,190 12,460
2.875 73.0 0.250 6.4 2.375 60.3 7.015 10.437 2.062 1,329.6 164,930 74,790 185,550 84,130 13,630 94.0 10,900 75.2 9,600 13,020
3.250 82.6 0.188 4.8 2.874 73.0 6.154 9.165 1.808 1,167.5 144,680 65,670 162,760 73,880 9,010 62.1 7,200 49.7 10,080 13,670
3.250 82.6 0.203 5.2 2.844 72.3 6.612 9.848 1.943 1,254.5 155,460 70,560 174,890 79,380 9,750 67.2 7,800 53.7 10,730 14,550
3.250 82.6 0.224 5.7 2.802 71.2 7.246 10.787 2.129 1,374.1 170,360 77,290 191,650 86,950 10,780 74.3 8,600 59.4 11,610 15,740
3.250 82.6 0.236 6.0 2.778 70.6 7.604 11.324 2.235 1,442.5 178,770 81,140 201,120 91,280 11,370 78.4 9,100 62.7 12,090 16,390
3.250 82.6 0.250 6.4 2.750 69.9 8.018 11.941 2.356 1,521.1 188,500 85,560 212,060 96,250 12,060 83.1 9,600 66.5 12,640 17,140
3.500 88.9 0.188 4.8 3.124 79.3 6.656 9.907 1.956 1,262.0 156,490 70,980 176,050 79,860 8,370 57.7 6,700 46.1 11,840 16,050
3.500 88.9 0.203 5.2 3.094 78.6 7.155 10.649 2.103 1,356.5 168,210 76,300 189,240 85,840 9,050 62.4 7,200 49.9 12,610 17,100
3.500 88.9 0.224 5.7 3.052 77.5 7.845 11.671 2.305 1,486.7 184,430 83,620 207,480 94,070 10,010 69.0 8,000 55.2 13,670 18,530
3.500 88.9 0.236 6.0 3.028 76.9 8.235 12.255 2.420 1,561.2 193,600 87,810 217,800 98,790 10,560 72.8 8,400 58.2 14,250 19,320
3.500 88.9 0.250 6.4 3.000 76.2 8.686 12.927 2.553 1,646.8 204,200 92,630 229,730 104,200 11,200 77.2 9,000 61.8 14,910 20,220
For the appropriate sizes, QT-900 can be routinely ordered as a TRUE-TAPER string, straight wall, straight wall
Flash-Free string or as a string with an electric wireline or capillary tube installed. QT-900 is manufactured
from high strength low alloy steel (HSLAS) with alloying additions to provide resistance to atmospheric
corrosion. The chemical composition of QT-900 meets the specification requirements of API 5ST CT90.
Minimum Elongation Calculated from the formula:
0.2
Aw
E = 850,000 ( )%
Lu0.9
Where:
Aw = Pipe Metal Cross Section, (in²)
Lu = Specified Minimum Tensile Strength (psi).
Technical Data
Tensile Load, LT
1.000 25.4 0.087 2.2 0.826 21.0 0.849 1.264 0.250 161.0 22,460 10,190 24,450 11,090 14,760 101.8 11,800 81.4 450 610
1.000 25.4 0.095 2.4 0.810 20.6 0.919 1.368 0.270 174.3 24,310 11,030 26,470 12,010 16,200 111.7 13,000 89.4 480 650
1.000 25.4 0.102 2.6 0.796 20.2 0.979 1.457 0.288 185.6 25,900 11,750 28,200 12,790 17,460 120.4 14,000 96.3 510 690
1.000 25.4 0.109 2.8 0.782 19.9 1.038 1.545 0.305 196.8 27,460 12,460 29,900 13,560 18,720 129.1 15,000 103.3 530 720
1.000 25.4 0.118 3.0 0.764 19.4 1.113 1.656 0.327 210.9 29,430 13,350 32,040 14,530 20,340 140.2 15,000 103.4 560 760
1.000 25.4 0.125 3.2 0.750 19.1 1.169 1.740 0.344 221.7 30,930 14,030 33,670 15,270 21,600 148.9 15,000 103.4 580 790
1.250 31.8 0.087 2.2 1.076 27.4 1.082 1.613 0.318 205.4 28,610 13,000 31,150 14,150 11,810 81.3 9,400 65.0 750 1,020
1.250 31.8 0.095 2.4 1.060 27.0 1.173 1.749 0.345 222.8 31,020 14,100 33,780 15,350 12,960 89.2 10,400 71.4 800 1,080
1.250 31.8 0.102 2.6 1.046 26.6 1.252 1.866 0.368 237.7 33,110 15,040 36,050 16,380 13,970 96.2 11,200 76.9 850 1,150
1.250 31.8 0.109 2.8 1.032 26.3 1.330 1.982 0.391 252.5 35,160 15,980 38,290 17,400 14,980 103.1 12,000 82.5 890 1,210
1.250 31.8 0.118 3.0 1.014 25.8 1.428 2.129 0.420 271.2 37,770 17,160 41,120 18,690 16,270 112.0 13,000 89.6 940 1,270
1.250 31.8 0.125 3.2 1.000 25.5 1.503 2.241 0.442 285.5 39,760 18,070 43,300 19,670 17,280 119.0 13,800 95.2 980 1,330
1.250 31.8 0.134 3.4 0.982 25.0 1.599 2.384 0.470 303.6 42,280 19,210 46,040 20,920 18,580 127.9 14,900 102.3 1,030 1,400
1.250 31.8 0.145 3.7 0.960 24.4 1.713 2.554 0.503 325.3 45,300 20,590 49,330 22,420 20,160 138.8 15,000 103.4 1,080 1,460
1.250 31.8 0.156 4.0 0.938 23.9 1.824 2.720 0.536 346.5 48,250 21,930 52,540 23,880 21,740 149.7 15,000 103.4 1,130 1,530
1.250 31.8 0.175 4.4 0.900 22.9 2.011 2.999 0.591 382.0 53,190 24,170 57,920 26,320 24,480 168.5 15,000 103.4 1,210 1,640
1.250 31.8 0.188 4.8 0.874 22.2 2.134 3.183 0.627 405.4 56,450 25,650 61,470 27,930 26,350 181.4 15,000 103.4 1,260 1,710
1.500 38.1 0.095 2.4 1.310 33.3 1.427 2.124 0.419 270.5 37,740 17,120 41,090 18,640 10,800 74.5 8,600 59.6 1,200 1,630
1.500 38.1 0.102 2.6 1.296 32.9 1.524 2.269 0.448 289.0 40,320 18,290 43,900 19,910 11,640 80.3 9,300 64.2 1,270 1,720
1.500 38.1 0.109 2.8 1.282 32.6 1.621 2.412 0.476 307.3 42,870 19,450 46,680 21,170 12,480 86.0 10,000 68.8 1,340 1,820
1.500 38.1 0.118 3.0 1.264 32.1 1.743 2.594 0.512 330.5 46,110 20,910 50,210 22,770 13,560 93.5 10,800 74.8 1,420 1,930
1.500 38.1 0.125 3.2 1.250 31.8 1.837 2.735 0.540 348.4 48,600 22,040 52,920 24,000 14,400 99.3 11,500 79.4 1,490 2,020
1.500 38.1 0.134 3.4 1.232 31.3 1.957 2.912 0.575 371.0 51,750 23,480 56,360 25,560 15,480 106.7 12,400 85.4 1,560 2,120
1.500 38.1 0.145 3.7 1.210 30.7 2.100 3.126 0.617 398.2 55,550 25,200 60,490 27,440 16,800 115.8 13,400 92.7 1,650 2,240
1.500 38.1 0.156 4.0 1.188 30.2 2.241 3.336 0.659 425.0 59,280 26,890 64,550 29,280 18,120 124.9 14,500 99.9 1,740 2,360
1.500 38.1 0.175 4.4 1.150 29.2 2.479 3.689 0.728 470.0 65,560 29,740 71,390 32,380 20,400 140.7 15,000 103.4 1,880 2,550
1.500 38.1 0.188 4.8 1.124 28.5 2.637 3.924 0.775 499.9 69,740 31,630 75,940 34,450 21,960 151.4 15,000 103.4 1,960 2,660
1.500 38.1 0.203 5.2 1.094 27.8 2.815 4.189 0.827 533.6 74,440 33,770 81,060 36,770 23,760 163.8 15,000 103.4 2,060 2,790
1.750 44.5 0.109 2.8 1.532 39.0 1.912 2.849 0.562 363.0 50,570 22,970 55,070 25,010 10,700 73.7 8,600 58.9 1,880 2,550
1.750 44.5 0.118 3.0 1.514 38.5 2.059 3.068 0.605 390.8 54,450 24,730 59,290 26,920 11,620 80.0 9,300 64.0 2,000 2,710
1.750 44.5 0.125 3.2 1.500 38.2 2.171 3.236 0.638 412.2 57,430 26,080 62,540 28,400 12,340 85.0 9,900 68.0 2,100 2,850
1.750 44.5 0.134 3.4 1.482 37.7 2.315 3.450 0.680 439.4 61,230 27,810 66,670 30,280 13,270 91.4 10,600 73.1 2,210 3,000
1.750 44.5 0.145 3.7 1.460 37.1 2.488 3.707 0.731 472.3 65,800 29,880 71,650 32,540 14,400 99.2 11,500 79.3 2,350 3,190
1.750 44.5 0.156 4.0 1.438 36.6 2.658 3.961 0.781 504.6 70,310 31,930 76,560 34,770 15,530 107.0 12,400 85.6 2,480 3,360
1.750 44.5 0.175 4.4 1.400 35.6 2.946 4.391 0.866 559.3 77,930 35,390 84,860 38,540 17,490 120.4 14,000 96.3 2,690 3,650
1.750 44.5 0.188 4.8 1.374 34.9 3.139 4.678 0.923 595.9 83,030 37,710 90,410 41,060 18,820 129.6 15,000 103.4 2,820 3,820
1.750 44.5 0.203 5.2 1.344 34.2 3.357 5.003 0.987 637.3 88,790 40,330 96,690 43,910 20,370 140.3 15,000 103.4 2,970 4,030
1.750 44.5 0.224 5.7 1.302 33.1 3.654 5.444 1.074 693.4 96,650 43,880 105,240 47,780 22,530 155.1 15,000 103.4 3,160 4,280
2.000 50.8 0.109 2.8 1.782 45.3 2.203 3.279 0.648 417.8 58,280 26,440 63,460 28,780 9,360 64.5 7,500 51.6 2,510 3,400
2.000 50.8 0.118 3.0 1.764 44.8 2.374 3.533 0.698 450.1 62,790 28,480 68,370 31,010 10,170 70.1 8,100 56.1 2,690 3,650
2.000 50.8 0.125 3.2 1.750 44.5 2.505 3.729 0.736 475.0 66,270 30,060 72,160 32,730 10,800 74.5 8,600 59.6 2,810 3,810
2.000 50.8 0.134 3.4 1.732 44.0 2.673 3.978 0.786 506.8 70,700 32,070 76,980 34,920 11,610 80.0 9,300 64.0 2,980 4,040
2.000 50.8 0.145 3.7 1.710 43.4 2.875 4.280 0.845 545.2 76,050 34,500 82,810 37,560 12,600 86.9 10,100 69.5 3,170 4,300
2.000 50.8 0.156 4.0 1.688 42.9 3.075 4.577 0.904 583.0 81,340 36,890 88,570 40,170 13,590 93.7 10,900 75.0 3,350 4,540
2.000 50.8 0.175 4.4 1.650 41.9 3.414 5.081 1.003 647.3 90,300 40,960 98,330 44,600 15,300 105.5 12,200 84.4 3,650 4,950
2.000 50.8 0.188 4.8 1.624 41.2 3.642 5.420 1.070 690.5 96,320 43,690 104,880 47,570 16,470 113.6 13,200 90.8 3,840 5,210
2.000 50.8 0.203 5.2 1.594 40.5 3.900 5.804 1.146 739.4 103,140 46,780 112,310 50,940 17,820 122.9 14,300 98.3 4,060 5,500
Tensile Load, LT
2.000 50.8 0.224 5.7 1.552 39.4 4.253 6.327 1.250 806.0 112,480 51,000 122,480 55,530 19,710 135.8 15,000 103.4 4,340 5,880
2.375 60.3 0.134 3.4 2.107 53.5 3.210 4.776 0.943 608.4 84,910 38,500 92,450 41,920 9,780 67.4 7,800 53.9 4,330 5,870
2.375 60.3 0.145 3.7 2.085 52.9 3.457 5.142 1.016 655.1 91,430 41,450 99,550 45,140 10,610 73.2 8,500 58.5 4,620 6,260
2.375 60.3 0.156 4.0 2.063 52.4 3.700 5.505 1.088 701.3 97,880 44,380 106,580 48,320 11,440 78.9 9,200 63.2 4,910 6,660
2.375 60.3 0.175 4.4 2.025 51.4 4.116 6.123 1.210 780.0 108,860 49,350 118,530 53,740 12,880 88.9 10,300 71.1 5,370 7,280
2.375 60.3 0.188 4.8 1.999 50.7 4.395 6.539 1.292 833.0 116,250 52,710 126,590 57,390 13,870 95.7 11,100 76.5 5,670 7,690
2.375 60.3 0.203 5.2 1.969 50.0 4.713 7.012 1.385 893.3 124,670 56,520 135,750 61,550 15,010 103.5 12,000 82.8 6,010 8,150
2.375 60.3 0.224 5.7 1.927 48.9 5.151 7.659 1.514 975.7 136,230 61,740 148,340 67,230 16,600 114.4 13,300 91.5 6,450 8,750
2.375 60.3 0.236 6.0 1.903 48.3 5.396 8.028 1.586 1,022.6 142,730 64,710 155,420 70,460 17,510 120.8 14,000 96.6 6,690 9,070
2.375 60.3 0.250 6.4 1.875 47.6 5.679 8.449 1.669 1,076.3 150,210 68,100 163,560 74,160 18,570 128.1 14,900 102.5 6,970 9,450
2.625 66.7 0.156 4.0 2.313 58.8 4.117 6.131 1.210 781.0 108,900 49,420 118,580 53,810 10,350 71.4 8,300 57.1 6,110 8,280
2.625 66.7 0.175 4.4 2.275 57.8 4.583 6.824 1.347 869.4 121,230 55,010 132,000 59,900 11,660 80.3 9,300 64.3 6,700 9,080
2.625 66.7 0.188 4.8 2.249 57.1 4.898 7.292 1.439 929.0 129,540 58,780 141,060 64,010 12,550 86.5 10,000 69.2 7,090 9,610
2.625 66.7 0.203 5.2 2.219 56.4 5.256 7.826 1.545 996.9 139,020 63,080 151,370 68,690 13,580 93.6 10,900 74.9 7,530 10,210
2.625 66.7 0.224 5.7 2.177 55.3 5.749 8.557 1.690 1,090.1 152,070 68,980 165,580 75,110 15,020 103.5 12,000 82.8 8,100 10,980
2.625 66.7 0.236 6.0 2.153 54.7 6.027 8.974 1.771 1,143.1 159,410 72,330 173,580 78,760 15,840 109.2 12,700 87.3 8,420 11,420
2.625 66.7 0.250 6.4 2.125 54.0 6.347 9.451 1.865 1,203.9 167,880 76,180 182,800 82,950 16,800 115.8 13,400 92.6 8,770 11,890
2.875 73.0 0.156 4.0 2.563 65.1 4.534 6.746 1.333 859.4 119,930 54,380 130,590 59,210 9,450 65.2 7,600 52.2 7,440 10,090
2.875 73.0 0.175 4.4 2.525 64.1 5.051 7.515 1.484 957.3 133,600 60,580 145,470 65,960 10,640 73.4 8,500 58.7 8,180 11,090
2.875 73.0 0.188 4.8 2.499 63.4 5.400 8.034 1.587 1,023.5 142,830 64,760 155,530 70,520 11,460 79.0 9,200 63.2 8,670 11,750
2.875 73.0 0.203 5.2 2.469 62.7 5.798 8.627 1.704 1,099.0 153,360 69,540 167,000 75,720 12,400 85.5 9,900 68.4 9,210 12,490
2.875 73.0 0.224 5.7 2.427 61.6 6.348 9.441 1.866 1,202.6 167,900 76,100 182,820 82,860 13,710 94.5 11,000 75.6 9,940 13,480
2.875 73.0 0.236 6.0 2.403 61.0 6.658 9.905 1.957 1,261.8 176,090 79,840 191,750 86,940 14,460 99.7 11,600 79.8 10,340 14,020
2.875 73.0 0.250 6.4 2.375 60.3 7.015 10.437 2.062 1,329.6 185,550 84,130 202,040 91,610 15,340 105.8 12,300 84.6 10,790 14,630
For the appropriate sizes, QT-1000 can be routinely ordered as a TRUE-TAPER string, straight wall, straight
wall Flash-Free string or as a string with an electric wireline or capillary tube installed. QT-1000 is
manufactured from high strength low alloy steel (HSLAS) with alloying additions to provide resistance to
atmospheric corrosion. The chemical composition of QT-1000 meets the specification requirements of API
5ST CT100.
0.2
Aw
E = 800,000 ( )%
Lu0.9
Where:
Technical Data
Tensile Load, LT
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
Tensile Load, LT
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
For the appropriate sizes, QT-1100 can be routinely ordered as a TRUE-TAPER string, straight wall, straight
wall Flash-Free string or as a string with an electric wireline or capillary tube installed. QT-1100 is
manufactured from high strength low alloy steel (HSLAS) with alloying additions to provide resistance to
atmospheric corrosion. The chemical composition of QT-1100 meets the specification requirements of API
5ST CT110.
0.2
Aw
E = 800,000 ( )%
Lu0.9
Where:
Technical Data
Tensile Load, LT
1.000 25.4 0.087 2.2 0.826 21.0 0.849 1.264 0.250 161.0 27,450 12,450 28,950 13,130 18,040 124.4 14,400 99.5 560 760
1.000 25.4 0.095 2.4 0.810 20.6 0.919 1.368 0.270 174.3 29,710 13,480 31,330 14,210 19,800 136.5 15,000 103.4 590 800
1.000 25.4 0.102 2.6 0.796 20.2 0.979 1.457 0.288 185.6 31,650 14,360 33,380 15,140 21,340 147.1 15,000 103.4 620 840
1.000 25.4 0.109 2.8 0.782 19.9 1.038 1.545 0.305 196.8 33,560 15,220 35,390 16,050 22,880 157.8 15,000 103.4 650 880
1.000 25.4 0.118 3.0 0.764 19.4 1.113 1.656 0.327 210.9 35,970 16,310 37,930 17,200 24,860 171.4 15,000 103.4 690 940
1.000 25.4 0.125 3.2 0.750 19.1 1.169 1.740 0.344 221.7 37,800 17,140 39,860 18,080 26,400 182.0 15,000 103.4 710 960
1.250 31.8 0.087 2.2 1.076 27.4 1.082 1.613 0.318 205.4 34,970 15,890 36,870 16,760 14,430 99.4 11,500 79.5 920 1,250
1.250 31.8 0.095 2.4 1.060 27.0 1.173 1.749 0.345 222.8 37,920 17,230 39,990 18,170 15,840 109.0 12,700 87.2 980 1,330
1.250 31.8 0.102 2.6 1.046 26.6 1.252 1.866 0.368 237.7 40,470 18,390 42,670 19,390 17,070 117.5 13,700 94.0 1,030 1,400
1.250 31.8 0.109 2.8 1.032 26.3 1.330 1.982 0.391 252.5 42,980 19,530 45,320 20,590 18,300 126.0 14,600 100.8 1,090 1,480
1.250 31.8 0.118 3.0 1.014 25.8 1.428 2.129 0.420 271.2 46,160 20,970 48,680 22,120 19,890 136.9 15,000 103.4 1,150 1,560
1.250 31.8 0.125 3.2 1.000 25.5 1.503 2.241 0.442 285.5 48,600 22,080 51,250 23,290 21,120 145.4 15,000 103.4 1,200 1,630
1.250 31.8 0.134 3.4 0.982 25.0 1.599 2.384 0.470 303.6 51,680 23,480 54,500 24,760 22,700 156.3 15,000 103.4 1,260 1,710
1.250 31.8 0.145 3.7 0.960 24.4 1.713 2.554 0.503 325.3 55,370 25,160 58,390 26,530 24,640 169.6 15,000 103.4 1,320 1,790
1.250 31.8 0.156 4.0 0.938 23.9 1.824 2.720 0.536 346.5 58,980 26,800 62,190 28,260 26,580 182.9 15,000 103.4 1,390 1,880
1.250 31.8 0.175 4.4 0.900 22.9 2.011 2.999 0.591 382.0 65,010 29,540 68,560 31,150 29,920 206.0 15,000 103.4 1,480 2,010
1.250 31.8 0.188 4.8 0.874 22.2 2.134 3.183 0.627 405.4 69,000 31,350 72,760 33,060 32,210 221.7 15,000 103.4 1,540 2,090
1.500 38.1 0.095 2.4 1.310 33.3 1.427 2.124 0.419 270.5 46,130 20,920 48,640 22,060 13,200 91.0 10,600 72.8 1,470 1,990
1.500 38.1 0.102 2.6 1.296 32.9 1.524 2.269 0.448 289.0 49,280 22,350 51,970 23,570 14,230 98.1 11,400 78.5 1,550 2,100
1.500 38.1 0.109 2.8 1.282 32.6 1.621 2.412 0.476 307.3 52,400 23,770 55,250 25,060 15,250 105.2 12,200 84.1 1,640 2,220
1.500 38.1 0.118 3.0 1.264 32.1 1.743 2.594 0.512 330.5 56,360 25,560 59,430 26,960 16,570 114.3 13,300 91.4 1,740 2,360
1.500 38.1 0.125 3.2 1.250 31.8 1.837 2.735 0.540 348.4 59,400 26,940 62,640 28,410 17,600 121.3 14,100 97.1 1,820 2,470
1.500 38.1 0.134 3.4 1.232 31.3 1.957 2.912 0.575 371.0 63,260 28,690 66,710 30,260 18,920 130.4 15,000 103.4 1,910 2,590
1.500 38.1 0.145 3.7 1.210 30.7 2.100 3.126 0.617 398.2 67,900 30,800 71,600 32,480 20,530 141.6 15,000 103.4 2,020 2,740
1.500 38.1 0.156 4.0 1.188 30.2 2.241 3.336 0.659 425.0 72,450 32,870 76,410 34,660 22,150 152.7 15,000 103.4 2,130 2,890
1.500 38.1 0.175 4.4 1.150 29.2 2.479 3.689 0.728 470.0 80,130 36,350 84,500 38,330 24,930 171.9 15,000 103.4 2,300 3,120
1.500 38.1 0.188 4.8 1.124 28.5 2.637 3.924 0.775 499.9 85,240 38,660 89,890 40,770 26,840 185.1 15,000 103.4 2,400 3,250
1.500 38.1 0.203 5.2 1.094 27.8 2.815 4.189 0.827 533.6 90,990 41,270 95,950 43,520 29,040 200.2 15,000 103.4 2,510 3,400
1.750 44.5 0.109 2.8 1.532 39.0 1.912 2.849 0.562 363.0 61,810 28,070 65,180 29,600 13,070 90.0 10,500 72.0 2,300 3,120
1.750 44.5 0.118 3.0 1.514 38.5 2.059 3.068 0.605 390.8 66,550 30,220 70,180 31,870 14,210 97.8 11,400 78.3 2,450 3,320
1.750 44.5 0.125 3.2 1.500 38.2 2.171 3.236 0.638 412.2 70,200 31,880 74,020 33,620 15,090 103.9 12,100 83.1 2,560 3,470
1.750 44.5 0.134 3.4 1.482 37.7 2.315 3.450 0.680 439.4 74,830 33,990 78,910 35,840 16,220 111.7 13,000 89.4 2,700 3,660
1.750 44.5 0.145 3.7 1.460 37.1 2.488 3.707 0.731 472.3 80,420 36,520 84,810 38,520 17,600 121.2 14,100 97.0 2,870 3,890
1.750 44.5 0.156 4.0 1.438 36.6 2.658 3.961 0.781 504.6 85,930 39,030 90,620 41,150 18,980 130.7 15,000 103.4 3,030 4,110
1.750 44.5 0.175 4.4 1.400 35.6 2.946 4.391 0.866 559.3 95,250 43,260 100,440 45,620 21,370 147.2 15,000 103.4 3,290 4,460
1.750 44.5 0.188 4.8 1.374 34.9 3.139 4.678 0.923 595.9 101,480 46,090 107,020 48,600 23,010 158.4 15,000 103.4 3,450 4,680
1.750 44.5 0.203 5.2 1.344 34.2 3.357 5.003 0.987 637.3 108,530 49,290 114,440 51,980 24,890 171.4 15,000 103.4 3,630 4,920
1.750 44.5 0.224 5.7 1.302 33.1 3.654 5.444 1.074 693.4 118,130 53,630 124,570 56,550 27,530 189.5 15,000 103.4 3,860 5,230
2.000 50.8 0.109 2.8 1.782 45.3 2.203 3.279 0.648 417.8 71,230 32,310 75,120 34,070 11,440 78.9 9,200 63.1 3,070 4,160
2.000 50.8 0.118 3.0 1.764 44.8 2.374 3.533 0.698 450.1 76,740 34,810 80,930 36,710 12,430 85.7 9,900 68.6 3,280 4,450
2.000 50.8 0.125 3.2 1.750 44.5 2.505 3.729 0.736 475.0 80,990 36,740 85,410 38,740 13,200 91.0 10,600 72.8 3,440 4,660
2.000 50.8 0.134 3.4 1.732 44.0 2.673 3.978 0.786 506.8 86,410 39,190 91,120 41,330 14,190 97.8 11,400 78.3 3,640 4,940
2.000 50.8 0.145 3.7 1.710 43.4 2.875 4.280 0.845 545.2 92,950 42,160 98,020 44,460 15,400 106.2 12,300 84.9 3,870 5,250
2.000 50.8 0.156 4.0 1.688 42.9 3.075 4.577 0.904 583.0 99,410 45,090 104,830 47,550 16,610 114.5 13,300 91.6 4,090 5,550
2.000 50.8 0.175 4.4 1.650 41.9 3.414 5.081 1.003 647.3 110,370 50,060 116,390 52,790 18,700 128.9 15,000 103.1 4,460 6,050
Tensile Load, LT
2.000 50.8 0.188 4.8 1.624 41.2 3.642 5.420 1.070 690.5 117,720 53,400 124,140 56,310 20,130 138.8 15,000 103.4 4,700 6,370
2.000 50.8 0.203 5.2 1.594 40.5 3.900 5.804 1.146 739.4 126,060 57,180 132,940 60,300 21,780 150.2 15,000 103.4 4,960 6,720
2.000 50.8 0.224 5.7 1.552 39.4 4.253 6.327 1.250 806.0 137,480 62,330 144,980 65,730 24,090 166.0 15,000 103.4 5,300 7,190
2.000 50.8 0.236 6.0 1.528 38.8 4.450 6.623 1.308 843.7 143,860 65,250 151,710 68,810 25,410 175.2 15,000 103.4 5,480 7,430
2.000 50.8 0.250 6.4 1.500 38.1 4.677 6.961 1.374 886.7 151,190 68,580 159,440 72,320 26,950 185.8 15,000 103.4 5,680 7,700
2.375 60.3 0.134 3.4 2.107 53.5 3.210 4.776 0.943 608.4 103,770 47,050 109,430 49,620 11,950 82.4 9,600 65.9 5,300 7,190
2.375 60.3 0.145 3.7 2.085 52.9 3.457 5.142 1.016 655.1 111,740 50,660 117,840 53,430 12,970 89.5 10,400 71.6 5,650 7,660
2.375 60.3 0.156 4.0 2.063 52.4 3.700 5.505 1.088 701.3 119,630 54,240 126,150 57,200 13,990 96.5 11,200 77.2 6,000 8,130
2.375 60.3 0.175 4.4 2.025 51.4 4.116 6.123 1.210 780.0 133,050 60,320 140,300 63,610 15,750 108.6 12,600 86.9 6,560 8,890
2.375 60.3 0.188 4.8 1.999 50.7 4.395 6.539 1.292 833.0 142,090 64,420 149,840 67,930 16,950 116.9 13,600 93.5 6,930 9,400
2.375 60.3 0.203 5.2 1.969 50.0 4.713 7.012 1.385 893.3 152,370 69,080 160,680 72,850 18,340 126.5 14,700 101.2 7,340 9,950
2.375 60.3 0.224 5.7 1.927 48.9 5.151 7.659 1.514 975.7 166,510 75,460 175,590 79,580 20,290 139.9 15,000 103.4 7,890 10,700
2.375 60.3 0.236 6.0 1.903 48.3 5.396 8.028 1.586 1,022.6 174,450 79,090 183,960 83,400 21,400 147.6 15,000 103.4 8,180 11,090
2.375 60.3 0.250 6.4 1.875 47.6 5.679 8.449 1.669 1,076.3 183,590 83,240 193,600 87,780 22,690 156.5 15,000 103.4 8,510 11,540
2.625 66.7 0.156 4.0 2.313 58.8 4.117 6.131 1.210 781.0 133,100 60,400 140,360 63,690 12,660 87.2 10,100 69.8 7,470 10,130
2.625 66.7 0.175 4.4 2.275 57.8 4.583 6.824 1.347 869.4 148,170 67,230 156,250 70,900 14,250 98.2 11,400 78.6 8,190 11,100
2.625 66.7 0.188 4.8 2.249 57.1 4.898 7.292 1.439 929.0 158,330 71,850 166,960 75,760 15,340 105.7 12,300 84.6 8,670 11,750
2.625 66.7 0.203 5.2 2.219 56.4 5.256 7.826 1.545 996.9 169,910 77,100 179,180 81,310 16,590 114.4 13,300 91.5 9,200 12,470
2.625 66.7 0.224 5.7 2.177 55.3 5.749 8.557 1.690 1,090.1 185,860 84,300 196,000 88,900 18,350 126.4 14,700 101.2 9,900 13,420
2.625 66.7 0.236 6.0 2.153 54.7 6.027 8.974 1.771 1,143.1 194,840 88,410 205,460 93,230 19,360 133.4 15,000 103.4 10,290 13,950
2.625 66.7 0.250 6.4 2.125 54.0 6.347 9.451 1.865 1,203.9 205,190 93,110 216,380 98,190 20,530 141.5 15,000 103.4 10,720 14,530
2.875 73.0 0.156 4.0 2.563 65.1 4.534 6.746 1.333 859.4 146,580 66,460 154,580 70,090 11,550 79.7 9,200 63.8 9,100 12,340
2.875 73.0 0.175 4.4 2.525 64.1 5.051 7.515 1.484 957.3 163,280 74,040 172,190 78,080 13,010 89.7 10,400 71.8 10,000 13,560
2.875 73.0 0.188 4.8 2.499 63.4 5.400 8.034 1.587 1,023.5 174,570 79,150 184,090 83,470 14,000 96.6 11,200 77.3 10,600 14,370
2.875 73.0 0.203 5.2 2.469 62.7 5.798 8.627 1.704 1,099.0 187,450 84,990 197,670 89,630 15,150 104.5 12,100 83.6 11,260 15,270
2.875 73.0 0.224 5.7 2.427 61.6 6.348 9.441 1.866 1,202.6 205,210 93,010 216,400 98,080 16,760 115.5 13,400 92.4 12,150 16,470
2.875 73.0 0.236 6.0 2.403 61.0 6.658 9.905 1.957 1,261.8 215,230 97,580 226,970 102,910 17,680 121.9 14,100 97.5 12,640 17,140
2.875 73.0 0.250 6.4 2.375 60.3 7.015 10.437 2.062 1,329.6 226,780 102,830 239,150 108,440 18,750 129.3 15,000 103.4 13,190 17,880
For the appropriate sizes, QT-1300 can be routinely ordered as a TRUE-TAPER string, straight wall or as a
string with an electric wireline or capillary tube installed. QT-1300 is manufactured from high strength low
alloy steel (HSLAS) with alloying additions to provide resistance to atmospheric corrosion.
0.2
Aw
E = 750,000 ( )%
Lu0.9
Where:
Technical Data
Tensile Load, LT
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
Tensile Load, LT
For the appropriate sizes, QT-1400 can be routinely ordered as a TRUE-TAPER string, straight wall or as a
string with an electric wireline or capillary tube installed. QT-1400 is manufactured from high strength low
alloy steel (HSLAS) with alloying additions to provide resistance to atmospheric corrosion.
Minimum Tensile Strength, psi (MPa) 145,000 (1,000)
0.2
Aw
E = 750,000 ( )%
Lu0.9
Where:
Technical Data
Tensile Load, LT
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
HO-70 Technical Data Sheet
Upon request, HO-70 can be ordered as a Flash-Free product. As supplied, HO-70 may contain tube-to-tube
welds. HO-70 is manufactured from high strength low alloy steel (HSLAS).
0.2
Aw
E = 625,000 ( )%
Lu0.9
Where:
Technical Data
Tensile Load, LT
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
Tensile Load, LT
Footnotes to Specification Tables
1. The specified diameters (D) and wall thicknesses (t) are specified by Quality Tubing.
2. For coiled tubing work strings, the minimum wall thickness (tmin) in unrepaired sections is equal to
the specified wall thickness minus 0.005” (0.13 mm) for all sizes and thicknesses.
tmin = t – 0.005” (0.13 mm)
Equation 1: Minimum wall thickness
3. The minimum wall thickness at repaired sections of strings does not fall outside the minimum wall
specified by the customer unless the customer so approves.
4. For HO-70 strings, the minimum wall thickness is 90% of the specified wall thickness. This may
occur at flaw-removal areas.
tmin = 90% of t
Equation 2: Minimum wall thickness for HO-70
5. The calculated inside diameter (d) is equal to the specified outside diameter (D), minus twice the
specified wall thickness.
d = D – (2t)
Equation 3: Calculated inside diameter
6. The theoretical plain end mass in US customary units is based on specified dimensions of coiled
tubing and calculated with the following formula:
mpe = 10.69 × (D – t) × t in lb/ft.
Equation 4: Plain end mass
7. The pipe body yield load and tensile load is based on specified outside diameter, specified wall
thickness and either the minimum specified yield strength or tensile strength as appropriate. The
values are rounded to the nearest 10 pounds (10 kg). Caution is advised when working with worn
strings because both the yield load and tensile strengths may diminish.
8. For coiled tubing work strings, the calculated internal yield pressure and hydrostatic test pressure
are based on specified minimum wall thickness, specified minimum yield strength, specified
outside diameter and Barlow’s formula. The internal pressure is rounded to the nearest 10 psi (0.1
MPa). The hydrostatic test pressure is rounded to the nearest 100 psi (1 MPa).
9. The hydrostatic test pressure is defined for new tubing and is the minimum test pressure (80% of
the yield pressure) for a string, calculated from the Barlow formula and using the thinnest wall
section in the string.
10. Internal Flash: Flash does not exceed 0.100” (2.54 mm) for wall thickness less than 0.156” (3.96
mm). For wall thicknesses greater than or equal to 0.156” (3.96 mm), the flash height does not
exceed 0.120” (3.05 mm).
11. Mechanical data common to all grades: The following pages show flow areas, internal capacities,
external displacement, free point data and the external minus internal displacement, using
specified values for coiled tubing, without allowance for the presence of internal flash.
Cautionary Notes
The performance properties and test pressures shown apply to as-manufactured coiled tubing and do not
take in to account additional deformation, axial load, residual stresses or ovality caused by spooling or service
cycling. Section 6 details the effects of tensile loading, torsion, ovality and suggested corrosion derating
factors on the collapse pressure for used coiled tubing.
Quality Tubing recommends that working pressure and working loads should be based on appropriate safety
factors. It is not Quality Tubing’s responsibility to determine operating safety factors. The hydrostatic test
pressure is internally specified and should not be considered as a working pressure.
Quality Tubing advises its customers that the yield strength of any coiled tubing product may diminish over
the first few cycles of use.
Coiled Tubing Dimensions, Areas and Volumes
Pipe Metal
Internal External Displace. Ext-
Outside Wall Calc. Inside Plain End Cross Gauge Ball Free Point
Flow Area Capacity per Displace. Int Stretch Factor
Diameter, D Thickness, t Diam., d Mass, Mpe Sectional Area, Diameter Const.
1,000 ft. per 1,000 ft. per 1,000 ft
A
mm/
litre/ litre/ litre/ in/kip/
in mm in mm in mm lb/ft kg/m in2 mm2 in2 mm2 bbl bbl bbl in mm 1,000 ft
kPa/ ft m
100m 100m 100m 100 m
1.000 25.4 0.087 2.2 0.826 21.0 0.849 1.264 0.250 161.0 0.536 345.7 0.6628 34.57 0.971 50.67 0.3086 16.10 0.625 15.875 1.603 0.302 624 190
1.000 25.4 0.095 2.4 0.810 20.6 0.919 1.368 0.270 174.3 0.515 332.5 0.6374 33.25 0.971 50.67 0.3341 17.43 0.625 15.875 1.481 0.279 675 206
1.000 25.4 0.102 2.6 0.796 20.2 0.979 1.457 0.288 185.6 0.498 321.1 0.6155 32.11 0.971 50.67 0.3559 18.56 0.625 15.875 1.390 0.261 719 219
1.000 25.4 0.109 2.8 0.782 19.9 1.038 1.545 0.305 196.8 0.480 309.9 0.5941 30.99 0.971 50.67 0.3774 19.68 0.625 15.875 1.311 0.247 763 232
1.000 25.4 0.118 3.0 0.764 19.4 1.113 1.656 0.327 210.9 0.458 295.8 0.5670 29.58 0.971 50.67 0.4044 21.09 0.625 15.875 1.223 0.230 817 249
1.000 25.4 0.125 3.2 0.750 19.1 1.169 1.740 0.344 221.7 0.442 285.0 0.5464 28.50 0.971 50.67 0.4250 22.17 0.375 9.525 1.164 0.219 859 262
1.250 31.8 0.087 2.2 1.076 27.3 1.082 1.610 0.318 205.1 0.909 586.7 1.1247 58.67 1.518 79.17 0.3932 20.51 0.750 19.050 1.258 0.237 795 242
1.250 31.8 0.095 2.4 1.060 26.9 1.173 1.746 0.345 222.4 0.882 569.3 1.0915 56.93 1.518 79.17 0.4264 22.24 0.750 19.050 1.160 0.218 862 263
1.250 31.8 0.102 2.6 1.046 26.6 1.252 1.863 0.368 237.3 0.859 554.4 1.0629 55.44 1.518 79.17 0.4550 23.73 0.750 19.050 1.087 0.205 920 280
1.250 31.8 0.109 2.8 1.032 26.2 1.330 1.979 0.391 252.1 0.836 539.7 1.0346 53.97 1.518 79.17 0.4833 25.21 0.750 19.050 1.024 0.193 977 298
1.250 31.8 0.118 3.0 1.014 25.8 1.428 2.125 0.420 270.7 0.808 521.0 0.9988 52.10 1.518 79.17 0.5190 27.07 0.750 19.050 0.953 0.179 1,049 320
1.250 31.8 0.125 3.2 1.000 25.4 1.503 2.237 0.442 285.0 0.785 506.7 0.9714 50.67 1.518 79.17 0.5464 28.50 0.750 19.050 0.905 0.170 1,104 337
1.250 31.8 0.134 3.4 0.982 24.9 1.599 2.379 0.470 303.1 0.757 488.6 0.9368 48.86 1.518 79.17 0.5811 30.31 0.750 19.050 0.851 0.160 1,175 358
1.250 31.8 0.145 3.7 0.960 24.4 1.713 2.549 0.503 324.7 0.724 467.0 0.8953 46.70 1.518 79.17 0.6226 32.47 0.750 19.050 0.795 0.149 1,258 384
1.250 31.8 0.156 4.0 0.938 23.8 1.824 2.715 0.536 345.9 0.691 445.8 0.8547 44.58 1.518 79.17 0.6632 34.59 0.750 19.050 0.746 0.140 1,340 409
1.250 31.8 0.175 4.4 0.900 22.9 2.011 2.993 0.591 381.3 0.636 410.4 0.7869 41.04 1.518 79.17 0.7310 38.13 0.625 15.875 0.677 0.127 1,478 450
1.250 31.8 0.188 4.8 0.874 22.2 2.134 3.177 0.627 404.7 0.600 387.1 0.7421 38.71 1.518 79.17 0.7758 40.47 0.625 15.875 0.638 0.120 1,568 478
1.500 38.1 0.095 2.4 1.310 33.3 1.427 2.124 0.419 270.5 1.348 869.6 1.6671 86.96 2.186 114.01 0.5186 27.05 1.000 25.400 0.954 0.179 1,048 320
1.500 38.1 0.102 2.6 1.296 32.9 1.524 2.269 0.448 289.0 1.319 851.1 1.6316 85.11 2.186 114.01 0.5541 28.90 1.000 25.400 0.893 0.168 1,120 341
1.500 38.1 0.109 2.8 1.282 32.6 1.621 2.412 0.476 307.3 1.291 832.8 1.5966 83.28 2.186 114.01 0.5891 30.73 1.000 25.400 0.840 0.158 1,191 363
1.500 38.1 0.118 3.0 1.264 32.1 1.743 2.595 0.512 330.5 1.255 809.6 1.5520 80.96 2.186 114.01 0.6337 33.05 1.000 25.400 0.781 0.147 1,281 390
1.500 38.1 0.125 3.2 1.250 31.8 1.837 2.735 0.540 348.4 1.227 791.7 1.5179 79.17 2.186 114.01 0.6679 34.84 1.000 25.400 0.741 0.139 1,350 411
1.500 38.1 0.134 3.4 1.232 31.3 1.957 2.912 0.575 371.0 1.192 769.1 1.4745 76.91 2.186 114.01 0.7113 37.10 1.000 25.400 0.696 0.131 1,438 438
1.500 38.1 0.145 3.7 1.210 30.7 2.100 3.126 0.617 398.2 1.150 741.9 1.4223 74.19 2.186 114.01 0.7634 39.82 1.000 25.400 0.648 0.122 1,543 470
1.500 38.1 0.156 4.0 1.188 30.2 2.241 3.336 0.659 425.0 1.108 715.1 1.3710 71.51 2.186 114.01 0.8147 42.50 1.000 25.400 0.607 0.114 1,647 502
1.500 38.1 0.175 4.4 1.150 29.2 2.479 3.689 0.728 470.0 1.039 670.1 1.2847 67.01 2.186 114.01 0.9010 47.00 0.750 25.400 0.549 0.103 1,821 555
1.500 38.1 0.188 4.8 1.124 28.5 2.637 3.924 0.775 499.9 0.992 640.2 1.2273 64.02 2.186 114.01 0.9584 49.99 0.750 19.050 0.516 0.097 1,937 590
1.500 38.1 0.203 5.2 1.094 27.8 2.815 4.189 0.827 533.6 0.940 606.4 1.1626 60.64 2.186 114.01 1.0231 53.36 0.750 19.050 0.484 0.091 2,068 630
1.750 44.5 0.109 2.8 1.532 38.9 1.912 2.846 0.562 362.5 1.843 1189.3 2.2800 118.93 2.975 155.18 0.6950 36.25 1.313 33.350 0.712 0.134 1,405 428
1.750 44.5 0.118 3.0 1.514 38.5 2.059 3.064 0.605 390.3 1.800 1161.5 2.2267 116.15 2.975 155.18 0.7483 39.03 1.313 33.350 0.661 0.124 1,512 461
1.750 44.5 0.125 3.2 1.500 38.1 2.171 3.232 0.638 411.7 1.767 1140.1 2.1857 114.01 2.975 155.18 0.7893 41.17 1.313 33.350 0.627 0.118 1,595 486
1.750 44.5 0.134 3.4 1.482 37.6 2.315 3.445 0.680 438.9 1.725 1112.9 2.1336 111.29 2.975 155.18 0.8414 43.89 1.313 33.350 0.588 0.111 1,701 518
1.750 44.5 0.145 3.7 1.460 37.1 2.488 3.703 0.731 471.7 1.674 1080.1 2.0707 108.01 2.975 155.18 0.9043 47.17 1.313 33.350 0.547 0.103 1,828 557
1.750 44.5 0.156 4.0 1.438 36.5 2.658 3.956 0.781 504.0 1.624 1047.8 2.0088 104.78 2.975 155.18 0.9662 50.40 1.000 25.400 0.512 0.096 1,953 595
1.750 44.5 0.175 4.4 1.400 35.6 2.946 4.385 0.866 558.6 1.539 993.1 1.9040 99.31 2.975 155.18 1.0710 55.86 1.000 25.400 0.462 0.087 2,165 660
1.750 44.5 0.188 4.8 1.374 34.9 3.139 4.672 0.923 595.2 1.483 956.6 1.8339 95.66 2.975 155.18 1.1411 59.52 1.000 25.400 0.434 0.082 2,306 703
1.750 44.5 0.203 5.2 1.344 34.1 3.357 4.997 0.987 636.5 1.419 915.3 1.7547 91.53 2.975 155.18 1.2203 63.65 1.000 25.400 0.405 0.076 2,466 752
1.750 44.5 0.224 5.7 1.302 33.1 3.654 5.439 1.074 692.8 1.331 859.0 1.6468 85.90 2.975 155.18 1.3282 69.28 1.000 25.400 0.372 0.070 2,685 818
2.000 50.8 0.109 2.8 1.782 45.3 2.203 3.279 0.648 417.8 2.494 1609.1 3.0848 160.91 3.886 202.68 0.8009 41.78 1.500 38.100 0.618 0.116 1,619 493
2.000 50.8 0.118 3.0 1.764 44.8 2.374 3.533 0.698 450.1 2.444 1576.7 3.0228 157.67 3.886 202.68 0.8629 45.01 1.500 38.100 0.573 0.108 1,744 532
2.000 50.8 0.125 3.2 1.750 44.5 2.505 3.729 0.736 475.0 2.405 1551.8 2.9750 155.18 3.886 202.68 0.9107 47.50 1.500 38.100 0.543 0.102 1,841 561
2.000 50.8 0.134 3.4 1.732 44.0 2.673 3.978 0.786 506.8 2.356 1520.0 2.9141 152.00 3.886 202.68 0.9716 50.68 1.500 38.100 0.509 0.096 1,964 599
2.000 50.8 0.145 3.7 1.710 43.4 2.875 4.280 0.845 545.2 2.297 1481.7 2.8406 148.17 3.886 202.68 1.0452 54.52 1.500 38.100 0.473 0.089 2,113 644
2.000 50.8 0.156 4.0 1.688 42.9 3.075 4.577 0.904 583.0 2.238 1443.8 2.7679 144.38 3.886 202.68 1.1178 58.30 1.500 38.100 0.443 0.083 2,259 689
2.000 50.8 0.175 4.4 1.650 41.9 3.414 5.081 1.003 647.3 2.138 1379.5 2.6447 137.95 3.886 202.68 1.2410 64.73 1.313 38.100 0.399 0.075 2,508 765
2.000 50.8 0.188 4.8 1.624 41.2 3.642 5.420 1.070 690.5 2.071 1336.4 2.5620 133.64 3.886 202.68 1.3237 69.05 1.313 33.350 0.374 0.070 2,676 815
2.000 50.8 0.203 5.2 1.594 40.5 3.900 5.804 1.146 739.4 1.996 1287.5 2.4682 128.75 3.886 202.68 1.4175 73.94 1.313 33.350 0.349 0.066 2,865 873
2.000 50.8 0.224 5.7 1.552 39.4 4.253 6.330 1.250 806.3 1.892 1220.5 2.3399 122.05 3.886 202.68 1.5458 80.63 1.313 33.350 0.320 0.060 3,125 952
2.000 50.8 0.236 6.0 1.528 38.8 4.450 6.624 1.308 843.8 1.834 1183.1 2.2681 118.31 3.886 202.68 1.6176 84.38 1.313 33.350 0.306 0.058 3,270 997
2.000 50.8 0.250 6.4 1.500 38.1 4.677 6.961 1.374 886.7 1.767 1140.1 2.1857 114.01 3.886 202.68 1.7000 88.67 1.313 33.350 0.291 0.055 3,436 1047
2.375 60.3 0.134 3.4 2.107 53.5 3.210 4.778 0.943 608.6 3.487 2249.5 4.3126 224.95 5.479 285.81 1.1669 60.86 1.750 44.450 0.424 0.080 2,359 719
2.375 60.3 0.145 3.7 2.085 53.0 3.457 5.145 1.016 655.4 3.414 2202.8 4.2230 220.28 5.479 285.81 1.2564 65.54 1.750 44.450 0.394 0.074 2,540 774
2.375 60.3 0.156 4.0 2.063 52.4 3.700 5.508 1.088 701.6 3.343 2156.5 4.1344 215.65 5.479 285.81 1.3451 70.16 1.750 44.450 0.368 0.069 2,719 829
2.375 60.3 0.175 4.4 2.025 51.4 4.116 6.126 1.210 780.3 3.221 2077.8 3.9835 207.78 5.479 285.81 1.4960 78.03 1.750 44.450 0.331 0.062 3,024 922
2.375 60.3 0.188 4.8 1.999 50.8 4.395 6.542 1.292 833.3 3.138 2024.8 3.8818 202.48 5.479 285.81 1.5976 83.33 1.750 44.450 0.310 0.058 3,229 984
2.375 60.3 0.203 5.2 1.969 50.0 4.713 7.015 1.385 893.7 3.045 1964.5 3.7662 196.45 5.479 285.81 1.7133 89.37 1.750 44.450 0.289 0.054 3,463 1056
2.375 60.3 0.224 5.7 1.927 48.9 5.151 7.666 1.514 976.6 2.916 1881.6 3.6072 188.16 5.479 285.81 1.8722 97.66 1.750 44.450 0.264 0.050 3,784 1153
2.375 60.3 0.236 6.0 1.903 48.3 5.396 8.032 1.586 1023.2 2.844 1835.0 3.5179 183.50 5.479 285.81 1.9615 102.32 1.750 44.450 0.252 0.047 3,965 1208
2.375 60.3 0.250 6.4 1.875 47.6 5.679 8.453 1.669 1076.8 2.761 1781.4 3.4152 178.14 5.479 285.81 2.0643 107.68 1.500 33.350 0.240 0.045 4,172 1272
2.625 66.7 0.156 4.0 2.313 58.8 4.117 6.128 1.210 780.7 4.202 2710.9 5.1971 271.09 6.694 349.15 1.4966 78.07 2.000 50.800 0.331 0.062 3,025 922
2.625 66.7 0.175 4.4 2.275 57.8 4.583 6.822 1.347 869.0 4.065 2622.5 5.0278 262.25 6.694 349.15 1.6660 86.90 2.000 50.800 0.297 0.056 3,367 1026
2.625 66.7 0.188 4.8 2.249 57.1 4.898 7.290 1.439 928.6 3.973 2562.9 4.9135 256.29 6.694 349.15 1.7803 92.86 2.000 50.800 0.278 0.052 3,598 1097
2.625 66.7 0.203 5.2 2.219 56.4 5.256 7.823 1.545 996.5 3.867 2495.0 4.7833 249.50 6.694 349.15 1.9105 99.65 2.000 50.800 0.259 0.049 3,862 1177
Pipe Metal
Internal External Displace. Ext-
Outside Wall Calc. Inside Plain End Cross Gauge Ball Free Point
Flow Area Capacity per Displace. Int Stretch Factor
Diameter, D Thickness, t Diam., d Mass, Mpe Sectional Area, Diameter Const.
1,000 ft. per 1,000 ft. per 1,000 ft
A
mm/
litre/ litre/ litre/ in/kip/
in mm in mm in mm lb/ft kg/m in2 mm2 in2 mm2 bbl bbl bbl in mm kPa/ ft m
100m 100m 100m 1,000 ft
100 m
2.625 66.7 0.224 5.7 2.177 55.3 5.749 8.557 1.690 1090.1 3.722 2401.5 4.6039 240.15 6.694 349.15 2.0898 109.01 2.000 50.800 0.237 0.045 4,224 1287
2.625 66.7 0.236 6.0 2.153 54.7 6.027 8.970 1.771 1142.7 3.641 2348.8 4.5030 234.88 6.694 349.15 2.1908 114.27 2.000 50.800 0.226 0.042 4,428 1350
2.625 66.7 0.250 6.4 2.125 54.0 6.347 9.447 1.865 1203.4 3.547 2288.1 4.3866 228.81 6.694 349.15 2.3071 120.34 1.750 44.450 0.214 0.040 4,663 1421
2.875 73.0 0.156 4.0 2.563 65.1 4.534 6.746 1.333 859.4 5.159 3,326. 6.381 332.60 8.0295 418.54 1.6482 85.94 2.250 57.150 0.300 0.056 3,331 1,015
2.875 73.0 0.175 4.4 2.525 64.1 5.051 7.515 1.484 957.3 5.007 3,228.0 6.193 322.81 8.0295 418.54 1.8360 95.73 2.250 57.150 0.269 0.051 3,711 1,131
2.875 73.0 0.188 4.8 2.499 63.4 5.400 8.034 1.587 1,023. 4.905 3,161.1 6.067 316.19 8.0295 418.54 1.9629 102.35 2.250 57.150 0.252 0.047 3,967 1,209
2.875 73.0 0.203 5.2 2.469 62.7 5.798 8.627 1.704 1,099.5 4.788 3,086.9 5.922 308.64 8.0295 418.54 2.1077 109.90 2.250 57.150 0.235 0.044 4,260 1,298
2.875 73.0 0.224 5.7 2.427 61.6 6.348 9.441 1.866 1,202.0 4.626 2,982.4 5.722 298.28 8.0295 418.54 2.3074 120.26 2.250 57.150 0.214 0.040 4,664 1,420
2.875 73.0 0.236 6.0 2.403 61.0 6.658 9.905 1.957 1,261.6 4.535 2,923.8 5.609 292.36 8.0295 418.54 2.4200 126.18 2.250 57.150 0.204 0.038 4,892 1,490
2.875 73.0 0.250 6.4 2.375 60.3 7.015 10.437 2.062 1,329.8 4.430 2,855.6 5.479 285.58 8.0295 418.54 2.5500 132.96 2.000 50.800 0.194 0.037 5,154 1,570
3.250 82.6 0.188 4.8 2.874 73.0 6.154 9.165 1.808 1,167.6 6.487 4,191.8 8.024 419.11 10.261 535.86 2.2368 116.75 2.625 66.675 0.221 0.042 4,521 1,379
3.250 82.6 0.203 5.2 2.844 72.3 6.612 9.848 1.943 1,254.5 6.353 4,104.1 7.857 410.41 10.261 535.86 2.4035 125.45 2.625 66.675 0.206 0.039 4,858 1,482
3.250 82.6 0.224 5.7 2.802 71.2 7.246 10.787 2.129 1,374.5 6.166 3,984.1 7.627 398.44 10.261 535.86 2.6338 137.41 2.625 66.675 0.188 0.035 5,324 1,623
3.250 82.6 0.236 6.0 2.778 70.6 7.604 11.324 2.235 1,442.1 6.061 3,916.4 7.497 391.60 10.261 535.86 2.7639 144.25 2.625 66.675 0.179 0.034 5,587 1,704
3.250 82.6 0.250 6.4 2.750 69.9 8.018 11.941 2.356 1,521.5 5.940 3,837.0 7.346 383.75 10.261 535.86 2.9143 152.11 2.500 63.500 0.170 0.032 5,891 1,797
3.500 88.9 0.188 4.8 3.124 79.3 6.656 9.907 1.956 1,262.1 7.665 4,945.5 9.481 494.51 11.900 620.72 2.4195 126.20 2.875 73.025 0.204 0.038 4,890 1,491
3.500 88.9 0.203 5.2 3.094 78.6 7.155 10.649 2.103 1,356.0 7.519 4,850.2 9.299 485.06 11.900 620.72 2.6007 135.65 2.875 73.025 0.190 0.036 5,257 1,602
3.500 88.9 0.224 5.7 3.052 77.5 7.845 11.671 2.305 1,486.5 7.316 4,720.6 9.049 472.05 11.900 620.72 2.8514 148.67 2.875 73.025 0.174 0.033 5,763 1,756
3.500 88.9 0.236 6.0 3.028 76.9 8.235 12.255 2.420 1,561.7 7.201 4,646.5 8.907 464.60 11.900 620.72 2.9932 156.12 2.875 73.025 0.165 0.031 6,050 1,844
3.500 88.9 0.250 6.4 3.000 76.2 8.686 12.927 2.553 1,646.2 7.069 4,560.0 8.743 456.04 11.900 620.72 3.1571 164.68 2.750 69.850 0.157 0.029 6,381 1,945
8 4
Flash-Free
Internal Flash
Coiled tubing is normally manufactured with an internal flash, the longitudinal bead formed on the inside of
the tubing as it is welded. When tubing is to be used in wireline operations or certain other downhole tool
applications, the presence of the internal flash can be a problem to the operator. In corrosive environments
or if the tubing is to remain in the well as the production string, removal of the internal bead can improve the
tubing’s resistance to corrosion.
Quality Tubing’s Process
In conventional ERW mills, internal flash is easy to remove from the relatively short sections of tube.
However, as an entire coiled tubing string is continuously-milled and coiled on a spool, the removal of this
internal flash is more complicated. Our facilities use technology that pumps the continuous internal flash
bead from the tubing. This process provides internal Flash-Free tubing. This proprietary manufacturing
process ensures that the entire weld bead is removed from the tubing, within the tolerances given below.
Flash is not currently removable from the ID of tapered or TRUE-TAPER strings.
Flash Tolerance
Flash-Free Strings
• The maximum remaining flash height is 0.020” (0.5 mm).
• The maximum trim depth is 0.005” (0.127 mm).
Notes
1. The tolerance on ID flash in cases where the flash is not removed is 0.100” (2.54 mm) for wall thicknesses less
than 0.156” (3.96) and 0.120” (3.05 mm) for wall thickness equal to or greater than 0.156” (3.96 mm).
2. Flash-Free is available on tubing sizes of 1.31” (33.27 mm) ID and greater.
Flash-Free Tubing Applications

Quality Tubing’s Flash-Free products improve coiled tubing performance for a wide range of downhole
operations:
• Completion and production installation strings requiring plunger lift, swab cups and jet pumps
• Setting internal packer seats
• Corrosion control
• Wireline tools
• Gauge pigging
TRUE-TAPER
Conventional Tapered Strings
As the trend to longer length and larger diameter tubing
progresses, the hanging weight of the string increases. While
dissimilar wall thickness taper designs have been successful in
the coiled tubing industry, stress points caused by non-uniform
load transfer exist at the bias weld juncture. Although careful
smoothing of the juncture between the differing wall thicknesses
has provided some reduction of the problem, the real solution
lies in tapering the strip itself to achieve a linear taper of the wall
thickness over large distances.
TRUE-TAPER Introduced by Quality Tubing
Quality Tubing, partnered with our steel supplier, has developed
a patented process for tapering strip. The TRUE-TAPER process
achieves a linear taper by gradually varying the thickness of the
Figure 9: Calculated strip thicknesses
flat steel strip over almost its entire length (80%L), except for for continuously tapered strip
two short sections at either end of the strip (10%L each). This
eliminates the use of multiple strips of constant thickness in the string when attempting to achieve tapering,
thereby reducing the need for multiple bias welds of dissimilar gauge material. The actual weld juncture
between two strips is at a point of equal thickness on both ends of the TRUE-TAPER strip, reducing the stress
concentrations caused by non-uniform load transfer when joining strips of differing material gauges.
TRUE-TAPER Availability
TRUE-TAPER is available for all OD and wall thickness sized in its QT-800 thru QT-1300 tubing lines (not
offered in QT-700). TRUE-TAPER strip thicknesses are as follows, and Figure 9 shows the calculated thickness
along the strips.
• 0.095” - 0.109” (2.4 mm - 2.8 mm)
• 0.102” - 0.125” (2.6 mm - 3.2 mm)
• 0.109” - 0.134” (2.8 mm - 3.4 mm)
• 0.134” - 0.156” (3.4 mm - 4.0 mm)
• 0.156” - 0.175” (4.0 mm - 4.4 mm)
• 0.175” - 0.203” (4.4 mm - 5.2 mm)
• 0.203” - 0.224” (5.2 mm - 5.7 mm)
• 0.224” - 0.250” (5.7 mm - 6.4 mm)
Strings developed using TRUE-TAPER strips are now considered to be

the best engineered strings available to the downhole work string
Figure 10: Nominal wall
coiled tubing industry. An example of how accurate the strip is rolled is thickness plotted against strip
shown in Figure 10, which illustrates a comparison of the calculated length in a typical 0.175”-
0.203” TRUE-TAPER
thickness (±0.005”) with measurements taken with a micrometer.
There is excellent agreement between the actual and calculated thicknesses for all TRUE-TAPER strips,
making theoretical predictions of the wall thickness, internal volume, etc., quite accurate (See SPE paper
68881).
Advantages of the TRUE-TAPER String
• Taper achieved by gradually reducing wall thickness of master coil during steel manufacturing
process
• Internal wall steps at the bias weld eliminated, producing a smoother internal diameter
• Welding similar gauge material eliminates stress concentrations
• Higher usage to pipe in high-cycle and deviated well conditions due to fewer bias welds needed
Example
In one case of string design for the North Sea, a TRUE-TAPER design, using Quality Tubing’s string design was
able to raise theoretical cycle life in many regions of the string over that of a conventional tapered string.
Three less bias welds were used in the TRUE-TAPER design than in the conventional taper design, thereby
eliminating three regions of potential weakness to bending.
TRUE-TAPER String Design
Quality Tubing provides assistance in the design of strings with TRUE-TAPER sections. Our designs help
optimize strength to weight and safety factors. Data regarding taper gradients, wall thickness, steel cross-
sectional area, load capacity and internal volume versus distance from the bias welds are available from
Quality Tubing.
4 Special Product: QT-16Cr Coiled Tubing
A special product is any product not present in the standard product section of this manual. A special product can be
categorized, but not limited to one of the following cases:
1. A product request accompanied by a customer design input requiring specific design review
2. An existing standard product requiring design modifications or a special production run
3. New products under field test
4. New products under design review
Included in this section is Quality Tubing QT-16Cr grade stainless steel coiled tubing/coiled tubing hang-off.
Product Notice August 13,2008:
Through hydro-testing, Quality Tubing has determined that when testing at pressures based on 80% of
specified minimum yield strength (SMYS), that the tubing’s outside diameter may grow beyond the
specification of + 0.010” above nominal. This diametrical growth, specifically of the OD, could potentially
create fitment issues with connectors as well as compatibility with standard sized inserts in BOP strippers. It
should be noted that the specified burst strength and axial strength specifications remain as per the
published specifications.
Quality Tubing has determined that a hydrostatic pressure test performed at 64% of tubing internal yield
pressure will be free from any diametrical growth while still verifying the pressure capacity of the tubing.
Users of QT-16Cr should be aware that the use of internal pressures in excess of Quality Tubing’s stated
hydro-test pressure on the Material Certification-Weld Location Record may result in diametrical growth of
the product.
As supplied, QT-16Cr may contain tube-to-tube welds. This material is not supplied as Flash-Free or TRUE-
TAPER.
Please direct any questions you may have in regards to this issue to your Quality Tubing Representative or
directly to the Product Development department.
Corrosion Testing
QT-16Cr has been tested for sulfide stress cracking resistance in sour environments containing H2S in
accordance with NACE TM-0177 testing requirements for both solution A (5% NaCl, 0.5% acetic acid, 720
hours) and solution B (5% NaCl, 0.23% acetic acid, 0.4% sodium acetate, 720 hours). The results show QT-
16Cr has resistance to sulfide stress cracking equivalent to conventional 8 low-strength coiled tubing grades
(90,000 psi specified minimum yield strength and below).
QT-16Cr was tested for resistance to chloride stress cracking using a modified ASTM G123 boiling 15% sodium
chloride for 1,000 hours. Results show complete resistance when loaded up to 100% of the minimum
specified yield strength and slightly limited susceptibility when loaded to 105% of minimum specified yield
strength.
QT-16Cr also exhibits approximately 1/3 the wear rate of QT-900 as demonstrated in a modified ASTM G75
slurry abrasion test, conducted dry without slurry or an abrasive against a 13% Chrome wear block. This wear
resistance combined with the demonstrated corrosion resistance means QT-16Cr has excellent resistance to
wet slurry abrasion corrosion.
Tubing Scaled Tubing De-scaled Tubing

Model General Corrosion Loss Average Pit Depth Average Pitt Depth
QT-16Cr None None No pits No pits No pits No pits
13% Cr Pitted only Pitted only 0.023” 0.021” 0.022” Not tested
QT-900 0.006” 0.005” General corrosion General corrosion Not tested Not tested
HO-70 0.004” 0.004” General corrosion General corrosion Not tested Not tested
Figure 11: Summary of corrosion
testing
5 Standard Services, Shipping, Product Development and Quality
Standard Services
Welding Fittings
Quality Tubing welds fittings onto finished tubing upon request. Special techniques, approved by an external
laboratory for each steel type and grade, are used when welding fittings of differing steels (e.g. AISI 4130
steel) to Quality Tubing’s coiled tubing product materials. Once welded, the integrity of the weld is verified by
one or more of the following nondestructive testing techniques:
Digital radiography
Liquid penetrant inspection (ASME Section 5, Article 6)
These inspections may also be performed to Quality Tubing’s
Figure 12: Digital radiography on tube-to-tube weld
written practices or customer requirements (Figure 12).
Tube-to-Tube Welding – Downhole Work-String Materials
In cases where the customer requires that two shorter downhole work-strings be joined together and will
accept a tube-to-tube weld, Quality Tubing will perform the weld to written procedures using qualified
welders.
Tube-to-Tube Welding – QT-16Cr and Downhole Hang-off Material
As part of the standard manufacturing process, QT-16Cr and downhole hang-off material (HO-70) product
grades may also be tube-to-tube welded in accordance with accepted procedures. These welds will be
inspected by radiography, liquid penetrant inspection and possibly by ultrasonic shear wave inspection.
Nitrogen Purge and Blanket
Nitrogen is blown through the tube in order to remove oxygen, water and water vapor. When the tube is
expected to be shipped overseas, or stored indefinitely, the ends may be capped to maintain a positive
pressure differential of nitrogen gas in the ID to help control the internal atmosphere of the tubing, by
providing an inert environment.
Optional Services
Depending upon the use and final destination of Quality Tubing’s products, a wide variety of optional services
may be performed.
Wireline Installation
Electric wire line cable is pumped or pulled through the coiled tubing at customer request in order for well
logging and perforating operations to be performed. Alternatively, the wireline can be installed at an Quality
Tubing service center. QT recommends that these wirelines be removed after use for storage, inspection and
cleaning of the tube ID.
Freeze-Proofing
The coiled tubing is flushed with antifreeze if the string is to be shipped to a cold climate where “freeze
plugs” can be a concern.
Additional Rust Inhibition
The inner and outer surfaces of the tubing is coated with corrosion inhibitors. These inhibitors are the result
of our development programs.
Final Inspection
For new coiled tubular products, a final electromagnetic inspection for wall thickness conditions is performed
over 100% of the pipe body wall, including the seam weld, after hydrostatic testing.
Used Tubing Inspection
Full body electro-magnetic, visual and dimensional inspections of in-service tubing are available. The
inspection covers all wall conditions, including ovality, ballooning, necking, pitting, gouges, splits and the
location of heavily cycled areas.
Shipment of Coiled Tubing
The finished string may be shipped on a blue Quality Tubing spool bearing a Quality Tubing number, the
string number and whether or not the string has been winterized, nitrogen purged and/or back-filled with
nitrogen. Alternatively, the coiled tubing string can be transferred to a customer coiled tubing unit in our
service area (Figure 21).
Shipment of standard strings and their quality records to Quality Tubing’s service centers is performed in
order for customers to have immediate access.
Export Crating
Should the customer require shipment on a Quality Tubing spool, the spool may be shipped as is, or crated
for export. Every effort is taken to ensure that the coiled tubing material is protected from the environment.
Certification and Documentation
Standard Material Certificate and Weld Location Record
For each string shipped, a signed material certificate/weld location record is sent with the string. Another
official copy is sent to the customer’s specified office via mail, email or fax. This certificate contains Quality
Tubing and customer string identification requirements, along with the relevant mechanical and chemical
test results, weld location and specifications used in the destructive and nondestructive testing of the string.
Measured yield strength and tensile strength data are provided to the nearest 500 psi, and elongation of
coiled tubing is reported to the nearest 0.5%.
The certificate meets the requirements of BS EN 10204.
Certification Data Book
Books can be provided which include the results of all relevant measurements and tests taken during the
production of the string. This data book contains all Quality Tubing and customer strip and string
identification requirements, along with all relevant mechanical, chemical and NDE test results, strip-bias and
tube-to-tube weld locations and the location of any areas of imperfection removal.
Electronic Record
The results of Quality Tubing’s assessment of section length, specified diameter, specified wall thickness and
mechanical properties (measured yield strength, measured tensile strength, etc.) can be supplied on disc or
e-mailed to the customer. Quality Tubing personnel will enter the appropriate data into commercially
supplied programs.
Product Development
Quality Tubing employs at a minimum the following methods in the development of its products:
Incoming Strip Control
Purchase specifications with set tolerances on the chemistry and metallurgy that are appropriate to the final
product are supplied to our vendors.
Fatigue Testing
Fatigue test results from a standard fatigue machine can be provided upon request, provided there is limited
ballooning or ovality.
Fatigue tests are continually performed on both new and used products at various internal pressures on one
of Quality Tubing’s two standard fatigue test machines. Used materials that have been returned from our
customers may be cycled in order to determine the remaining fatigue life, provided they will fit the pressure
equipment.
Fatigue cycle testing of new materials helps Quality Tubing establish the suitability of our product for various
applications and provides for comparisons between grades.
Corrosion Testing
All coiled tubing developed at Quality Tubing is subject to a battery of corrosion tests which consist of the
following:
• Standard NACE tests for sulfide stress cracking (SSC) External certified laboratories are used to
verify the performance of Quality Tubing’s products in sour environments, using NACE Standard
TM- 0177, methods B and/or C. (Laboratory Testing of Metals for Resistance to Specific Forms of
Environmental Cracking in H2S Environments).
• Non-Standard Corrosion Testing Quality Tubing supports industry projects which assess the ability
of our products to withstand corrosion in non-standard solutions and in various stages of its fatigue
life.
• Field Trials Testing of new products is performed in alliance with Quality Tubing’s customers, prior
to release of that product as a standard product.
• Industry Projects As part of its leadership role in coiled tubing development, Quality Tubing
actively supports Joint Industry Projects relating to corrosion, fatigue, the mechanical effects of
surface defects in coiled tubing and the flow of various materials through the tubing. Quality
Tubing also actively supports the efforts of professional societies such as the Society of Petroleum
Engineers (SPE), the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), the International Coiled
Tubing Association (ICoTA) and the American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) and
organizations such as the American Petroleum Institute (API).
Quality System
Each year Quality Tubing formulates an updated strategic quality plan which outlines the goals and objectives
of the quality effort for that year. Such plans are designed to comprehensively address all strategic quality
issues:
New Product Development
New products are designed under a formalized plan with a design input and review phase, a prototype
product and testing at all stages during product development.
Documentation and Training
All operations are performed under documented instructions with critical functions accompanied by formal
training.
Welding Standards
Welding procedures are documented and designed after ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section IX.
System Calibration
A documented calibration system is used to maintain all inspection, measuring and testing equipment used
to measure or assess product quality.
Record Keeping
Quality records verifying attributes throughout the ordering, manufacturing, testing and shipping phases are
collected and maintained on file for a minimum of three years. Quality system documentation is controlled to
assure relevant and current information is available to all personnel affecting quality. Records are also
maintained on all incoming critical materials.
NDT
Nondestructive testing personnel are trained in radiography, visual inspection, liquid penetrant inspection,
eddy current inspection and ultrasonic inspection.
Please note that Quality Tubing’s Quality Department is fully autonomous and designed to operate
independently of all other departments.
Quality Assurance
We have incorporated programs to monitor the quality system and product quality and to promote
continuous quality improvement throughout the company.
Engineering
Projects are identified for both product and process improvements on an on-going basis. These projects focus
on new products under development, manufacturing, inspection and testing equipment capabilities and the
enhancement of existing products.
Customer Feedback
Customer input is reviewed by management to identify areas for both product and service related
improvements.
Supplier Quality
Material and service suppliers are monitored, audited and surveyed to assure incoming conformance to
specifications.
Internal Quality
Auditors from all departments within Quality Tubing monitor and assess the effectiveness of the systems and
processes and recommend areas for improvement.
Training
Formal and informal training is conducted throughout operations on an ongoing basis in safety, destructive
and nondestructive testing, production processes and other areas affecting product quality.
Management Review
Quality records, customer complaints, internal and external audits, continuous improvement projects, as well
as other quality activities, are reviewed at regular intervals by management to evaluate the adequacy and
implementation of the quality system, and to identify additional areas for further improvement.
Policy on Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (N.O.R.M.)
When coiled tubing is left in wells for extended periods of time, such as hang-off and velocity string
situations, the possibility arises that the string can become contaminated with Naturally Occurring
Radioactive Materials (N.O.R.M.). It is Quality Tubing’s policy not to accept onto our premises, nor to work on
strings that give a N.O.R.M reading of greater than 10 micro-Roentgens per hour.
Prior to returning strings to a Quality Tubing facility or service center, the owner must survey the string using
an approved N.O.R.M. detection device and submit the results to Quality Tubing. If the readings are found to
be acceptable, the string can be shipped to Quality Tubing.
Upon the string’s arrival at a Quality Tubing location, the string will again be checked for the presence of
N.O.R.M. and will be returned to the owner if the above limit is exceeded.
Additional guidance on N.O.R.M. can be found in API Bulletin E2 [Bulletin on Management of Naturally
Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in Oil and Gas Production], which is available from API at 1220 L St
NW, Washington, DC 20005.
6 General Engineering Information
This section contains the following:
• Definitions of commonly used coiled tubing engineering information, with standard symbols
• Examples calculated in US units
• Conversions to SI (metric) units
• Coiled tubing (carbon steel) material properties
• Coiled tubing (stainless steel, QT-16Cr) material properties
• Coiled tubing, drill pipe and casing stretch data
• Determination of free point constant
Definitions and Equations (US Customary Units)

Specified Outside Diameter (D)
The outer diameter as specified in this publication. This quantity is reported to 0.001”. The tolerance on the
specified outer diameter is ±0.010” for new coiled tubing before spooling.
Measured Outside Diameter (Dmeas)
The outer diameter as measured with a caliper. This quantity is reported to 0.001”. It is measured and
recorded for the tensile test samples, during any NDE prove-up and before and after any imperfection
removal.
Specified Wall Thickness (t)
The wall thickness as specified in this publication. In the case of TRUE-TAPER sections, the specified wall
thickness at a location in the tapered section may be taken as the average of four (4) equally-spaced wall
thickness readings (t1, t2, t3, t4) taken with a suitably calibrated compression wave ultrasonic gauge at the
same axial location, but not including any reading taken on the flash line.
t1 +t2 +t3 +t4
4
Equation 5: Specified wall thickness
These quantities are reported to 0.001”.

Measured Wall Thickness (tmeas)
The wall thickness at a specific location, as measured by micrometer or suitably calibrated compression wave
ultrasonic gauge. This quantity is reported to 0.001”. It is measured and recorded for tensile test samples and
during any NDE prove-up, especially after flaw removal.
Calculated Inside Diameter (d)
The calculated inside diameter is the value calculated from the equation:
d = D − (2 × t)
Equation 6: Inside diameter
Measured Inside Diameter (dmeas)

The inside diameter as measured with a caliper, but not including the internal flash.
The measured inside diameter (dmeas) may be different from the calculated value, because of inside flash,
slight ovality and neither the measured outer diameter (Dmeas) nor the measured wall thickness (tmeas) being
identical with the specified values.
Minimum Wall Thickness for Work-Strings (tmin)
The minimum permitted wall thickness during the manufacture of a new coiled tubing string is t – 0.005” (t –
0.13 mm) at all locations including welds. This arises because of engineering tolerances. The measured wall
thickness of in-service strings may be less than tmin due to wear, abrasion, corrosion, etc.
Quality Tubing will consider removing an imperfection up to, but not exceeding a remaining wall of 87.5%. If
such an imperfection is removed a non-conformance report is generated.
Minimum Wall Thickness for Hang-Off Strings (tmin)
The minimum wall thickness of downhole hang off strings, which generally occurs at flaw removal areas, is
87.5%t, unless otherwise specified by the customer during contract review.
Pipe Metal Cross-Sectional Area (Aw)
The pipe metal cross-sectional area (Aw) for new tubing is calculated from the equation:
Aw = π × (D − t) × t in2
Equation 7: Tube cross-sectional area
This formula does not include the effect of internal flash, when present.
Plain End Mass per Unit Length (mpe)
The mass per unit length is calculated from the equation:
mpe = 10.69 × (D − t) × t in lb/ft
Equation 8: Plain end mass per unit length
This formula does not cover the presence of internal flash. Earlier catalogues used 10.68 instead of 10.69.
Tables published by others (e.g. API) may give the result to 2 decimal places.
Pipe Body Yield Load and Tensile Load (Ly)
The Pipe Body Yield Load is the axial tension load (in the absence of pressures or torque) which produces a
stress in the tube equal to the specified minimum yield strength (SMYS) in tension:
Ly = π × (D − t) × t × SMYS lbs
Equation 9: Pipe body yield load and tensile load
Where:
• SMYS = Specified minimum yield strength (psi)
• D = Specified outside diameter (in)
• t = Specified wall thickness (in)
The pipe body tensile load (LT) is calculated by substituting the specified minimum tensile strength for the
SMYS. Both are rounded to the nearest 10 lb.
Internal Yield Pressure (Coiled Tubing) (Pr)
Internal yield pressure is the internal pressure required to plastically deform the tubing. This calculation is
based on the method detailed in API Bul. 5C3:
tmin
Pr = 2 × SMYS × D
Equation 10: Internal yield pressure
Where:
• SMYS = Specified minimum yield strength (psi)
• Tmin = Specified minimum wall thickness (in)
Hydrostatic Test Pressure (PT)

The hydrostatic test pressure for coiled tubing is defined as the maximum internal fluid pressure
recommended to test the tube seam weld integrity, based on 80% of the internal yield pressure:
PT = 0.8 × Pr
Equation 11: Quality Tubing hydrostatic test pressure
Where:
• Pr = Internal yield pressure (psi)
Thus the hydrostatic test pressure is also based upon tmin. Except by special agreement, Quality Tubing will
not exceed an internal hydrostatic test pressure of 15,000 psi (103 MPa).
Note: Unless otherwise agreed, Quality Tubing will hydrostatic test each string to the pressure given for a
minimum of 15 minutes at 80% pressure and 5 minutes at 100% pressure. Longer periods and different
pressures must be mutually agreed upon during contract review.
Collapse Pressure
The collapse pressure (in the absence of axial stress) for as-manufactured coiled tubing is calculated using the
appropriate formula from the API Bulletin on Formulas and Calculations for Casing, Tubing, Drill Pipe and Line
Pipe Properties (API Bul. 5C3) for:
• Yield strength collapse
• Plastic collapse
• Transition collapse
• Elastic collapse pressure
These values are then adjusted for the effect of ovality. In section 6 of this manual (Collapse Pressure),
collapse pressures for axial and torque loading and for coiled tubing with ovality are also calculated.
Values calculated from the formulas in API 5C3 are conservative for new tubing, since they represent a 95%
confidence level that the material will collapse at a higher pressure.
Torsional Yield Strength (Tf)
Torsional yield strength is defined as the torque (in the absence of axial stress or pressure) that will plastically
deform the tubing Torsional yield strength is calculated from:
SMYS×D4 −d4
Tf = 105.86×D
Equation 12: Torsional yield strength
Where:
• d = calculated inside diameter
Calculated values are rounded to the nearest 10 ft-lb.

Flow Area
The flow area is calculated from the equation:
D 2
AID = π × ( 2 )
Equation 13: Flow area
“d” is the calculated inside diameter. This does not account for the possible presence of internal flash.
Internal Capacity (Vi)
Internal capacity in Gal/1,000 ft. is defined as the unit volume within the tube.
Vi = 40.8 × D2
Equation 14: Internal capacity
External Displacement (VD)

External displacement in Gal/1000 ft. is defined as the volume of fluid that is displaced by the area of a tube
body.
VD = 40.8 × D2
Equation 15: External displacement
Calculation Examples
The following calculation examples are based on 1.25” OD x 0.125” wall QT-800.
Given data:
• SMYS = Specified minimum yield strength = 80,000 psi
• D = Specified Outer Diameter = 1.25”
• t = Specified Wall Thickness =0.125”
• tmin = t – 0.005” = 0.120”
Inside Diameter (d) (Equation 6)

d = D − (2 × t)
d = 1.250 − (2 × 0.125)
d = 1.000 in
Pipe Metal Cross-Section (Aw) (Equation 7)
Aw = π × (D − t) × t
Aw = π × (1.250 − 0.125) × 0.125
Aw = 0.442 in2
Plain End Mass (mpe) (Equation 8)
mpe = 10.69 × (D − t) × t
mpe = 10.69 × (1.250 − 0.125) × 1.250
mpe = 1.503 lb/ft
Pipe Body Yield Load (Ly) (Equation 9)
Ly = π × (D − t) × t × SMYS
Ly = π × (1.250 − 0.125) × 0.125 × 80,000
Ly = 35,340 lb
Pipe Body Tensile Load (LT) (Equation 9Equation 10)
Ly = π × (D − t) × t × SMYS
Ly = π × (1.250 − 0.125) × 0.125 × 90,000
Ly = 39,760 lb
Internal Yield Pressure (Pr) (Equation 10Equation 10)
tmin
Pr = 2 × SMYS × D
0.120
Pr = 2 × 80,000 × 1.250
Pr = 15,360 psi
Test Pressure (PT) (Equation 11)
PT = 0.8 × Pr
PT = 0.8 × 15,360
PT = 12,300 psi
Torsional Yield Strength (Tf) (Equation 12)
SMYS×D4 −d4
Tf = 105.86×D
80,000×1.2504 −1.0004
Tf = 105.86×1.250
Tf = 870 lb/ft
Flow Area (AID) (Equation 13)
D 2
AID = π × ( )
2
1.000 2
AID = π × ( )
2
AID = 0.785 in2
Note: This area does not account for the presence of internal flash.
Conversion of US Customary Units to SI (Metric) Units
The following conversions are given in accordance with Guidelines given in API Specification for Casing and
Tubing, (API 5CT) sixth Ed. 2000.
Outside Diameter (DM)
DM = 25.4 × D
Equation 16: Outside diameter (metric)
Where:
• DM = SI outside diameter rounded to the nearest 0.1 mm
Outside Diameter (tM)

t M = 25.4 × t
Equation 17: Wall thickness (metric)
Where:
• tM = SI wall thickness rounded to the nearest 0.1 mm
Inside Diameter (dM)

dM = 25.4 × d
Equation 18: Inside diameter (metric)
Where:
• dM = SI inside diameter rounded to the nearest 0.1 mm
Plain End Mass (mpe(M))
mpe(M) = 0.0246615 × (DM − t M ) × t M
Equation 19: Plain end mass (metric)
Where:
• mpe(M) = SI plain end mass/meter rounded to the nearest 0.001 kg/m
• DM = SI outside diameter (mm)
• tM = SI wall thickness (mm)
Specified Minimum Yield Strength (SMYSM)

SMYSM = 0.00689476 × SMYS
Equation 20: Specified minimum yield strength (metric)
Where:
• SMYSM = Specified minimum yield strength rounded to the nearest N/mm2
Torsional Strength
1 lb/ft = 1.135582 N/m
Equation 21: Torsional strength (metric)
Pipe Body Yield Load (LyM)

Ly
LyM = 2.20462
Equation 22: Pipe body yield load (metric)
Where:
• LyM = Pipe body yield load rounded to the nearest 10 kg
Internal Yield Pressure (PrM)

PrM = 0.00689476 × Pr
Equation 23: Internal yield pressure (metric)
Where:
• PrM = SI internal yield pressure rounded to nearest 0.1 MPa
Test Pressure (PTM)

PTM = 0.00689476 × PT
Equation 24: Quality Tubing hydrostatic test pressure (metric)
Where:
• PTM = SI test pressure rounded to nearest 0.1 MPa
Collapse Pressure (PcM)

PcM = 0.00689476 × Pc
Equation 25: Collapse pressure (metric)
Where:
• PcM = SI collapse pressure rounded to nearest 0.1 MPa
Coiled Tubing Material Properties (Carbon Steel)
Carbon Steel 16Cr
US Customary Units SI Units (Metric) US Customary Units SI Units (Metric)
Young’s Modulus 27 – 30 × 106 psi 19 – 21 × 103 kg/mm2 28 × 106 psi 19.7 × 103 kg/mm2
Shear Modulus 11.7 × 106 psi 8.23 × 103 kg/mm2 11 × 106 psi 7.74 × 103 kg/mm2
Poisson’s Ratio 0.30 (theoretical) 0.30 (theoretical) 0.29 (theoretical) 0.29 (theoretical)
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 6.51 × 10-6 °F 11.7 × 10-6 °C 9.35 × 10-6 °F 16.8 × 10-6 °C
3 3 3
Steel Density 0.283 lb/in 7.86 g/cm 0.283 lb/in 7.86 g/cm3
Ultrasonic Compression Wave Velocity 0.232 in/μ-sec 5.89 km/sec 0.226 in/μ-sec 5.75 km/sec
Ultrasonic Shear Wave Velocity 0.128 in/μ-sec 3.23 km/sec 0.122 in/μ-sec 3.10 km/sec
Average Surface Roughness* (for new tubing) 100 μin 2.6 μm 20 μin .55 μm
*This is a measured value on new carbon-steel tubing. The roughness of the inside surface will change with service, especially with rust and scale
present and flow calculations should also account for the internal flash. The smoothness of this material should increase flow rates and reduce
pumping pressures.
Coiled Tubing, Drill Pipe and Casing Strength Data

When a pulling force is applied to oil well tubular goods, they stretch by a predictable amount. Tubular goods
are said to have elastic behavior when pulling forces acting on it are less than the material’s yield strength.
Robert Hooke (1635-1702) observed that the amount of distortion, or strain, was proportional to the stress
or force applied, as long as the elastic limit is not exceeded.
The factors affecting the amount a tubular material will stretch are:
• Length (in the direction of pull)
• Amount of the axial pulling force or stress
• Cross-sectional area of the material
• Material’s elasticity constant (the Young’s Modulus or Modulus of Elasticity)
General Stretch Formula

(F×L×12)
S= (A×E)
Equation 26: Stretch formula
Where:
• S = Stretch, in
• F = Pull force, lbf
• L = Length, ft
• E = Modulus of Elasticity, psi (For steel, E ~30,000,000 psi)
• A = Pipe metal wall cross-sectional area, in2
Note: A common misconception is that the amount of stretch for an oil field tubular material is affected by the
grade of steel (e.g., J-55, L-80, etc.).
This is not true, because the modulus of elasticity remains the same. Higher grades of steel have greater yield
strengths, hence greater elastic limits. This means higher strength tubular goods can be pulled to higher
loads, therefore stretch farther before reaching their elastic limits than lower grades.
Example (Equation 26)
How much stretch will a 15,000 ft of 1.500” OD x 0.095” wall coiled tubing with 20,000 lb pull experience?
(20,000×15,000×12)
S= (.419×30,000,000)
S = 286 in = 23 ft 10 in
Determination of the Free Point
The free point constant makes it possible to determine the length of tube being stretched very easily. This is
commonly referred to as determining the free point in a string of stuck or anchored tube, when the amount
of pull force and amount of stretch is known. Read the correct Free Point Constant from the table (Coiled
Tubing Dimensions, Areas & Volumes, US Units, Section 3) for the tubing involved and use in the following
formula:
(∆L×FPC)
L= F
Equation 27: Free point calculation
Where:
• L = Minimum length of free tube, or length being stretched, ft. *
• ΔL = Stretch, in.
• F = Pull force, kips (1000 lbf.)
• FPC = Free point constant
*Because of friction forces, which cannot be determined readily, the actual length of free tube may be longer
than calculated. The formula necessarily assumes complete absence of friction.
Example (Equation 27):
Determine the minimum length of free tube being stretched when a string of 1.50” OD x 0.095” wall coiled
tubing stretches 36” with an applied pull of 8,000 lbf.
(36×1,050)
L= 8
L = 4,720 ft
Procedure for Determining the Free Point for Stuck or Anchored Tubing
There is a specific procedure for measuring the pull force and amount of stretch in the tubing for obtaining an
accurate determination of the free point. The following procedure is used to ensure weight of any slack in the
tubing is not added to the pulling force:
1. Either pick-up or snub the tubing so the injector load-indicator reads zero (the injector is neither pulling nor
pushing the tubing through the striper).
2. Pick up the amount of the weight of the free tubing and there is no slack in the string.
NOTE: The weight of the free length of the string could be estimated. If the weight cannot be estimated, a good
first assumption is half the weight of the total string length.
3. Mark the tubing (using marker pen or chalk) at the top of the preventer or other convenient non-moving
reference point below the injector.
4. Pull on the tubing.
NOTE: the combined pick-up load and pulling force should not exceed the rated yield load for the tubing (refer to
the Tubing Data Table for the grade of tubing being used).
5. Mark the tubing at the top of the preventer or reference point again. The distance between the first mark (made
after the initial pick-up load) and the final pull is the ΔL used in the free point calculation.
6. Use the difference between the pickup load and the final load indicator reading for the pulling force in the free
point calculation.
Calculating the Free Point Constant
For any tubing size not included in the General Tubing Data Table, the Free Point Constant can be calculated
as follows:
FPC = 2,500 × 𝐴𝑤
Equation 28: Free point constant
Example (Equation 28):

Determine the free point constant for 3.5” OD x 0.203” wall tubing:
Determine the cross-sectional are of the tubing wall: Aw = π × (3.50 − 0.203) × 0.203 = 2.1026 in2
FPC = 2,500 × 2.1026 = 5,260 ft
7 Collapse Pressure
Disclaimer
The following section of this document is based upon theoretical studies and experimental data and is only
presented by Quality Tubing as a possible benefit to the customer. Quality Tubing is not responsible for incidents
that may occur when the following information is used. The collapse pressure should be determined on a job-by-job
basis. For more data, software programs, such as Cerberus™ can be used.
Collapse Pressure for New Coiled Tubing
The collapse pressure (Pc) for new, as-manufactured, “perfectly round” coiled tubing, in the absence of axial
stress, is calculated using the appropriate formula which is given in API Bulletin 5C3. A new version of this is
under consideration at API and ISO. These formulas have been developed for tubular collapse in the yield
strength, plastic or transition collapse regimes.
The Effect of Ovality on New Coiled Tubing
For all coiled tubing that is in service, the condition of the tube cannot always be considered to be “perfectly
round”. Coiled tubing should always be considered to be somewhat oval. For QT-1000 and above, the
minimum ovality should be considered to be 1%, and for all lower grades, it should be 2%
NOTE: This is a minimum value that is caused from the spooling process, actual ovality could be greater.
The ovality of the coiled tubing can drastically reduce the collapse pressure of the tubing. The ovality of the
tubing for the purpose of these calculations can be determined by the following equation:
(Dmax −Dmin )
θ = 100 ×
D
Equation 29: Tube ovality
Where:
• Θ = Ovality of a single cross-sectional area of tubing
• Dmax = The maximum measured diameter of the cross-sectional area of tubing
• Dmin = The minimum measured diameter of the cross-sectional area of tubing
• D = The specified diameter of the tubing
To find the collapse pressure of coiled tubing that is not “perfectly round”, the following equations that were
developed by Timonshenko should be considered:
𝑃𝑐𝑜 = 𝑔 − √𝑔2 − 𝑓
Equation 30: Timonshenko equation 1 for collapse pressure
SMYS P Dmax − Dmin D
g = (D⁄ + c × (2 + 3 × × )
tmin )−1 4 D tmin
Equation 31: Timonshenko equation 2 for collapse

2×SMYS×Pc
f= (D⁄tmin )−1
Equation 32: Timonshenko equation 3 for collapse
Where:
• Pc = The collapse pressure for “perfectly round” tubing at zero load
• Pco = The collapse pressure for the oval tubing at zero load
• SMYS = Specified minimum yield strength of tubing
• tmin = minimum wall thickness of tubing
These equations will give a theoretical collapse pressure for tubing with no load. There are multiple variables
that are not considered in these equations that may affect the actual collapse pressure of the tubing. This
should be considered when using the calculated values in an actual scenario.
The Effect of Load and Torque
When a tensile load or a torque acts on coil tubing, the collapse pressure will decrease. Because of this
decrease, a safety factor should be calculated by the customer to help assist in examining the risk of tubing
collapse. The safety factor (greater than or equal to 1) should be based on the utilization of the coiled tubing
(from zero to 100%). The utilization of the tubing is based on the age and usage of the string and should be
determined by the customer based on field experience, derating programs for theoretical fatigue life
consumed and/or other methods. Quality Tubing cannot provide the utilization number, but will assist with
calculations upon request.
To calculate the theoretical collapse pressure with a load or torque on the tubing and a safety factor
incorporated, the following equations can be used:
4⁄3
1 4⁄3 P 4⁄3 L
( ) =( ) =( )
S.F. Pco Ly
Equation 33: Safety factor applied to collapse pressure and load

4⁄3
1 4⁄3 P 4⁄3 T
( ) =( ) =( )
S.F. Pco Ty
Equation 34: Safety factor applied to collapse pressure and torque
Where:
• S.F. = Safety factor chosen by the customer
• P = External operating pressure
• L = Operating tensile load
• Ly = Pipe body yield load
• T = Operating torque
• Ty = Torsional yield strength
As shown in Equation 33 and Equation 34, the load factor and torque factor are equal.
4⁄3 4⁄3
L T
(L ) = (T )
y y
Torque will be disregarded for the remainder of this section because of the relationship between the torque
factor and the load factor.
NOTE: Whenever the load factor of a string is shown, it can be replaced by its torque factor.
The above equations can be rearranged to calculate different variables. Using minimal allowable safety
factors (which are determined by the user), these equations can be solved for allowable external pressure,
allowable tensile load, required collapse capacity or required load capacity.
Calculate the Allowable External Pressure
In calculating the allowable external collapse pressure for a string of tubing, we will use the collapse pressure
correction factor K. This factor is a substitution that will simplify Equation 33 and Equation 34 when the user
is determining the allowable external pressure.
The substitution equation is:
P = K × Pco
Equation 35: Collapse correction factor applied to collapse pressure
P
K=
Pco
Equation 36: Collapse correction factor
4⁄3 4⁄3
1 L
Therefore, (S.F.) = (𝐾)4⁄3 + (L )
y
Equation 37: Collapse correction factor used with safety factor and load factor
This equation can then be rearranged to solve for K as follows:

4⁄3 3⁄4
1 4⁄3 L
K= [( ) −( ) ]
S.F. Ly
Equation 38: Collapse correction factor defined
The correction factor K takes into account the safety factor and the load factor which is shown in Equation
38. The safety factor must be selected by the customer, and the load factor is set by the tubing dimensions
and the actual load on the tube (depth in hole, attached tools, etc.). These values are set by circumstances of
the situation, so selecting the correction factor K can be done using the following:
Coiled Tubing Utilization (U)
L <20% 20-30% 30-40% 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% 80-
Ly Safety Factor 100%
1.25 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 2.00

0.00 0.80 0.77 0.71 0.67 0.63 0.59 0.56 0.50
0.05 0.79 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.61 0.57 0.54 0.48
0.10 0.76 0.73 0.67 0.63 0.58 0.55 0.51 0.46
0.15 0.73 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.52 0.48 0.42
0.20 0.70 0.67 0.61 0.56 0.52 0.48 0.45 0.38
0.25 0.67 0.64 0.58 0.53 0.48 0.44 0.40 0.34
0.30 0.63 0.60 0.54 0.49 0.44 0.40 0.36 0.29
0.35 0.59 0.56 0.50 0.44 0.39 0.35 0.31 0.24
0.40 0.55 0.51 0.45 0.39 0.34 0.30 0.26 0.18
0.45 0.50 0.46 0.40 0.34 0.29 0.24 0.19 0.11
0.50 0.45 0.41 0.34 0.28 0.23 0.17 0.12 0.00
0.55 0.40 0.36 0.29 0.12 0.0.16 0.09 0.02
0.60 0.34 0.30 0.22 0.15 0.07
0.65 0.28 0.23 0.14 0.05
0.70 0.21 0.16 0.05
0.75 0.12 0.06
Figure 13: Collapse correction factors
To use this table, select the desired safety factor or utilization range (i.e. U = 35% is the same column as S.F.
=1.40), and then select the correct load factor, L/Ly, that represents the downhole load (the operating tensile
load) versus the pipe body yield load (based on the dimensions of the string) that is acting on the string. After
the two factors are found, trace them to the point that the respective row and column intersect on the table.
This will be the corresponding correction factor that should be used when finding the allowable external
operating pressure, P. Since the collapse pressure, Pco, is set by the tubing dimensions, multiplying it by K will
give a new pressure that accounts for the safety factor and the downhole load acting on the string. With this
new value of P, the user can adjust the internal pressure of the string to compensate for the external
pressure so the string will not be at risk of collapsing.
Some Variables that May Affect Collapse
1. Active Load at Surface
a. Tubing and associated downhole tools
b. Buoyancy effect
c. Pump friction force
d. Friction force between the tubing and the well wall
e. Accuracy of weight indicator
f. Deviation of well
g. Axial load added from tubing being stuck downhole
2. Pressure
a. Internal tube pressure
b. External tube pressure
3. Tubing specifications
a. Grade of tubing
b. Wall thickness
c. Ovality of tubing
4. Tubing utilization
a. Safety factor
b. Tubing fatigue life
Calculation Examples
Tubing Specifications
• SMYS = 90,000 psi
• Outside diameter = 2.00”
• Wall thickness = 0.203”
User Measured Specifications

• Maximum outside diameter = 2.030”
• Minimum outside diameter = 1.970”
• Safety factor = 1.30
• Operating tensile load = 36,000 lbf
Step 1
Determine the collapse pressure for “perfectly round” tubing, Pc, for the given dimensions and no load as
found in API 5C3. To do this, select the appropriate equation; for this example, the yield strength collapse
pressure formula will be used. The yield strength collapse pressure for the given tube specifications is 16,416
psi.
Step 2
Determine the ovality of the tubing (Equation 29). If the ovality cannot be determined, a default value such as
2% can be used:
(Dmax −Dmin )
θ = 100 × D
(2.03−1.97)
θ = 100 × 2
= 3.0%
Step 3
Find the collapse pressure, Pco, for tubing that is oval, but has no load acting upon it by using Equation 30,
Equation 31 and Equation 32.
First, the minimum wall thickness must be calculated using Quality Tubing’s specifications as follows:
𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑡 − 0.005
𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = .203 − 0.005 = 0.198 in
Next calculate g (Equation 31):
SMYS P Dmax − Dmin D
g = (D⁄t + 4c × (2 + 3 × ×t )
min )−1 D min
90,000 16,416 2.030−1.970 2.000

g = (2.000⁄ + × (2 + 3 × × )
0.128)−1 4 2.000 0.198
g = 21,827
Then calculate f (Equation 32):
2×SMYS×Pc
f= (D⁄tmin )−1
2×90,000×16,416
f= (2.000⁄0.198)−1
f = 324,676,049
Finally, calculate Pco (Equation 30):
𝑃𝑐𝑜 = 𝑔 − √𝑔2 − 𝑓
𝑃𝑐𝑜 = 21,827 − √21,8272 − 324,676,049

𝑃𝑐𝑜 = 9,510 psi
Rounding this number to the nearest 10 gives Pco = 9,510 psi. This will be the new collapse pressure for the
tubing which includes a percentage of ovality.
Step 4
Incorporate the user determined safety factor and operating tensile load that are relevant to the string. The
operating tensile load should include axial loads acting upon the string caused by the weight of the downhole
portion of the string, the weight of any tools attached to the string, etc.
First, calculate the pipe body yield load (Equation 9):
Ly = π × (D − t) × t × SMYS
Ly = π × (2.000 − 0.203) × 0.203 × 90,000
Ly = 103,142
Ly is then used to divide the operating tensile load to determine the load factor as follows:
L 36,000
Ly
= 103,142 = 0.349
8 Friction Pressure Drop
The principle purpose of coiled tubing is to convey fluids downhole against the wellbore pressure. While its own
weight helps push the fluid against the well pressure, pump pressure must be added to move the fluid through the
tubing on the reel. Friction of the fluid against the tubing’s inner surface creates additional resistance pumping must
overcome in addition to the desired discharge pressure at the end of the tubing string downhole. This additional
resistance is called the friction pressure drop.
This pressure drop increases non-linearly in the pump rate. The amount of pressure drop is based upon certain fluid
and tubing characteristics: the fluid’s density and viscosity, the fluid’s flowing rate and the roughness of the tubing
wall.
Fluid flow is categorized as either laminar (smooth flowing) or turbulent (rough flowing). As reason indicates,
laminar flow takes less energy to move the fluid. The amount of energy to move a fluid is directly related to the
pumping rate. Whether a fluid is flowing in a laminar or turbulent pattern can be predicted by determining its
Reynolds Number, a dimensionless number.
Disclaimer
The following section of this document is based on theoretical studies and experimental data and is only presented
by Quality Tubing as a possible benefit to the customer. Quality Tubing is not responsible for incidents that may
occur when the following information is used. The friction pressure drop should be determined on a job-by-job
basis. For more data, software programs, such as Cerberus™ can be used.
Hydrostatic Head
Hydrostatic head is the weight of the fluid in the vertical length of the tubing in the well bore. This “head”
helps push the fluid ahead of itself against the friction pressure drop. In effect, the head reduces the friction
pressure drop, or combines with the pumping pressure.
∆H1000 = 6.944 × ρ
Equation 39: Hydrostatic head
Where:
• ΔH1000 = pressure differential assisting the pumping pressure, in psi per 1,000 feet.
• ρ = fluid density in lb/ft3
Reynolds Number
2,125.7×Q×ρ
Re = d×v
Equation 40: Reynolds number
Where:
• Re = the Reynolds number
• Q = the flow rate in barrels per minute (bpm)
• ρ = the density of the flowing fluid in lb/ft3
• d = the inner diameter of the tubing in inches (in.)
• v = the viscosity of the fluid in centipoise (cp)
NOTE: For density and viscosity values of commonly pumped fluids, refer to the table at the end of this
section.
For Reynolds numbers less than 4,000, fluid flow is generally said to be laminar. Reynolds number greater
than 4,000, for practical purposes, fluid flow is considered turbulent (a transition region that falls within a
narrow band of Reynolds numbers is often ignored).
Friction Factor
The amount of friction a fluid develops is dynamic depending on its flow rate for a given size tubing.
For laminar flow conditions:
3.16
f=
Re1⁄4
Equation 41: Friction factor for laminar flow
For turbulent flow conditions:

1⁄12
8 12 1
𝑓 = 8 × [( ) + ((𝐴+𝐵)3⁄2 )]
𝑅𝑒
Equation 42: Friction factor for turbulent flow
Where:
16
1
• 𝐴 = [2.457 × 𝑙𝑛 ( 0.9 )]
(7⁄𝑅𝑒) +0.27𝜀⁄𝐷
37,530 16
• 𝐵=( )
𝑅𝑒
Determining Pressure Drop

The amount of pressure drop per 1,000 feet is:
Q2
∆P1000 = 380.9 × ρ × f × D5 psi
Equation 43: Pressure drop equation
Example:
Determine the pressure drop for fresh water at 1.0 bpm in 1.25” OD x 0.125” wall thickness tubing:
Step 1: Determine the Reynolds Number
Using the Fluid Properties Chart and Equation 40:
2,125.7×Q×ρ
Re =
d×v
2,125.7×1.0×62.31
Re = 1.000×.9784
Re = 135,376
With this Reynolds number, the fluid flow is turbulent.
Step 2: Determine the friction factor
As fluid flow is turbulent (Re > 4000), use Equation 42 in order to determine f.
First the factors A and B must be determined. Using an effective surface roughness of 0.0018”:
16
1
𝐴 = [2.457 × 𝑙𝑛 ( 0.9 )]
(7⁄𝑅𝑒) +0.27𝜀⁄𝐷
16
1
𝐴 = [2.457 × 𝑙𝑛 ( 0.9 )]
(7⁄135,376) +0.27(.0018⁄1)
𝐴 = 1.360 × 1020
and
37,530 16
B=( Re
)
B = 1.217 × 10−9
and
1⁄12
8 12 1
𝑓 = 8 × [(𝑅𝑒) + ((𝐴+𝐵)3⁄2 )]
1⁄12
8 12 1
𝑓 = 8 × [( ) +( 3⁄2 )]
135,376 ((1.360×1020 )+(1.217×10−9 ))
𝑓 = 0.02434
Step 3: Calculate the pressure drop:
Q2
∆P1000 = 380.9 × ρ × f × D5
12
∆P1000 = 380.9 × 62.31 × 0.02434 × 15
∆P1000 = 578 psi

To determine the total pressure drop for the length of the string, multiply ΔP1000 by the total string length in
thousands of feet.
Example
For fresh water pumped in the string from the above example that is 12,000 feet in length with 8,000 feet
downhole:
∆P = 12 × 578 = 6,936 psi
The hydrostatic head is:
∆H = 6.944 × 62.31 = 433 (psi per 1,000 feet)
The total hydrostatic head is:
∆H = 433 × 8 = 3,461 psi
Therefore, the total pressure drop at 1.0 pbm is:
6,936 − 3,461 = 3,472 psi
Fluid Properties of Common Oilfield Fluids
Fluid Density (ρ), lbs/ft3 Viscosity (v), centipoise
Fresh Water 62.31 0.9784
10 ppg Brine 74.81 2.30
15% HCl 66.97 1.95
Diesel 51.72 1.62
Figure 14: Fluid properties chart
9 Welding Technology
Introduction
Coiled tubing is a unique product because it is designed to retain pressure during and after undergoing low-
cycle fatigue cycling. It often becomes necessary to place tube-to-tube welds into sections of coiled tubing
which also must be capable of withstanding low-cycle fatigue cycling while providing continued pressure
containment.
In order to assure that the weld will provide the desired result in the field, a systematic approach to making
good welds repeatedly must be adhered to. This systematic approach must consider each individual phase of
the system.
1. Qualified welding procedure
2. Qualified welder
3. Tubing condition at time of welding and weld preparation
4. Welding environmental conditions
5. Welding techniques
6. Weld finishing and inspection
This section will review the considerations for each individual phase of a well-planned coiled tubing welding
system. Because every location and situation is different, not all comments included here will necessarily be
applicable all the time or at every location.
Qualified Welding Procedure
Welding procedures are a written document containing welding procedure specifications (WPS) that provide
the work instructions to the welder on how to make a weld. To assure the procedure is capable of making a
sound weld, it is tested to verify that welds made will adhere to specific mechanical property and inspection
quality requirements. A separate WPS is required for each distinct grade of coiled tubing and they may be
limited in application by code requirements. Procedures are unique to the specific company or location
performing the welding. The practices used and consumables employed are dependent on many factors, so
“one size fits all” welding procedures are impractical, if not impossible. Therefore, it is difficult to determine if
a procedure is correct just by reading it. Typical procedures reported in the literature or WPS for a specific
grade from various material suppliers may provide guides when preparing procedures. Each company must
develop and document its own procedure prior to welding.
The decisions leading to selection of welding variables which have produced acceptable results for a WPS are
reviewed in the welding technology section of this document.
New or revised welding procedures are tested, both mechanically and nondestructively, to prove they will
result in a sound weld. The results of these tests are recorded on a document supporting the procedure,
called the Procedure Qualification Record (PQR). Coiled tubing undergoes physical deformation in the plastic
regime while retaining pressure during normal operations. Most industry design and welding specifications or
standards do not encounter this level of deformation in welded joints. Consequently, the level of qualification
and inspection of each weld made in coiled tubing must be, of necessity, in excess of most accepted national
standards organizations, such as ASME requirements and acceptance criteria. Liquid penetrant and
radiography are imposed on the as-welded joint to identify any potential problems before mechanical testing
is started. Nondestructive acceptance criteria are established at the limit of detection for the method being
employed due to the limited critical flaw size for plastically deforming coiled tubing. To assure the procedure
does not create detrimental phases to achieve the strength requirement, the weld is sectioned,
metallographically inspected, and the hardness in the weld’s heat affected zone and base metal are verified.
Qualified Welder
Welders must demonstrate competency by passing a performance qualification test before they can perform
production welds. This test verifies they are capable of following the written WPS and producing the same
results obtained while testing the WPS. Before taking the qualification test, welders are trained in the specific
skills required to weld coiled tubing. Experience has shown many welders qualified in other welding
disciplines, including pipe fitters, may not make good coiled tubing welders. A welder qualification record
defined by a specification like ASME Section IX is used to document the welding and testing. Welders
qualifying to weld coiled tubing are tested more stringently than code requirements. Both nondestructive
examination and mechanical testing are employed. The weld, heat affected zone and hardness of the base
metal are verified.
Once qualified, a welder must maintain proficiency. Because of the unique skills and techniques required to
weld coiled tubing, continuous practice of these specialized skills is generally necessary to assure acceptable
performance. Most coiled tubing welders maintain proficiency by regularly making welds on coiled tubing
and logging their activity. Welders making welds routinely inspected by radiography need not re-qualify on
periodic timetables. All these welds are nondestructively tested to requirements in excess of code
qualification requirements. This combined with monitoring field performance can assure welder proficiency is
maintained.
Tubing Condition at Time of Welding and Weld Preparation
Coiled tubing is new on the day it is made. From this point on it undergoes physical, dimensional and
mechanical property changes each time it is spooled. Coiled tubing strings undergo strain softening due to
repeated application of stress in the plastic region during coiling operations. Used tubing exhibits strength
properties lower than those of new tubing. Studies have shown that welding procedures developed for new
tubing can also supply adequate mechanical properties on used tubing.
Welds in used tubing lead to additional challenges. Tubing can become deformed, typically oval in cross-
section, as a result of spooling and spooling with internal pressure. This presents alignment problems during
fit up. If mismatch is allowed it could generate potential stress-risers while in service. Used tubing can contain
residues of produced well fluids, injected fluids, inclusive of acids or water trapped in surface oxides or pits.
Tubing which contained wireline or other galvanized coated material may be zinc coated. Any of these could
contaminate the weld if not properly removed before welding. Used tubing can be magnetized, requiring
demagnetizing or magnetic countermeasures to be employed to prevent magnetic arc deflection during
welding. Trained and proficient welders recognize these potential problems and take preventive action to
preclude their becoming a cause for a weld imperfection.
Preparation for welding is vital to good finished welds and coiled tubing performance. The tubing must be
aligned so the weld will pass through injectors and over guide arches without imparting unnecessary stress to
the tubing. The internal and external surfaces must be clean to prevent contamination of the weld. The
tubing seam weld internal flash must be removed to prevent entrapment. Both the internal cleaning and
flash removal must be done without leaving circumferential grinding marks that could result in stress risers.
External chill blocks must be applied to the tube before welding to remove heat from the base metal. If the
excess heat is not removed properly the heat-affected zone could experience excessive grain growth and loss
of mechanical properties.
Welding Environmental Conditions
Welds can be made at the factory or at service centers in nearly ideal environments. Welds made at service
company’s district yards, at field camps, outside operations and on site operations, can present far less than
ideal welding environments. Welds made in non-ideal environments may necessitate having a safety factor or
mechanical property derating applied to the tubing. This derating should be considered independently from
fatigue derating (if any) and only to the section as defined by coiled tubing management program containing
the tube-to-tube weld. The magnitude of any derating is the responsibility of the coiled tubing user.
The tube-to-tube welds made in less than ideal environments should be removed at the earliest opportunity
and replaced by a tube-to-tube weld made in a near ideal environment. The replacement weld should be
capable of carrying all intended loads of the parent tubing.
Weld Finishing and Inspection
After welding, the weld crown required to prevent weld bead cracking must be removed to allow the tubing
to pass through the injector blocks. Removal is done carefully with tools which do not leave circumferential
scars to a diameter several thousandths of an inch above the tubing wall. This is adequate to pass through
the injectors while not risking material loss in the surrounding tubing wall.
After cooling to ambient temperature, the weld is dimensionally inspected to assure it meets all tubing
requirements for diameter and ovality. The weld is liquid penetrant inspected, with special attention to the
weld centerline and fusion lines where defects detectable by this method are likely to occur. The weld, heat
affected zone and base metal are hardness checked to assure no hard or excessively soft areas are present.
Radiography is then used to volumetrically inspect the weld and surrounding area. The acceptance criteria
are established at the limit of detection for the smallest visible hole or wire listed in the ASME code for the
thickness being radiographed. Welds passing the inspection acceptance criteria are released for use and their
location in the coiled tubing string is documented in the string management records, allowing monitoring of
the weld during coiled tubing operations.
CTES, L. C., Slimhole and Coiled Tubing Standards Phase 1 – Weld Technology, Gas Research Institute Drilling
and Completion Group Final Report GRI-95.0500.1
Van Arnam, W. D. & Smith, D. Good Tubing Welds, Properly Managed, Do Not Break, SPE Paper 60694
Review of Welding Parameters for Coiled Tubing
There are a number of manual GTAW welding procedures, documented in the literature, as being successful
in welding coiled tubing. The following is a discussion of the individual welding variables considered
important to preparation of a welding procedure.
Welding Joint
Several joint designs have been used on coiled tubing. They include double “V” grooves, with and without a
land, “J” and “U” bevels and occasionally the square butt joint.
“V” grooves employ bevel angles to allow introduction of filler metals and distribute welding stresses
developed due to thermal contraction of the weld bead. Included angles in the bevel can vary from 30° to as
much as 90°, dependent on local needs. Studies on piping components have shown that 37½° ± 2½° per side
or 75° included angles distribute these stresses and minimize distortion in tubing welds effectively. “V”
grooves may have featheredges of 1/16” to 1/8” root faces or lands on the root of the bevel. Featheredges
are easier to prepare by hand grinding, which may be the only option in some locations. Consistent lands are
best prepared by weld beveling tools, but can be made by experienced hand grinding operators.
“J” and “U” bevels must be prepared by weld beveling machines. They are used to reduce the amount of filler
metal required in a weld groove. In coiled tubing welding of thicker and higher strength materials the dilution
of too much filler metal can have an adverse influence on the mechanical properties of the welded joint.
Square bevels have been used for relatively thin wall coiled tubing and are normally welded autogenously
(without filler metal additions). These joints are no longer recommended for welding coiled tubing. These
close fit joints have no root spacing and the base metal provides the metal for the weldment. Weld
penetration to fuse the inner root must be carefully controlled and may be limited by the maximum welding
amperage.
Without filler metal the bead can be concave, which can in turn, lead to weld cracking.
Weld joint preparation requires removal of internal flash from the weld area, if present. If left in place the
flash could create an artificial heat sink or source for weld contamination, effecting welding characteristics
and quality. Joint preparation must leave the weld joint within tubing tolerances while not creating any local
stress risers, such as visible to the naked eye, circumferential grinding marks, which could affect finished
fatigue and mechanical properties.
Base Metals
Coiled tubing grades are predominately made from high strength low alloy strip, like coiling operations. The
tubing manufacture process forms the tubing, seam anneals, stress relieves and spools this material, making
each grade of coiled tubing a unique base material. This generally leads to the requirement that each
separate grade of coiled tubing requires separate procedure and qualification.
Much welding is performed on tubing that has been used. Provisions must be made to handle residual
bending, ovality, diameter and wall thickness differences in fitting up the tubing for welding. Contingency
plans for handling contaminated, corroded or magnetized tubing should be in place as well.
Filler Metals
There are no known filler metals with chemistry and welded mechanical property results matching coiled
tubing grades. Filler metals must be selected from the available commercial grades primarily designed for
welding carbon and low alloy steels. Generally, AWS A5.18 ER70S-2 or ER70S-6 filler metals are used for
grades up to and including QT-900. Though listed as having comparable mechanical properties to coiled
tubing grades, many ER80X-X and ER90X-X grades contain chromium or other elements not recommended.
These filler metals are hardenable during air-cooling from welding temperatures and require preheat and or
post weld heat treatment to control hardness and cracking. These thermal treatments are capable of severely
reducing the strength of the surrounding coiled tubing base metal. AWS A5.28 ER120-S-1 is normally used for
joining QT-1000.
In most cases the filler metal is “under matched” to the base metal. This means it contains fewer alloying
elements, which will not develop the same welded strength as the material being welded. To compensate for
the under match, dilution of the base metal chemistry and reproduction of the grain size are important to the
finished weldment properties. Precautions must be taken to assure the filler metal does not create a deposit
of under matched filler metal large enough to create a weak zone in an otherwise uniform, strong coiled
tubing string.
Filler metal sizes or GTAW rods are normally 1/32” (.794 mm) to 3/32” (2.38 mm), based on the thickness of
the bead and welder control required. 1/16” (1.59 mm) diameter filler metal is most often used.
Positions
Most procedures are developed in the ASME Section IX defined 5G position with the tubing horizontal. This
requires the weld bead to start at the bottom of the weld joint and progress upward. Welds made in the
factory, service center base camps and even field locations are made in this position. Occasionally there are
requirements for welds to be made in the 2G position with the pipe vertical. In ASME Section IX
qualifications, both welding procedures and welders qualified to weld tubing in the horizontal (5G) position
qualify to weld with the tubing in the vertical (2G) position, but not vice versa. Field experience has indicated
the same is true for coiled tubing qualifications.
Normally, coiled tubing can be set up in either the horizontal or vertical position and the ASME qualifications
allow the set up to be as much as 15° off true horizontal or vertical using the same procedure. In the unlikely
event the tubing must be welded with the tubing between 15° and 75° of true horizontal or vertical; ASME
Section IX requires separate qualifications be performed with the tubing oriented at 45° from the horizontal
or vertical (6G position). If performed, the qualification in 45° (6G) position, then qualifies the procedure or
welder for the horizontal (5G) and vertical (2G) positions also.
Preheat
Coiled tubing is made from high strength, low alloy steels designed to be welded without preheat to prevent
thermal cracking. Experience has shown preheating existing coiled tubing grades can reduce the mechanical
properties of the heat-affected zone. In fact, the use of chill blocks to remove heat and preserve properties is
well established in welding all grades of coiled tubing. To assure mechanical properties in thicker walls,
requiring multi-pass welds, it may be necessary to provide auxiliary cooling to the chill blocks between
passes. There have been no reported incidences of weld cracking due to lack of preheat.
Heat may be applied to drive off absorbed surface moisture from sources including overnight condensation
or contaminates carried by used tubing. When this is done, it is advisable to cool the joint to approach
ambient temperature before making the weld.
Historically carbon equivalent equations have been used to predict the need for preheat in carbon and low
alloy weldments. The chemistries of the higher strength grades of coiled tubing suggest preheat should be
employed. The carbon equivalent equations were developed to include much thicker welds and highly
restrained weld joints. Today’s coiled tubing wall thickness and weld fixturing allow more latitude. Coiled
tubing grades, primarily due to their high strength, low alloy and fine grain structure appear more tolerant to
welding without preheat than their low alloy counterparts with comparable carbon equivalents.
Post Weld Heat Treatment
Existing procedures do not utilize post weld heat treatment. Welding procedures developed have shown the
mechanical properties and base material hardness requirements can be met without thermal treatment after
welding.
Gas
The shielding gas will usually be welding grade argon or a mixture of 75% helium and 25% argon. It is
important that the gas be welding grade or better to assure it is not contaminated with elements such as
oxygen. Since the shielding gas protects the tungsten electrode and weld puddle from high temperature
oxidation, the purity is important.
The selection of welding gas may first be dictated by availability, particularly in remote locations. Argon tends
to have a cooler welding arc with less penetrating power than helium. Mixed gases of argon and helium will
tend to have hotter arcs and more penetrating power as the concentration of helium increases. A second
benefit is helium, being lighter than air, tends to rise from the torch flow, while argon, being heavier than air,
tends to fall. Mixed gases entering the inside diameter of the tubing are believed to provide better overall
protection of the root when backing gases are not used.
Gas flow rates are important to provide continuous shielding of the weld pool. The minimum flow rate must
protect the weld pool, while overcoming disruptive influences of arc heating or cross drafts. If the flow rate is
too high, the gas flow can become turbulent and inspire air with its oxygen to the weld pool. To allow higher
flow rates, gas lenses are used in the torch nozzle to keep flow laminar at higher flow rates. Flow rates should
be measured with a flow meter calibrated for the molecular weight of the shielding gas. The difference in
molecular weight between helium and argon means the flow rates required to provide equivalent protection
for helium are normally higher than for argon.
An important step in assuring the effectiveness of shielding gas is the protection of the welding area form
strong cross drafts. When welding in exposed areas, it is often necessary to employ barriers to wind flow.
Area or cooling fans should be turned off during the time actual welding is performed. The welding shielding
cannot compromise the safety of the welder and the quality of his breathable air.
Electrical Characteristics
The GTAW process uses direct current, straight polarity in the welding arc. This makes the tungsten electrode
negative in the circuit.
The tungsten electrode is normally 3/32” (2.38 mm) diameter 2% thoriated tungsten. The electrode is ground
to a point with a controlled included angle, typically 60°. The tip is then truncated, with a small flat place on
the end of the point to prevent the tip melting off into the weld puddle.
10 Standard Spool Capacity Chart
The following charts describe the spool dimensions, spool and tube weights and tubing lengths Quality Tubing
provides. Please note that estimated quantities may vary.
Spool Dimensions
Standard Wood Spools, in (cm)
Diameter (a) 112 (284) 120 (305) 135 (343) 154 (391)
Hub 4 (10) 4 (10) 4 (10) 4 (10)
Core (b) 72 (183) 72 (183) 82 (208) 98 (249)
IW (c) 60 (152) 60 (152) 65 (165) 65 (165)
OW (d) 70 (179) 70 (179) 75 (191) 75 (191)
Standard Metal Spools, in (cm)

Diameter (a) 120 (305) 140 (356) 158 (401) 158 (401) 180 (457) 180 (457)
Hub 6 (15.2) 6 (15) 6 (15) 6 (15) 6 (15) 6 (15)
Core (b) 72 (183) 82 (208) 98 (249) 95 (241) 112 (284) 130 (330)
IW (c) 71 (180) 87 (210) 71 (180) 87 (210) 87 (210) 87 (210)
OW (d) 80 (203) 96 (249) 80 (203) 96 (249) 96 (249) 96 (249)
Weights
Standard Wood Spools, lb (kg)
Diameter (a) 112 (284) 120 (305) 135 (343) 154 (391)
Core (b) 72 (183) 72 (183) 82 (208) 98 (249)
Spool Weight 3,050 (1,380) 3,350 (1,520) 4,200 (1,900) 5,550 (2,520)
XC Weight 700 (320) 750 (340) 850 (390) 970 (440)
Total Weight 3,750 (1,700) 4,100 (1,860) 5050 (2,290) 6,520 (2,960)
Standard Metal Spools, lb (kg)

Diameter (a) 120 (305) 140 (356) 158 (401) 158 (401) 180 (457) 180 (457)
Core (b) 72 (183) 82 (208) 98 (249) 95 (241) 112 (284) 130 (330)
Spool Weight 5,350 6,500 8,350 8,850 9,300 9,800
XC Weight (2,420)
750 (340) (2,950)
750 (340) (3,790)
750 (340) (4,000)
750 (340) 900 (410) (4,220)
900 (410)
Figure 15: Standard spools
Total Weight 5,950 7,250 9,100 9,600 10,200 10,700
(2,700) (3,290) (4,630) (4,850)
Tubing Lengths
Standard Wood Spools, in (cm)
Diameter (a) 112 (284) 120 (305) 135 (343) 154 (391)
Core (b) 72 (183) 72 (183) 82 (208) 98 (249)
0.750”” (19 mm) 45,200 (13,800) 56,900 (17,300)
1.000” (25.4 mm) 25,500 (7,800) 32,500 (9,900) 43,300 (13,200) 55,000 (16,800)
1.250” (31.5 mm) 15,800 (4,800) 20,000 (6,100) 27,400 (8,400) 33,500 (10,200)
1.500” (38.1 mm) 11,300 (3,400) 13,600 (4,100) 19,100 (5,800) 23,600 (7,200)
1.750” (44.5 mm) 14,500 (4,400) 16,600 (5,100)
Standard Metal Spools, in (cm)

Diameter (a) 120 (305) 140 (356) 158 (401) 158 (401) 180 (457) 180 (457)
Core (b) 72 (183) 82 (208) 98 (249) 95 (241) 112 (284) 130 (330)
1.000” (25.4 mm) 38,400 (17,400) 67,000 (30,400)
1.250” (31.5 mm) 23,200 (10,500) 41,000 (18,600)
1.500” (38.1 mm) 16,000 (7,300) 29,800 (13,500) 37,100 (16,800) 35,600 (16,200) 45,800 (20,800) 34,700 (15,700)
1.750” (44.5 mm) 20,800 (9,500) 26,600 (12,000) 25,200 (11,500) 33,100 (15,000) 25,500 (11,600)
2.000” (50.8 mm) 20,600 (9,300) 19,400 (8,800) 26,000 (11,800) 18,800 (8,500)
2.375” (60.3 mm) 14,000 (6,400) 17,500 (7,900) 12,800 (5,800)
2.625” (66.7 mm) 14,900 (6,700) 14,900 (6,800)
2.875” (73.0 mm) 12,400 (5,600) 9,600 (4,400)
3.500” (88.9 mm) 5,700 (2,600)
Length
All lengths were calculated in Cerberus™ with a 2” (5 cm) freeboard or listed based on actual experience and
round.
NOTE: Shaded dark gray boxes indicate a core dimension not recommended for that tube size.
Trailer Heights
• 60” (152.4 cm) Float
• 40” (101.6 cm) Single drop/lowboy
• 32” (81.3 cm) Low profile lowboy
• 22” (55.9 cm) Double drop
Warning
Exceeding recommended capacity and weight limits could result in damage to spool and product.
Conversions
Metric conversions are made from US units using 2.54 cm = 1 in., 2.205 lbf = 1 kg. Masses (weights) are
rounded to the nearest 5 kg.
XC = Export Crate: added wooden protection
11 Service Center Operations
Quality Tubing is more than just a manufacturer of coiled
tubing, but your partner through the entire process. We
service the industry with our growing network of service
centers, supporting your global operations. Our regional
service centers are stocked with finished goods, reducing
downtime for your projects around the world.
Quality Tubing’s standards and specifications are upheld at
our service centers. This system assures that customers will
receive the same level of quality and service as they do from
the Houston facility, while having a quicker response time in
receiving the service. The strategic locations of the service Figure 16: Spooling operations at Coil Services (North Sea)
centers permits customers outside of the United States to ltd., Aberdeen, Scotland
perform regular maintenance on their strings, which can extend the life expectancy and detect any possible
damaged or highly-fatigued areas of the string.
These satellite service centers perform a variety of operations, including spooling, cleaning and wireline
operations.
Spooling
Coiled tubing frequently needs to be returned for respooling. Quality Tubing’s service technicians will re-
spool tubing according to documented procedures, laying the tubing carefully and correctly next to the
preceding wrap, maximizing the amount of tubing on a reel. Respooling affords an opportunity to perform
many of the functions, such as those listed below.
Cleaning
Various types of cleaning operations are often performed in conjunction with respooling.
OD Scale/Dirt/Corrosion By-Product Removal
The entire outer surface of the tubing is brushed to remove scale, dirt and corrosion by-products.
NOTE: Quality Tubing will not perform any work on strings which have been contaminated by Naturally
Occurring Radioactive Material (N.O.R.M.) (See section 0).
ID Scale/Dirt/Corrosion By-Product Removal
In this operation, the bore of the tube is washed with high-pressure water or brushed with a “hippo” pig.
Scale, dirt and corrosion by-products may be removed during this process.
Wireline Operations
Wireline Removal
When a string containing a wireline is to be stored for any period of time, it is appropriate to remove the
wireline, inspect it and protect both the string and the wireline. We have developed special methods for
wireline removal. Upon customer request, wireline may be inspected for continuity and shorts.
Wireline Insertion
Wireline is inserted into a string and the continuity of each strand is checked. Wireline is generally inserted by
the fluid-pumping method, in which the line is fed into the tubing via a fast-flowing fluid. Inclusion of an
electric cable inside a coiled tubing string has advanced the development of a new generation of applications.
This has allowed many procedures previously performed by electric line to be coupled with the capabilities of
coiled tubing, such as:
• Extended reach well access
• Production and open hole logging
• Well perforating
• Circulating while logging
• Downhole video camera
• Well treatment
For wireline operations, the installed cable is currently standard cable. Most logging service applications
require only a mono-cable, but many other wireline operations, such as formation evaluation logs, formation
micro-scanners and video cameras, require the use of multi-conductor and coaxial cables.
Sufficient “slack” must be allowed to prevent cables from coming under tension during downhole operations.
Wireline inspections verify both electrical continuity and insulation integrity.
Nondestructive Inspection of Tubing
Two forms of NDE may be performed on the tube body. First, full-body electromagnetic inspection
determines wall thickness changes caused by corrosion, general and/or pitting, or erosion, and determines
dimensional changes caused by necking, ballooning, ovality, the presence of longitudinal splits or gouges, and
the detection of heavily cycled areas. In the second form, an OD visual and dimensional inspection of the
tube is performed at specified intervals, for the purpose of detecting outer surface problems.
Full Body Electromagnetic Inspection
Quality Tubing will inspect the full volume of the steel of the string with electromagnetic methods. The
techniques used in Quality Tubing’s NDE inspection include:
Wall Thickness Measurement
A ring of solid-state sensors is employed to magnetically measure the wall thickness immediately below the
sensor as the tube passes through the ring. The instrument then calculates the maximum and minimum wall
thicknesses at all points along the tubing, displays them and stores the data for future use. This procedure
detects areas of low wall thickness from corrosion and erosion, areas of wear caused by rubbing against the
side of the well and flaw removal areas. The wall thickness readings can occasionally be checked with a
suitably calibrated compression-wave ultrasonic instrument to insure the accuracy of the electromagnetic
equipment.
Detection of Corrosion Pits and Gouges
The magnetic flux leakage signals from such flaws are collected by a second ring of solid state sensors and the
largest of them is displayed on a moving chart. The amplitude is also fed to a fold-out moving map of the
tubing, so that the location of the imperfection signal can be readily determined. All the signals from the
sensor ring can also be viewed and are all stored. The signals may be recalled for post-inspection processing.
The inspector can also assess the local degree of damage by subsequent mechanical, ultrasonic, or
radiographic prove-up methods.
Measurement of Diameter Changes
Eddy current lift-off sensors measure the distance to the tube surface with respect to a standard distance as
the coiled tubing passes through the inspection head. Measurements above and below the standard distance
are displayed and stored. These signals permit the detection and subsequent measurement of necking,
ballooning and ovality.
Ovality
Ovality can be computed by either of the following equations:
(Dmax −Dmin ) (D −D )
θ= D𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑
or θ = 2 (Dmax +Dmin )
max min
Where:
• Dmax = maximum measured diameter
• Dmin = minimum measured diameter
• Dspecified = specified diameter for new tubing
The instrument presents maximum and minimum diameters and calculated ovality in real time using one of
the above formulae.
Detection of Heavily Cycled Areas
With higher strength tubing, the detection of heavily cycled areas is not always possible via ovality
measurement, and with the tubing stretching over its lifetime, rig records may cease to be accurate. The
eddy current system, being responsive to changes in the electrical conductivity of the tubing, locates the
beginning and end of highly cycled areas as they pass through the inspection head.
The pertinent data are either stored in the inspection equipment’s computer or may be placed on disc. Thus,
records of signals collected in the above inspections are available for further or future analysis by the
customer, or by service center inspectors.
• A permanent inspection summary of the location and type of imperfections will be provided.
• It should be noted that if strip bias welds have been manufactured such that they exhibit no
magnetic flus leakage, the inspection unit will not detect them.
Visual and Dimensional Inspection

Outer diameter and wall thickness checks are made at intervals that are to be determined between the string
owner and the service center. These random checks are made with calibrated micrometers and compression
wave ultrasonic equipment. Outer surface imperfection depth is also measured. A report is provided which
shows the outer diameter, wall thickness and general level of outer surface tube damage at the locations at
which the inspection takes place.
NOTE: There is no guarantee with this form of inspection that detrimental imperfections will be detected.
Hydrostatic Testing
Quality Tubing performs hydrostatic testing after each job, set of jobs, long-term storage or adding a tube-to-
tube weld. Such testing, performed with treated water and the subsequent flushing, will also remove scale
and corrosion by-products. While a pressure of 5 kpsi is often used as a standard, the pressure test value and
duration should be discussed with the service center manager during contract review.
Repair
Full body inspection of coiled tubing, and localized failures have shown that there is a need for controlled
repair of coiled tubing strings. Such repair often comprises removal of a section of the tubing and its
replacement by a new section of similar length, with the addition of a tube-to-tube weld. In some areas,
adding a new tail of the same grade to the tubing has proven to be effective in maintaining string length
when the bottom end corrodes. Replacement of the bed wrap has also been performed when heavily
corroded.
Quality Tubing personnel, in conjunction with the owner, will determine how much of the tubing is to be
removed from the string, and we will either add a new section of like grade or will join the remaining sections
with a tube-to-tube weld.
Where tube-to-tube welds are required, Quality Tubing will perform the weld to established Quality Tubing
procedures. We also perform tube-to-tube welds to customer welding specifications if agreed to by both
parties prior to the commencement of any welding. In order to provide protection against variable outside
conditions, a welding habitat has been developed which enables the welder to weld in a controlled
atmosphere.
Tube-to-Tube Weld Nondestructive Testing
Quality Tubing tests welds nondestructively with radiographic, liquid dye penetrant inspection and ultrasonic
inspection to approved procedures. Unless otherwise agreed, the quality level of each NDE inspection will be
that which meets Quality Tubing internal procedures. NDE testing to procedures other than those agreed by
the Quality Tubing Level III must be agreed with the Quality Tubing Level III prior to performance of any
inspection.
Corrosion Protection
One of the most serious problems associated with prolonging the life of coiled tubing is to protect it from
corrosion. Both surfaces are prone to corrosion, often for different reasons. We have developed corrosion-
resistant coatings for both surfaces.
External Corrosion Inhibitor
The simplest way of prolonging life is to eliminate external corrosion. Quality Tubing protects the outside
surface of the entire string in association with other services. Upon request, we will additionally protect the
bed-wrap against atmospheric corrosion with a thick layer of material.
Internal Corrosion Inhibitor
After cleaning the ID with cleaning pigs and running wiper balls, corrosion inhibitor is applied. This inhibitor is
blown through the tubing and settles on the inside walls.
Nitrogen Purge and Backfill
One well-established method for internal corrosion mitigation is to wipe the inside surface of the tubing in
order to remove as much fluid as practicable, and to purge the air from the tubing, replacing it with N2. A
slight positive pressure of N2 inside the tube is then maintained by capping the tube ends with Posi-Plugs.
This effectively isolates the internal environment of the tubing and minimizes the amount of oxygen available
for corrosion. Storage of reels of coiled tubing for long periods should always include this protective
procedure.
Offshore Technical Assistance and Repair Service
Quality Tubing welders and inspectors perform tube-to-tube welds on coiled tubing in offshore locations and
will inspect these welds. Both the welding and the inspection are performed to Quality Tubing specifications,
unless otherwise agreed. X-radiography or other NDE will require the services of an approved third-party
inspection company.
Performance of these services to customer requirements must be agreed prior to the commencement of any
work.
12 Standard Terms and Warranty
Terms
Unless otherwise specified, standard payment terms are net 30 days from the invoice date.
Invoicing
All orders will be invoiced at the time of shipment from Quality Tubing’s manufacturing facility unless otherwise
specified on the order confirmation. Any order produced and not shipped within 30 days of the production date or
the promised delivery date, whichever is later, will be invoiced and payable in accordance with Standard Terms.
Payments
All US payments are to be in US dollars and are payable to Quality Tubing.
All international payments are to be in US dollars by wire transfer to Quality Tubing unless otherwise stated in the
order confirmation. Wire transfer fees will be to the account of the customer or record.
Any outstanding balance at the end of the agreed terms shall bear interest at the rate of 1.5% per month, plus any
and all cost incurred to collect.
Shipping Tolerance
All orders are produced to a 0 - 2% footage tolerance and all material shipped within this tolerance will be invoiced.
Cancellation
Any order produced to a customer purchase order (written or verbal) may not be cancelled once the order is
produced. Quality Tubing may accept a cancellation on a case-by-case basis. If a cancellation is accepted, the order
will be subject to a 10% restocking charge.
Used Tubing Storage
The minimum storage charge and hydrostatic pressure test will be billed when the tubing is initially stored. Monthly
storage charges will be billed on a monthly basis.
Warranty Statement
Quality Tubing warranties that the materials, services and equipment furnished conform to the plans, drawings and
specifications and technical information provided by the customer to Quality Tubing (to the extent accepted in
writing by Quality Tubing) and that the materials, workmanship and equipment furnished shall be free from defects
and of the best quality subject to Quality Tubing’s standard manufacturing variations and written procedures within
its quality system. THERE ARE NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MECHANTABILITY AND/OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE.
Quality Tubing expressly denies any responsibility for damage to products sold hereunder which (a) occurs while
being placed in service, (b) which is caused by such conditions as tensile overload, fatigue damage, external and
internal pitting and other forms of corrosion which are attributable to in-service use, or (c) ovality and ballooning
induced during use.
The Customer’s remedies with respect to any claim arising out of an order or Quality Tubing’s performance in
connection therewith will be limited exclusively to the right of repair or replacement of such goods or to repayment
of the purchase price thereof, at Quality Tubing’s option. IN NO EVENT WILL QUALITY TUBING BE LIABLE FOR ANY
CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY LOSS OF ANTICIPATED
PROFITS) INCURRED BY THE CUSTOMER.

QT Technical Manual 02272018

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Quality Tubing Products

This document contains proprietary and confidential information

qualitytubing@nov.com nov.com/qualitytubing iii

Quality Tubing (Medicine Hat) Ltd.

NOV Intervention and Stimulation Equipment

type of weld is now proven in numerous applications in oil and

Visual Metallographic Inspection

Standard products include the following:

All other products are non-standard.

Ordering Information for Standard Products

Flash-Free Tubing Applications

Strings developed using TRUE-TAPER strips are now considered to be

Tubing Scaled Tubing De-scaled Tubing

Definitions and Equations (US Customary Units)

These quantities are reported to 0.001”.

Measured Inside Diameter (dmeas)

Hydrostatic Test Pressure (PT)

Calculated values are rounded to the nearest 10 ft-lb.

External Displacement (VD)

Inside Diameter (d) (Equation 6)

Outside Diameter (tM)

Inside Diameter (dM)

Specified Minimum Yield Strength (SMYSM)

Pipe Body Yield Load (LyM)

Internal Yield Pressure (PrM)

Test Pressure (PTM)

Collapse Pressure (PcM)

Coiled Tubing, Drill Pipe and Casing Strength Data

General Stretch Formula

Equation 26: Stretch formula

Example (Equation 28):

Equation 31: Timonshenko equation 2 for collapse

Equation 32: Timonshenko equation 3 for collapse

Equation 33: Safety factor applied to collapse pressure and load

Equation 34: Safety factor applied to collapse pressure and torque

Equation 36: Collapse correction factor

This equation can then be rearranged to solve for K as follows:

Equation 38: Collapse correction factor defined

1.25 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 2.00

Figure 13: Collapse correction factors

User Measured Specifications

90,000 16,416 2.030−1.970 2.000

𝑃𝑐𝑜 = 21,827 − √21,8272 − 324,676,049

For turbulent flow conditions:

Equation 42: Friction factor for turbulent flow

Determining Pressure Drop

∆P1000 = 578 psi

Figure 14: Fluid properties chart

Standard Metal Spools, in (cm)

Standard Metal Spools, lb (kg)

Standard Metal Spools, in (cm)

Visual and Dimensional Inspection

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