History of the Philippines

2000 BC- Guri Cave, Chamber A, Lipuun Point, Palawan.

Flake tools, blade-like stone tools, marine
marine shells.

3000 BC- Bolobok Cave, Sanga-Sanga, Tawi-Tawi bronze celt, red

glass bead, pottery
Early Metal Age Culture.

1000-1000AD - Sinoloan Copper plate: earliest evidence of writing

in the Philippines - a legal quit-claim.
Laurel, Batangas. c.1000 AD
Polychrome jar with manganese glaze from Fayum,
Egypt Earliest evidence of high-fired ceramics.
Butuan City, Mindanao.
Persian glass, shell midden, Chinese Yueh-type wares,
large edge-pegged plank boat.

1240- Batuan City. Large edge-pegged boat.

1300- Kuruswanan Ledge, Palawan.

Primary coffin burial. Yuan Dynasty ceramics.
Balingasay, Pangasinan.
Pottery, monochome Chinese tradeware.
Kuruswanan Ledge, Kuruswanan, Palawan.
Primary burial in log coffin, Yuan Dynasty ceramics.

1380-Introduction of Islam into the Philippines

Spanish Era
1521-The expedition first sighted the mountains of Samar at dawn on the 16th March 1521
-Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippines on March 17, 1521.
-Friday, 29 March 1521, second day of Magellan's stay at Mazaua
-On Easter Sunday, 31 March 1521, at Masao, Butuan, (now in Agusan del Norte), Magellan solemnly planted a cross on the
summit of a hill overlooking the sea and claimed possession of the islands he had seen for the king of Spain, naming
them Archipelago of Saint Lazarus.

1543- Ruy López de Villalobos named the islands of Leyte and Samar Las Islas Filipinas after Philip II of Spain
-He followed the route taken by Magellan and reached Mindanao on February 2, 1543.

1565- The Sandugo was a blood compact, performed in the island of Bohol in the Philippines, between the Spanish explorer
Miguel López de Legazpi and Datu Sikatuna the eftain of Bohol on March 16, 1565, to seal their friendship as part of the tribal
tradition. This is considered as the first treaty of friendship between the Spaniards and Filipinos. "Sandugo" is aVisayan word
which means "one blood".
-On April 27, 1565, Legaspi returned to Cebu; destroyed the town of Raja Tupas and establish a settlement. On orders of the
King Philip II, 2,100 men arrived from Mexico. They built the the port of Fuerza de San Pedrowhich became the Spanish trading
outpost and stronghold for the region.

1571-The Spaniards renamed the city on January 1, 1571, from San Miguel (Saint Michael) to Villa del Santissimo Nombre de
Jesús (Town of the Most Holy Name of Jesus). The island were a former capital city of the Spanish East Indies before the capital
city was moved to Manila in 1571.

-The Battle of Bankusay on June 3, 1571 marked the last resistance to the occupation of Manila by the Spaniards, led
by Miguel López de Legazpi. Tarik Sulayman, the chief of Macabebe, Pampanga, refusing to ally with the Spanish
as Lakandula of Tondo had done, decided to mount an attack at Bankusay Channel. His forces were defeated, and he himself
was killed. The Spanish victory at Bankusay and Legaspi's friendship with Lakandula, enabled the Spaniards to establish
themselves throughout the city and its neighboring towns.
-Legazpi was able to establish a municipal government for Manila on June 24, 1571. The initial population of the city was
around 250.

1574- November 30, 1574 Limahong sailed down the Ilocos coast with 62 ships and attacked on Manila.

1762 -On 5 October 1762 (4 October local calendar), the night before the fall of the walled city of Manila, the Spanish military
persuaded Rojo to summon a council of war. Several times the archbishop wished to capitulate, but was prevented. By very
heavy battery fire that day, the British had successfully breached the walls of the bastion San Diego, dried up the ditch,
dismounted the cannons of that bastion and the two adjoining bastions, San Andes and San Eugeno, set fire to parts of the
town, and drove the Spanish forces from the walls. At dawn of October 6, British forces attacked the breach and took the
fortifications meeting with little resistance.
1829- October 31, 1829. Francisco Dagohoy, a cabeza de barangay of Bohol and the leader of the longest uprising (8 years),
surrendered to the Spaniards.

1861- On June 19, 1861, Jose Protacio Rizal, Philippines National Hero, was born in Calamba, Laguna to Francisco Mercado Rizal
and Teodora Alonso

1872-On February 17, 1872, the three martyred Priests, Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Apolonio Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora,
better known for the acronym GOMBURZA, were executed by garrote by the Spaniards in Bagumbayan in connection with the
1872 Cavite Mutiny.

1889- February 15, 1889. The establishment of La Solidaridad, the newspaper founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena to voice out
the Filipinos cry for reforms.

1892- La Liga Filipina (English: The Philippine League) was a progressive organization created by Dr. José Rizal in
the Philippinesin the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila in 1892.
-on July 6, 1892 on Dapitan. The league was to be a sort of mutual aid and self-help society dispensing scholarship funds
and legal aid, loaning capital and setting up cooperatives, the league became at threat to Spanish authorities that they arrested
Rizal.
-On July 7, 1892, Governor-General Eulogio Despujol made public the order of the deportation of Dr. Jose Rizal to Dapitan,
a remote town in Zamboanga.

1896-August 23, 1896. Bonifacio and his fellow Katipuneros tore their cedulas or residence certificates while shouting "Long
live the Philippines", during their preparation for battle. This was marked as the historic Cry of Balintawak.
-August 25, 1896. The Katipuneros headed by Bonifacio had their first encounter with the Spanish civil guards and infantrymen.
Due to strong forces and large presence of the Filipino troops, both camps of the Spaniards retreated. But in the end, Filipinos
lost the battle when the latter came back with large number of fighters and stronger ammunition.
-Revolution in Cavite. There, the rebels stormed the municipal building of San Francisco de Malabon on August 31, 1896. The
Magdiwang group also attacked the Spaniards in Noveleta. In Cavite el Viejo, the Magdalo group, under Candido Tirona (a
bosom friend of Emilio Aguinaldo), captured the Spanish garrison while Emilio Aguinaldo and his men tried but failed to
intercept Spanish reinforcements from Manila.
-Setember 12, 1896. A group of revolutionaries from Cavite were executed. They are now known as teh "Trece Martires de
Cavite" or the thirteen martyrs of Cavite.

-Betrayal. There were early signs that the rebels in Cavite were leaning towards the establishment of a new leadership and
government. On October 31, 1896, General Aguinaldo issued two decrees. They both stated that the aim of the Revolution
was the independence of the Philippines. Therefore, he urged Filipinos to fight for freedom, following the example of civilized
European and American nations. He also proclaimed “Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity” as watchwords of the revolution.
-December 30, 1896. Jose Rizal was executed by firing squad in Bagumbayan (now called Rizal Park) after being held captive at
fort Santiago in Intramuros, Manila.