Composite Bridge Steel Girder Design in IRC

Structural Design of Composite Bridges
with
Steel Plate Girders and RCC Deck Slab
With IRC Standard
by ASTRA Pro
Foreword:
Composite Bridges are common in construction of Rail Over Bridges (ROBs), Flyovers and Elevated
Roads over busy railway and streets underneath. The advantage is the stoppage and interruption of traffic
is not done for long time. The staging and shuttering for the steel girders are not required as pre-fabricated
girders are brought to the site in trailers and they are erected by cranes. The casting of RCC Deck Slab is
done on shuttering with form work placed at the girders.
In case of Extradosed Bridges over rivers and other water bodies the Composite Deck-Girder
Superstructure is commonly used for the same advantages.
The design report is to be obtained for Composite Bridges with RCC Deck Slab and Steel Plate or Box
Girders is designed with Shear Connectors etc. with step wise detail design calculation and structural detail
drawing by following AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, British Eurocode 2 and IRC
112
The studies are to be conducted about the results on analysis on same Bridge with all above standards.
Construction drawings for Composite Road Bridge with Steel Plate Girder and RCC Deck Slab
2
Composite Bridge in curved alignment:
For Trucks heavily loaded with stone aggregates, sand, marble slabs, cement bags, steel members etc.
when negotiates curve the centrifugal force is very high. If the transverse force is considered same as
straight bridge, by ignoring the effect of centrifugal force then the design and selection of the Bridge
Bearing shall be incorrect resulting fall of the curved span.
The essential considerations in this design are:
• Modelling of the bridge as a curved super-structure with multi-span continuous structure

• Applying transverse force at support nodes with correctly selected POT/PTFE Bearings obtained from the X
and Z direction components of the centrifugal force.
• Construction drawings for Composite Road Bridge with Steel Box Girder and RCC Deck Slab
3
Orthotropic Analysis of Composite Bridges:
Design of Continuous and Curved Three-Span Composite Bridge with Steel Girders and Concrete Deck
Slab may be done with Orthotropic Analysis as per British, AASHTO-LRFD and IRC Standard. The
differences in results are to be observed.
Model View by Graphical User Interface (GUI): View of Model for Orthotropic Analysis for Multi-span
Continuous Curved Spans with various options as available on the left panel of the GUI Window.
4
Steel Girder Design Steps with IRC Standard:
BASIC INPUT DATA
SALIENT FEATURES OF THE BRIDGE DECK:
Span c/c of Exp. J. = 36 m
Exp. Gap = 50 mm
c/L of brg. c/L of exp. J = 0.5 m
Span c/c of brg. =36-0.5*2-50/1000*2*0 = 35 m
Overall span=36-50/1000 = 35.95 m
Girder overhang beyond c/L brg. = 0.475 m
Overall Length of Girder=35+0.475*2 = 35.95 m
No. of Intermediate Cross Girder = 5 Nos.
Overall Deck width = 11.85 m
Wearing Coat Thickness = 0.5 mm
Thickness of Cast-in-situ deck = 0.21 m
Thickness of hunch below deck = 0.1 m
Depth of Longitudinal Girder = 1.6 m
Overall depth Beam +slab=1.6+0.1+0.21 = 1.91 m
c/c of girder (transverse direction) = 2.45 m
Nos. of Girder = 4 Nos.
Deck cantilever in transverse direction = 1.5 m ( Existing bridge side)
=(11.85-2.45*(4-1))/2*0+1.5 1.5 m ( Outer side)
Size of bearing = 0.5 x 0.5 m
(Long) (Trans)
Material used
Grade of concrete = M 35 Mpa
Ec(s) = Modulas of Elasticity of Cast-in-situ concrete at 28-days
= 5000 √ fck
= 29580.4 N/mm2
Type of reinf. steel = Fe 500 Mpa

Type of structural steel
Es = Modulas of Elasticity of steel of girder
200000 N/mm2
Grade of structural steel = E 250 Fe 410W
Yield stress = 240 Mpa
Density of concrete = 2.5 T/m3
Density of green concrete = 2.6 T/m3
Density of steel = 7.85 T/m3
5
Modular Ratio for Composite Section with Prefabricated units in Steel according to clause- 604.2.4 of IRC - 22 -2008.
i) For permanent loads
m = Es >= 15
Kc*Ec(s)
Kc = Creep factor = 0.5
m = 15
ii) For transient loads

m = Es >= 7.5
Ec(s)
m = 7.5
Load Factor used

ULS load factor
Dead Load 1.35
SIDL 1.35
SURFACING 1.75
Live Load 1.5
STAGES : Girder Age Deck Age

Girder launching 0 -
Casting of deck 7 0
Placing of SIDL 35 28
Open to LL 56 21
At ∞ ∞ ∞
ANALYSES ASSUMPTION
Environmental parameters
Relative humidity = 80 %
Exposure condition = SEVERE
TEMPERATURE
Coefficient of thermal expansion = 1.2E-05 /oC
6
c/L Brg.
CRASH BARRIER 0.5
1.35
10 11.85
0
0
35
35.95
PLAN
11.85
0.21
Nos of Girder = 4 1.6 1.91
c/L Jcak (typ.)

0.7
1.5 2.45
Super-structure Cross-section
c/L
1.528 2.847
5.83333 5.83333 5.83333
0.475 4.375 4.375 4.375 4.375

17.5
deff Int CG Int CG
7
LONG TERM PROPERTIES FOR OUTER GIRDER
Modular ratio = 15
1) Outer Girder at mid span
Composite b d Nos. Am y z Iy Iz
m m m2 m m m4 m4
Deck Slab RECT 0.16333 0.21 1 0.0343 0.105 0 7.6E-05 0.01971

Haunch TRIAN 0.00667 0.1 2 0.00067 0.24333 0 1.6E-09 0.00025
RECT 0.06 0.1 1 0.006 0.26 0 1.8E-06 0.00217
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.335 0 0.00304 0.01244
WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 1.11 0 1E-06 0.00749
Bottom flange-1 RECT 0 0 1 0 1.86 0 0 0
Bottom flange-3 RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 1.885 0 0.00304 0.04723
Total 0.16097 0.86057 0 0.00615 0.0893
Deck Slab=b= 2450/15/1000 ; d = 210/1000 ; Am =IF(RECT="RECT",0.1633*0.21,0.5*0.1633*0.21)*1;
Y=0.21/2 ; ly =IF(RECT="RECT",0.21*0.1633^3/12,0.21*0.1633^3/36)*1+0.0343*(0-0)^2
A = 0.1609667 m2 yt = 0.86057 m rz = 0.74482 m

4
IZ = 0.0892967 m yb = 1.04943 m ry = 0.19553 m
4
Iy = 0.0061541 m
yb = 0.8606/1000-1910 ry= SQRT(0.0061541/0.1609667)
8
Steel-girder b d Nos. A y z Iy Iz
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 0.8 0 1E-06 0.00563
Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597
A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

IZ = 0.0597 m4 yb = 0.8 m ry = 0.22502 m
Iy = 0.006076 m4
With respect to Composite girder
yt = 1.11 m yb = 0.8 m
a) Classification of composite section = Plastic as it fully restrained from tortional buckling.

b) Classification of girder section without deck
Type of section used = Welded section

e = ( 250 / fy ) 1/2
fy = 240 MPa
e=(250/240)^0.5 = 1.02062
For unequal flanges
r1 = Fc/d t fyw + (Bt Tt -Bc Tc)fyf
d t fyw
0 + 0 = 0
f1 = -125 N/mm2 Bending stresses at top and bottom of plate girder at the time of
f2 = 125.02 N/mm2 non composite action
r2 = f1 + f2 = 7E-14 = 1E-16 -ve means tension
2 fyw 480
9
Ratio Class-1 Class-2 Class-3
Outstanding of compression flange= b/tf <= 8.4 e <= 9.4 e <= 13.6
b/tf <= 8.57321 <= 9.59383 <= 13.8804
Web(for unequal flanges) = d/tw <= 84 e <= 105 e <= 126
1+r1 1+r1 1+2r2
>= 42e
42.8661
d/tw <= 85.7321 <= 107.165 <= 128.598
b/tf = 8.8 Class-2(Compact)
d/tw = 75 Class-1(Plastic)
f1=-133.28=-(319.36*1.35+417.4*1.35)/(0.0597)*0.8/100
2) Outer Girder at 3L/8
Composite b d Nos. A y z Iy Iz
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Deck Slab RECT 0.16333 0.21 1 0.0343 0.105 0 7.6E-05 0.01971

Haunch TRIAN 0.00667 0.1 2 0.00067 0.24333 0 1.6E-09 0.00025
RECT 0.06 0.1 1 0.006 0.26 0 1.8E-06 0.00217
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.335 0 0.00304 0.01244
WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 1.11 0 1E-06 0.00749
Total 0.16097 0.86057 0 0.00615 0.0893
10
A = 0.1609667 m2 yt = 0.86057 m rz = 0.74482 m
IZ = 0.0892967 m4 yb = 1.04943 m ry = 0.19553 m
Iy = 0.0061541 m4
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 0.8 0 1E-06 0.00563
Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597
A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

IZ = 0.0597 m4 yb = 0.8 m ry = 0.22502 m
4
Iy = 0.006076 m
yt = 1.11 m yb = 0.8 m

e = ( 250 / fy ) 1/2
fy = 240 MPa
e = 1.02062
For unequal flanges
d t fyw
0 + 0 = 0
f1 = -125.02 N/mm2 Bending stresses at top and bottom of plate girder at the
f2 = 125.019 N/mm2 time of non composite action
r2 = f1 + f2 = 7.1E-14 = 1.5E-16 -ve means tension
2 fyw 480
11
b/tf <= 8.57321 <= 9.59383 <= 13.8804
1+r1 1+r1 1+2r2
>= 42e
42.8661
d/tw <= 85.7321 <= 107.165 <= 128.598

m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Deck Slab RECT 0.16333 0.21 1 0.0343 0.105 0 7.6E-05 0.01971

Haunch TRIAN 0.00667 0.1 2 0.00067 0.24333 0 1.6E-09 0.00025
RECT 0.06 0.1 1 0.006 0.26 0 1.8E-06 0.00217
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.335 0 0.00304 0.01244
WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 1.11 0 1E-06 0.00749
Total 0.16097 0.86057 0 0.00615 0.0893
12
A = 0.1609667 m2 yt = 0.86057 m rz = 0.74482 m
IZ = 0.0892967 m4 yb = 1.04943 m ry = 0.19553 m
Iy = 0.0061541 m4
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 0.8 0 1E-06 0.00563
Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597
A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

IZ = 0.0597 m4 yb = 0.8 m ry = 0.22502 m
Iy = 0.006076 m4


e = ( 250 / fy ) 1/2
fy = 240 MPa
e = 1.02062
For unequal flanges
d t fyw
0 + 0 = 0
2
f1 = -125.02 N/mm -ve means tension
f2 = 125.019 N/mm2
r2 = f1 + f2 = 7.1E-14 = 1.5E-16
2 fyw 480
13
b/tf <= 8.57321 <= 9.59383 <= 13.8804
1+r1 1+r1 1+2r2
>= 42e
42.8661
d/tw <= 85.7321 <= 107.165 <= 128.598
4) Outer Girder at L/8

2450
1225 1225
210 900
100
50
100
20
1600 1910
1500
0
0 0
50
0
900
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Deck Slab RECT 0.16333 0.21 1 0.0343 0.105 0 7.6E-05 0.01971

Haunch TRIAN 0.00667 0.1 2 0.00067 0.24333 0 1.6E-09 0.00025
RECT 0.06 0.1 1 0.006 0.26 0 1.8E-06 0.00217
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.335 0 0.00304 0.01244
WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 1.11 0 1E-06 0.00749
Total 0.16097 0.86057 0 0.00615 0.0893

2
A = 0.1609667 m yt = 0.86057 m rz = 0.74482 m
IZ = 0.0892967 m4 yb = 1.04943 m ry = 0.19553 m
Iy = 0.0061541 m4
14
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 0.8 0 1E-06 0.00563
Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597
A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

IZ = 0.0597 m4 yb = 0.8 m ry = 0.22502 m
Iy = 0.006076 m4
yt = 1.11 m yb = 0.8 m


e = ( 250 / fy ) 1/2
fy = 240 MPa
e = 1.02062
For unequal flanges
d t fyw
0 + 0 = 0
2
f1 = -118.1 N/mm -ve means tension
f2 = 118.097 N/mm2
r2 = f1 + f2 = 7.1E-14 = 1.5E-16
2 fyw 480
15
b/tf <= 8.57321 <= 9.59383 <= 13.8804
1+r1 1+r1 1+2r2
>= 42e
42.8661
d/tw <= 85.7321 <= 107.165 <= 128.598

Properties composite
Long_girder L/8 2L/8 3L/8 Mid span
A 0.160966667 0.160966667 0.160966667 0.160966667
Ix 1E-12 1E-10 1E-10 1E-10
Iy 0.006154056 0.006154056 0.006154056 0.006154056
Iz 0.089296746 0.089296746 0.089296746 0.089296746
yt 0.860573963 0.860573963 0.860573963 0.860573963
yb 1.049426037 1.049426037 1.049426037 1.049426037
ry 0.1955297 0.1955297 0.1955297 0.1955297
rz 0.744817447 0.744817447 0.744817447 0.744817447
Length m 9.7 8.75 8.75 8.75
UDL t/m 1.263588333 1.263588333 1.263588333 1.263588333
Class of section Plastic Plastic Plastic Plastic
Properties Steel
A 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12
Ix
Iy 0.006076 0.006076 0.006076 0.006076
Iz 0.0597 0.0597 0.0597 0.0597
yt 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
yb 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
ry 0.225018518 0.225018518 0.225018518 0.225018518
rz 0.705336799 0.705336799 0.705336799 0.705336799
Length m 9.7 8.75 8.75 8.75
UDL t/m 0.942 0.942 0.942 0.942
Class of compression flange Class-2(Compact) Class-2(Compact) Class-2(Compact) Class-2(Compact)
Class of web Class-1(Plastic) Class-1(Plastic) Class-1(Plastic) Class-1(Plastic)
16
Long term properties for inner Girder
Modular ratio = 15
1) Inner Girder at mid span

2450
1225 1225
220 900
100
50
100
20
1600 1920
1500
0
0 0
50
0
900
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Deck Slab RECT 0.16333 0.22 1 0.03593 0.11 0 8E-05 0.02046

Haunch TRIAN 0.00667 0.1 2 0.00067 0.25333 0 1.6E-09 0.00025
RECT 0.06 0.1 1 0.006 0.27 0 1.8E-06 0.00211
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.345 0 0.00304 0.01203
WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 1.12 0 1E-06 0.00762
Total 0.1626 0.86188 0 0.00616 0.09051
A = 0.1626 m2 yt = 0.86188 m rz = 0.74608 m

IZ = 0.0905082 m4 yb = 1.05812 m ry = 0.1946 m
Iy = 0.0061577 m4
17
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704
WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 0.8 0 1E-06 0.00563
Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597
A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

4
IZ = 0.0597 m yb = 0.8 m ry = 0.22502 m
Iy = 0.006076 m4
yt = 1.12 m yb = 0.8 m


e = ( 250 / fy ) 1/2
fy = 240 MPa
e = 1.02062
For unequal flanges
d t fyw
0 + 0 = 0
f1 = -133.28 N/mm2 Bending stresses at top and bottom of plate girder at the
f2 = 133.282 N/mm2 time of non composite action
2 fyw 480

b/tf <= 8.57321 <= 9.59383 <= 13.8804
1+r1 1+r1 1+2r2
>= 42e
42.8661
d/tw <= 85.7321 <= 107.165 <= 128.598

2) Inner Girder at 3L/8
18
2450
1225 1225
220 900
100
50
100
20
1600 1920
1500
0
0 0
50
0
900
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Deck Slab RECT 0.16333 0.22 1 0.03593 0.11 0 8E-05 0.02046

Haunch TRIAN 0.00667 0.1 2 0.00067 0.25333 0 1.6E-09 0.00025
RECT 0.06 0.1 1 0.006 0.27 0 1.8E-06 0.00211
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.345 0 0.00304 0.01203
WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 1.12 0 1E-06 0.00762
Total 0.1626 0.86188 0 0.00616 0.09051
A = 0.1626 m2 yt = 0.86188 m rz = 0.74608 m

IZ = 0.0905082 m4 yb = 1.05812 m ry = 0.1946 m
Iy = 0.0061577 m4
19
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 0.8 0 1E-06 0.00563
Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597
A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

IZ = 0.0597 m4 yb = 0.8 m ry = 0.22502 m
Iy = 0.006076 m4
yt = 1.12 m yb = 0.8 m


e = ( 250 / fy ) 1/2
fy = 240 MPa
e = 1.02062
For unequal flanges
d t fyw
0 + 0 = 0
f1 = -125.02 N/mm2 Bending stresses at top and bottom of plate girder at the time of non
f2 = 125.019 N/mm2 composite action
2 fyw 480

b/tf <= 8.57321 <= 9.59383 <= 13.8804
1+r1 1+r1 1+2r2
>= 42e
42.8661
d/tw <= 85.7321 <= 107.165 <= 128.598

20
2450
1225 1225
220 900
100
50
100
20
1600 1920
1500
0
0 0
50
0
900
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Deck Slab RECT 0.16333 0.22 1 0.03593 0.11 0 8E-05 0.02046

Haunch TRIAN 0.00667 0.1 2 0.00067 0.25333 0 1.6E-09 0.00025
RECT 0.06 0.1 1 0.006 0.27 0 1.8E-06 0.00211
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.345 0 0.00304 0.01203
WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 1.12 0 1E-06 0.00762
Total 0.1626 0.86188 0 0.00616 0.09051
A = 0.1626 m2 yt = 0.86188 m rz = 0.74608 m

IZ = 0.0905082 m4 yb = 1.05812 m ry = 0.1946 m
Iy = 0.0061577 m4
21
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 0.8 0 1E-06 0.00563
Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597
A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

4
IZ = 0.0597 m yb = 0.8 m ry = 0.22502 m
4
Iy = 0.006076 m
yt = 1.12 m yb = 0.8 m


e = ( 250 / fy ) 1/2
fy = 240 MPa
e = 1.02062
For unequal flanges
d t fyw
0 + 0 = 0
f1 =
-118.1 N/mm2 Bending stresses at top and bottom of plate girder at
f2 =
118.097 N/mm2 the time of non composite action
r2 =
f1 + f2 = 7.1E-14 = 1.5E-16 -ve means tension
2 fyw 480
b/tf <= 8.57321 <= 9.59383 <= 13.8804
1+r1 1+r1 1+2r2
>= 42e
42.8661
d/tw <= 85.7321 <= 107.165 <= 128.598

22
4) Inner Girder at L/8
2450
1225 1225
220 900
100
50
100
20
1600 1920
1500
0
0 0
50
0
900
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Deck Slab RECT 0.16333 0.22 1 0.03593 0.11 0 8E-05 0.02046

Haunch TRIAN 0.00667 0.1 2 0.00067 0.25333 0 1.6E-09 0.00025
RECT 0.06 0.1 1 0.006 0.27 0 1.8E-06 0.00211
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.345 0 0.00304 0.01203
WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 1.12 0 1E-06 0.00762
Total 0.1626 0.86188 0 0.00616 0.09051
A = 0.1626 m2 yt = 0.86188 m rz = 0.74608 m

IZ = 0.0905082 m4 yb = 1.05812 m ry = 0.1946 m
Iy = 0.0061577 m4
23
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 0.8 0 1E-06 0.00563
Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597
A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

IZ = 0.0597 m4 yb = 0.8 m ry = 0.22502 m
Iy = 0.006076 m4
yt = 1.12 m yb = 0.8 m


e = ( 250 / fy ) 1/2
fy = 240 MPa
e = 1.02062
For unequal flanges
d t fyw
0 + 0 = 0
f1 -75.125 N/mm2
= -ve means tension
2
f2 =
75.1251 N/mm
r2 =
f1 + f2 = 4.3E-14 = 8.9E-17
2 fyw 480
b/tf <= 8.57321 <= 9.59383 <= 13.8804
1+r1 1+r1 1+2r2
>= 42e
42.8661
d/tw <= 85.7321 <= 107.165 <= 128.598

24
Properties composite
A 0.1626 0.1626 0.1626 0.1626
Ix 1E-12 1E-10 1E-10 1E-10
Iy 0.006157687 0.006157687 0.006157687 0.006157687
Iz 0.09050819 0.09050819 0.09050819 0.09050819
yt 0.861879185 0.861879185 0.861879185 0.861879185
yb 1.058120815 1.058120815 1.058120815 1.058120815
Length m 9.7 8.75 8.75 8.75
UDL t/m 1.27641 1.27641 1.27641 1.27641
Class of section Plastic Plastic Plastic Plastic
Properties Steel
A 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12
Ix
Iy 0.006076 0.006076 0.006076 0.006076
Iz 0.0597 0.0597 0.0597 0.0597
yt 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
yb 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Length m 9.7 8.75 8.75 8.75
UDL t/m 0.942 0.942 0.942 0.942
25
SHORT TERM PROPERTIES FOR OUTER GIRDER
Modular ratio = 7.5

1) Outer Girder at mid span
2450
1225 1225
210 900
100
50
100
20
1600 1910
1500
0
0 0
50
0
900
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Deck Slab RECT 0.32667 0.21 1 0.0686 0.105 0 0.00061 0.02556

Haunch TRIAN 0.01333 0.1 2 0.00133 0.24333 0 1.3E-08 0.00029
RECT 0.12 0.1 1 0.012 0.26 0 1.4E-05 0.00247
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.335 0 0.00304 0.00642
WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 1.11 0 1E-06 0.01037
Total 0.20193 0.71235 0 0.0067 0.10699
A = 0.20193 m2 yt = 0.71235 m rz = 0.7279 m

IZ = 0.10699 m4 yb = 1.19765 m ry = 0.18216 m
Iy = 0.0067 m4
26
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 0.8 0 1E-06 0.00563
Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597
A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

IZ = 0.0597 m4 yb = 0.8 m ry = 0.22502 m
Iy = 0.00608 m4
yt = 1.11 m yb = 0.8 m

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900
27
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Deck Slab RECT 0.32667 0.21 1 0.0686 0.105 0 0.00061 0.02556

Haunch TRIAN 0.01333 0.1 2 0.00133 0.24333 0 1.3E-08 0.00029
RECT 0.12 0.1 1 0.012 0.26 0 1.4E-05 0.00247
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.335 0 0.00304 0.00642
WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 1.11 0 1E-06 0.01037
Total 0.20193 0.71235 0 0.0067 0.10699
A = 0.20193 m2 yt = 0.71235 m rz = 0.7279 m

IZ = 0.10699 m4 yb = 1.19765 m ry = 0.18216 m
Iy = 0.0067 m4
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 0.8 0 1E-06 0.00563
Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597
A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

4
IZ = 0.0597 m yb = 0.8 m ry = 0.22502 m
4
Iy = 0.00608 m
yt = 1.11 m yb = 0.8 m
28
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100
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0 0
50
0
900
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Deck Slab RECT 0.32667 0.21 1 0.0686 0.105 0 0.00061 0.02556

Haunch TRIAN 0.01333 0.1 2 0.00133 0.24333 0 1.3E-08 0.00029
RECT 0.12 0.1 1 0.012 0.26 0 1.4E-05 0.00247
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.335 0 0.00304 0.00642
WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 1.11 0 1E-06 0.01037
Total 0.20193 0.71235 0 0.0067 0.10699
A = 0.20193 m2 yt = 0.71235 m rz = 0.7279 m

IZ = 0.10699 m4 yb = 1.19765 m ry = 0.18216 m
Iy = 0.0067 m4
29
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 0.8 0 1E-06 0.00563
Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597
A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

4
IZ = 0.0597 m yb = 0.8 m ry = 0.22502 m
4
Iy = 0.00608 m
yt = 1.11 m yb = 0.8 m
4) Outer Girder at L/8

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30
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Deck Slab RECT 0.32667 0.21 1 0.0686 0.105 0 0.00061 0.02556

Haunch TRIAN 0.01333 0.1 2 0.00133 0.24333 0 1.3E-08 0.00029
RECT 0.12 0.1 1 0.012 0.26 0 1.4E-05 0.00247
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.335 0 0.00304 0.00642
WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 1.11 0 1E-06 0.01037
Total 0.20193 0.71235 0 0.0067 0.10699
A = 0.20193 m2 yt = 0.71235 m rz = 0.7279 m

IZ = 0.10699 m4 yb = 1.19765 m ry = 0.18216 m
Iy = 0.0067 m4
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 0.8 0 1E-06 0.00563
Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597
A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

IZ = 0.0597 m4 yb = 0.8 m ry = 0.22502 m
Iy = 0.00608 m4
yt = 1.11 m yb = 0.8 m
Properties composite Length udl

Long_girder A Ix Iy Iz yt yb m t/m
Mid span 0.20193 1E-10 0.0067 0.10699 0.71235 1.19765 8.75 1.58518
3L/8 0.20193 1E-10 0.0067 0.10699 0.71235 1.19765 8.75 1.58518
2L/8 0.20193 1E-10 0.0067 0.10699 0.71235 1.19765 8.75 1.58518
L/8 0.20193 1E-12 0.0067 0.10699 0.71235 1.19765 9.7 1.58518
31
Properties Steel Length udl
Mid span 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8 8.75 0.942
3L/8 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8 8.75 0.942
2L/8 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8 8.75 0.942
L/8 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8 9.7 0.942
Short term properties for inner Girder

Modular ratio = 7.5
1) Inner Girder at mid span

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50
0
900
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Deck Slab RECT 0.32667 0.22 1 0.07187 0.11 0 0.00064 0.02624

Haunch TRIAN 0.01333 0.1 2 0.00133 0.25333 0 1.3E-08 0.00028
RECT 0.12 0.1 1 0.012 0.27 0 1.4E-05 0.00234
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.345 0 0.00304 0.00604
WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 1.12 0 1E-06 0.01065
Total 0.2052 0.71093 0 0.00673 0.10865
A = 0.2052 m2 yt = 0.71093 m rz = 0.72764 m

IZ = 0.10865 m4 yb = 1.20907 m ry = 0.18109 m
Iy = 0.00673 m4
32
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 0.8 0 1E-06 0.00563
Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597
A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

IZ = 0.0597 m4 yb = 0.8 m ry = 0.22502 m
Iy = 0.00608 m4
yt = 1.12 m yb = 0.8 m

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900
33
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Deck Slab RECT 0.32667 0.22 1 0.07187 0.11 0 0.00064 0.02624

Haunch TRIAN 0.01333 0.1 2 0.00133 0.25333 0 1.3E-08 0.00028
RECT 0.12 0.1 1 0.012 0.27 0 1.4E-05 0.00234
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.345 0 0.00304 0.00604
WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 1.12 0 1E-06 0.01065
Total 0.2052 0.71093 0 0.00673 0.10865
A = 0.2052 m2 yt = 0.71093 m rz = 0.72764 m

IZ = 0.10865 m4 yb = 1.20907 m ry = 0.18109 m
Iy = 0.00673 m4
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 0.8 0 1E-06 0.00563
Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597
A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

4
IZ = 0.0597 m yb = 0.8 m ry = 0.22502 m
4
Iy = 0.00608 m
yt = 1.12 m yb = 0.8 m
34
2450
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220 900
100
50
100
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0
0 0
50
0
900
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Deck Slab RECT 0.32667 0.22 1 0.07187 0.11 0 0.00064 0.02624

Haunch TRIAN 0.01333 0.1 2 0.00133 0.25333 0 1.3E-08 0.00028
RECT 0.12 0.1 1 0.012 0.27 0 1.4E-05 0.00234
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.345 0 0.00304 0.00604
WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 1.12 0 1E-06 0.01065
Total 0.2052 0.71093 0 0.00673 0.10865
A = 0.2052 m2 yt = 0.71093 m rz = 0.72764 m

IZ = 0.10865 m4 yb = 1.20907 m ry = 0.18109 m
Iy = 0.00673 m4
35
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 0.8 0 1E-06 0.00563
Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597
A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

4
IZ = 0.0597 m yb = 0.8 m ry = 0.22502 m
Iy = 0.00608 m4
yt = 1.12 m yb = 0.8 m
4) Inner Girder at L/8

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36
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Deck Slab RECT 0.32667 0.22 1 0.07187 0.11 0 0.00064 0.02624
Haunch TRIAN 0.01333 0.1 2 0.00133 0.25333 0 1.3E-08 0.00028
RECT 0.12 0.1 1 0.012 0.27 0 1.4E-05 0.00234
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.345 0 0.00304 0.00604
WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 1.12 0 1E-06 0.01065
Total 0.2052 0.71093 0 0.00673 0.10865
A = 0.2052 m2 yt = 0.71093 m rz = 0.72764 m

IZ = 0.10865 m4 yb = 1.20907 m ry = 0.18109 m
Iy = 0.00673 m4
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

WEB RECT 0.02 1.5 1 0.03 0.8 0 1E-06 0.00563
Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597
A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

4
IZ = 0.0597 m yb = 0.8 m ry = 0.22502 m
Iy = 0.00608 m4
yt = 1.12 m yb = 0.8 m
Properties composite Length udl
Mid span 0.2052 1E-10 0.00673 0.10865 0.71093 1.20907 8.75 1.61082
3L/8 0.2052 1E-10 0.00673 0.10865 0.71093 1.20907 8.75 1.61082
2L/8 0.2052 1E-10 0.00673 0.10865 0.71093 1.20907 8.75 1.61082
L/8 0.2052 1E-12 0.00673 0.10865 0.71093 1.20907 9.7 1.61082
Properties Steel Length udl

Mid span 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8 8.75 0.942
3L/8 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8 8.75 0.942
2L/8 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8 8.75 0.942
L/8 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8 9.7 0.942
37
CROSS GIRDER
1) Cross girder
m m mm2 m m m4 m4
Top flange RECT 0.3 0.022 1 0.0066 0.011 0 5E-05 0.00411

WEB RECT 0.022 1.544 1 0.03397 0.794 0 1.4E-06 0.00675
Bottom flange-3 RECT 0.3 0.022 1 0.0066 1.577 0 5E-05 0.00398
Total 0.04717 0.794 0 0.0001 0.01484
A = 0.04717 m2 yt = 0.794 m rz = 0.56097 m

4
IZ = 0.01484 m yb = 0.794 m ry = 0.04613 m
Iy = 0.0001 m4
yt = 1.016 m yb = 0.894 m
38
Classification of end cross girder
e = ( 250 / fy ) 1/2
fy = 240 MPa
e = 1.02062
For unequal flanges

d t fyw
0 + 0 = 0 -ve means tension
f1 = -32.633 N/mm2
f2 = 32.6333 N/mm2 Bending stresses at top and bottom of end cross girder
2 fyw 480

Outstanding of compression flange= b/tf or b/bf <= 8.4 e <= 9.4 e <= 13.6
b/tf <= 8.57321 <= 9.59383 <= 13.8804
1+r1 1+r1 1+2r2
>= 42e
42.8661
d/tw <= 85.7321 <= 107.165 <= 128.598
b/tf = 6.31818 Class-1(Plastic)

d/tw = 70.1818 Class-1(Plastic)
b/bf = 6.31818 Class-1(Plastic)
Section classification = Class-1(Plastic)
39
LOADS & FORCES
Girder Self weight :
Self weight of a Girder = 33.8649 tonne

= (0.942*0.475+(0.942+0.942)*0.5*1.528+(0.942+0.942)*0.5*2.847+ (0.942+0.942)
*4.375+(0.942+0.942)*0.5*4.375+(0.942+0.942)*0.5*4.375)*2
Deck slab Load over Inner Girder = 1.5977 t/m
Deck slab Load over Outer Girder = 1.74785 t/m
Self weight of Girder :

Dist 0 0.475 2.003 4.85 9.225 13.6 17.975
UDL 0.942 0.942 0.942 0.942 0.942 0.942 0.942
Load 0.44745 1.43938 2.68187 4.12125 4.12125 4.12125
Load cg 0.2375 1.239 3.4265 7.0375 11.4125 15.7875
Reaction = 16.9325
BM -0.1063 23.9831 63.0004 108.077 135.122 144.137
SF 16.485 15.0456 12.3638 8.2425 4.12125 0
Deck slab outer girder UDL = 1.74785

Reaction = 31.4176 =1.7479*(0.475+4.375+4.375+4.375+4.375)
BM -0.1972 44.4999 116.895 200.532 250.715 267.442
SF 30.5874 27.9167 22.9405 15.2937 7.64684 0
BM=-0.1972=31.418*(0.475-0.475)-1.7479*0.475^2/2 ; SF=30.5874=31.418 -1.7479 *0.475
40
Deck slab Inner girder UDL = 1.5977
Reaction = 28.7187
BM at sections
-0.1802 40.6771 106.853 183.306 229.177 244.468
27.9598 25.5185 20.9698 13.9799 6.98994 0
SIDL calculation :
1) Wearing course used as floor load:
Thickness of wearing course = 0.5 mm
Weight / m2=0.5/1000*2.2 = 0.0011 t/m2 Say 0.2 t/m2
* Wearing course is rounded off to 0.2t/m2 for any future overlay.
2) Crash barrier :
41
X-Sectional Area
= (175+254.41)/2 x 500 = 107353 mm2
+ (254.41+444.12)/2 x 250 = 87316.2 mm2
+ (444.12+450)/2 x 100 = 44705.9 mm2
Total = = 239375 mm2
= 0.23938 m2
Weight of crash barrier per m / run=0.2394*2.5 = 0.59844 t/m

Steel pipe = 0.25 t/m *(Assumed)
Crash barrier with steel pipe=0.59844+0.25 = 0.84844 t/m say 1 t/m
3) SAFETY KERB/ FOOTPATH :
Area of safety barrier/Footpath=1.35*0.3 = 0.405 m2

Weight of safety barrier/Footpath=0.3*2.5 = 0.75 t/m width/ running m
Weight of safety barrier/Footpath = 1.0125 t/ running m
42
SUMMARY OF FORCES
Effective Span = 35 m
Impact factor (Class A) = 0.18557=MAX(9/(13.5+35),0.154)
Impact factor (Class 70R) = 0.18557=MAX(IF(35<23,0.25,9/(13.5+35)),0.154)
1) Summery of Bending Moment over Outer Girder
Section At ® Action c/L Brg. deff splice Splice L/2

Distances from C/L brg ® From both
S.N. Load discription ¯ bearings of a 0 0 5.83 8.75 11.7 14.5
girder
1 Steel Girder Selfweight (Outer/ Inner) 0 109.55 156.5 210.6 246.1 260.5
2 Steel Girder Selfweight (Outer/ Inner) x1.15 0 125.983 179.975 242.19 283.015 299.575
3 Green concrete Over Outer Girder 0 164.71 235.3 316.4 369.8 391.5
4 SIDL 0 20.027 28.61 37.35 43.5 46.44
5 Surfacing 0 7.007 10.01 13.47 15.75 16.66
Summery of Forces due to Live Load (Without Impact Factor)

6 Live Load Class 70R 0 21.41 77.35 79.86 85.24 105.7
7 Live Load Class 70R 0 21.41 77.35 79.86 85.24 105.7
Summery of Forces due to Live Load (With Impact Factor)
5a Live Load Class 70R 0 25.383 91.7036 94.6794 101.058 125.314 13
8 Governing Live Load 0 25.383 91.7036 94.6794 101.058 125.314 13
9 Permanent Load + SIDL+ LL 0 343.109 545.599 704.089 813.123 879.489 93
2) Summery of Bending Moment over Inner Girder

Member No. (String Model)
Member No. (Grillage Model)
Section At ® Action c/L Brg. deff splice 0 Splice 0 L/2
Distances from C/L brg ® 0 0 0 10.4 0 15.39
S.N. Load discription ¯ From both bearings of a girder
0 0 5.42 8.43 13.42 18.23
1 Steel Girder Selfweight (Outer/ Inner) 0 109.55 156.5 210.6 246.1 260.5
2 Steel Girder Selfweight (Outer/ Inner) x1.15 0 125.983 179.975 242.19 283.015 299.575
3 Green concrete Over iNNERGirder x1.15 0 164.71 235.3 316.4 369.8 391.5
4 SIDL x1.15 0 20.027 28.61 37.35 43.5 46.44
5 Surfacing x1.15 0 7.007 10.01 13.47 15.75 16.66

6 Live Load Class 70R 0 21.41 77.35 79.86 85.24 105.7
7 Live Load Class A 2 Lane 0 21.41 77.35 79.86 85.24 105.7
6a Live Load Class A 2 Lane 0 25.383 91.7036 94.6794 101.058 125.314 13
8 Governing Live Load Composite 0 25.383 91.7036 94.6794 101.058 125.314 13
9 Permanent Load + SIDL+ LL 0 343.109 545.599 704.089 813.123 879.489 93
43
3) Summery of Shear Force
Section At ® Action c/L Brg. deff splice 0 Splice 0 L/2

Distances from C/L brg ® From both
S.N. Load discription ¯ bearings of a 0 0 5.83 8.75 11.7 14.5
girder
1 Steel Girder Selfweight (Outer/ Inner) 50.094 45.54 28.68 26.53 20.5 11.02
2 Steel Girder Selfweight (Outer/ Inner) 57.6081 52.371 32.982 30.5095 23.575 12.673
3 Green concrete Over Outer Girder 75.273 68.43 43.11 39.87 30.81 16.57
4 SIDL 10.6623 9.693 5.242 3.76 3.29 2.073
5 Surfacing 3.2109 2.919 1.831 1.694 1.308 0.7007

6 Live Load Class 70R 89 24.37 14.9 14.9 12.43 11.94
7 Live Load Class 70R 89 24.37 14.9 14.9 12.43 11.94
6a Live Load Class 70R 105.515 28.8923 17.6649 17.6649 14.7366 14.1557 13
7a Live Load Class 70R 105.515 28.8923 17.6649 17.6649 14.7366 14.1557 13
8 Governing Live Load Composite 105.515 28.8923 17.6649 17.6649 14.7366 14.1557 13
9 Permanent Load + SIDL+ LL 252.27 162.305 100.83 93.4984 73.7196 46.1724 22
44
SUMMERY OF BENDING MOMENT OVER OUTER GIRDER
Section At unit c/L Brg. deff splice 0 Splice 0 L/2

Dist. From c/L brg. m 0 0 5.83 8.75 11.7 14.5 17.5 L
Steel Girder Selfweight (Outer/ Inner) Tm 0 125.9825 179.975 242.19 283.015 299.575 319.355
Green concrete Over Outer Girder Tm 0 164.71 235.3 316.4 369.8 391.5 417.4
SIDL Tm 0 20.027 28.61 37.35 43.5 46.44 49.87
Surfacing Tm 0 7.007 10.01 13.47 15.75 16.66 17.76
FP LL Tm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Liveload (Outer) Tm 25.38299 91.7036 94.6794 101.058 125.314 132.784
Factored Loads & forces for Capcaity check (ULS
Factored Bending Moment
LC-1 Basic Comb Tm 469.8081 754.318 970.111 1119.17 1212.77 1292.2
Factored Bending Moment (LL range for Fatigue)
LC-1 Basic Comb Tm 38.07448 137.555 142.019 151.587 187.972 199.175
2) Summery of Shear force over Outer Girder

Section At unit c/L Brg. deff splice 0 Splice 0 L/2
Dist. From c/L brg. m 0 0 5.83 8.75 11.7 14.5 17.5 L
Steel Girder Selfweight (Outer/ Inner) T 57.6081 52.371 32.982 30.5095 23.575 12.673 0
Green concrete Over Outer Girder T 75.273 68.43 43.11 39.87 30.81 16.57 8.182
SIDL T 10.6623 9.693 5.242 3.76 3.29 2.073 1.103
Surfacing T 3.2109 2.919 1.831 1.694 1.308 0.7007 0.3436
FP LL T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Liveload T 105.51546 28.89227 17.6649 17.6649 14.7366 14.1557 13.1242
Factored Shear force
LC-1 Basic Comb Tm 357.67586 224.6136 139.503 129.55 102.255 64.7363 32.8224
45
CHECK FOR TORSIONAL BUCKLING RESISTANCE
(CONSTRUCTION STAGE-GIRDER LAUNCHING)
f LT = 0.5 *( 1+aLT ( l LT - 0.2) + lLT2)

a LT = 0.21 for rolled section
0.49 for welded section
bb = 1 for plastic and compact section
= Ze/ Zp for semi compact section
Zp = Plastic sectional modulus about compression flange
E = 200000 Mpa
fy = 240 Mpa
γm = 1.1
hf = Center to center distance of flange
tf = Thickness of top flange
LLT = Effective length for lateral tortional buckling
Mcr = Elastic lateral buckling moment
l LT = Non-dimentional slenderness ratio
l LT = Ö bb Zp fy / Mcr
Mp = Zp *fy /ym
gm = 1.1
Mp = Plastic bending moment
Zp = A/2 (y1 + y2)
Ze = I/y
46
Properties of steel girder outer
Properties Steel
A (in mm2) 120000 120000 120000 120000
Ix (in mm4)
Iy (in mm4) 6076000000 6076000000 6076000000 6076000000
Iz (in mm4) 59700000000 59700000000 59700000000 5970000000
yt (in mm ) 800 800 800 800
yb (in mm ) 800 800 800 800
ry (in mm ) 225.0185178 225.0185178 225.0185178 225.018517
rz (in mm ) 705.336799 705.336799 705.336799 705.336799
Class of compression flange Class-2(Compact) Class-2(Compact) Class-2(Compact) Class-2(Comp
Class of web Class-1(Plastic) Class-1(Plastic) Class-1(Plastic) Class-1(Plasti
Class of section Class-2(Compact) Class-2(Compact) Class-2(Compact) Class-2(Comp
Type of connection Welded section Welded section Welded section Welded sec
a LT 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49
Ze 74625000 74625000 74625000 74625000
Zp 96000000 96000000 96000000 96000000
bb 1 1 1 1
hf 1550 1550 1550 1550
tf 50 50 50 50
LLT 38440 38440 38440 38440
47
Properties of steel girder inner
Properties Steel
A (in mm2) 120000 120000 120000 120000
Ix (in mm4)
Iy (in mm4) 6076000000 6076000000 6076000000 6076000000
Iz (in mm4) 59700000000 59700000000 59700000000 59700000000
yt (in mm ) 800 800 800 800
yb (in mm ) 800 800 800 800
ry (in mm ) 225.0185178 225.0185178 225.0185178 225.0185178
rz (in mm ) 705.336799 705.336799 705.336799 705.336799
Class of section Class-2(Compact) Class-2(Compact) Class-2(Compact) Class-2(Compact)
Type of connection Welded section Welded section Welded section Welded section
a LT 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49
Ze 74625000 74625000 74625000 74625000
Zp 96000000 96000000 96000000 96000000
bb 1 1 1 1
hf 1550 1550 1550 1550
tf 50 50 50 50
LLT 38440 38440 38440 38440
Elastic critical moment of a section symmetrical about minor axis
From Table C.1 For simply supported conditions

Kw = 1 (Warping Restraint factor)
K = 1 (Effective length factor)
c1 = 1.132
c2 = 0.459 (Factors depending upon the loading and end restraint
c3 = 0.525 conditions)
distance between shear center and point of
yg = -0.1276 mm load = (-800+(774.87+50/2))
G= = 77000 Mpa modulus of rigidity = 0.77*10^5
48
Calculations of shear center
P = force at shear center

V1 = shear force at upper flange of the section
V2 = shear force at lower flange of the section
The max shear flow in the lower flange of the section
= VAz/Iy where V=P
= Px 22500 x 225
6.1E+09
= 0.00083 P
Since the shear flows varies parabolically in the flanges
2 x 900 x 0.00083 P
= 3
= 0.49992 P
Taking moments about a point on the line of the action of V1
Pe = V2h = 0.49992 P x 1550
e = 774.872 mm
The warping constant

Iw = (1- bf) bf Iyhy2
Ifc = Moments of inertia of the compression flanges
Ift = Moments of inertia of the tension flanges
Ifc = 3E+09 mm^4
Ift = 3E+09 mm^4
hy = distance between shear centers of the two flanges
= 1550 mm
bf = Ifc = 0.5
Ifc+Ift
Iw = 3.6E+15 mm^6
For plane flanges
Yj = 0.8(2 bf - 1)hy/2.0 (when bf>0.5)
= 1.0(2 bf - 1)hy/2.0 (when bf<=0.5) = 0
49
Torsional constant
It = 900 x 125000 + 1500 x 8000
3 3
+ 900 x 125000
3
= 7.9E+07 mm^4
Mcr = 9178817 x( 1162.25 - 0.0585 )

= 1.1E+10 Nmm
Mp= 20945454545=1*96000000*240/1.1
l LT= 1.469559248=SQRT(1*96000000*240/1E+10)
f LT= 1.890844208=0.5*(1+0.49*(1.890844208-0.2)+ 1.890844208^2)
XLT= 0.324604623=MIN(1/(1.890844208+(1.890844208^2-1.469559248^2)^0.5),1)
Mpl(buckl)= (N-mm) 6798991382=0.324604623*20945454545
Mpl(buckl)= (t-m) 679.8991382=6798991382/10^7
Design bending moment(SWt.)= 431.12925
Design bending moment OK [431.12925<=679.8991382]
50
CHECK FOR TORSIONAL BUCKLING RESISTANCE
(CONSTRUCTION STAGE-DECK CASTING)
f LT = 0.5 *( 1+aLT ( l LT - 0.2) + lLT2)

E = 200000 Mpa
fy = 240 Mpa
gm = 1.1

l LT = Non-dimensional slenderness ratio
Mp = Zp *fy /ym
gm = 1.1
Zp = A/2 (y1 + y2)
Ze = I/y
51
Properties of steel girder outer
Properties Steel
2
A (in mm ) 120000 120000 120000 120000
4
Ix (in mm )
Iy (in mm4) 6076000000 6076000000 6076000000 6076000000
4
Iz (in mm ) 59700000000 59700000000 59700000000 59700000000
yt (in mm ) 800 800 800 800
yb (in mm ) 800 800 800 800
ry (in mm ) 225.0185178 225.0185178 225.0185178 225.0185178
rz (in mm ) 705.336799 705.336799 705.336799 705.336799
a LT 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49
Ze 74625000 74625000 74625000 74625000
Zp 96000000 96000000 96000000 96000000
bb 1 1 1 1
hf 1550 1550 1550 1550
tf 50 50 50 50
LLT 9800 9800 9800 9800
52
Properties of steel girder inner
Properties Steel
A (in mm2) 120000 120000 120000 120000
Ix (in mm4)
Iy (in mm4) 6076000000 6076000000 6076000000 6076000000
Iz (in mm4) 59700000000 59700000000 59700000000 59700000000
yt (in mm ) 800 800 800 800
yb (in mm ) 800 800 800 800
ry (in mm ) 225.0185178 225.0185178 225.0185178 225.0185178
rz (in mm ) 705.336799 705.336799 705.336799 705.336799
a LT 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49
Ze 74625000 74625000 74625000 74625000
Zp 96000000 96000000 96000000 96000000
bb 1 1 1 1
hf 1550 1550 1550 1550
tf 50 50 50 50
LLT 9800 9800 9800 9800

c1 = 1.132
c2 = 0.459 (Factors depending upon the loading and end
c3 = 0.525 restraint conditions)
yg = -0.1276 mm distance between shear center and point of load
G= = 77000 Mpa modulus of rigidity
53
Calculations of shear center

The max shear flow in the lower flange of the section
= VAz/Iy where V=P

= P x 22500 x 225
6.1E+09
= 0.00083 P

2 x 900 x 0.00083 P
= 3
= 0.49992 P
Pe = V2h = 0.49992 P x 1550

e = 774.872 mm
54
Ifc = 3E+09 mm^4
Ift = 3E+09 mm^4
= 1550 mm
bf = Ifc = 0.5
Ifc+Ift
Iw = 3.6E+15 mm^6
For plane flanges
Yj = 0.8(2 bf - 1)hy/2.0 (when bf>0.5)
= 1.0(2 bf - 1)hy/2.0 (when bf<=0.5)
= 0
Torsional constant
It = 900 x 125000 + 1500 x 8000
3 3
+ 900 x 125000
3
= 7.9E+07 mm^4
Mcr = 1.4E+08 x( 805.844 - 0.0585 )

= 1.1E+11 n-mm
Mp 20945454545
l LT 0.44993445
f LT 0.662454445
XLT 0.870572586
Mpl(buckl) (N-mm) 18234538528
Mpl(buckl) (t-m) 1823.453853
Design BM(SWt+Green Conc..) 994.61925
Design bending moment OK
55
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE
Ultimate Limit state Checks for OUTER Girder
Class of section used = Class-2(Compact)
1) Local Buckeling Check by Limiting Width to thickness ratio.
a) Out-standing Flange Element
b/tf <= 9.4 e
= 9.59383
e = ( 250 / fy ) 1/2
fy = 240 MPa
e = 1.02062
b/tf = 8.8 OK
b) web
d/tw <= 105 e
= 107.165
d/tw = 75 OK
2) Effective Width of Concrete Slab

a) For inner beam 7.5
beff = Lo/4 <= (B1 + B2)/2
Lo/4 = 8750 m
(B1 + B2)/2 = 2450 m
beff = 2450 m
b) For outer beam

beff = Lo/8 + X
B/2 = 1225 mm
Lo/8 <= B/2
X <= B/2
Lo/8 = 1225 mm
X = 1225 mm
beff = 2450 mm
56
3) Position of plastic neutral axis
ds = Overall depth of concrete slab=210mm
gm = Material safty factor for structure steel=1.1
fck = 35 Mpa
As = Cross sectional area of steel beam of a composite section
Af = Area of top flange of steel beam of composite section
d= Overall depth of concrete slab + depth of hunch
D =210+100 = 310 mm
bw = Width of
hunch = 900 mm
a = fy/gm = 218.182 = 17.316
0.36(fck) 12.6
beff ds = 514500 mm2
ds/d = 0.67742
dbw = 279000 mm2
1.24(beff-bw)ds = 403620 mm2
0.81(beff-bw)ds = 263655 mm2
0.19(beff-bw)d = 91295 mm2
As Af a. As 2a.Af beff ds + 2a.Af aAs - 1.24(beff-bw)ds Position of N.A.

4L/8 120000 45000 2077922 1558442 2072941.558 1674302.078 web
3L/8 120000 45000 2077922 1558442 2072941.558 1674302.078 web
2L/8 120000 45000 2077922 1558442 2072941.558 1674302.078 web
L/8 120000 45000 2077922 1558442 2072941.558 1674302.078 web
deff. 120000 45000 2077922 1558442 2072941.558 1674302.078 web
4L/8 : As=0.12*10^6 ; Af= 0.045*10^6 ; a. As=17.316*120000 ; 2a.Af=2*17.316*45000 ;
beff ds + 2a.Af=514500+1558442 ; aAs - 1.24(beff-bw)ds=2077922-403620
Neutral Axis Formula FOR Xu

a.(As - 2Af) - bw.d -0.19d.(beff-bw) - 0.81ds.(beff - bw)
4L/8 xu = ds + tf + 2a.tw
L/8 xu = ds + tf + 2a.tw
deff. xu = 2a.tw
57
Neutral Axis Formula
a. As 2a.Af tf 2atw 2abf Xu
4L/8 xu = 2077922 1558442 50 692.641 31168.8 194.735
3L/8 xu = 2077922 1558442 50 692.641 31168.8 194.735
2L/8 xu = 2077922 1558442 50 692.641 31168.8 194.735
L/8 xu = 2077922 1558442 50 692.641 31168.8 194.735
deff. xu = 2077922 1558442 50 692.641 31168.8 194.735
Ultimate Limit state Checks for OUTER Girder

4) Moment resistance
tw = thickness of web of steel section

= 20 mm
bf = Width of top flange of steel section
tf = Average thk. of top flange of steel section.
dc = vertical distance b/w centriod of concrete slab and steel beam in a composite section.
compression
concrete
N A
compression steel
Tension

4L/8 xu = a.(As - 2Af) - bw.d -0.19d.(beff-bw) - 0.81ds.(beff - bw)
L/8 xu = a.(As - 2Af) - bw.d -0.19d.(beff-bw) - 0.81ds.(beff - bw)
deff. xu = a.(As - 2Af) - bw.d -0.19d.(beff-bw) - 0.81ds.(beff - bw)
As.fy 2Af.fy fckbw bf dc tw d ds Mp Mu Result

4L/8 2.9E+07 2.2E+07 31500 900 1005 20 310 210 2267.39 1292.2 OK
3L/8 2.9E+07 2.2E+07 31500 900 1005 20 310 210 2267.39 1212.77 OK
2L/8 2.9E+07 2.2E+07 31500 900 1005 20 310 210 2267.39 1119.17 OK
L/8 2.9E+07 2.2E+07 31500 900 1005 20 310 210 2267.39 970.111 OK
deff. 2.9E+07 2.2E+07 31500 900 1005 20 310 210 2267.39 754.318 OK
58
5) Check for Shear Capacity
Design Against Vertical Shear and its effect on plastic moment capacity
V <= Vd
Vd = Design shear strength
= Vn / gmo
Vn = Nominal plastic shear resistance under pure shear
gmo = Partial shear factor against failure(Clause 601.4)
The vertical shear force is assumed to be resisted by the web of the steel section only unless the value for a
contribution for the reinforced concrete part has been established. The nominal shear strength, Vn may be
governed by plastic shear resistance or strength of the web as governed by shear buckling.
5.1 Plastic Shear resistance
Vn = Vp
Vp = Av . f yw
Ö3
Av = Shear Area
Av about major axis of bending = h.tw
= 30000 mm2
f yw = 240 Mpa
gmo = 1.1 partial safety factor
Plastic Shear resistance at different sections

d tw Av Vp Vn
4L/8 1500 20 30000 423.743 423.743
3L/8 1500 20 30000 423.743 423.743
2L/8 1500 20 30000 423.743 423.743
L/8 1500 20 30000 423.743 423.743
deff. 1500 20 30000 423.743 423.743
4L/8: Vp= 30000*240/(SQRT(3)*(9.81*10^3))
59
5.2 Shear buckling resistance
a) Simple post-critical method
Used for webs of I-section girders, with or without intermediate transverse
stiffener, provided that the web has transverse stiffeners at the supports.
Vn = Vcr
Vcr = Shear force corresponding to web buckling
Vcr = Av* tb
Av = Shear Area
= 30000 mm2
tb = shear stress corresponding to web buckling determined as follows
= fyw / Ö3 for lw <= 0.8
= [ 1 -0.8 (lw - 0.8)] (fyw / Ö3) for 0.8 < lw < 1.2
= fyw / Ö3 / lw2 for lw >= 1.2
lw = Non-dimensional web slenderness ratio for shear buckling stress, given by

lw = Ö fyw / Ö3 / tcr,e
tcr,e = Elastic critical shear stress of web
= Kv p2 E
12 ( 1- m2) ( d / tw )2
m = poisson's ratio = 0.3
Kv = 5.35 when transverse stiffners are provided only at support
= 4 + 5.35 / (c/d)2 for c/d < 1
2
= 5.35 + 4 / (c/d) for c/d >= 1
where, c & d are the spacing of transverse stiffeners and depth of web respectively
c = 1500 mm
d = 1500 mm
c/d = 1
Kv = 9.35 =IF(1<1,4+5.35/1^2,5.35+4/1^2)
E = Modulus of elasticity of structural steel
= 200000 Mpa
tcr,e =300.467 Mpa =9.35*PI()^2*200000/12/(1-0.3^2)/ (75^2)
=0.67909 =SQRT(240/SQRT(3)/300.467)
tb = 138.564 Mpa
=IF(0.67909<0.8,240/SQRT(3),IF(0.67909>=1.2,240/SQRT(3)/ 0.67909^2,(1-0.8*(0.67909-0.8))*240/SQRT(3)))
Vcr = Av* tb
= 423.743 Tonne
Vn = Vcr
= 423.743 Tonne
60
Plastic Shear resistance at different secions
d c/d Kv tw tcr,e lw tb Av Vcr Vn
4L/8 1500 1 9.35 20 300.467 0.67909 138.564 30000 423.743 423.743
3L/8 1500 1 9.35 20 300.467 0.67909 138.564 30000 423.743 423.743
2L/8 1500 1 9.35 20 300.467 0.67909 138.564 30000 423.743 423.743
L/8 1500 1 9.35 20 300.467 0.67909 138.564 30000 423.743 423.743
deff. 1500 1 9.35 20 300.467 0.67909 138.564 30000 423.743 423.743
Shear Capacity of section

Vn = min ( Vp , Vcr)
Vd = Vn / gmo
Vp Vcr Vn gmo Vd V Result

4L/8 423.743 423.743 423.743 1.1 385.221 16.4331 OK
3L/8 423.743 423.743 423.743 1.1 385.221 48.059 OK
2L/8 423.743 423.743 423.743 1.1 385.221 84.9073 OK
L/8 423.743 423.743 423.743 1.1 385.221 120.364 OK
deff. 423.743 423.743 423.743 1.1 385.221 189.294 OK
6) Reduction in bending resistance under high shear force

(Refer clause 603.5.3.3 of IRC-22-2008)
If V is less than 0.6Vd there is no reduction in the plastic bending resistance of the section but when
V>0.6vd the bending resistance of the section is reduced as the contribution of web to bending gets
dismisshed.
Mdv = Md - b (Md- Mfd) <= 1.2 ze fy /gm0

Where b = ( 2 V/Vd -1)
Md = Plastic design moment of the whole section disregarding high shear
force effect considering web buckling effect.
Mfd = Plastic design strength of the area of cross section excluding the shear
area considering partial safety factor gm0
Ze = Elastic section modulus of whole section
Calculation of Mfd
Recalculation of position of plastic neutral axis neglecting the web of girder
Effective Width of Concrete Slab
a) For inner beam
beff = Lo/4 <= (B1 + B2)/2
Lo/4 = 8750 m
(B1 + B2)/2 = 2450 m
beff = 2450 m
61
b) For outer beam
beff = Lo/8 + X
B/2 = 1225 mm
Lo/8 <= B/2
X <= B/2
Lo/8 = 1225 mm
X = 1225 mm
beff = 2450 mm
ds = Overall depth of concrete slab = 210 mm

gm = Material safety factor for structure steel = 1.1
fck = 35 Mpa
As = Cross sectional area of steel beam of a composite section
Af = Area of top flange of steel beam of composite section
d= Overall depth of concrete slab + depth of hunch
d = 310 mm
bw= Width of
hunch = 900 mm
tw = thickness of web of steel section
= 20 mm
dw = depth of web of steel section
1500 mm
a = fy/gm = 218.182 = 17.316
0.36(fck) 12.6
beff ds = 514500 mm2
ds/d = 0.67742
dbw = 279000 mm2
1.24(beff-bw)ds = 403620 mm2
0.81(beff-bw)ds = 263655 mm2
0.19(beff-bw)d = 91295 mm2
As Af a. As 2a.Af beff ds + 2a.Af aAs - 1.24(beff-bw)ds Position of N.A.

4L/8 90000 45000 1558442 1558442 2072941.558 1154821.558 steel flange
3L/8 90000 45000 1558442 1558442 2072941.558 1154821.558 steel flange
2L/8 90000 45000 1558442 1558442 2072941.558 1154821.558 steel flange
L/8 90000 45000 1558442 1558442 2072941.558 1154821.558 steel flange
deff. 90000 45000 1558442 1558442 2072941.558 1154821.558 steel flange
62
a.As - bw.d - 0.19d.(beff-bw)- 0.81ds.(beff - bw)
4L/8 xu = d + 2a.bf
3L/8 xu = d + 2a.bf
2L/8 xu = d + 2a.bf
L/8 xu = d + 2a.bf
deff. xu = 2a.bf
Neutral Axis Formula

a. As 2a.Af tf 2atw 2abf Xu
4L/8 xu = 1558442 1558442 50 0 31168.8 339.661
3L/8 xu = 1558442 1558442 50 0 31168.8 339.661
2L/8 xu = 1558442 1558442 50 0 31168.8 339.661
L/8 xu = 1558442 1558442 50 0 31168.8 339.661
deff. xu = 1558442 1558442 50 0 31168.8 339.661
Recalculation of Moment resistance neglecting the web of girder
tw = Thickness of web of steel section

= 0 mm (thickness of web not considered due to shear effect)
bf = Width of top flange of steel section
tf = Average thk. of top flange of steel section.
dc = vertical distance b/w centriod of concrete slab and steel beam in a composite section.
compression
concrete
N A
compression steel
Tension
63
4L/8 xu = a.As - bw.d - 0.19d.(beff-bw)- 0.81ds.(beff - bw)
L/8 xu = a.As - bw.d - 0.19d.(beff-bw)- 0.81ds.(beff - bw)
deff. xu = a.As - bw.d - 0.19d.(beff-bw)- 0.81ds.(beff - bw)
As.fy 2Af.fy fckbw bf dc tw d ds Mfd

4L/8 2.2E+07 2.2E+07 31500 900 1005 0 310 210 1743.32
3L/8 2.2E+07 2.2E+07 31500 900 1005 0 310 210 1743.32
2L/8 2.2E+07 2.2E+07 31500 900 1005 0 310 210 1743.32
L/8 2.2E+07 2.2E+07 31500 900 1005 0 310 210 1743.32
deff. 2.2E+07 2.2E+07 31500 900 1005 0 310 210 1743.32
1.2Zefy/g
V Vd V/Vd b Md Mfd Ze m Mdv Mu Result
32.822 385.22 2267.3 1743.3 0.1069 2267.3
4L/8 4 1 0.0852 0 9 2 9 2748.01 9 1292.2 OK
64.736 385.22 0.1680 2267.3 1743.3 0.1069 2267.3 1212.7
3L/8 3 1 5 0 9 2 9 2748.01 9 7 OK
102.25 385.22 0.2654 2267.3 1743.3 0.1069 2267.3 1119.1
2L/8 5 1 5 0 9 2 9 2748.01 9 7 OK
139.50 385.22 0.3621 2267.3 1743.3 0.1069 2267.3 970.11
L/8 3 1 4 0 9 2 9 2748.01 9 1 OK
224.61 385.22 0.5830 2267.3 1743.3 0.1069 2267.3 754.31
deff. 4 1 8 0 9 2 9 2748.01 9 8 OK
64
TRANSVERSE SHEAR CHECK
1 1
1 2 2 1
Shear plane - 1-1

Length of possible shear plane 1-1 = 210 mm
Depth of deck slab = 210 mm
Beff = 2450 mm
fck = M 35 MPa
fst yield stress of transverse reinforcement = 500 MPa
n = 1
Ast of deck bottom = 9.425 cm2
V = 224.614 t
A =210*2450/10^6 = 0.5145 m2
I = 0.0893 m4
Y =0.8626-210/2/1000 = 0.75557 m
m = 15
Shear force transferred per metre length=224.614*0.5145/15*0.7557/0.0893*10 VL = 651.886 kN/m
Effective VL =651.886*(2450/2+900/2)/2450 = 445.677 kN/m
(i) VL ≤ 0.632 L √ fck = 785.182 kN/m OK

or
(ii) VL ≤ 0.232 L √ fck + 0.1 Ast fst n = 759.481 kN/m OK
2
Amount of transverse steel in the bottom of slab >
2.5 VL cm /m
fst
2
9.425 cm /m > 1.87798 cm2/m
Ok ,Hence no transverse reinforcement required
65
Shear plane - 2-2
Length of possible shear plane 2-2 = 1100 mm
Depth of deck slab = 210 mm
Beff = 2450 mm
fck = M 35 MPa
fst yield stress of transverse reinforcement = 500 MPa
n = 2
Ast of deck bottom = 9.425 cm2
V = 224.614 t
A = 0.5145 m2
I = 0.0893 m4
y = 0.75557 m
m = 15
Shear force transferred per metre length VL = 651.886 kN/m
(i) VL ≤ 0.632 L √ fck = 4112.86 kN/m OK
or
(ii) VL ≤ 0.232 L √ fck + 0.1 Ast fst n = 2452.28 kN/m OK
Amount of transverse steel in the bottom of slab > 2.5 VL cm2/m
fst
2
9.425 cm /m > 3.25943 cm2/m
Ok ,Hence no transverse reinforcement required
66
SERVICIBILITY LIMIT STATE CHECKS
1) General
a) Effective width of span = 35 m
2) Design strength in Bending

a) Laterally support beam
Beam is assumed to be adequatly supported provided the compression flange has full lateral restrain
and nominal tortional restrain at support imparted by web cleats, partial depth end plates or
continuity with adequate span.
3) Dimension of web (Refer clause 509.6 of IRC-24-2010)

3.1) Minimum web thickness
ew = ( 250 / fy ) 1/2
fy = 240 MPa
ew = 1.02062
d = depth of web
= 1500 mm
tw = Thickness of web
= 20 mm
c = Spacing of transverse stiffner
= 1500 mm
b) When transverse stiffeners are provided Applicable

i) When 3d>=c>=d
d/tw <= 200 ew
75 <= 204.12 ok
ii) When 0.74d<=c<=d Not applicable

c/tw <= 200 ew
<= Not applicable
iii) When c < d Not applicable

d/tw <= 270 ew
<= Not applicable
iv) When c > 3d Not applicable Not applicable
67
c) When transverse and longitudinal stiffeners at one level are provided(0.2d from compression flange)
i) When 2.4d>=c>=d Not applicable
d/tw <= 250 ew
75 <= 255.16 ok
ii) When 0.74d<=c<=d 255.155181539914 Applicable
c/tw <= 250 ew
75 <= 255.155181539914 ok
iii) When c < 0.74d Not applicable
d/tw <= 340 ew
<= Not applicable
d) When second longitudinal stiffeners (located at neutral axis is provided.

d/tw <= 400 ew
75 <= 408.248 ok
3.2) Minimum web thickness to avoid compression flange buckling

ef = ( 250 / fy ) 1/2
fy = 240 MPa
ef = 1.02062
d = depth of web
= 1500 mm
= 20 mm
c = Spacing of transverse stiffner
= 1500 mm
a) When transverse stiffeners are not provided

d/tw <= 345 ef 2
75 <= 359.375 ok
b) When transverse stiffeners are provided

i) When c>=1.5d Not applicable
d/tw <= 345 ef 2
<= Not applicable
ii) When c<1.5d Applicable
d/tw <= 345 ef
75 <= 359.38 ok
68
3) Properties of girder
a) Short term Properties outer girder
Modular ratio = 7.5
Properties composite Steel

Long_girder A Iy Iz Ytop. Ybot. A Iy Iz Ytop. Ybot.
Mid span 0.20193 0.0067 0.10699 0.71235 1.19765 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
3L/8 0.20193 0.0067 0.10699 0.71235 1.19765 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
2L/8 0.20193 0.0067 0.10699 0.71235 1.19765 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
L/8 0.20193 0.0067 0.10699 0.71235 1.19765 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
deff. 0.20193 0.0067 0.10699 0.71235 1.19765 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
b) Short term Properties inner girder

Mid span 0.2052 0.00673 0.10865 0.71093 1.20907 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
3L/8 0.2052 0.00673 0.10865 0.71093 1.20907 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
2L/8 0.2052 0.00673 0.10865 0.71093 1.20907 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
L/8 0.2052 0.00673 0.10865 0.71093 1.20907 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
deff. 0.2052 0.00673 0.10865 0.71093 1.20907 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
c) Long term Properties outer girder

Modular ratio = 15
Mid span 0.16097 0.00615 0.0893 0.86057 1.04943 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
3L/8 0.16097 0.00615 0.0893 0.86057 1.04943 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
2L/8 0.16097 0.00615 0.0893 0.86057 1.04943 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
L/8 0.16097 0.00615 0.0893 0.86057 1.04943 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
deff. 0.16097 0.00615 0.0893 0.86057 1.04943 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
b) Long term Properties inner girder

Mid span 0.1626 0.00616 0.09051 0.86188 1.05812 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
3L/8 0.1626 0.00616 0.09051 0.86188 1.05812 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
2L/8 0.1626 0.00616 0.09051 0.86188 1.05812 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
L/8 0.1626 0.00616 0.09051 0.86188 1.05812 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
deff. 0.1626 0.00616 0.09051 0.86188 1.05812 0.12 0.00608 0.0597 0.8 0.8
69
3) Stress checks
Load Case 1(outer) Self weight

Type of girder Outer Girder
Type of property Long term
Type of action Only Girder (Refer clause 603.4.1 of IRC-22-2008)
Bending stop stop sbot Permi. Permi. Permi.

Distance moment IN.A ytop ybot (slab) (Girder) (Girder) sconcrete ssteel(top) ssteel Res
17.5 319.355 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 32.1723 43.6235 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
14.5 299.575 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 30.1797 40.9216 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
8.75 242.19 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 24.3986 33.0828 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
5.83 179.975 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 18.131 24.5844 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
deff 125.983 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 12.6917 17.209 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
Distance 17.5: stop (Girder)= 32.1723=319.36*(0.8-0.21)/0.0597/(9.81*10) ;
sbot (Girder)= 43.6235==319.36*0.8/0.0597/(9.81*10) ;
Load Case 2(outer) DECK

Type of action Only Girder
moment IN.A ytop ybot (slab) (Girder) (Girder) sconcrete ssteel(top) ssteel Resul
17.5 417.4 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 74.2218 100.64 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
14.5 391.5 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 69.62 94.4 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
8.75 316.4 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 56.2732 76.3027 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
5.83 235.3 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 41.8355 56.726 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
deff 164.71 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 29.2848 39.7082 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
Load Case 3(outer) SIDL+SURFACING

Type of action Composite
moment IN.A ytop ybot (slab) (Girder) (Girder) sconcrete ssteel(top) ssteel R
17.5 67.63 0.0893 0.86057 1.04943 0.44293 79.2445 108.742 11.6667 208.8 208.8 O
14.5 63.1 0.0893 0.86057 1.04943 0.41326 74.3062 101.959 11.6667 208.8 208.8 O
8.75 50.82 0.0893 0.86057 1.04943 0.33283 60.0474 82.3908 11.6667 208.8 208.8 O
5.83 38.62 0.0893 0.86057 1.04943 0.25293 44.7036 61.3526 11.6667 208.8 208.8 O
deff 27.034 0.0893 0.86057 1.04943 0.17705 31.2925 42.9468 11.6667 208.8 208.8 O
70
Load Case 4(outer) LL

moment IN.A ytop ybot (slab) (Girder) (Girder) sconcrete ssteel(top) ssteel Re
17.5 132.784 0.0893 0.86057 1.04943 1.31256 89.1058 124.649 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
14.5 125.314 0.0893 0.86057 1.04943 1.23398 83.6128 116.972 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
8.75 94.6794 0.0893 0.86057 1.04943 0.95291 67.0789 93.7331 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
5.83 91.7036 0.0893 0.86057 1.04943 0.85352 51.5141 72.3385 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
deff 25.383 0.0893 0.86057 1.04943 0.34329 33.1776 45.9876 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
Load Case 1(inner) Self weight

Type of girder Inner Girder

moment IN.A ytop ybot (slab) (Girder) (Girder) sconcrete ssteel(top) ssteel Result
0 319.355 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 32.1723 43.6235 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
18.23 299.575 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 30.1797 40.9216 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
10.4 242.19 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 24.3986 33.0828 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
5.42 179.975 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 18.131 24.5844 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
deff. 125.983 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 12.6917 17.209 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
Load Case 2(inner) DECK


moment IN.A ytop ybot (slab) (Girder) (Girder) sconcrete ssteel(top) ssteel Result
0 417.4 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 74.2218 100.64 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
18.23 391.5 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 69.62 94.4 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
10.4 316.4 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 56.2732 76.3027 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
5.42 235.3 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 41.8355 56.726 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
deff. 164.71 0.0597 0.8 0.8 0 29.2848 39.7082 11.6667 208.8 208.8 OK
71
Load Case 3(inner) SIDL+SURFACING

0 67.63 0.09051 0.86188 1.05812 0.43766 79.1872 108.699 11.6667 208.8 208.8 O
18.23 63.1 0.09051 0.86188 1.05812 0.40835 74.2527 101.92 11.6667 208.8 208.8 O
10.4 50.82 0.09051 0.86188 1.05812 0.32888 60.0044 82.3591 11.6667 208.8 208.8 O
5.42 38.62 0.09051 0.86188 1.05812 0.24993 44.6709 61.3285 11.6667 208.8 208.8 O
deff. 27.034 0.09051 0.86188 1.05812 0.17495 31.2696 42.93 11.6667 208.8 208.8 O
Load Case 4(inner) LL


0 132.784 0.09051 0.86188 1.05812 1.29696 88.9361 124.524 11.6667 208.8 208.8 O
18.23 125.314 0.09051 0.86188 1.05812 1.21931 83.4532 116.854 11.6667 208.8 208.8 O
10.4 94.6794 0.09051 0.86188 1.05812 0.94158 66.9557 93.6423 11.6667 208.8 208.8 O
5.42 91.7036 0.09051 0.86188 1.05812 0.84338 51.4037 72.2571 11.6667 208.8 208.8 O
deff. 25.383 0.09051 0.86188 1.05812 0.33921 33.1332 45.9549 11.6667 208.8 208.8 O
4) Deflection
a) For calculating deflection the modular ratio of short term and long term shall be 7.5 and
15respectively.
b) In any case under the worst combination of dead load, super-impose dead load, live load and
impact effect, the total deflection of the girder shall not exceed 1/600 of span i.e., = 58 mm
c) If camber is provided for dead load and super-impose dead load, then the permissible deflection of
live load with impact shall not exceed 1/800 of span i.e., = 44 mm
72
Load Case 1
Dead Load and SIDL
Deflection of Deflection of Permissible
DL calculated SIDL calculated Deflection of Deflection
Distances as per staad as per staad DL + SIDL (in mm) Remark
17.5 61.6 14.237 75.837 58 Provide Camber
14.5 60.911 14.13 75.041 58 Provide Camber
8.75 52.43 12.272 64.702 58 Provide Camber
5.83 26.8 6.4 33.2 58 OK
deff. 9.3 2.23 11.53 58 OK
Distances=17.5= Permissible Deflection(in mm)=58 =ROUND(35*1000/600,0)

Load Case 2
Live load with impact
Deflection of Deflection
of class-
class-A 70R
calculated as calculated Deflection of Permissible
per staad as per staad governing LL Deflection Remark
17.5 18 19.235 19.235 44 OK
14.5 17.8 18.9 18.9 44 OK
8.75 15.8 16.8 16.8 44 OK
5.83 9.92 10.55 10.55 44 OK
deff. 2.585 2.722 2.722 44 OK

Load Case 3
DL + SIDL + Live load with impact
Deflection of Permissible
DL + SIDL governing LL DL + SIDL + LL Deflection Remark
17.5 75.837 19.235 95.072 58 Provide Camber
14.5 75.041 18.9 93.941 58 Provide Camber
8.75 64.702 16.8 81.502 58 Provide Camber
5.83 33.2 10.55 43.75 58 OK
deff. 11.53 2.722 14.252 58 OK
73
Load Case 1
Dead Load and SIDL
Deflection
Deflection of of SIDL
Permissible
DL calculated calculated Deflection of Deflection(in
as per staad as per staad DL + SIDL mm) Remark
0 59.8 12.7 72.5 58 Provide Camber
13.42 53.34 11.343 64.683 58 Provide Camber
10.4 45.2 9.623 54.823 58 OK
5.42 26 5.5 31.5 58 OK
deff. 9 1.9 10.9 58 OK

Load Case 2
Live load with impact
Deflection of Deflection of
class-A class-70R
calculated as calculated as Deflection of Permissible
per staad per staad governing LL Deflection Remark
0 13 13.5 13.5 44 OK
13.42 11.913 12.31 12.31 44 OK
10.4 10.2 10.477 10.477 44 OK
5.42 5.9 6.013 6.013 44 OK
deff. 2.026 2.08 2.08 44 OK

Load Case 3
DL + SIDL + Live load with impact
Deflection of Permissible
DL + SIDL governing LL DL + SIDL + LL Deflection Remark
0 72.5 13.5 86 58 Provide Camber
13.42 64.683 12.31 76.993 58 Provide Camber
10.4 54.823 10.477 65.3 58 Provide Camber
5.42 31.5 6.013 37.513 58 OK
deff. 10.9 2.08 12.98 58 OK
74
5) Control of cracking in concrete
As the span is simply supported so the concrete is in compression, no need to checking in concrete
for cracking.
6) Design for Fatigue Limit
Check For Low fatigue :

Nsc = No. of stress cycle
= 2000000
Normal stress range
BM = Bending Moment Only due to Live load
I = Moment of Inerita of Composite section at mid span
Yb = Distance of bottom most fibre from N-axis
gmft = partial safety factor for Load

= 1.25 as per clause No. 605.2 page no. 28
27 /gmfl = 21.6
Check 1 f <= 27 /gmfl
gfft = partial safety factor for strength

= 1 as per clause No. 605.2 page no. 28, fail safe failure,
BM I Yb f 27/gmft Nsc 5 x 106((27/gmft)/(gfft.f))3 Fatigue assesmen

4L/8 132.784 0.10699 1.19765 15.1515 21.6 2000000 14486524.06 Not required
3L/8 125.314 0.10699 1.19765 14.2992 21.6 2000000 17234286.09 Not required
2L/8 101.058 0.10699 1.19765 11.5314 21.6 2000000 32861541.87 Not required
L/8 91.7036 0.10699 1.19765 10.464 21.6 2000000 43978185.4 Not required
deff. 25.383 0.10699 1.19765 2.89637 21.6 2000000 2073806627 Not required
75
Check For Low fatigue :
Detail category = 92 welded plate girder with continuous longitudinal welds
gmft = Partial safety factor for fatigue strength for Fail-safe structure or Non-
fail-safe structure as per table-5 of IRC:22-2008
gmft = 1.25
mr = (25/tp)0.25 <= 1
tp = 50 mm Actual thickness in mm of thicker plate being joined
mr = 0.8409
ffn = 90 Mpa Normal fatigue stress range corresponding to 5x106 Nsc
tfn = 90 Mpa Shear fatigue stress range corresponding to 5x106 Nsc
Fatigue strength:
ff = ffn 3Ö 5x10^6 / Nsc (Nsc <= 5 x 106)
ff = ffn 5Ö 5x10^6 / Nsc (5x106 <= Nsc <= 5 x 108)
= 122.149 Mpa
For Shear Stress range:
tf = tfn 5Ö 5x10^6 / Nsc
= 108.101 Mpa
Fatigue Assessment
The design fatigue strength of Nsc life cycles is given as
ffd = mr.ff
gmft
ffd = mr . ff / gmft
= 82.1716 Mpa
tfd = mr.Tf
gmft
tfd = mr . tf / gmft
= 72.7215 Mpa
mr = Capacity reduction factor( As per clause no. 605.2 )

gmft = Partial safety factor against fatigue failure( As per table 5 )
ff = Normal fatigue strength ranges for the actual life cycle, Nsc, obtained from clause no. 605.3
tf = Shear fatigue strength ranges for the actual life cycle, Nsc, obtained from clause no. 605.3
76
Stress Limitation
The absolute maximum value of normal and shear stress shall never exceed
the elastic limit (fy, ty) for material under cyclic loading.
Calculation of actual stress range
At fy
4L/8 f = 15.1515 Mpa < 240 Mpa Safe
ffd = 82.1716 Mpa > 15.1515 Mpa Safe
At
support v = 158.273 ton
ty
t = 52.7577 Mpa < 138.564 Mpa Safe
tfd = 72.7215 Mpa > 52.7577 Mpa Safe
The absolute maximum stress shall never exceed 1.5fy for normal stresses and 1.5fy/(3)0.5 for shear stresses
material under cyclic loading. This conditions does not applies to our case.
77
SHEAR CONNECTOR
Design and spacing of Shear Connector at support section
1) Ultimate limit state
VL = Longitudinal shear per unit length

V = The vertical shear force due to dead load and live load with impact at each state of load history
Aec = The transformed compressive area of concrete above neutral axis of composite section with
appropriate modular ratio depending nature of load.(weather short term for live load or long
term for live load)
Y = C.G of Transformed concrete area from neutral axis
I = Moment of inertia of whole composite section using appropriate modular ratio.
dl, ll = Different load history consideration, i.e. sustained load or composite dead load, transient load
or composite live load. These load are considered with appropriate load factor at this stage.
SR = Spacing of shear connectors
SR = SQu / VL
mshort = 7.5
mlong = 15
Qu = (118+146)/2*(9.81*100)=129492 N
V for DL V for LL Aec Y for Y for I for I for no. of SR

+SIDL(N) (N) Aec short long Short Long short long VL (N/mm) shear (in mm)
4L/8 128864.651 32344.177 61781.5 30890.7 182.167 188.451 1.1E+11 8.9E+10 11.80322 3 32912.7
3L/8 426762.713 44695.675 61781.5 30890.7 182.167 188.451 1.1E+11 8.9E+10 32.52293 3 11944.7
2L/8 786273.953 46667.03 61781.5 30890.7 182.167 188.451 1.1E+11 8.9E+10 56.1674 3 6916.4
L/8 1108580.52 72189.97 61781.5 30890.7 182.167 188.451 1.1E+11 8.9E+10 79.86387 3 4864.23
deff. 1778309.22 78662.294 61781.5 30890.7 182.167 188.451 1.1E+11 8.9E+10 124.2054 3 3127.69
Support 1956140.14 1552660.1 61781.5 30890.7 182.167 188.451 1.1E+11 8.9E+10 290.8504 3 1335.66
4L/8: VL (N/mm)=11.8032=((128864.7*30891*188.45/9E+10)+(32344.18*61781*182.17/1E+11)) ;
SR (in mm)=32913=(129492*3)/11.8032
78
2) a For full shear connection: The maximum longitudinal force due to bending moment is calculated over shear
span from zero moment to maximum moment section and is given as follows
H1 = Ast . fy . 10-3/ gm
H1 = 0.36. Acc . fck . 10-3
H1 = Longitudinal force due to bending(KN)
H2 = Longitudinal force due to bending(KN)
Ast = Area of tensile steel (mm2) in longitudinal direction
Acc = Effective area of concrete
= beff . Xu (for neutral axis within the slab)
= beff . ds (for neutral in steel section)
SR = SQu / VL
Qu = 129492 N
fy = 240 Mpa
fck = 35 Mpa
gm = 1.1
Plastic Shear resistance at different sections

Neutral no. of
axis lies shear SR
in Ast Acc H1 H2 H connector (in mm)
4L/8 web 78305.306 614500 17084.8 7742.7 7742.7 3 901.863
3L/8 web 78305.306 614500 17084.8 7742.7 7742.7 3 901.863
2L/8 web 78305.306 614500 17084.8 7742.7 7742.7 3 901.863
L/8 web 78305.306 614500 17084.8 7742.7 7742.7 3 901.863
deff. web 78305.306 614500 17084.8 7742.7 7742.7 3 901.863
4L/8: H1=17084.8=78305.31*240/10^3/1.1 ; H2=7742.7=0.36*614500*35/10^3 ;
SR =901.863=(129492/1000*3)/7742.7*35.95/2*1000
79
3) Serviceability limit state
Vr = Longitudinal shear per unit length at interface due to live load with impact
VR = The vertical shear force due to live load with impact.
Aec = The transformed compressive area of concrete above neutral axis of composite section with
appropriate modular ratio depending nature of load.(weather short term for live load or long
term for live load)
Y = C.G of Transformed concrete area from neutral axis
I = Moment of inertia of whole composite section using appropriate modular ratio.
dl, ll = Different load history consideration, i.e. sustained load or composite dead load, transient load
or composite live load. These load are considered with appropriate load factor at this stage.
SR = SQu / VR
mshort = 7.5
Nsc = No. of stress cycle
= 2E + 06
Qu for Nsc = 27000 N

no. of
Y for I for VL shear SR
V for LL Aec short Short short (N/mm) connector (in mm)
4L/8 193122.997 61781.494 182.167 1.1E+11 20.3149 3 3987.22
3L/8 208300.686 61781.494 182.167 1.1E+11 21.9114 3 3696.7
2L/8 216849.039 61781.494 182.167 1.1E+11 22.8107 3 3550.97
L/8 259939.716 61781.494 182.167 1.1E+11 27.3434 3 2962.32
deff. 425149.724 61781.494 182.167 1.1E+11 44.7221 3 1811.18
Summary
Ultimate Full Serviceability Required Provided
no. of no. of no. of Connect Max Connector Spacing
Section connectors Spacing connecto Spacing connecto Spacing ors spacing s pro. provide
4L/8 3 13528.315 3 901.863 3 3987.22 3 901.863 3 400
3L/8 3 7811.2674 3 901.863 3 3696.7 3 901.863 3 400
2L/8 3 5244.779 3 901.863 3 3550.97 3 901.863 3 200
L/8 3 3899.8317 3 901.863 3 2962.32 3 901.863 3 200
deff. 3 2418.1081 3 901.863 3 1811.18 3 901.863 3 200
Supports 3 1335.6559 3 901.863 3 1811.18 3 901.863 3 200
80
STIFFNERS
DESIGN OF STIFFENERS
1) Design of intermediate transverse web stiffeners (Refer clause 509.7.2 of IRC:24-2010)
a) Intermediate transverse stiffeners may be provided on one on both sides of the web.
b) Minimum Stiffeners: Transverse web stiffeners not subjected to external loading or

moments should have second moment of area, Is about the centerline of the web (if
stiffeners are on both side of the web) and about the face of the web (if single stiffener
on only one side of the web is used) such that
if c/d >= Ö2
>= 1.41421
Is >= 0.75 dtw3
if c/d < Ö2
< 1.41421
Is >= 1.5 d3tw3
c2
Where,
d = depth of web
= 1500 mm
e = ( 250 / fy ) 1/2
fy = 240 MPa
e = 1.02062 =(250/240)^0.5
Kv = 5.35 when transverse stiffeners are provided only at support
= 4 + 5.35 / (c/d)2 for c/d < 1
2
= 5.35 + 4 / (c/d) for c/d >= 1
where, c & d are the spacing of transverse stiffeners and depth of web respectively
Spacing of intermediate stiffeners depends on the web thickness of main girder. It is

explained in SLS design clause 3
Maximum spacing of stiffener = 1500 mm
c = 1500 mm OK
c/d = 1
Kv = 9.35
d/tw = 67e Ö(Kv/ 5.35 )
tw = d/(67e Ö(Kv/ 5.35 ))
tw = 16.5929 mm OK
4
Is = 1E+07 mm
81
Stiffeners are provided on both side
Outstand of web stiffeners - Unless the outer edge is continuously stiffened, the outstand from the
face of the web should not exceed 20tqe.
When the outstand is between 14tqe and 20tqe, then the stiffener design should be on the basis of
a core section with an outstand of 14tqe.
where tq = thickness of the stiffener
14tqe = 171.464 mm
20tqe = 244.949 mm
a = min(14tqe, 150)
= 150 mm
Iy = 2 . (ts . a3)/12 + 2 . a . ts . ((a + tw)/2)^2
= 7E + 06 + 3E + 07
Is of stiffeners = 3E+07 mm4 OK
c) Buckling check on intermediate transverse web stiffeners : Stiffeners not subjected to

external loads of moments.
Fq = V - Vcr/gm <= Fqd

gm = 1.1
Fqd = design resistance of the intermediate stiffeners
V = Factor shear force adjacent to the stiffener
= 357.676 t
Vcr = Shear buckling resistance of the web panel designed without
using tension field action
= 423.743 t (already calculated in ULS design)
Fq = -27.545
82
2) Design of load carrying stiffeners
a) Check for requirement of load carrying stiffeners : Load carrying stiffeners should be
provided where force applied through a flange by load or reactions exceeds buckling
strength, Fcdw, of the on stiffened web.
fcc = Euler buckling stress

= p2E/ (KL/r)2
gm0 = 1.1
E = 200000 N/mm2
KL = 0.7L (When flange restrain against rotation in the plane of stiffener)
= L (When flange not so restrain)
When flange restrain against rotation in the plane of stiffener
K = 0.7
L = Effective length of stiffener
KL = 1050 mm
83
r = Radius of gyration
= (Iy / A)0.5
a = 0.49 (from table 3 of IRC:24-2010)
A = (b1 + n1)tw
= 50000 mm2
Iy = 1000000 mm4
r = 4.47214
= p2E/ (KL/r)2
= 35.8081 Mpa
l = (fy/fcc)0.5
= 2.5889
f = 0.5[1 + a(l - 0.2) + l2]
= 4.43648
fcd = The buckling strength of web
fcd = fy/ gm0
f + [f2 - l2]0.5
= 27.1396 Mpa
Reaction = 224.614 t = 2203459 N =224.614*(9.81*10^3)
= 44.0692 Mpa Design load bearing stiffener
84
b) Design of load bearing stiffener :
Stiffeners are provided on both side
When flange restrain against rotation in the plane of stiffener

K = 0.7
L = Effective length of stiffener
KL = 1050 mm
r = (Iy / A)0.5
a = 0.49 (from table 3 of IRC:24-2010)
A = 2 . a . ts + 2 . 20tw . Tw
= 2 x 200 x 16 + 800 x 20
= 22400 mm2
Iy = 2 . (ts . a3)/12 + 2 . a . ts . ((a + tw)/2)^2
= 2.1E+07 + 7.7E+07
= 9.9E+07 mm4
r = 30.8607

= p2E/ (KL/r)2
= 1705.15 Mpa
l = (fy/fcc)0.5
= 0.37517
f = 0.5[1 + a(l - 0.2) + l2]

= 0.61329
fcd = The buckling strength of web

fcd = fy/ gm0
f + [f2 - l2]0.5
= 198.628 Mpa OK
85
c) Bearing check : Load carrying web stiffeners should also be of sufficient size that the bearing
strength of the stiffener is not less than the load transferred.
Fpsd = Aq . Fyd / (0.8 gmo) >= Fx
Fpsd = Bearing strength of stiffener

Aq = Area of the stiffener in contact with the flange
= 6400 mm2
fyq = Yield stress of the stiffener
= 240 Mpa
Fx = External load or reaction
= 2203459 N
gmo = 1.1
Fpsd = 1745455 N < 2203459 N Revise
3) Design of bearing stiffeners

a) Check for requirement of bearing stiffeners : Bearing stiffeners should be provided where
force applied through a flange by load or reactions exceeds local capacity of the web at its
connection to flange, Fw.
Fw = (b1 + n2) tw . fyw / gmo
86
b1 = Stiff bearing length
= 500 mm
n2 = Length obtained by dispersion through the flange to the web junction at a
slope of 1:2.5 to the plane of the flange.
= 650 mm
= 20 mm
fyw = Yield stress of web
240 Mpa
gmo = 1.1
Reaction = 357.676 t = 3508800 N

Fw = 5018182 N Bearing stiffener not required
Still Bearing stiffner provided at jack location of 20 mm thick and 250 mm length on both sides
87
DESIGN OF END CROSS-GIRDER
1) Maximum forces and moments of end cross girder
a) Service condition
Bending Moment Due to Sagging Hogging Shear Force (t) ULS Load
(t-m) (t-m) Factor
Due DL -0.4 0.7 0.989 1.35
Due SIDL -1 5.833 5.2 1.35
Due to SURFACING -0.4 0.7 0.682 1.75
Due LL -5 4.6 8 1.35
Total -9.34 16.25455 20.3487
b) Jacking condition
Bending Moment Due to Sagging Hogging Shear Force (t) ULS Load
(t-m) (t-m) Factor
Due DL -8.2 15.3 14.5 1.35
Due SIDL -5 19 13.3 1.35
Due to SURFACING -4 8.4 7 1.75
Total -24.82 61.005 49.78
Reaction at jack location due to DL+SIDL+Surfacing = 81 t
2) Design capacity of end cross-girder
88
Check for Torsional Buckling Resistance(Construction Stage) :
f LT = 0.5 *( 1+aLT ( l LT - 0.2) + lLT2)

E = 200000 Mpa
fy = 240 Mpa
gm = 1.1
l LT = Non-dimensional slenderness ratio
Mp = Zp *fy /ym
gm = 1.1

c1 = 1.285
c2 = 1.562
c3 = 0.753 (Factors depending upon the loading and end restraint conditions)
yg = -10.6879 mm distance between shear center and point of load
G= = 77000 Mpa modulus of rigidity
Calculations of shear center for hogging in end cross girder at the time of jacking
89
The max shear flow in the upper flange of the section
= VAz/Iy where V=P

= Px 3300 x 75
1E+08
= 0.002466 P

= 2 x 300 x 0.00247 P
3
= 0.493175 P

Pe = V1 x h = 0.493175 P x 1566
e = 772.3121 mm

Ifc = 49500000 mm^4
Ift = 49500000 mm^4
= 1566 mm
bf = Ifc = 0.5
Ifc+Ift
Iw = 6.15E+13 mm^6
90
For plane flanges
Yj = 0.8(2 bf - 1)hy/2.0 (when bf>0.5)
= 1.0(2 bf - 1)hy/2.0 (when bf<=0.5)
= 0
Torsional constant
300 x 10648 1544 x 10648 300 x 10648

It = + +
3 3 3
= 7609771 mm^4
Mcr = 28258820 x ( 800.0078 - -16.694 )

= 2.31E+10 Nmm
Bending capacity of steel girder with torsional buckling

Properties
x_girder Comp Hogging
A (in mm2) 47168
Ix (in mm4)
Iy (in mm4) 100370042.7
4
Iz (in mm ) 14843133419
yt (in mm ) 794
yb (in mm ) 794
ry (in mm ) 46.12945498
rz (in mm ) 560.9692616
Class of compression flange Class-1(Plastic)
Class of web Class-1(Plastic)
Class of section Class-1(Plastic)
Type of connection Welded section
a LT 0.49
bb 1
Zp =(14843133419/794) = 18694122.69
Hf =22/2+1544+22/2 = 1566
tf 22
LLT 3000
Mcr 23079041663
l LT =SQRT(1*18694122.69*240/23079041663) = 0.440909321
Mp =1*18694122.69*240/1.1 4078717679
f LT =0.5*(1+0.49*(0.440909321-0.2)+ 0.440909321^2) 0.656223298
XLT =MIN(1/(0.656223298+(0.656223298^2-0.440909321^2)^0.5),1) 0.875460334
Mpl(buckl)= 0.875460334*4078717679 (N-mm) 3570755542
Mpl(buckl) =3570755542/10^7 (t-m) 357.0755542
Design bending moment 61.005
Design bending moment OK=IF(61.005<=357.08,"OK", "Revise")
91
DESIGN OF BEARING STIFFNERS FOR JACKING LOCATION
e = ( 250 / fy ) 1/2
fy = 240 MPa
gm = 1.1
1) Design of bearing stiffeners at jack locations

a)
Check for requirement of bearing stiffeners : Bearing stiffeners should be provided where force applied
through a flange by load or reactions exceeds local capacity of the web at its connection to flange, Fw.
Fw = (b1 + n2) tw . fyw / gmo
b1 = Stiff bearing length

= 444 mm
n2 = Length obtained by dispersion through the flange to the web junction at a
slope of 1:2.5 to the plane of the flange.
= 510 mm
= 22 mm
fyw = Yield stress of web
240 Mpa
gmo = 1.1
Reaction = 81 t = 794610 N =81*(9.81*10^3)

Fw = 4579200 N Bearing stiffener not required
= =(444+510)*22*240/1.1
Still Bearing stiffner provided at jack location of 20 mm thick and 120 mm length on both sides
92
WEB SPLICE DESIGN
Type of environment = SEVERE

fy = 240 Mpa
e = (250/fy)0.5 = 1.02062
Web Properties-
d = 1500 mm
t = 20 mm
Iweb=20*1500^3/12 = 5625000000 mm4
Aweb=1500*20 = 30000 mm2
stess in concrete at F = 11.6667 Mpa *In concrete

= 87.5 Mpa *In steel
Stess in steel at E = 208.8 N/mm2 Maximum permissible

stress are taken in
account
D = 1920 mm
y1 = 1600 mm
y5=87.5*1920/(208.8+87.5) = 566.993 mm
y4=566.99-(1920-1600) = 246.993 mm
y2 = 46.9929 mm
y3 = 1153.01 mm
Stress at A=208.8/(1600-246.99)*
)*246.99 = 38.1167 Mpa
Cover Plate Depth=1153+46.9929
46.9929 = 1200 mm
Stress at B=38.117/246.99*46.9929
46.9929 = 7.25208 Mpa
Stress at D=208.8/(1600-246.99)*
)*1153 = 177.935 Mpa
Zc required by web=125.23*10^4*10^3/
*10^4*10^3/7.2521 = 172680614.9 mm3
Zt required by web=125.23*10^4*10^3/
*10^4*10^3/117.94 = 7037914.276 mm3
93
Let "t" be the thickness of each cover plate.
Moment of Inertia of cover plates about N.A = 2 x ( t/12 x 1200^3 + t x 1200 x ( 553.01^2 )
=1200^3+1200*ABS((1153-46.993)/2)^2*2*t = 2461960413 xt
Zc=2461960413/46.993 = 52390036.65 x t = 172680614.9
Zt=2461960413/1153 = 2135251.76 x t = 7037914.276
=> t = 3.2961 mm
Provide 20 mm cover plate.
S.N. Loading / Section B.M. S.F I-web I effective BM

section Web
t.m t mm4 mm4 t.m
1 Steel Girder 5625000000 59700000000 0
2 Comp. Sec 1292.2 423.743 10368737975 1.06991E+11 125.23
Total 423.743 125.23
Factored Maximum BM Mf = 125.23 tm

Factored Maximum SF Vsf = 423.743 t
(Refer clause 512.5.4 of IRC-24-2010)
Bolt Configuration
Bolt type used = M 20 HSFG type
Type of bolt arrangements = In one line
B (Nominal/shaft dia of bolt) = 20 mm
Thread dia = 20 mm
H (Head thickness) = 12.5 mm
Nos of column = 12 Nos
Nos of row = 15 Nos
Splice pate is in = Tension
Minimum spacing of bolts >= 2.5 x nominal bolt dia
>= 50 mm
Maximum spacing of bolts <= The distance between any two adjacent fasteners shall not be great
r than 32t or 300mm whichever is lesser, where t is the thickness of smaller
pate
<= 300 mm
Maximum spacing of bolts <= The distance between any two adjacent fasteners in a line shall not be
greater than 16t or 200mm whichever is lesser, where t is the
thickness of smaller pate.
<= 200 mm
Maximum spacing of bolts <=
The distance between any two adjacent fasteners in a line and parallel to
the edge of outside plate shall not be greater than 180mm whichever is
lesser, where t is the thickness of smaller pate.
<= 180 mm
Provide 65 mm spacing c/c in hori direction Provide 80 mm spacing c/c in vertical direction
Ok under limit
94
Edge and End Distance
Type of edge = Machine flame cut edges
Minimum edge distance = 1.5 times hole diameter
slandered clearance in diameter and width of slot = 1.5 mm
Hole diameter=20+1.5 = 21.5 mm
Minimum edge distance=1.5*21.5 = 32.25 mm
Maximum edge distance = The maximum edge distance to the nearest line of fastener
not exceed 12te or 40 + 4t whichever is smaller
= 120 mm
Provide 40 mm edge distance Ok under limt
Covering plate size = 1200 x 820 (d x b)
Cg. of bolt group from top most left bolt

x = 370 mm
y = 560 mm
For Left/ Right side group about their own cg.
m = nos of column = 6
n = nos of row = 15 Nos
x = spacing in horizontal direction
= 65 mm
y = spacing along depth
= 65 mm
S x2 = m*n*x2 (m2-1)/12 = 1109063 mm2
S y2 = m*n*y2 (n2-1)/12 = 7098000 mm2
95
About the combined cg. of both groups.
Distance in horizontal direction from cg. of left/ right group to cg. of combined bolt group
= 820/2-40-(6-1)*65/2 = 207.5 mm
2 2
Sx = 9968250 mm = (1E+06+6*15*207.5^2)*2
Distance along depth from cg. of left/ right group to cg. of combined bolt group
= 0 mm
2 2
Sy = 14196000 mm = 7E+06*2
Polar Moment of Inertia of bolt group
Ip = S x2 + S y2
= 24164250 mm2
Coordinate of bottom right most bolt from cg. Of bolt group

x = 820/2-40= 370 mm
y = 1200/2-40= 560 mm
Shear at bottom, right most bolt
along x-direction
Vx = M* x / Ip
= 1.9175 tonne
along y-direction
Vy = M* y /Ip
= 2.90216 tonne
Shear due to vertical shear = 423.74/12/15=2.35413 t / bolt
Net shear over bolt = Ö 1.9175 2 + ( 2.35413 + 2.90216 )2 1.9175

= 5.59512 t
2.35413
2.90216
96
Shear capacity of Bolt (Refer clause 512.5.5.3 of IRC:24-2010)
Vdsb = Vnsb /gmb

Vnsb = Nominal shear capacity of beam.
gmb = 1.1
Vnsb = fu(nnAnb+nsAsb)/√3 √3
fu = Ultimate tensile strength of a bolt
= 830 Mpa
nn = Number of shear planes with thread inte
intercepting the shear plane
= 0
ns = Number of shear planes without thread intercepting the shear plane
= 2
Asb = Nominal pane shank area of the bolt
= 245 mm2
Anb = Net shear area of the bolt at threads, may be taken as the area corresponding to root diameter at the thre
= 245
Vnsb = 830*(0*245+2*245)/SQRT(3)
)/SQRT(3)=234808 N
Vdsb = 213462 N = 21.7596 t
Vdsb after reduction due to long joint, large grip joint and packing plate
Vdsb in Vertical direction
Vdsb * min(blj,blg)*bpk = 169702 N = 17.2989 t > 5.25629 tonne OK
Vdsb in horizontal direction
Friction grip type bolting (Refer clause 10.6 of IS800:2000)
Vdsf <= Vdsf

Vdsf = Vnsf / gmf
Slip resistance of the Bolt
Vnsf = mf *ne *Kh *Fo
mf = coefficient of friction (slip factor) as specified in IS 800

800-2007
= 0.5
for surface blasted with shot or grit and spray metalized with aluminum (thickness > 50 mm)
ne = Number of effective interface offering frictional resistance to slip

= 2
Kh = 1 1 for fasteners in clearance holes

0.85 for fasteners in oversized and short slotted holes and for fasteners in
long slotted holes loaded perpendicular to the slot.
0.7 for fasteners in long slotted holes loaded parallel to the slot.
97
gmf = 1.1
Fo = Minimum bolt tension (proof load) at installation
Fo = Anb . f0
Anb = Net area of the bolt at thread
= 245 mm2
fub = Ultimate tensile stress of the bolt
= 830 Mpa
f0 = Proof stress(0.7fub)
f0 = 0.7 x Maximum permissible applied force
= 0.7 x 830 (For class 10.9, refer IS 4000-1992)
= 581 Mpa
Fo = 142345 N
Vnsf = 142345 N
Vdsf = Vnsf / gmf = 129405 N = 13.1911 t
Vdsf after reduction due to long joint, large grip joint and packing plate
Shear capacity of bolt in vertical direction
Vdsf * min(blj,blg)*bpk = 13.1911 x 0.795 x 1
= 10.4869 tonne > 5.25629 tonne OK
Shear capacity of bolt in horizontal direction
= 11.7401 tonne > 1.9175 tonne OK
(Refer clause 512.5.8 of IRC:24-2010)
Reduction in capacity due to Long Joint : When the length of joints, lj, of a splice or end connection in a
compression or tension element containing more than two two
fasteners exceeds 15d in the direction of load then the nominal
shear capacity of the fasteners shall be reduced by blj
Reduction factor
blj = 1.075 - (lj / (200d)) but 0.75 ≤ blj ≤ 1.0
lj in vertical=1200-40*2 = 1120 mm
lj in horizontal=820-40*2= 740 mm
d = Nominal diameter of fastener
= 20 mm
blj for vertical load = 0.795=MIN(MAX(1.075-0.005*(1120/20),0.75),1)
blj for horizontal load = 0.89=MIN(MAX(1.075-0.005*(740/20),0.75),1)
(Refer clause 512.5.9 of IRC:24-2010)
Reduction in capacity due to Large grip lengths : When the grip length of joints, lg, exceeds 5 times the diameter, d
of the bolt, the design shear force shall be reduced by factor blg.
98
blg = 8d / (3d + lg) <= 1.075 - (lj / (200d)) but 0.75 ≤ blj ≤ 1.0
Note: lg shall be no case greater than 8d
blg is applicable if lg is greater than 5d
lg in vertical = 40 mm <= 5d = 100
lg in horizontal = 40 mm <= 5d = 100
= 20 mm
blg for vertical load = min( 1 , 0.795 )
blg for horizontal load = min( 1 , 0.89 )
blg for vertical load = 0.795

blg for horizontal load = 0.89
Reduction in capacity due to packing plates : When the design shear capacity of bolt carrying shear through
packing plate in excess of 6mm, the shear capacity shall be reduced
by factor bpk.
Packing plate is present = Yes

bpk = (1-0.0125tpk)
tpk = thickness of thicker packing, in mm
= 0 mm
bpk = 1 mm
For ultimate strength check

Bearing capacity of bolt :
Vdpb = Vnpb /gmb
Vnpb = Nominal bearing strength of bolt
= 2.5 kb . d . t . fu
kb = min( e/3d0, p/3d0-0.25, fub/fu, 1)
e = End distance of the fastener along bearing direction
= 40 mm
p = Pitch distance of the fastener along bearing direction
= 65 mm
d0 = Diameter of hole
= 21.5 mm
= 830 Mpa
fu = Ultimate tensile stress of the plate
= 240 Mpa
d = Nominal diameter of bolt
= 20 mm
99
Type of bolt fitting = Normal
H = Head thickness of bolt
= 12.5 mm
t = Summation of the thickness of the connected plates experiencing bearing stress in
the same direction, or if bolts are countersunk, the thickness of the plate minu half
of the depth of countersinking.
= 20
kb = 0.62016=MIN(40/(3*21.5),65/(3*21.5)-0.25,830,240,1)
Vnpb = 148837 N = 15.172 t > 5.59512 tonne OK
Reduction in bearing capacity due to size of holes :

Type of holes = Standard clearance
Reduction factor = 1
Vnpb = 148837 = 148837/1
Vdpb = 135307 N = 13.7927 t > 5.59512 tonne OK
Tension capacity:
Tb <= Tdb
where, Tdb = Tnb/gmb
Tnb = Nominal tensile capacity of the bolt
= 0.9fub . An < fyb . Asb (gmb / gm0)
gmb = 1.1
gmo = 1.1
fub = Ultimate tensile stress of bolt
= 830 Mpa
fyb = Yield stress of bolt
= 660 Mpa
An = Net tensile stress area(for bolts the tensile stress area shall be equal to the area at
thread bottom) as specified in appropriate Indian standard.
= 245 mm2
Asb = Shank area of the bolt.
= 245 mm2
Tnb = min( 183015 , 161700 )
= 161700 N = 16.4832 t > 5.59512 tonne OK
100
Combined Shear and Tension capacity: (Refer clause 10.3.6 of IS 800:2000)
(Vsb/Vdb)2 + (Tb/Tdb)2 <= 1

Vsb = Factored shear force acting on the bolt.
= 5.59512 t
Vdb = Design shear capacity.
= 17.2989 t
Tb = Factored tensile force acting on the bolt.
= 5.59512 t
Tdb = Design tension capacity.
= 16.4832 t
(Vsb/Vdb)2 + (Tb/Tdb)2 = 0.19458 < 1 tonne OK
Bottom Flange Splice Design :

Bolt Configuration
Thread dia = 20 mm
LT/ LFT = 46 mm
L (Length of bolt) 110 mm
Nos of row = 8 Nos
>= 50 mm
Maximum spacing of bolts <= The distance between any two adjacent fasteners shall not be
thickness of smaller pate
<= 300 mm
Maximum spacing of bolts <= The distance between any two adjacent fasteners in a line shall
not be greater than 16t or 200mm whichever is lesser, where t
is the thickness of smaller pate.
<= 200 mm
Maximum spacing of bolts <= The distance between any two adjacent fasteners in a line and
parallel to the edge of outside plate shall not be greater than
260 mm whichever is lesser, where t is the thickness of smaller
pate.
<= 200 mm
Provide 95 mm spacing c/c in longitudinal direction
Ok under limit
Provide 90 mm spacing c/c in transverse direction
Ok under limit
101
slandered clearance in diameter and width of slot =3 mm (As per table-19 of Is:800-2007)
Hole diameter = 23 mm
Minimum edge distance = 34.5 mm
Maximum edge distance = The maximum edge distance to the nearest line of fastener sha
exceed 12te or 40 + 4t whichever is smaller
= 200 mm
Provide 40 mm edge distance
Ok under limt
Covering plate size = 350 X 1135 (d Xb)
102
Area of Bottom Flange = 45000 mm2
Area deducted due to holes =8*23*50 = 9200 mm2
Net area of bottom flange plate=45000-9200 = 35800 mm2
Net area of cover plates reqd. =35800*1.05 = 37590 mm2
Gross area of cover plates reqd. =1.05*45000 = 47250 mm2
Provide 2 cover plates

2 Top cover plates = 350 x 40
Bottom cover plates = 760 x 40
Gross area of cover plates = 58400 mm2=(760*40+2*40*350) O.K.
Net area of cover plates = 43680 cm2 =58400-8*23*(40+40) O.K.
Allowable stress at ultimate = 240 Mpa

Max. force in bottom flange =35800*240/10^4 = 859.2 t
Nos of bolts provided =20*12.5 = 250 Nos
Shear force per bolt =859.2/250 = 3.4368 tonne
Shear capacity of Bolt

Vdsb = Vnsb /gmb
gmb = 1.1
Vnsb = fu(nnAnb+nsAsb)/√3
= 830 Mpa
nn = Number of shear planes with thread intercepting the shear plane
= 0
= 2
= 245 mm2
Anb = Net shear area of the bolt at threads, may be taken as the area corresponding to root diameter at the thre
= 245
Vnsb = 234808 N
Vdsb = 213462 N = 21.7596 t
103
Friction grip type bolting
Vdsf <= Vdsf
Vdsf = Vnsf / gmf
Ultimate Shear capacity of Bolt
mf = coefficent of friction (slip factor) as specified in IS 800-2007

= 0.5

= 2
Kh = 1 1 for fasteners in clearence holes

0.85 for fasteners in oversized and short slotted holes and for fasteners in long slotted holes loaded perpendicular to th
gmf = 1.1
Fo = Anb . f0
= 245 mm2
= 830 Mpa
= 581 Mpa
Fo = 142345 N =245*581
Vnsf = 142345 N =0.5*2*1*142345

Vdsf = Vnsf / gmf = 129405 N = 13.1911 t
= 10.7013 tonne > 3.4368 tonne OK
Reduction in capacity due to Long Joint : When the length of joints, lj, of a splice or end connection in a
fasteners exceeds 15d in the direction of load then the nominal
104
Reduction factor
blj = 1.075 - (lj / (200d)) but 0.75 ≤ blj ≤ 1.0
lj = 1055 Mm =1135-40*2
= 20 mm
blj = 0.81125 =MIN(MAX(1.075-0.005*(1055/20),0.75),1)
lg = 80 mm <= 5d = 100
= 20 mm
blg = min( 1 , 0.81125 )
blg = 0.81125
by factor bpk.
Packing plate is present = No

bpk = (1-0.0125tpk)
= 0 mm
bpk = 1 mm

Vdpb = Vnpb /gmb
= 2.5 kb . d . t . fu
kb = min( e/3d0, p/3d0-0.25, fub/fu, 1)
e = End distance of the fastner along bearing direction
= 40 mm
p = Pitch distance of the fastner along bearing direction
= 95 mm
d0 = Diameter of hole
= 23 mm
= 830 Mpa
= 240 Mpa
= 20 mm
105
= 12.5 mm
t = Summation of the thickness of the connected plates exprencencing bearing stress in the
same direction, or if bolts are countersunk, the thickness of the plate minu half of the depth
of countersinking.
= 40
kb = 0.57971
Vnpb = 278261 N = 28.365 t > 3.4368 tonne OK

Vnpb = 278261
Vdpb = 252964 N = 25.7864 t > 3.4368 tonne OK
Tension capacity:
Tb <= Tdb
gmb = 1.1
gmo = 1.1
= 830 Mpa
= 660 Mpa
An = Net tensile stress area(for bolts the tensile stress area shall be equal to the
area at thread bottom) as specified in appropriate Indian standard.
= 245 mm2
= 245 mm2
Tnb = min( 183015 , 161700 )
= 161700 N = 16.4832 t > 3.4368 tonne OK
106
Combined Shear and Tension capacity:

3.4368 t
17.6525 t
3.4368 t
16.4832 t
Top Flange Splice Design :
Bolt Configuration
Thread dia = 20 mm
Nos of row = 7 Nos
>= 50 mm
Maximum spacing of bolts <= The distance between any two adjacent fasteners shall not be
thickness of smaller pate
<= 300 mm
Maximum spacing of bolts <= The distance between any two adjacent fasteners in a line shall not
be greater than 16t or 200mm whichever is lesser, where t is the
thickness of smaller pate.
<= 200 mm
Maximum spacing of bolts <=
The distance between any two adjacent fasteners in a line and
parallel to the edge of outside plate shall not be greater than
220 mm whichever is lesser, where t is the thickness of smaller pate.
<= 200 mm
Provide 95mm spacing c/c in longitudinal direction
Ok under limit
Provide 95mm spacing c/c in transverse direction
Ok under limit
107
slandered clearance in diameter and width of slot = 3 mm (As per table-19 of Is:800-2007)
Hole diameter = 23 mm
Minimum edge distance = 34.5 mm
The maximum edge distance to the nearest line of fastener shall not
Maximum edge distance = exceed 12te
= 160 mm
Provide 40 mm edge distance Ok under limit
Covering plate size = 317.5 x 1025 (d x b)
108
Area of top Flange = 45000 mm2
Area deducted due to holes = 8050 mm2
Net area of top flange plate = 36950 mm2
Net area of cover plates reqd. = 38797.5 mm2
Gross area of cover plates reqd. = 47250 mm2
Provide 2 cover plates

2 Top cover plates = 317.5 x 30
Bottom cover plates = 675 x 30
Gross area of cover plates = 39300 mm2 O.K.
Net area of cover plates = 29640 cm2 O.K.
Allowable stress at ultimate = 240 Mpa

Max. force in bottom flange = 886.8 t
Nos of bolts provided = 77 Nos
Shear force per bolt = 11.5169 tonne
Shear capacity of Bolt
Vdsb = Vnsb /gmb

gmb = 1.1
Vnsb = fu(nnAnb+nsAsb)/√3
= 830 Mpa
nn = Number of shear planes with thread intercepting the shear plane
= 0
= 2
= 245 mm2
Anb = Net shear area of the bolt at threads, may be taken as the area corresponding to root diameter at the th
= 245
Vnsb = 234808 N
Vdsb = 213462 N = 21.7596 t
109
Friction grip type bolting
Vdsf <= Vdsf
Vdsf = Vnsf / gmf
Ultimate Shear capacity of Bolt
mf = coefficient of friction (slip factor) as specified in IS 800-2007
= 0.5

= 2
Kh = 1 1 for fasteners in clearence holes
0.85 for fasteners in oversized and short slotted holes and for fasteners in long slotted holes loaded perpendicular to the slot
gmf = 1.1
Fo = Anb . f0
= 245 mm2
= 830 Mpa
= 581 Mpa
Fo = 142345 N
Vnsf = 142345 N
Vdsf = Vnsf / gmf = 129405 N = 13.1911 t
= 11.064 tonne < 11.5169 tonne Revise Nos. of bolt
When the length of joints, lj, of a splice or end connection in a
Reduction in capacity due to Long Joint : fasteners exceeds 15d in the direction of load then the nominal
Reduction factor
blj = 1.075 - (lj / (200d)) but 0.75 ≤ blj ≤ 1.0
lj = 945 mm
= 20 mm
blj = 0.83875
110
lg = 80 mm <= 5d = 100
= 20 mm
blg = min( 1 , 0.83875 )
blg = 0.83875
by factor bpk.
Packing plate is present = No
bpk = (1-0.0125tpk)
= 0 mm
bpk = 1 mm

Vdpb = Vnpb /gmb
= 2.5 kb . d . t . fu
kb = min( e/3d0, p/3d0-0.25, fub/fu, 1)
e = End distance of the fastener along bearing direction
= 40 mm
p = Pitch distance of the fastener along bearing direction
= 95 mm
Diameter of
d0 = hole
= 23 mm
= 830 Mpa
= 240 Mpa
= 20 mm
= 12.5 mm
t = summation of the thickness of the connected plates exprencencing bearing stress in the same
111
direction, or if bolts are countersunk, the thickness of the plate minu half of the depth of
countersinking.
= 30
kb = 0.57971
Vnpb = 208696 N = 21.2738 t > 11.5169 tonne OK

Vnpb = 208696
Vdpb = 189723 N = 19.3398 t > 11.5169 tonne OK
Tension capacity:
Tb <= Tdb
gmb = 1.1
gmo = 1.1
= 830 Mpa
= 660 Mpa
An = Net tensile stress area(for bolts the tensile stress area shall be equal to the area at thread
bottom) as specified in appropriate Indian standard.
= 245 mm2
= 245 mm2
Tnb = min( 183015 , 161700 )
= 161700 N = 16.4832 t > 11.5169 tonne OK
Combined Shear and Tension capacity:

11.5169 t
18.2509 t
11.5169 t
16.4832 t
112
WELDED CONNECTION DESIGN
V maximum shear force = 3576.76 kN

Assuming size of the fillet weld = 12 mm
The permissible stress in the fillet weld = 108 Mpa
(For Structural Steel Conforming to IS:2062 - IRC-24 Cl:506.6.2.2)
The shear strength of the filled weld
P = q.L.t
= q.t N/mm ( t = Throat Thickness)
= 108 x 0.707 X 12
= 916.272 N/mm.
top plate
First moment of area of Flange plate @ C.G. is
Q = 900 X 50(800-25)
= 34875000 mm3
900
50
0.8
0.8
50
900
The shear flow is ,

q = VQ
I
= 3576.7586 x 1000 x 3.5E+07
59700000000
= 2089.4381 N/mm
Providing 12 mm weld whose strength is = 916.272 N/mm.
be used at both faces, then the required length of weld for 1000 mm length of girder is ,
113
2089.4381 x 1000
Weld length =
2 x 916.272
= 1140.1844 mm/1000 mm Length
Therefore Provide 12 mm fillet weld continuous throughout the length.
bottom plate
First moment of area of Flange plate @ C.G. is
Q =+900 x 50 ( 800 – 25 ) = 34875000 mm3
The shear flow is ,
q = VQ
I
= 3576.76 x 1000 x 34875000
59700000000
= 2089.44 N/mm
Providing 12 mm weld whose strength is = 916.272 N/mm.

be used at both faces, then the required length of weld for 1000 mm length of girder is ,
Weld length = 2089.44 x 1000

2 x 916.272
mm/1000
= 1140.18 mm Length
Therefore Provide 12 mm fillet weld continuous throughout the length.
114
DESIGN OF DECK SLAB
115
BASIC DESIGN DATA
1 Distance between C/C Exp. Joint 36.00 m
2 Effective span Leff 35.52 m
3 Overhang of girder off the bearing 0.220 m
4 Overhang of slab off the bearing 0.240 m
5 Expansion Joint 40.0 mm
6 Deck Width 11.9 m
7 Angle of skew Ang 0.00 deg.
8 Clear carriage way Bcw 10.85 m
9 Width of outer railing 0.00 m
10 Width of Footpath 0.00 m
11 Width of Crash Barrier Wkerb 0.50 m
12 Spacing of main girder c/c Spmg 2.78 m
13 Spacing of cross girder c/c Spcg 17.76 m
14 Thk of deck slab Df 0.21 m
15 Thk of deck slab at overhang 0.40 m
16 Length of cantilever Lcan 1.75
17 Cantilever slab thk at fixed end Dcan1 0.21 m
18 Cantilever slab thk at free end Dcan2 0.21 m
19 Thk of wearing coat Wc 0.065 m
20 No of main girder Nomg 4 Nos
21 Width of footh path 0.00
Width of raillings 0.00
22 Top Flange width of girder bf 0.800 m
23 No of Intermediate cross girder Nocg 5.00
24 Grade of concrete Cgrade M35 Mpa
25 Grade of reinforcement Sgrade Fe 500 Mpa
26 Shape Factor λ λ 0.80 IRC-112-Anexure A2- A2.9(2)
27 strength Factor η η 1.00 IRC-112-Anexure A2- A2.9(2)
28 Partial factor of safety (Basic and seismic) ɣc 1.50 IRC-112-Cl 6.4.2.8
29 Partial factor of safety Accidental ɣc 1.20 IRC-112-Cl 6.4.2.8
Coefficient to consider the influence of the α 0.67
30 strength
Design value of concrete comp strength for
31 Basic and seismic fcd 40.00 Mpa
Design value of concrete comp strength for
32 Accidental fcd 15.63 Mpa
33 Clear cover cov 40.0 mm
34 Unit weight of dry concrete wcon 2.50 t/m3
35 Unit weight of wet concrete 26.00 t/m3
36 Unit Weight of wearing course wwc 2.200 t/m^3
37 Weight of Crash Barrier wrail 1.00 t/m
38 Weight of Railing 0.50 t/m
39 Intensity of Load for shuttering 0.50 t/m2
40 Stress in concrete (compression) fck 35 Mpa
41 Stress in steel (tension) fyk 500 Mpa
42 Partial factor of safety for basic and seismic γs 1.15 IRC-112 Fig 6.3 (Note)
43 Partial factor of safety for Accidental γs 1 IRC-112 Fig 6.3 (Note)
44 Ecm 32000 Mpa
45 Es 200000.00 Mpa
46 Modular ratio m 6.250
116
Live Load calculations as per Effective Width Method
The live load intensity on deck slab is calculated based on effective width method as given in Annexure-B.3 of
IRC-112. The dispersion along span of deck slab is ignored, this is a safer side assumption as concentrated
load produce worst effect than udl.
C/C Spacing of Girder = 2.783 m

Total Width of Deck = 11.85 m
Cantilever length = 1.751 m
Number of support = 4.000 m
b/lo = 6.382
α (Constant) = 2.600 (Cont.)
Thickness of wearing coat = 65.00 mm
Thickness of deck slab = 210.00 mm
1Lane Class - A TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 1 FOR LIVE LOAD
Load on Wheel-1 = 57 kN
Load on Wheel-2 = 57 kN
Contact width across span = 250 mm
Contact width along span = 500 mm
Distance between two vehicle c/c of wheels (Traffic
= 1.200 m
Direction)
Distance between two Wheels C/C (Transverse
= 1.800 m
direction)
Minimum edge distance upto c/l of wheel = 0.400 m
b1 = 0.380 m
initial position of first wheel = 0.900 m
Final position of first wheel = 9.150 m
Number of load generation = 58 Nos
Transverse increament of Wheels = 0.142241379 m
Impact factor = 1.8
117
Wheel-1 Wheel-2
Load Dist. of P with Dist. of P with
Position beff Position beff
Case Nearest beff Impact Nearest beff Impact
(X) (mod) (X) (mod)
Support (kN) Support (kN)
1 0.9 0.85 1.40 1.30 76.71 2.70 0.95 2.01 1.60 62.2
2 1.0422 0.71 1.23 1.21 82.10 2.84 1.09 2.11 1.65 60.4
3 1.1845 0.57 1.06 1.06 94.17 2.98 1.23 2.17 1.68 59.3
4 1.3267 0.42 0.89 0.89 112.26 3.13 1.38 2.19 1.69 58.9
5 1.469 0.28 0.72 0.72 138.96 3.27 1.26 2.17 1.69 59.1
6 1.6112 0.14 0.55 0.55 182.31 3.41 1.12 2.12 1.66 60.1
7 1.7534 0.00 0.39 0.39 257.31 3.55 0.98 2.03 1.62 61.7
8 1.8957 0.15 0.74 0.74 135.20 3.70 0.84 1.90 1.55 64.3
9 2.0379 0.29 1.05 1.05 94.99 3.84 0.70 1.74 1.47 67.9
10 2.1802 0.43 1.32 1.26 79.02 3.98 0.55 1.53 1.37 73.0
11 2.3224 0.57 1.56 1.38 72.25 4.12 0.41 1.29 1.25 80.1
12 2.4647 0.71 1.76 1.48 67.39 4.26 0.27 1.01 1.01 98.6
13 2.6069 0.86 1.92 1.56 63.91 4.41 0.13 0.69 0.69 143.7
14 2.7491 1.00 2.04 1.62 61.48 4.55 0.02 0.42 0.42 237.3
15 2.8914 1.14 2.13 1.67 59.91 4.69 0.16 0.77 0.77 130.0
16 3.0336 1.28 2.18 1.69 59.06 4.83 0.30 1.08 1.08 92.7
17 3.1759 1.36 2.19 1.69 58.89 4.98 0.44 1.35 1.27 78.3
18 3.3181 1.22 2.16 1.68 59.38 5.12 0.58 1.58 1.39 71.7
19 3.4603 1.07 2.09 1.65 60.56 5.26 0.73 1.78 1.49 67.0
20 3.6026 0.93 1.99 1.60 62.52 5.40 0.87 1.93 1.57 63.7
21 3.7448 0.79 1.85 1.52 65.42 5.54 1.01 2.05 1.63 61.3
22 3.8871 0.65 1.67 1.44 69.50 5.69 1.15 2.14 1.67 59.8
23 4.0293 0.50 1.45 1.33 75.19 5.83 1.30 2.18 1.69 59.0
24 4.1716 0.36 1.20 1.20 83.22 5.97 1.34 2.19 1.69 58.9
25 4.3138 0.22 0.91 0.91 110.08 6.11 1.20 2.16 1.68 59.5
26 4.456 0.08 0.58 0.58 173.24 6.26 1.06 2.09 1.64 60.7
27 4.5983 0.06 0.54 0.54 183.20 6.40 0.92 1.98 1.59 62.7
28 4.7405 0.21 0.88 0.88 113.58 6.54 0.78 1.84 1.52 65.7
29 4.8828 0.35 1.17 1.17 84.96 6.68 0.63 1.65 1.43 69.9
30 5.025 0.49 1.43 1.32 75.79 6.83 0.49 1.43 1.32 75.8
31 5.1672 0.63 1.65 1.43 69.94 6.97 0.35 1.17 1.17 85.0
32 5.3095 0.78 1.84 1.52 65.73 7.11 0.21 0.88 0.88 113.6
33 5.4517 0.92 1.98 1.59 62.74 7.25 0.06 0.54 0.54 183.2
34 5.594 1.06 2.09 1.64 60.70 7.39 0.08 0.58 0.58 173.2
35 5.7362 1.20 2.16 1.68 59.45 7.54 0.22 0.91 0.91 110.1
36 5.8784 1.34 2.19 1.69 58.90 7.68 0.36 1.20 1.20 83.2
37 6.0207 1.30 2.18 1.69 59.02 7.82 0.50 1.45 1.33 75.2
38 6.1629 1.15 2.14 1.67 59.80 7.96 0.65 1.67 1.44 69.5
39 6.3052 1.01 2.05 1.63 61.31 8.11 0.79 1.85 1.52 65.4
40 6.4474 0.87 1.93 1.57 63.66 8.25 0.93 1.99 1.60 62.5
41 6.5897 0.73 1.78 1.49 67.03 8.39 1.07 2.09 1.65 60.6
42 6.7319 0.58 1.58 1.39 71.75 8.53 1.22 2.16 1.68 59.4
43 6.8741 0.44 1.35 1.27 78.32 8.67 1.36 2.19 1.69 58.9
44 7.0164 0.30 1.08 1.08 92.69 8.82 1.28 2.18 1.69 59.1
45 7.1586 0.16 0.77 0.77 130.02 8.96 1.14 2.13 1.67 59.9
46 7.3009 0.02 0.42 0.42 237.26 9.10 1.00 2.04 1.62 61.5
47 7.4431 0.13 0.69 0.69 143.69 9.24 0.86 1.92 1.56 63.9
48 7.5853 0.27 1.01 1.01 98.62 9.39 0.71 1.76 1.48 67.4
49 7.7276 0.41 1.29 1.25 80.09 9.53 0.57 1.56 1.38 72.2
50 7.8698 0.55 1.53 1.37 73.01 9.67 0.43 1.32 1.26 79.0
51 8.0121 0.70 1.74 1.47 67.94 9.81 0.29 1.05 1.05 95.0
52 8.1543 0.84 1.90 1.55 64.30 9.95 0.15 0.74 0.74 135.2
53 8.2966 0.98 2.03 1.62 61.75 10.10 0.00 0.39 0.39 257.3
54 8.4388 1.12 2.12 1.66 60.07 10.24 0.14 0.55 0.55 182.3
55 8.581 1.26 2.17 1.69 59.13 10.38 0.28 0.72 0.72 139.0
56 8.7233 1.38 2.19 1.69 58.87 10.52 0.42 0.89 0.89 112.3
57 8.8655 1.23 2.17 1.68 59.27 10.67 0.57 1.06 1.06 94.2
58 9.0078 1.09 2.11 1.65 60.36 10.81 0.71 1.23 1.21 82.1
59 9.15 0.95 2.01 1.60 62.22 10.95 0.85 1.40 1.30 76.7
118
2Lane Class - A TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 2 FOR LIVE LOAD
Load on Wheel-1 = 57.000 kN Load on Wheel-2 = 57.000 kN
Load on Wheel-3 = 57.000 kN Load on Wheel-4 = 57.000 kN
Distance Between Two vehicle C/C of wheel (Traffic direction) = 1.700 m
Distance between two Wheels C/C (Transverse direction) = 1.800 m
initial position of first wheel( Wheel 1) = 0.900 m
Final position of first wheel( Wheel 1) = 5.650 m
Number of load generation = 40 nos
119
Wheel-1 Wheel-2 Wheel-3 Wheel-4
Load Dist. of P with Dist. of P with Dist. of P with Dist. of P with
beff beff beff beff
Case Position Nearest beff Impact Position Nearest beff Impact Position Nearest beff Impact Position Nearest beff Impact
(mod) (mod) (mod) (mod)
Support (kN) Support (kN) Support (kN) Support (kN)
1 0.9 0.85 1.40 1.30 76.71 2.700 0.95 2.01 1.60 62.22 4.400 0.13 0.71 0.71 140.40 6.200 1.12 2.12 1.66 60.12
2 1.0188 0.73 1.26 1.23 81.16 2.819 1.07 2.09 1.65 60.61 4.519 0.01 0.42 0.42 238.55 6.319 1.00 2.04 1.62 61.50
3 1.1375 0.61 1.12 1.12 89.41 2.938 1.19 2.15 1.67 59.55 4.638 0.10 0.64 0.64 155.79 6.438 0.88 1.94 1.57 63.46
4 1.2563 0.49 0.97 0.97 102.51 3.056 1.31 2.18 1.69 58.99 4.756 0.22 0.91 0.91 109.28 6.556 0.76 1.82 1.51 66.13
5 1.375 0.38 0.83 0.83 120.09 3.175 1.36 2.19 1.69 58.89 4.875 0.34 1.16 1.16 86.07 6.675 0.64 1.66 1.43 69.67
6 1.4938 0.26 0.69 0.69 144.96 3.294 1.24 2.17 1.68 59.24 4.994 0.46 1.38 1.29 77.36 6.794 0.52 1.48 1.34 74.33
7 1.6125 0.14 0.55 0.55 182.83 3.413 1.12 2.12 1.66 60.08 5.113 0.58 1.57 1.39 71.96 6.913 0.40 1.28 1.24 80.51
8 1.7313 0.02 0.40 0.40 247.46 3.531 1.00 2.05 1.62 61.43 5.231 0.70 1.74 1.47 67.87 7.031 0.29 1.05 1.05 95.40
9 1.85 0.10 0.63 0.63 158.47 3.650 0.88 1.95 1.57 63.38 5.350 0.82 1.88 1.54 64.77 7.150 0.17 0.79 0.79 126.75
10 1.9688 0.22 0.90 0.90 110.47 3.769 0.76 1.82 1.51 66.02 5.469 0.94 1.99 1.60 62.45 7.269 0.05 0.50 0.50 198.70
11 2.0875 0.34 1.15 1.15 86.73 3.888 0.65 1.67 1.43 69.52 5.588 1.05 2.08 1.64 60.78 7.388 0.07 0.56 0.56 178.16
12 2.2063 0.46 1.37 1.29 77.60 4.006 0.53 1.49 1.35 74.13 5.706 1.17 2.14 1.67 59.65 7.506 0.19 0.84 0.84 118.79
13 2.325 0.57 1.57 1.38 72.14 4.125 0.41 1.29 1.24 80.24 5.825 1.29 2.18 1.69 59.03 7.625 0.31 1.09 1.09 91.25
14 2.4438 0.69 1.73 1.47 68.01 4.244 0.29 1.05 1.05 94.56 5.944 1.37 2.19 1.69 58.87 7.744 0.43 1.32 1.26 79.16
15 2.5625 0.81 1.88 1.54 64.87 4.363 0.17 0.80 0.80 125.11 6.063 1.25 2.17 1.69 59.18 7.863 0.55 1.52 1.36 73.32
16 2.6813 0.93 1.99 1.60 62.53 4.481 0.05 0.51 0.51 194.33 6.181 1.14 2.13 1.66 59.95 7.981 0.66 1.70 1.45 68.90
17 2.8 1.05 2.08 1.64 60.83 4.600 0.07 0.55 0.55 181.77 6.300 1.02 2.06 1.63 61.24 8.100 0.78 1.84 1.52 65.55
18 2.9188 1.17 2.14 1.67 59.69 4.719 0.19 0.83 0.83 120.24 6.419 0.90 1.96 1.58 63.11 8.219 0.90 1.97 1.58 63.03
19 3.0375 1.29 2.18 1.69 59.05 4.838 0.30 1.08 1.08 92.02 6.538 0.78 1.84 1.52 65.66 8.338 1.02 2.06 1.63 61.18
20 3.1563 1.38 2.19 1.69 58.87 4.956 0.42 1.31 1.26 79.41 6.656 0.66 1.69 1.44 69.05 8.456 1.14 2.13 1.66 59.91
21 3.275 1.26 2.17 1.69 59.16 5.075 0.54 1.51 1.36 73.51 6.775 0.54 1.51 1.36 73.51 8.575 1.26 2.17 1.69 59.16
22 3.3938 1.14 2.13 1.66 59.91 5.194 0.66 1.69 1.44 69.05 6.894 0.42 1.31 1.26 79.41 8.694 1.38 2.19 1.69 58.87
23 3.5125 1.02 2.06 1.63 61.18 5.313 0.78 1.84 1.52 65.66 7.013 0.30 1.08 1.08 92.02 8.813 1.29 2.18 1.69 59.05
24 3.6313 0.90 1.97 1.58 63.03 5.431 0.90 1.96 1.58 63.11 7.131 0.19 0.83 0.83 120.24 8.931 1.17 2.14 1.67 59.69
25 3.75 0.78 1.84 1.52 65.55 5.550 1.02 2.06 1.63 61.24 7.250 0.07 0.55 0.55 181.77 9.050 1.05 2.08 1.64 60.83
26 3.8688 0.66 1.70 1.45 68.90 5.669 1.14 2.13 1.66 59.95 7.369 0.05 0.51 0.51 194.33 9.169 0.93 1.99 1.60 62.53
27 3.9875 0.55 1.52 1.36 73.32 5.788 1.25 2.17 1.69 59.18 7.488 0.17 0.80 0.80 125.11 9.288 0.81 1.88 1.54 64.87
30 4.3438 0.19 0.84 0.84 118.79 6.144 1.17 2.14 1.67 59.65 7.844 0.53 1.49 1.35 74.13 9.644 0.46 1.37 1.29 77.60
31 4.4625 0.07 0.56 0.56 178.16 6.263 1.05 2.08 1.64 60.78 7.963 0.65 1.67 1.43 69.52 9.763 0.34 1.15 1.15 86.73
32 4.5813 0.05 0.50 0.50 198.70 6.381 0.94 1.99 1.60 62.45 8.081 0.76 1.82 1.51 66.02 9.881 0.22 0.90 0.90 110.47
33 4.7 0.17 0.79 0.79 126.75 6.500 0.82 1.88 1.54 64.77 8.200 0.88 1.95 1.57 63.38 10.000 0.10 0.63 0.63 158.47
34 4.8188 0.29 1.05 1.05 95.40 6.619 0.70 1.74 1.47 67.87 8.319 1.00 2.05 1.62 61.43 10.119 0.02 0.40 0.40 247.46
35 4.9375 0.40 1.28 1.24 80.51 6.738 0.58 1.57 1.39 71.96 8.438 1.12 2.12 1.66 60.08 10.238 0.14 0.55 0.55 182.83
36 5.0563 0.52 1.48 1.34 74.33 6.856 0.46 1.38 1.29 77.36 8.556 1.24 2.17 1.68 59.24 10.356 0.26 0.69 0.69 144.96
37 5.175 0.64 1.66 1.43 69.67 6.975 0.34 1.16 1.16 86.07 8.675 1.36 2.19 1.69 58.89 10.475 0.38 0.83 0.83 120.09
38 5.2938 0.76 1.82 1.51 66.13 7.094 0.22 0.91 0.91 109.28 8.794 1.31 2.18 1.69 58.99 10.594 0.49 0.97 0.97 102.51
39 5.4125 0.88 1.94 1.57 63.46 7.213 0.10 0.64 0.64 155.79 8.913 1.19 2.15 1.67 59.55 10.713 0.61 1.12 1.12 89.41
40 5.5313 1.00 2.04 1.62 61.50 7.331 0.01 0.42 0.42 238.55 9.031 1.07 2.09 1.65 60.61 10.831 0.73 1.26 1.23 81.16
41 5.65 1.12 2.12 1.66 60.12 7.450 0.13 0.71 0.71 140.40 9.150 0.95 2.01 1.60 62.22 10.950 0.85 1.40 1.30 76.71
1Lane 40T Boggie (L-Type) TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 3 FOR LIVE LOAD
Load on Wheel-1 = 100 kN Load on Wheel-2 = 100 kN

Max. load on a wheel = 100 kN
Max. tyre pressure = 5.273 kg/cm2 Contact area = 1896.5 cm2
Contact width along span = 810 mm Contact width across span = 234.1 mm
Distance between two loads across span = 1.22 m 1.93 = 0.364 m
Distances between C/C of wheel Across the
5.273 = 1.93 m
traffic
Impact factor = 1.25
Initial position of first wheel = 2.13 m
Final Position of first wheel = 7.790 m
Transverse increment = 0.1132 m
Wheel-1 Wheel-2
beff beff
Case Position Nearest beff Impact Position Nearest beff Impact
(mod) (mod)
1 2.13 0.38 1.22 1.22 102.77 4.06 0.47 1.39 1.30 95.94
2 2.2432 0.49 1.42 1.32 94.76 4.1732 0.36 1.18 1.18 105.97
3 2.3564 0.61 1.60 1.41 88.76 4.2864 0.25 0.95 0.95 131.64
4 2.4696 0.72 1.75 1.49 84.16 4.3996 0.13 0.70 0.70 179.72
5 2.5828 0.83 1.88 1.55 80.62 4.5128 0.02 0.42 0.42 299.37
6 2.696 0.95 1.99 1.60 77.95 4.626 0.09 0.60 0.60 209.51
7 2.8092 1.06 2.07 1.64 76.00 4.7392 0.21 0.86 0.86 145.45
8 2.9224 1.17 2.13 1.67 74.67 4.8524 0.32 1.10 1.10 113.82
9 3.0356 1.29 2.16 1.69 73.91 4.9656 0.43 1.31 1.27 98.69
10 3.1488 1.38 2.17 1.70 73.68 5.0788 0.55 1.50 1.36 91.77
11 3.262 1.27 2.16 1.69 73.97 5.192 0.66 1.67 1.45 86.47
12 3.3752 1.16 2.12 1.67 74.80 5.3052 0.77 1.81 1.52 82.39
13 3.4884 1.05 2.06 1.64 76.20 5.4184 0.88 1.93 1.58 79.28
14 3.6016 0.93 1.98 1.60 78.23 5.5316 1.00 2.03 1.62 76.96
15 3.7148 0.82 1.87 1.54 81.00 5.6448 1.11 2.10 1.66 75.31
16 3.828 0.71 1.73 1.48 84.65 5.758 1.22 2.15 1.68 74.25
17 3.9412 0.59 1.58 1.40 89.40 5.8712 1.34 2.17 1.70 73.74
18 4.0544 0.48 1.40 1.31 95.59 5.9844 1.33 2.17 1.69 73.75
19 4.1676 0.37 1.19 1.19 105.01 6.0976 1.22 2.15 1.68 74.29
20 4.2808 0.25 0.96 0.96 130.01 6.2108 1.11 2.10 1.66 75.37
21 4.394 0.14 0.71 0.71 176.39 6.324 0.99 2.02 1.62 77.06
22 4.5072 0.03 0.43 0.43 289.44 6.4372 0.88 1.93 1.57 79.42
23 4.6204 0.09 0.58 0.58 214.40 6.5504 0.77 1.81 1.51 82.57
24 4.7336 0.20 0.85 0.85 147.58 6.6636 0.65 1.66 1.44 86.70
25 4.8468 0.31 1.09 1.09 114.99 6.7768 0.54 1.50 1.36 92.07
26 4.96 0.43 1.30 1.26 99.08 6.89 0.43 1.30 1.26 99.08
27 5.0732 0.54 1.50 1.36 92.07 7.0032 0.31 1.09 1.09 114.99
28 5.1864 0.65 1.66 1.44 86.70 7.1164 0.20 0.85 0.85 147.58
29 5.2996 0.77 1.81 1.51 82.57 7.2296 0.09 0.58 0.58 214.40
30 5.4128 0.88 1.93 1.57 79.42 7.3428 0.03 0.43 0.43 289.44
31 5.526 0.99 2.02 1.62 77.06 7.456 0.14 0.71 0.71 176.39
32 5.6392 1.11 2.10 1.66 75.37 7.5692 0.25 0.96 0.96 130.01
33 5.7524 1.22 2.15 1.68 74.29 7.6824 0.37 1.19 1.19 105.01
34 5.8656 1.33 2.17 1.69 73.75 7.7956 0.48 1.40 1.31 95.59
35 5.9788 1.34 2.17 1.70 73.74 7.9088 0.59 1.58 1.40 89.40
36 6.092 1.22 2.15 1.68 74.25 8.022 0.71 1.73 1.48 84.65
37 6.2052 1.11 2.10 1.66 75.31 8.1352 0.82 1.87 1.54 81.00
38 6.3184 1.00 2.03 1.62 76.96 8.2484 0.93 1.98 1.60 78.23
39 6.4316 0.88 1.93 1.58 79.28 8.3616 1.05 2.06 1.64 76.20
40 6.5448 0.77 1.81 1.52 82.39 8.4748 1.16 2.12 1.67 74.80
41 6.658 0.66 1.67 1.45 86.47 8.588 1.27 2.16 1.69 73.97
42 6.7712 0.55 1.50 1.36 91.77 8.7012 1.38 2.17 1.70 73.68
43 6.8844 0.43 1.31 1.27 98.69 8.8144 1.29 2.16 1.69 73.91
44 6.9976 0.32 1.10 1.10 113.82 8.9276 1.17 2.13 1.67 74.67
45 7.1108 0.21 0.86 0.86 145.45 9.0408 1.06 2.07 1.64 76.00
46 7.224 0.09 0.60 0.60 209.51 9.154 0.95 1.99 1.60 77.95
47 7.3372 0.02 0.42 0.42 299.37 9.2672 0.83 1.88 1.55 80.62
48 7.4504 0.13 0.70 0.70 179.72 9.3804 0.72 1.75 1.49 84.16
49 7.5636 0.25 0.95 0.95 131.64 9.4936 0.61 1.60 1.41 88.76
50 7.6768 0.36 1.18 1.18 105.97 9.6068 0.49 1.42 1.32 94.76
51 7.79 0.47 1.39 1.30 95.94 9.72 0.38 1.22 1.22 102.77
2
TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 4 FOR LIVE LOAD
1Lane 40T Boggie (M-Type)

Max. load on a wheel = 50 kN
Max. tyre pressure = 5.273 kg/cm2 Contact area = 948.2 cm2
Contact width along span = 360 mm Contact width across span = 263 mm
Distance between two loads across span = 0.79 m b1 = 0.393 m
Initial Position of first wheel = 1.905 m
Final position of first wheel = 7.565 m
No of Load generation = 50
Transverse increament = 0.1132 m
3
beff beff beff beff
1 1.905 0.15 0.77 0.77 80.88 2.7 0.95 2.02 1.40 44.49 3.49 1.04 2.09 1.44 43.41 4.285 0.25 0.98 0.89 70.55
2 2.0182 0.27 1.02 0.91 68.97 2.8132 1.06 2.10 1.45 43.23 3.6032 0.93 2.00 1.40 44.74 4.3982 0.14 0.73 0.73 85.84
3 2.1314 0.38 1.25 1.02 61.33 2.9264 1.18 2.16 1.47 42.39 3.7164 0.82 1.89 1.34 46.57 4.5114 0.02 0.45 0.45 138.77
4 2.2446 0.49 1.45 1.12 55.80 3.0396 1.29 2.19 1.49 41.91 3.8296 0.70 1.76 1.28 49.01 4.6246 0.09 0.62 0.62 100.40
5 2.3578 0.61 1.63 1.21 51.70 3.1528 1.38 2.20 1.50 41.77 3.9428 0.59 1.60 1.20 52.23 4.7378 0.20 0.89 0.84 74.60
6 2.471 0.72 1.78 1.29 48.61 3.266 1.27 2.19 1.49 41.97 4.056 0.48 1.42 1.11 56.51 4.851 0.32 1.12 0.96 65.28
7 2.5842 0.83 1.91 1.35 46.27 3.3792 1.15 2.15 1.47 42.52 4.1692 0.36 1.22 1.00 62.29 4.9642 0.43 1.34 1.06 58.69
8 2.6974 0.95 2.02 1.40 44.52 3.4924 1.04 2.09 1.44 43.44 4.2824 0.25 0.99 0.89 70.33 5.0774 0.54 1.53 1.16 53.85
9 2.8106 1.06 2.10 1.44 43.26 3.6056 0.93 2.00 1.40 44.78 4.3956 0.14 0.73 0.73 85.13 5.1906 0.66 1.70 1.24 50.23
10 2.9238 1.17 2.16 1.47 42.40 3.7188 0.81 1.89 1.34 46.62 4.5088 0.02 0.46 0.46 136.75 5.3038 0.77 1.84 1.32 47.50
11 3.037 1.29 2.19 1.49 41.92 3.832 0.70 1.76 1.27 49.07 4.622 0.09 0.62 0.62 101.43 5.417 0.88 1.96 1.38 45.43
12 3.1502 1.38 2.20 1.50 41.77 3.9452 0.59 1.60 1.19 52.31 4.7352 0.20 0.88 0.83 74.86 5.5302 1.00 2.06 1.42 43.91
13 3.2634 1.27 2.19 1.49 41.97 4.0584 0.48 1.42 1.10 56.62 4.8484 0.31 1.12 0.95 65.46 5.6434 1.11 2.13 1.46 42.83
14 3.3766 1.16 2.15 1.47 42.50 4.1716 0.36 1.21 1.00 62.44 4.9616 0.43 1.34 1.06 58.82 5.7566 1.22 2.18 1.48 42.15
15 3.4898 1.04 2.09 1.44 43.41 4.2848 0.25 0.98 0.89 70.53 5.0748 0.54 1.53 1.16 53.95 5.8698 1.34 2.20 1.49 41.81
16 3.603 0.93 2.00 1.40 44.74 4.398 0.14 0.73 0.73 85.79 5.188 0.65 1.69 1.24 50.30 5.983 1.33 2.20 1.49 41.82
17 3.7162 0.82 1.89 1.34 46.57 4.5112 0.02 0.45 0.45 138.61 5.3012 0.77 1.84 1.31 47.55 6.0962 1.22 2.17 1.48 42.16
18 3.8294 0.70 1.76 1.28 49.00 4.6244 0.09 0.62 0.62 100.48 5.4144 0.88 1.96 1.37 45.47 6.2094 1.11 2.13 1.46 42.86
19 3.9426 0.59 1.60 1.20 52.22 4.7376 0.20 0.89 0.84 74.62 5.5276 0.99 2.05 1.42 43.94 6.3226 0.99 2.05 1.42 43.94
20 4.0558 0.48 1.42 1.11 56.50 4.8508 0.32 1.12 0.96 65.30 5.6408 1.11 2.13 1.46 42.85 6.4358 0.88 1.96 1.37 45.48
21 4.169 0.36 1.22 1.00 62.28 4.964 0.43 1.34 1.06 58.70 5.754 1.22 2.18 1.48 42.16 6.549 0.77 1.84 1.31 47.55
22 4.2822 0.25 0.99 0.89 70.31 5.0772 0.54 1.53 1.16 53.86 5.8672 1.33 2.20 1.49 41.82 6.6622 0.65 1.69 1.24 50.31
23 4.3954 0.14 0.73 0.73 85.08 5.1904 0.66 1.70 1.24 50.24 5.9804 1.34 2.20 1.49 41.81 6.7754 0.54 1.53 1.16 53.96
24 4.5086 0.02 0.46 0.46 136.59 5.3036 0.77 1.84 1.32 47.50 6.0936 1.22 2.18 1.48 42.15 6.8886 0.43 1.33 1.06 58.83
25 4.6218 0.09 0.62 0.62 101.51 5.4168 0.88 1.96 1.38 45.44 6.2068 1.11 2.13 1.46 42.84 7.0018 0.31 1.12 0.95 65.48
26 4.735 0.20 0.88 0.83 74.88 5.53 1.00 2.06 1.42 43.91 6.32 1.00 2.06 1.42 43.91 7.115 0.20 0.88 0.83 74.88
27 4.8482 0.31 1.12 0.95 65.48 5.6432 1.11 2.13 1.46 42.84 6.4332 0.88 1.96 1.38 45.44 7.2282 0.09 0.62 0.62 101.51
28 4.9614 0.43 1.33 1.06 58.83 5.7564 1.22 2.18 1.48 42.15 6.5464 0.77 1.84 1.32 47.50 7.3414 0.02 0.46 0.46 136.59
29 5.0746 0.54 1.53 1.16 53.96 5.8696 1.34 2.20 1.49 41.81 6.6596 0.66 1.70 1.24 50.24 7.4546 0.14 0.73 0.73 85.08
30 5.1878 0.65 1.69 1.24 50.31 5.9828 1.33 2.20 1.49 41.82 6.7728 0.54 1.53 1.16 53.86 7.5678 0.25 0.99 0.89 70.31
31 5.301 0.77 1.84 1.31 47.55 6.096 1.22 2.18 1.48 42.16 6.886 0.43 1.34 1.06 58.70 7.681 0.36 1.22 1.00 62.28
32 5.4142 0.88 1.96 1.37 45.48 6.2092 1.11 2.13 1.46 42.85 6.9992 0.32 1.12 0.96 65.30 7.7942 0.48 1.42 1.11 56.50
33 5.5274 0.99 2.05 1.42 43.94 6.3224 0.99 2.05 1.42 43.94 7.1124 0.20 0.89 0.84 74.62 7.9074 0.59 1.60 1.20 52.22
34 5.6406 1.11 2.13 1.46 42.86 6.4356 0.88 1.96 1.37 45.47 7.2256 0.09 0.62 0.62 100.48 8.0206 0.70 1.76 1.28 49.00
35 5.7538 1.22 2.17 1.48 42.16 6.5488 0.77 1.84 1.31 47.55 7.3388 0.02 0.45 0.45 138.61 8.1338 0.82 1.89 1.34 46.57
36 5.867 1.33 2.20 1.49 41.82 6.662 0.65 1.69 1.24 50.30 7.452 0.14 0.73 0.73 85.79 8.247 0.93 2.00 1.40 44.74
37 5.9802 1.34 2.20 1.49 41.81 6.7752 0.54 1.53 1.16 53.95 7.5652 0.25 0.98 0.89 70.53 8.3602 1.04 2.09 1.44 43.41
38 6.0934 1.22 2.18 1.48 42.15 6.8884 0.43 1.34 1.06 58.82 7.6784 0.36 1.21 1.00 62.44 8.4734 1.16 2.15 1.47 42.50
39 6.2066 1.11 2.13 1.46 42.83 7.0016 0.31 1.12 0.95 65.46 7.7916 0.48 1.42 1.10 56.62 8.5866 1.27 2.19 1.49 41.97
40 6.3198 1.00 2.06 1.42 43.91 7.1148 0.20 0.88 0.83 74.86 7.9048 0.59 1.60 1.19 52.31 8.6998 1.38 2.20 1.50 41.77
41 6.433 0.88 1.96 1.38 45.43 7.228 0.09 0.62 0.62 101.43 8.018 0.70 1.76 1.27 49.07 8.813 1.29 2.19 1.49 41.92
42 6.5462 0.77 1.84 1.32 47.50 7.3412 0.02 0.46 0.46 136.75 8.1312 0.81 1.89 1.34 46.62 8.9262 1.17 2.16 1.47 42.40
43 6.6594 0.66 1.70 1.24 50.23 7.4544 0.14 0.73 0.73 85.13 8.2444 0.93 2.00 1.40 44.78 9.0394 1.06 2.10 1.44 43.26
44 6.7726 0.54 1.53 1.16 53.85 7.5676 0.25 0.99 0.89 70.33 8.3576 1.04 2.09 1.44 43.44 9.1526 0.95 2.02 1.40 44.52
45 6.8858 0.43 1.34 1.06 58.69 7.6808 0.36 1.22 1.00 62.29 8.4708 1.15 2.15 1.47 42.52 9.2658 0.83 1.91 1.35 46.27
46 6.999 0.32 1.12 0.96 65.28 7.794 0.48 1.42 1.11 56.51 8.584 1.27 2.19 1.49 41.97 9.379 0.72 1.78 1.29 48.61
47 7.1122 0.20 0.89 0.84 74.60 7.9072 0.59 1.60 1.20 52.23 8.6972 1.38 2.20 1.50 41.77 9.4922 0.61 1.63 1.21 51.70
48 7.2254 0.09 0.62 0.62 100.40 8.0204 0.70 1.76 1.28 49.01 8.8104 1.29 2.19 1.49 41.91 9.6054 0.49 1.45 1.12 55.80
49 7.3386 0.02 0.45 0.45 138.77 8.1336 0.82 1.89 1.34 46.57 8.9236 1.18 2.16 1.47 42.39 9.7186 0.38 1.25 1.02 61.33
50 7.4518 0.14 0.73 0.73 85.84 8.2468 0.93 2.00 1.40 44.74 9.0368 1.06 2.10 1.45 43.23 9.8318 0.27 1.02 0.91 68.97
51 7.565 0.25 0.98 0.89 70.55 8.36 1.04 2.09 1.44 43.41 9.15 0.95 2.02 1.40 44.49 9.945 0.15 0.77 0.77 80.88
1Lane 70R Track TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 5 FOR LIVE LOAD

Contact width along span = 4570 mm Contact width across span = 840 mm
Initial Position of first wheel = 3.985
Final position of first wheel = 7.67
No of Load generation = 50
Transverse increament = 0.0737
Wheel-1 Wheel-2
beff beff
Case Position Nearest beff Impact Position Nearest beff Impact
(mod) (mod)
1 3.985 0.55 2.12 2.09 209.58 6.045 1.27 2.77 2.41 181.33
2 4.0587 0.47 1.99 1.99 219.42 6.1187 1.20 2.74 2.40 182.14
3 4.1324 0.40 1.86 1.86 234.89 6.1924 1.12 2.71 2.39 183.36
4 4.2061 0.33 1.72 1.72 254.20 6.2661 1.05 2.67 2.37 184.98
5 4.2798 0.25 1.57 1.57 278.75 6.3398 0.98 2.62 2.34 187.04
6 4.3535 0.18 1.41 1.41 310.78 6.4135 0.90 2.56 2.31 189.56
7 4.4272 0.11 1.24 1.24 354.02 6.4872 0.83 2.48 2.27 192.58
8 4.5009 0.03 1.05 1.05 415.18 6.5609 0.76 2.40 2.23 196.14
9 4.5746 0.04 1.08 1.08 406.87 6.6346 0.68 2.31 2.18 200.30
10 4.6483 0.11 1.26 1.26 348.28 6.7083 0.61 2.21 2.13 205.12
11 4.722 0.19 1.43 1.43 306.61 6.782 0.53 2.09 2.08 210.70
12 4.7957 0.26 1.59 1.59 275.59 6.8557 0.46 1.97 1.97 222.11
13 4.8694 0.34 1.74 1.74 251.74 6.9294 0.39 1.84 1.84 238.23
14 4.9431 0.41 1.88 1.88 232.93 7.0031 0.31 1.69 1.69 258.40
15 5.0168 0.48 2.01 2.01 217.84 7.0768 0.24 1.54 1.54 284.18
16 5.0905 0.56 2.13 2.09 208.91 7.1505 0.17 1.38 1.38 317.98
17 5.1642 0.63 2.24 2.15 203.57 7.2242 0.09 1.20 1.20 363.97
18 5.2379 0.70 2.34 2.20 198.96 7.2979 0.02 1.02 1.02 429.75
19 5.3116 0.78 2.43 2.24 194.99 7.3716 0.06 1.11 1.11 393.99
20 5.3853 0.85 2.51 2.28 191.60 7.4453 0.13 1.29 1.29 339.31
21 5.459 0.93 2.58 2.32 188.74 7.519 0.20 1.46 1.46 300.03
22 5.5327 1.00 2.64 2.35 186.36 7.5927 0.28 1.62 1.62 270.59
23 5.6064 1.07 2.68 2.37 184.44 7.6664 0.35 1.77 1.77 247.82
24 5.6801 1.15 2.72 2.39 182.94 7.7401 0.42 1.90 1.90 229.81
25 5.7538 1.22 2.75 2.41 181.85 7.8138 0.50 2.03 2.03 215.31
26 5.8275 1.29 2.77 2.42 181.16 7.8875 0.57 2.15 2.10 207.84
27 5.9012 1.37 2.78 2.42 180.84 7.9612 0.64 2.26 2.16 202.64
28 5.9749 1.34 2.78 2.42 180.91 8.0349 0.72 2.36 2.21 198.16
29 6.0486 1.27 2.76 2.41 181.36 8.1086 0.79 2.44 2.25 194.30
30 6.1223 1.19 2.74 2.40 182.19 8.1823 0.87 2.52 2.29 191.02
31 6.196 1.12 2.71 2.39 183.43 8.256 0.94 2.59 2.32 188.25
32 6.2697 1.05 2.67 2.36 185.07 8.3297 1.01 2.65 2.35 185.96
33 6.3434 0.97 2.62 2.34 187.15 8.4034 1.09 2.69 2.38 184.12
34 6.4171 0.90 2.55 2.31 189.69 8.4771 1.16 2.73 2.39 182.70
35 6.4908 0.83 2.48 2.27 192.74 8.5508 1.23 2.76 2.41 181.69
36 6.5645 0.75 2.40 2.23 196.33 8.6245 1.31 2.77 2.42 181.07
37 6.6382 0.68 2.30 2.18 200.52 8.6982 1.38 2.78 2.42 180.83
38 6.7119 0.60 2.20 2.13 205.38 8.7719 1.33 2.78 2.42 180.97
39 6.7856 0.53 2.09 2.07 210.99 8.8456 1.25 2.76 2.41 181.49
40 6.8593 0.46 1.96 1.96 222.82 8.9193 1.18 2.74 2.40 182.40
41 6.933 0.38 1.83 1.83 239.11 8.993 1.11 2.70 2.38 183.71
42 7.0067 0.31 1.69 1.69 259.52 9.0667 1.03 2.66 2.36 185.43
43 7.0804 0.24 1.53 1.53 285.62 9.1404 0.96 2.60 2.33 187.60
44 7.1541 0.16 1.37 1.37 319.90 9.2141 0.89 2.54 2.30 190.23
45 7.2278 0.09 1.19 1.19 366.64 9.2878 0.81 2.46 2.26 193.37
46 7.3015 0.02 1.01 1.01 433.69 9.3615 0.74 2.38 2.22 197.07
47 7.3752 0.06 1.12 1.12 390.83 9.4352 0.66 2.28 2.17 201.39
48 7.4489 0.13 1.30 1.30 337.09 9.5089 0.59 2.18 2.12 206.38
49 7.5226 0.21 1.47 1.47 298.40 9.5826 0.52 2.06 2.06 212.16
50 7.5963 0.280 1.62 1.62 269.34 9.6563 0.44 1.94 1.94 225.65
51 7.67 0.35 1.77 1.77 246.85 9.73 0.37 1.80 1.80 242.63
2
70Rw+1lca TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 6 FOR LIVE LOAD
70RW
2
Max. tyre pressure = 5.273 kg/cm Contact area for 70RW = 1612.0 cm2
Contact width across
Contact width along span = 810 mm = 199.0 mm
span
1Lane Class - A
Contact width along
Contact width across span = 250 mm = 500 mm
span
Distance between two loads across span = 1.200 m
Minimum edge distance upto c/l of wheel = 0.400 m
b1 = 0.380 m
Load on Wheel-3 = 57.000 kN Load on Wheel-4 = 57 kN
Impact factor = 1.5
initial position of first wheel(70Rw) = 2.130 m
initial position of 2nd wheel(1LCA) = 7.740
Final position of 2nd wheel of 1LCA = 10.950 m
Total movement of train = 3.210 m
Number of load generation = 20
3
beff beff beff beff
1 2.13 0.38 1.18 1.18 89.95 4.06 0.47 1.35 1.28 83.31 6.12 1.20 2.15 1.68 50.99 7.92 0.60 1.61 1.40 60.88
2 2.2905 0.54 1.46 1.46 72.74 4.2205 0.31 1.05 1.05 101.07 6.2805 1.04 2.07 1.64 52.28 8.0805 0.76 1.82 1.51 56.60
3 2.451 0.70 1.69 1.69 62.80 4.381 0.15 0.70 0.70 150.97 6.441 0.88 1.94 1.57 54.46 8.241 0.92 1.99 1.59 53.69
4 2.6115 0.86 1.88 1.88 56.67 4.5415 0.01 0.35 0.35 303.79 6.6015 0.72 1.76 1.48 57.74 8.4015 1.09 2.10 1.65 51.80
5 2.772 1.02 2.01 1.97 53.93 4.702 0.17 0.74 0.74 143.47 6.762 0.55 1.53 1.37 62.54 8.562 1.25 2.17 1.68 50.76
6 2.9325 1.18 2.10 2.01 52.77 4.8625 0.33 1.08 1.08 98.08 6.9225 0.39 1.26 1.23 69.53 8.7225 1.38 2.19 1.69 50.46
7 3.093 1.34 2.14 2.03 52.27 5.023 0.49 1.38 1.29 82.43 7.083 0.23 0.94 0.94 91.33 8.883 1.22 2.16 1.68 50.89
8 3.2535 1.28 2.13 2.03 52.39 5.1835 0.65 1.62 1.41 75.24 7.2435 0.07 0.56 0.56 151.38 9.0435 1.06 2.08 1.64 52.07
9 3.414 1.12 2.07 2.00 53.14 5.344 0.81 1.82 1.51 70.30 7.404 0.09 0.60 0.60 142.42 9.204 0.90 1.96 1.58 54.13
10 3.5745 0.96 1.96 1.95 54.58 5.5045 0.97 1.97 1.59 66.98 7.5645 0.25 0.97 0.97 88.39 9.3645 0.73 1.79 1.49 57.26
11 3.735 0.80 1.81 1.81 58.72 5.665 1.13 2.07 1.64 64.89 7.725 0.41 1.29 1.24 68.78 9.525 0.57 1.57 1.38 61.84
12 3.8955 0.64 1.61 1.61 66.10 5.8255 1.29 2.13 1.66 63.84 7.8855 0.57 1.56 1.38 62.03 9.6855 0.41 1.30 1.25 68.50
13 4.056 0.48 1.36 1.36 78.27 5.986 1.33 2.13 1.67 63.73 8.046 0.73 1.78 1.49 57.39 9.846 0.25 0.98 0.98 87.33
14 4.2165 0.32 1.06 1.06 100.30 6.1465 1.17 2.09 1.65 64.55 8.2065 0.89 1.95 1.58 54.22 10.007 0.09 0.61 0.61 139.31
15 4.377 0.16 0.71 0.71 149.01 6.307 1.01 2.00 1.60 66.37 8.367 1.05 2.08 1.64 52.13 10.167 0.07 0.46 0.46 185.47
16 4.5375 0.00 0.34 0.34 313.06 6.4675 0.85 1.86 1.53 69.38 8.5275 1.21 2.16 1.68 50.92 10.328 0.23 0.65 0.65 130.81
17 4.698 0.16 0.73 0.73 145.26 6.628 0.69 1.68 1.44 73.88 8.688 1.37 2.19 1.69 50.46 10.488 0.39 0.85 0.85 101.04
18 4.8585 0.32 1.08 1.08 98.81 6.7885 0.53 1.44 1.32 80.45 8.8485 1.25 2.17 1.69 50.73 10.649 0.55 1.04 1.04 82.31
19 5.019 0.49 1.37 1.37 77.49 6.949 0.37 1.16 1.16 91.73 9.009 1.09 2.10 1.65 51.75 10.809 0.71 1.23 1.22 70.33
20 5.1795 0.65 1.62 1.62 65.64 7.1095 0.21 0.83 0.83 128.45 9.1695 0.93 1.99 1.59 53.61 10.97 0.87 1.42 1.31 65.17
21 5.34 0.81 1.82 1.82 58.44 7.27 0.05 0.45 0.45 237.22 9.33 0.77 1.83 1.51 56.48 11.13 1.03 1.62 1.41 60.71
DESIGN FORCES FOR DECK SLAB
INTRODUCTION :
The RCC deck slab is analysed as 2-Dimensional frame considering 1m width of slab. The slab is supported
over longitudinal girders. The concentrated live load for 1m width of deck slab is calculated as per effective
width method given in AnnexureB-3 of IRC-112. The analysis of deck slab is carried out for Transverse Live
Load.
Analysis Models
Analysis Model with Member Numbering
Analysis Model with Node Numbering

Summarry of unfactored B.M (KN-m)
N ode 2
N ode 3
N ode 4
N ode 5
N ode 6
N ode 7
N ode 8
N ode 9
Node
Node
Node
Node
Node
Node
Node
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
SECTION
DL 17.45 33.48 15.31 4.40 3.02 14.16 3.84 16.75 7.18 8.79 1.42 4.50 27.65 49.59 28.42
SIDL (Except surfacing) 0.31 0.60 0.27 0.08 0.05 0.26 0.07 0.30 0.13 0.16 0.02 0.07 0.49 0.88 0.50
SIDL (Surfacing) 0.73 1.40 0.64 0.19 0.13 0.59 0.16 0.70 0.30 0.37 0.06 0.19 1.15 2.07 1.18
FPLL 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01
1CLA (Max. Hog) TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 1 FOR LIVE LOAD 36.4 65.5 50.6 24.0 2.6 17.5 13.5 6.6 0.4 4.4 3.6 2.2 0.8 0.0 0.0
1CLA (Max. Sag) TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 1 FOR LIVE LOAD -36.4 -65.5 -50.6 -24.0 -2.6 -17.5 -13.5 -6.6 -0.4 -4.4 -3.6 -2.2 -0.8 0.0 0.0
2CLA (Max. Hog) TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 2 FOR LIVE LOAD 31.2 56.1 43.1 20.5 3.0 14.9 11.5 7.5 0.4 4.5 3.7 2.2 0.8 0.0 0.0
2CLA (Max. Sag) TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 2 FOR LIVE LOAD -31.2 -56.1 -43.1 -20.5 -3.0 -14.9 -11.5 -7.5 -0.4 -4.5 -3.7 -2.2 -0.8 0.0 0.0
1L 40T-L (Max. Hog) TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 3 FOR LIVE LOAD 46.8 84.2 64.8 30.8 3.3 22.4 17.4 8.4 0.6 5.6 4.6 2.8 1.0 0.0 0.0
1L 40T-L (Max. Sag) TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 3 FOR LIVE LOAD -46.8 -84.2 -64.8 -30.8 -3.3 -22.4 -17.4 -8.4 -0.6 -5.6 -4.6 -2.8 -1.0 0.0 0.0
1L 40T-M (Max. Hog) TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 4 FOR LIVE LOAD 25.2 45.4 34.5 16.4 2.7 11.9 9.2 4.5 0.3 3.0 2.4 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.0
1L 40T-M (Max. Sag) TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 4 FOR LIVE LOAD -25.2 -45.4 -34.5 -16.4 -2.7 -11.9 -9.2 -4.5 -0.3 -3.0 -2.4 -1.5 -0.5 0.0 0.0
1L 70R TR (Max. Hog) TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 5 FOR LIVE LOAD 32.4 58.4 45.1 21.4 4.3 15.6 12.1 5.8 0.4 3.9 3.2 1.9 0.7 0.0 0.0
1L 70R TR (Max. Sag) TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 5 FOR LIVE LOAD -32.4 -58.4 -45.1 -21.4 -4.3 -15.6 -12.1 -5.8 -0.4 -3.9 -3.2 -1.9 -0.7 0.0 0.0
1L70RW+1LCA(Max Hog) TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 6 FOR LIVE LOAD 42.0 75.5 58.3 27.7 3.0 20.1 15.6 9.2 1.4 5.9 4.9 3.0 1.1 0.0 0.0
1L70RW+1LCA(Max Sag) TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS 6 FOR LIVE LOAD -42.0 -75.5 -58.3 -27.7 -3.0 -20.1 -15.6 -9.2 -1.4 -5.9 -4.9 -3.0 -1.1 0.0 0.0
LL (Max. Hog) 21.8 21.8 16.0 9.8 3.1 6.4 4.4 2.6 2.4 1.8 1.3 0.9 0.5 0.0 0.0
LL (Max. Sag) -21.8 -21.8 -16.0 -9.8 -3.1 -6.4 -4.4 -2.6 -2.4 -1.8 -1.3 -0.9 -0.5 0.0 0.0
Combination for ULS as per IRC-6
1.35*(DL+SIDL)+1.75*SIDL 25.3 48.5 22.1 6.4 4.4 20.5 5.6 24.2 10.4 12.7 2.0 6.5 40.0 71.7 41.1
1.35*(DL+SIDL)+1.75*SIDL+1.5*FPLL 25.3 48.5 22.2 6.4 4.4 20.5 5.6 24.2 10.4 12.7 2.0 6.5 40.0 71.8 41.1
1.35*(DL+SIDL)+1.75*SIDL+1.5*LL1 57.9 81.1 46.1 21.1 9.1 30.2 12.2 28.1 13.9 15.4 4.1 7.8 40.7 71.8 41.1
1.35*(DL+SIDL)+1.75*SIDL+1.5*LL2 -7.4 15.8 -1.8 -8.4 -0.3 10.9 -1.1 20.4 6.8 10.0 0.0 5.2 39.3 71.7 41.1
1.35*(DL+SIDL)+1.75*SIDL+1.5*(FPLL+LL1) 57.9 81.1 46.1 21.1 9.1 30.2 12.2 28.1 13.9 15.4 4.1 7.8 40.7 71.8 41.1
1.35*(DL+SIDL)+1.75*SIDL+1.5*(FPLL+LL2) -7.4 15.8 -1.8 -8.4 -0.3 10.9 -1.1 20.4 6.8 10.0 0.0 5.2 39.3 71.8 41.1
DESIGN HOG. 57.9 81.1 46.1 21.1 9.1 30.2 12.2 28.1 13.9 15.4 4.1 7.8 40.7 71.8 41.1
DESIGN SAG -7.37 0.00 -1.8 -8.4 -0.3 0.0 -1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Combination for SLS as per IRC-6
1.0*(DL+SIDL)+1.0*SIDL 18.49 35.48 16.22 4.67 3.20 15.01 4.07 17.75 7.61 9.33 1.50 4.76 29.29 52.53 30.10
1.0*(DL+SIDL)+1.0*SIDL+1.0*FPLL 18.50 35.49 16.22 4.67 3.20 15.01 4.07 17.75 7.61 9.33 1.50 4.76 29.30 52.55 30.11
1.0*(DL+SIDL)+1.0*SIDL+1.0*LL1 40.24 57.23 32.21 14.50 6.33 21.44 8.50 20.30 9.98 11.13 2.85 5.65 29.74 52.55 30.10
1.0*(DL+SIDL)+1.0*SIDL+1.0*LL2 -3.26 13.73 0.23 -5.16 0.08 8.58 -0.36 15.19 5.24 7.52 0.15 3.86 28.84 52.5 30.1
1.0*(DL+SIDL)+1.0*SIDL+1.0*(FPLL+LL1) 40.25 57.24 32.21 14.50 6.33 21.45 8.50 20.31 9.98 11.13 2.85 5.65 29.75 52.56 30.11
1.0*(DL+SIDL)+1.0*SIDL+1.0*(FPLL+LL2) -3.25 13.74 0.23 -5.16 0.08 8.58 -0.36 15.20 5.24 7.53 0.15 3.86 28.84 52.5 30.1
DESIGN HOG. 40.25 57.24 32.2 14.5 6.3 21.4 8.5 20.3 10.0 11.1 2.8 5.7 29.7 52.6 30.1
DESIGN SAG -3.259 0.000 0.00 -5.16 0.00 0.00 -0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0
Design for ULS condition
Design Hogging Moment at Cantilever Face at node 2,16 (end of haunch) = 57.9 KNm/m
Design Hogging Moment at Outer Support Node 4, 14 = 46.1 KNm/m
Design Hogging Moment at Outer Support 6,12 = 9.1 KNm/m
Design Hogging Moment at intermediate support Node 8,10 = 13.9 KNm/m
Design Hogging Moment at Intermediate Span at mid node 9 = 28.1 KNm/m
Design Hogging Moment atouter span at mid node 5,13 21.1
Design Sagging Moment at End Span(at node 5,13) = -8.4 KNm/m
Design Sagging Moment at mid of mid span( at node 9) = 0.0 KNm/m
DESIGN OF DECK SLAB
fck = 35.0 Mpa

fav = 32.0 Mpa
fyk = 500 Mpa
fcd IRC-112-6.4.2.8 = 40.0 Mpa
Es = 200 Gpa
Ec.eff = 32 Gpa
η = 1.000 IRC-112 -A2.9
λ = 0.800
β = 0.400
γs = 1.150 IRC-112 -6.2.2
Clear Cover = 40.0 mm
Bar dia to be used = 16.0 mm
Outer Span (Face Outer Span (e Mid spans (Face Midspan-Int.

SECTION Cantilever Face Mid-End Span
of outer Girder) of inner girder) of girders) Span
DESIGN HOG. 57.9 46.1 9.1 13.9 21.1 28.1

DESIGN SAG -7.4 -1.8 -0.3 -1.1 -8.4 0.0
b 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
d 155 155 155 155 155 155

2
Kav = M/bd f av (for Top) 0.0753 0.0600 0.0118 0.0181 0.0275 0.0365
2
Kav = M/bd f av (for Bottom) 0.0096 0.0024 0.0004 0.0014 0.0109 0.0000
x= ((1+sqrt(1-4βKav))/(2*β))∗d (mm) 12.046 9.538 1.836 2.832 4.305 5.747
x= ((1+sqrt(1-4bKav))/(2*b))*d (mm) 1.4916 0.3710 0.0626 0.2187 1.6943 0.0000
Z for Top (mm) 143.0 145.5 153.2 152.2 150.7 149.3
Z for bottom (mm) 153.5 154.6 154.9 154.8 153.3 155.0
As required for Top (mm2) 931.4 729.6 136.1 210.8 322.3 432.7
2
As required for Bottom (mm ) 110.4 27.3 4.6 16.1 125.5 0.0
2
As provided at Top (mm ) 1398.0 1398.0 1398.0 1398.0 1398.0 1398.0
2
As provided at Bottom (mm ) 1398.0 1398.0 1398.0 1398.0 1398.0 1398.0
Remarks for Top As OK OK OK OK OK OK
Remarks for Bottom As OK OK OK OK OK OK

Min Ast Required min of ((0.26*fctm/fyk bt*d),(0.0013*bt*d)) 201.5 mm^2
Ast Required at top 931.44 mm^2
Provide 16 dia @ 200 c/c + 10 dia @ 200 c/c at bottom.
Ast provided qat Top 1398.01 mm2/m ok
Ast required at bottom 201.5 mm^2
Provide 16 dia @ 200 c/c + 10 dia @ 200 c/c
Ast provided at top 1398.01 mm2/m ok
Calculation of`Longitudinal Reinforcement:

Design BM for Longitudinal Reinforcement
BM ARE IN KNm
Node 2
Node 4
Node 5
Node 6
Node 8
Node 9
Node
Node
Node
Node
Node
SECTION
10
12
13
14
16
0.2*(DL + SIDL) 5.1 4.4 1.3 0.9 1.1 4.8 2.1 0.4 1.3 8.0 8.2
0.2*(LL+ FPLL (Max. Hog)) 4.4 3.2 2.0 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0
0.2*(LL+ FPLL (Max. Sag)) -4.4 -3.2 -2.0 -0.6 -0.9 -0.5 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0
Design Hogging BM 9.4 7.6 3.2 1.5 2.0 5.4 2.6 0.7 1.5 8.1 8.2
Design Sagging BM 0.0 0.0 -0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Provided Depth (mm) 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210
Reqd Ast (cm2/m) (Top) 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.2 1.1 1.1
Reqd Ast (cm2/m) (Bottom) 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Required longitudinal top reinforcement at cantilever support = 1.309 cm2/m
Provide 10 dia @ 200 c/c at top for cantilever support

Ast provided = 3.9 cm2/m > 1.3 cm2/m OK
2
Required longitudinal bottom reinforcement = 0.1 cm /m
Provide 10 dia @ 200 c/c at bottom except cantilever
2
Ast provided = 3.9 cm /m > 0.1 cm2/m OK
Design for SLS condition

Design Hogging Moment at Cantilever Face at node 2,16 = 40.2 KNm/m
Design Hogging Moment at Outer Support Node 4, 14 = 32.2 KNm/m
Design Hogging Moment at Outer Support 6,12 = 6.3 KNm/m
Design Hogging Moment at intermediate support Node 8,10 = 10.0 KNm/m
Design Hogging Moment at Intermediate Span at mid node 9 = 20.3 KNm/m
Design Hogging Moment atouter span at mid node 5,13 14.5 KNm/m
Design Sagging Moment at End Span node 5, 13 = -5.2 KNm/m
Design Sagging Moment at Intermediate Span node no9 = 0.0 KNm/m
Outer Span (Face Outer Span (e Mid spans (Face Midspan-Int.
SECTION Cantilever Face Mid-End Span
of outer Girder) of inner girder) of girders) Span
DESIGN HOG. 40.2 32.2 6.3 10.0 14.5 20.3

DESIGN SAG -3.26 0.0 0.0 -0.4 -5.2 0.0
b 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
d 155 155 155 155 155 155
dc= (-As Es + sqrt((AsEs)^2+2bAsEsEc.effd))bEc.eff (mm) (Top) 44.04 44.04 44.04 44.04 44.04 44.04
dc= (-As Es + sqrt((AsEs)^2+2bAsEsEc.effd))bEc.eff (mm) (bottom) 33.86 33.86 33.86 33.86 33.86 33.86
I (Hog) cracked M.I 21768001.6 21768001.6 21768001.6 21768001.6 21768001.6 21768001.6
σc (Top) (Mpa) 13.0 10.4 2.0 3.2 4.7 6.6
σs (Top) (Mpa) 205.2 164.2 32.3 50.9 73.9 103.5
Check concrete OK OK OK OK OK OK
Check Steel Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok
I (Sag) 22585457.5 22585457.5 22585457.5 22585457.5 22585457.5 22585457.5
σc (Bottom) (Mpa) 0.7818 0.0000 0.0000 0.0861 1.2381 0.0000
σs (Bottom) (Mpa) 17.480 0.000 0.000 1.925 27.681 0.000
Check concrete OK OK OK OK OK OK
Check Steel Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok
Check for crack width for maximum moments at node no 3.
Wk = S r,max ( ε sm - ε cm ) = -0.044 Hence OK
S r,max = Maximum crack spacing 3.4c + 0.425k 1k 2ϕ is applicable = 243.6 mm

ρ ρ .eff
where spacing of bonded reinforcement with in the tension zone <=5*(C+ ϕ /2) = 240 mm
ϕ = is the bar diameter.Where different diameters are used = 16.0 mm

in section an equivalent diameter canbe used ϕ eq
C = Clear cover to longitudinal reinforcement = 40.0 mm
K1 = is the co-efficient which takes account of the bond properties = 0.8

of the bonded reinforcement
K2 = is a co-fficient which takes into account of the distribution of strain = 0.5
( ε sm - ε cm ) = σ sc - k 1 f ct.eff / ρ ρ. eff (1+α e ρ ρ .eff ) = -0.00018

>=0.6 σ sc / Es
Es
σ sc = is the stress in the tension reinforcement assuming a cracked section = 73.89 Mpa
αe = is the ratio Es/Ec = 6.250
ρ ρ. eff = A s /A c.eff = 0.0253
A c.eff = is the effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement = 55321.53 mm2
of depth h c.eff , where h c.eff is the lesser of following
b = 1000 mm
1 One third of the tension zone depth of the cracked section,(h-x)/3, h = 210 mm
with x negative when whole section is in tension d = 155 mm
x = 44 mm
2 half of section depth,h/2, or
3 2.5*(h-d)
As = Area of tension reinforcement = 1398 mm2
f ct.eff = is the mean value of the tensile strength of the concrete effective at the = 3.000 Mpa
time when the cracks may first be expected to occurf ct.eff = f ctm
Design of Transverse Cantilever of Slab
A) Loads & Moments at Crash Barrier Side:
0
450 0
200
200
0 Water pipe
1000
Load due to self-weight of slab = 0.500 t

Cg of self-weight of slab = 0.500 m
Load due to RCC Railing = 0.000 t
Cg of RCC railing from edge of cantilever = 775 mm
Cg from cantilever face = 0.775 m
Load due to wearing coat = 0.110 t
Cg from cantilever face = 0.275 m
Load due to Crash barrier = 1.000 t
Cg of crash barrier from edge of cantilever = 0.775 mm
Intensity of FPLL = 0.000 t/m
CG of FPLL = 0.275 m
Intensity of Water Pipe = 0.000 t/m
C.G of Pipe = 0.600 t/m
Moment due to rcc railing = 0.000 t-m
Moment due to wearing coat = 0.030 t-m
Moment due to crash barrier = 0.775 t-m
Moment due to
FPLL = 0.000 t-m
Moment due to selfwt of slab = 0.250 t-m
Moment due to pipe = 0.000 t-m
Load due to Class A wheel =

Wheel Contact Width = 500 mm
Wheel Contact Length = 250 mm
Clear distance from kerb face = 150 mm
Effective width, beff 1.2 a + b1
1st Wheel
a = 0.15 m
b1 = 0.38 m
beff = 1.00 m
Concentrated maximum wheel load = 5.70 t
Spacing between consecutive , nearest axle = 1.20 m
Net beff = 1.00 m
Hence Load acting on the 1m width slab = 5.70 t
LL with Impact IF= 1.5 = 8.55 t
Moment at the cantilever face due to LL = 1.28 tm
2nd Wheel(it will not lie on the cantilever part)
a = 0.15 m
b1 = 0.38 m
beff = 1.00 m
Concentrated maximum wheel load = 5.70 t
Spacing between consecutive , nearest axle = 1.20 m
Net beff = 1.00 m
Hence Load acting on the 1m width slab = 5.70 t
LL with Impact IF= 1.5 = 8.55 t
Moment at the cantilever face due to LL = 1.28 tm
Total desigm moment as ULS = 1.35*(DL+SIDL1)+1.75*SIDL+1.5*LL

Total design moment at cantilever face = 3.360438 tm
Total desigm moment as SLS = 1*(DL+SIDL1)+1*SIDL+1*LL
Total design moment at cantilever face = 3.62 tm
Total Design Moment due to DL+SIDL+LL = 3.62 tm
END OF DESIGN REPORT

Composite Bridge Steel Girder Design in IRC

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Composite Bridge Steel Girder Design in IRC

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Structural Design of Composite Bridges

The essential considerations in this design are:

• Modelling of the bridge as a curved super-structure with multi-span continuous structure

Type of reinf. steel = Fe 500 Mpa

ii) For transient loads

Load Factor used

STAGES : Girder Age Deck Age

Nos of Girder = 4 1.6 1.91

c/L Jcak (typ.)

5.83333 5.83333 5.83333

0.475 4.375 4.375 4.375 4.375

Deck Slab RECT 0.16333 0.21 1 0.0343 0.105 0 7.6E-05 0.01971

Total 0.16097 0.86057 0 0.00615 0.0893

Deck Slab=b= 2450/15/1000 ; d = 210/1000 ; Am =IF(RECT="RECT",0.1633*0.21,0.5*0.1633*0.21)*1;

A = 0.1609667 m2 yt = 0.86057 m rz = 0.74482 m

Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597

A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

a) Classification of composite section = Plastic as it fully restrained from tortional buckling.

Type of section used = Welded section

2) Outer Girder at 3L/8

Deck Slab RECT 0.16333 0.21 1 0.0343 0.105 0 7.6E-05 0.01971

Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597

A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

a) Classification of composite section = Plastic as it fully restrained from tortional buckling.

Type of section used = Welded section

b/tf = 8.8 Class-2(Compact)

3) Outer Girder at 2L/8

Deck Slab RECT 0.16333 0.21 1 0.0343 0.105 0 7.6E-05 0.01971

Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597

A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

a) Classification of composite section = Plastic as it fully restrained from tortional buckling.

Type of section used = Welded section

4) Outer Girder at L/8

Deck Slab RECT 0.16333 0.21 1 0.0343 0.105 0 7.6E-05 0.01971

Total 0.16097 0.86057 0 0.00615 0.0893

Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597

A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

a) Classification of composite section = Plastic as it fully restrained from tortional buckling.

Type of section used = Welded section

b/tf = 8.8 Class-2(Compact)

1) Inner Girder at mid span

Deck Slab RECT 0.16333 0.22 1 0.03593 0.11 0 8E-05 0.02046

Total 0.1626 0.86188 0 0.00616 0.09051

A = 0.1626 m2 yt = 0.86188 m rz = 0.74608 m

A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

a) Classification of composite section = Plastic as it fully restrained from tortional buckling.

Type of section used = Welded section

Ratio Class-1 Class-2 Class-3

b/tf = 8.8 Class-2(Compact)

Deck Slab RECT 0.16333 0.22 1 0.03593 0.11 0 8E-05 0.02046

Total 0.1626 0.86188 0 0.00616 0.09051

A = 0.1626 m2 yt = 0.86188 m rz = 0.74608 m

Top flange RECT 0.9 0.05 1 0.045 0.025 0 0.00304 0.02704

Total 0.12 0.8 0 0.00608 0.0597

A = 0.12 m2 yt = 0.8 m rz = 0.70534 m

a) Classification of composite section = Plastic as it fully restrained from tortional buckling.

Type of section used = Welded section

Ratio Class-1 Class-2 Class-3

b/tf = 8.8 Class-2(Compact)

Deck Slab RECT 0.16333 0.22 1 0.03593 0.11 0 8E-05 0.02046

Deck Slab=b= 2450/15/1000 ; d = 210/1000 ; Am =IF(RECT="RECT",0.16330.21,0.50.16330.21)1;