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Hannah Remy

Professor Johnson-Taylor

ENG 1201

14 July 2019

Annotated Bibliography

Before The Flood. Directed by Fisher Stevens, performances by Leonardo DiCaprio, et al.,

Appian Way Productions and Rat Pac-Dune Entertainment, 2016.

This documentary, Before the Flood, released in 2016, was directed by Fisher Stevens

and produced by Leonardo DiCaprio. It is available to rent or purchase on their website and can

also be viewed on YouTube. The thesis could be identified as, there is a lot of current and future

harm to the earth coming from climate change, which comes from carbon emissions and

irresponsible energy use. This film discusses and shows the affects of climate change on the

coral reefs, ice caps, and the rising sea levels. It also discusses the largest areas which carbon

emissions come from, which would include livestock, transportation, and other human factors.

The purpose of this film is to raise awareness for the effects climate change has on the

world and how viewers can make a difference. The purpose could also be defined as a warning to

all viewers that if a change is not made, then humans will not be around much longer. The

audience would be all people, and anyone interested in learning more about climate change. It

takes place all over the world in order to show the global impact, and takes place in 2015/2016,

which is around when a large movement about climate change arose, and when the Climate

Summit took place in France.

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Some of the people included in the film are environmental futurists, economists,

mathematicians, conservationists, and world leaders. This is a reliable source because all of these

people are all well-versed in their fields and educated on the issues at hand.

I plan to use the information provided in the film to build my stance on climate change

and carbon emissions. It also gives information on carbon emissions from livestock, which will

help answer my research question.

Henderson, B. et al. “The Power and Pain of Market-Based Carbon Policies: a Global

Application to Greenhouse Gases from Ruminant Livestock Production.” Mitigation and

Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, vol. 23, no. 3, March 2018, pp. 349-369.

There are several authors of “The Power and Pain of Market-Based Carbon Policies: a

Global Application to Greenhouse Gases from Ruminant Livestock Production,” with one being

Henderson, B. It was published in the Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

magazine in March of 2018. I identified the thesis as being, assessing the potential of carbon

policies and the impact they would have on the dairy industry. Some of the main points are that

breeding herd is the main source of carbon emissions due to the large amount of and low quality

of feed, policies could reduce the emissions from livestock by restructuring the production

sectors, and humans removing red meat from their diets would help reduce emissions but it

would not be enough to get rid of emissions from livestock over all.

The purpose of this article is to raise awareness of how carbon policies could affect

climate change. The audience would be anyone who wants to learn more about carbon policies

and take action. 2018 is very current making this source relevant and reliable. This source is

credible because the authors did research on this topic and used evidence and sources in their
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writing. I would use this article to build my stance on the issue and as information for answering

my research question.

“Key Facts and Findings.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2019.

http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/197623/icode/. Accessed 3 July 2019.

The author of this website article, “Key Facts and Findings,” is the Food and Agriculture

Organization of the United Nations. It is found on the organization’s website, with the most

current update being in 2019. I would identify the thesis as being, opportunities to reduce

greenhouse gas emissions exist for all species, in all regions. Some of the main points are

livestock accounts for 14.5% of all greenhouse gas emissions, with cattle accounting for 65%,

consumption of fossil fuels for production is 20%, 44% of emissions are from methane, and key

policy areas for action include research, development, support services, and advocacy.

The purpose of this website article is to provide information on the emissions from

livestock and how they can be reduced. The audience would be anyone interested in learning

more about greenhouse gas emissions, especially coming from the food and agriculture area.

This is a credible source because it is an organization of the United Nations who does research

on this issue to provide the public with the information. I would use this article to answer my

research question.

Proulx, Natalie. “Would You Change Your Eating Habits to Reduce Your Carbon Footprint?”

The New York Times, 2 May 2019.

The author of the 2019 article, “Would You Change Your Eating Habits to Reduce Your

Carbon Footprint?” is Natalie Proulx et al. This article is on the New York Times website, and

provides links to sources and other useful articles. I would identify the thesis as, making changes
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to the types of meat you eat, how much shopping you do, and how much food you waste has a

large impact on climate change. Some of the main points are that deforestation for farms and

livestock, cows burping, manure, and fossil fuels used to operate production all emit harmful

greenhouse gases, a vegan diet has the smallest climate footprint, eating less meat and dairy can

help reduce footprint, and you can reduce waste by changing shopping habits.

The purpose of this article is to give information about climate footprints and how you

can take action in reducing your own. The audience is anyone wanting to learn about reducing

their climate footprint, but the fun visuals and style of the article would appeal more to children

and students. The author is credible because 2019 is current and relevant, and she provides

sources and information from studies and research. I plan to use this source to answer my

research question and build a stance on how I can take action.

“Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions.” United States Environmental Protection Agency, 29

April 2019. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions.

Accessed 3 July 2019.

The author of, “Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions,” is the Environmental Protection

Agency of the United States, located on the EPA website. It was published in 2017 but is

updated and current as of 2019. I would identify the thesis as, crop and livestock production for

human food contributes to harmful greenhouse gas emissions. Some main points include,

synthetic and organic fertilizer emit nitrous oxide, from 1990 to 2017 greenhouse gas emissions

have risen, adjusting methods of crops, feeding practices, controlling the way manure

decomposes, and converting methane into renewable energy can help reduce greenhouse gas

emissions and climate change.

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The purpose of this article is to provide information and give results to studies and

research the EPA conducted. The audience is anyone concerned about greenhouse gas emissions

and want to learn more. This article comes from a government agency, whose purpose is to

provide information about their studies and research, making it a credible and reliable source. I

plan to use this source to answer my research question and back my stance on climate change.

UNEP. “Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Consumption and Production.” International

Panel for Sustainable Resource Management. 2010.

The United Nations Environment Program wrote, “Assessing the Environmental Impacts

of Consumption and Production,” in 2010 and published it on their website, International Panel

for Sustainable Resource Management. I would identify the thesis as the world needs to look at

how we impact the Earth’s health and what economic activities are the cause. Some main points

include, some causes of climate change are fossil fuel combustion, agricultural and biomass

using activities, and industrial fisheries; society’s economic system starts at resources like water,

land, biotic, and abiotic, and ends at emissions and waste.

The purpose of this article is to educate people on the topic and provide information from

studies. The audience would be world leaders and anyone who wants to take action. This is a

reliable source because it comes from a United Nations program who conducts research on this

topic and provides evidence. I plan to use the information in this source to answer my research

question.

“Vegan Diet Can Benefit Both Health and the Environment.” Harvard School of Public Health,

7 January 2019. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/vegan-diet-health-

environment/
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The author of the 2019 article “Vegan Diet Can Benefit Both Health and the

Environment,” is the Harvard School of Public Health. It is available on the Harvard School of

Public Health website. I identify the thesis as changing to a vegan diet is not only beneficial to

personal health, but also to climate change. Some main points include, a vegan diet can reduce

the risk of type two diabetes, heart disease, and mortality, cattle grazing emits large amounts of

methane and carbon dioxide which are harmful greenhouse gases that contribute to climate

change, and veganism is the best way to improve personal health as well as the planet’s health.

The purpose of this article is to provide information on how to make personal changes

that can help benefit the environment and your own health. The audience would be students of

Harvard, anyone interested in becoming vegan, or anyone interested in helping with climate

change. This is a reliable source because Harvard is a trusted institute and the article provides

evidence and research. I plan to use this source to build my stance on how one can make a

change and take action.