Engineering Mechanics

Screw Jack
Objective
To determine the mechanical Advantage, velocity Ratio and mechanical Efficiency of screw
jack.

Apparatus
Screw jack, Weight holder, Slotted weights,

Procedure
 Wrap the string round the circumference of the flanged table and pass it over the pulley.
Similarly, wrap another string over the circumference of the flanged table and take it over
the second pulley. The free ends of both the strings are tied to the two hangers where the
weights are to be hanged.
 Measure the pitch of the thread with the help of the Vernier Caliper. (viz. p = 5 mm)
 Place the load W, on the screw head and some weight on hangers so that the load W is
just lifted. The effort P is equal to the sum of the weights hanged in the two hangers.
 Increase the loads and find the corresponding efforts applied for the consecutive
readings.
 Calculate mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency in each case.
 Plot the graph between efficiency v/s load and effort v/s load.

Diagram

1. Plate on which weights are loaded

2. Base plate through which effort is applied
3. Pulley
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 Engineering Mechanics

4. Centre rod which holds the weights

5. Handle to carry the apparatus
6. Base plate of the apparatus

Observations
Diameter of base plate (D) = 250 mm.
Lead of screw = 1 x Pitch (l) = 5 mm
If making quarter turn, lead of the screw to be taken 1.25mm

Calculations
πD
Velocity Ratio (V.R) =
l

load
Mechanical Advantage (M.A) =
effort

Mechanical Efficiency (η) = Output/Input

M.A
= V.R X 100

Friction Loss (FL) = (1 – Efficiency)

Result
Mechanical Advantage, velocity Ratio and mechanical Efficiency were calculated.

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 Engineering Mechanics

Truss
Objective
To determine the forces at each bar by applying desired load at a node for truss2.

Apparatus
Universal truss apparatus, universal load cell, Truss Software

Procedure
 Make connection and Start DAQ box for getting data.
 Select your required Truss (truss2) from software and click load to load that truss.
 Push Tare button for getting zero at every bar.
 Make sure, initial values in EES Truss software of each bar is zero or near to zero.
 Now pre load the truss for 50 N and push tare button again to get zero reading.
 Now move the hand wheel anti-clockwise to apply load in downward direction.
 Applied load can be read as load cell reading in software.
 Then you will be able to get readings of forces in all truss members against applied load.
 Increase the load with 20 N increments till overload protection enabled.
 Log the data in the table below.

Diagram

Tabular Column
Sr. Force Force Force Force Force Force Force Force Force Force Force
No Applied at at at at at at at at at at Bar
(N) Bar 1 Bar 2 Bar 3 Bar 4 Bar 5 Bar 6 Bar 7 Bar 8 Bar 9 10
(N) (N) (N) (N) (N) (N) (N) (N) (N) (N)

Result
Forces at each node were calculated.

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 Engineering Mechanics

Law of Momentum
Objective
To verify law of momentum.

Apparatus
Circular disc, Weight holder, Slotted weights.

Procedure
 Measure the distance R1 from pivot to point X1 & distance R2 from pivot to point X2
 Suspend the weight W1 at a distance X1.
 Then suspend the weight W2 at a distance X2, Suspend the weight till it will be in
equilibrium.
 Make sure the disc is in equilibrium condition.
 Note the equation of one side that is F1R1 & other side is F2R2.
 Then prove F1R1 = F2 R2.
 Repeat the experiment with different weights.

Diagram

Tabular Column
Sr. No R1 (m) R2 (m) W1 (kg) F1 (N) W2 (kg) F2 (N)

Result
Law of momentum is verified.

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 Engineering Mechanics

Lami’s Theorem
Objective
To verify lami’s theorem.

Apparatus
Demonstration board, Torsion dynamometer, Scale, Weight holder, Slotted weights,
Protractor disk.

Procedure
 Suspend a weight at C.
 By adjusting torsion dynamometer make the angle β to 90 degree.
 Note down the forces at A & B.
 Measure the angle α & γ.
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
 Then prove lami’s theorem sin α = sin β = sin γ.
 Repeat the experiment with different weights.

Diagram

Tabular Column
Sr. Weight at C Force at A Force at B α β γ
No (Kg) (N) (N) (Degree) (Degree) (Degree)

Result
Lami’s theorem is verified.

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 Engineering Mechanics

Wheel and Axle

Objective
To determine the mechanical Advantage, velocity Ratio and mechanical Efficiency of wheel
and axle.

Apparatus
Demonstration board, Torsion dynamometer, Scale, Weight holder, Slotted weights, Wheel
and axle.

Procedure
 Measure the diameter of the wheel as D by the help of outside caliper.
 Measure the diameter of the axle as d by the help of outside caliper.
 Wind one string on the axle and attach weight holder to hang load.
 Wind other string on the wheel and attach to torsion dynamometer.
 Put a weight on weight holder (load) and note down the reading on the torsion
dynamometer (effort).

Diagram

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 Engineering Mechanics

Calculations
πD
Velocity Ratio (V.R) = D = Diameter of wheel
πd
d = diameter of axle

load
Mechanical Advantage (M.A) =
effort

Mechanical Efficiency (η) = Output/Input

M.A
= V.R X 100

Result
Mechanical Advantage, velocity Ratio and mechanical Efficiency were calculated.

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 Engineering Mechanics

Centripetal Force Apparatus

Objective
To study force, velocity and acceleration of a rotating object using centripetal force
apparatus.

Apparatus
Centripetal force apparatus, labquest

Procedure
 Open labquest application.
 Tap the mode option → Time based.
 Give the value of required duration.
 Tap photogate mode → user defined →Give value 2πr/10 (r is radius).
 Tap graph icon.
 Rotate the shaft of centripetal force apparatus.
 Tap play button.
 Analyze the graph and tabular column.

Diagram

Centripetal force apparatus

Tabular Column
Sr. No Time (t) Force (N) Velocity (m/s)

Result
Force, velocity and acceleration were calculated.

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 Engineering Mechanics

Vernier Dynamic System

Objective
To study velocity and acceleration of a moving object using vernier dynamic system.

Apparatus
Vernier dynamic system, labquest.

Procedure
 Open labquest application.
 Calibrate the dynamic cart.
 Tap graph icon and press play icon.
 Move the dynamic cart towards right side.
 Analyze the graph and tabular column.

Diagram

Vernier dynamic system

Tabular Column
Sr. No Time (t) Position (m) Velocity (m/s) Acceleration (m/𝑠 2 )

Result
Velocity and acceleration were calculated.

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 Engineering Mechanics

Mechanism Trainer
Simple Gear Trains
Some machines need to be able to produce an output rotary motion that has a different speed
and/or direction from the input, for example, from the motor to the whisk of a food mixer.
Use the Mechanisms Trainer to construct a variety of gear trains using various sizes and
numbers of gears. Observe how different gear trains provide a change in speed and direction.

Method
1. Assemble two 60tooth gears as shown. Secure them using spacers and collars. Ensure that
the gears mesh properly.

2. Turn the driver gear clockwise for 10 complete revolutions. As you do this, count the
number of revolutions of the driven gear, and observe the direction of rotation of the driven
gear. Complete the table with your observations
Sr. No Driver gear Driven gear No. of Direction of
size size rotations rotation
1
2
3
4

3. Replace the 60tooth driven gear with the other gear sizes to help you complete the table.
a) Describe the operation of the simple gear train.
b) Describe what happens to the direction and number of rotations of the driven gear when
the size of the driven gear is reduced.

4. Change the gear train so that the 30toothmotor gear is the driver gear with a 60tooth
driven gear.

5. Operate the gear train, and count the number of revolutions of the driven gear for 10
revolutions of the driver gear. Observe the direction that the driver and driven gears rotate.
c) What happens when the driver gear is smaller than the driven gear?

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