The Hospitality Industry

In an increasingly competitive employment arena, African Americans must prepare for and
secure strong, definite jobs which lead them to long-term realistic career options and
opportunities.

One of the fastest growing sectors of the economy of our time is the hospitality industry. The
hospitality industry alone is a multi-billion dollar and growing enterprise. It is exciting, never
boring and offers unlimited opportunities. The hospitality industry is diverse enough for people
to work in different areas of interest and still be employed within the hospitality industry. Think
about this: It makes sense to prepare for a job in which you have numerous opportunities for
advancement, because it is an economic advantage for you in the long run.

The hospitality industry pays those well who have prepared well.

Hospitality management involves the planning, organizing, directing and controlling of human
and material resources within the lodging, restaurant, travel and tourism, institutional
management, recreational management and meeting and convention planning industries. All of
these separate yet related segments of the hospitality industry are interrelated to deliver kind and
generous services to guests.

The hospitality industry is one of the oldest businesses in history. People have always gone out
to eat sometimes and traveled for work or leisure purposes. However, the face of the hospitality
industry has changed drastically. Brenda Scott, president and CEO of the Mobile, Ala.,
Convention and Visitors Corporation, agrees and says; demographically the world is changing.
By the year 2000, 45- 50 percent of the workforce and consumers will be non-white. Not only
has the industry expanded to include areas such as tourism and meeting and convention planning,
but also the face of the workforce in substantial positions has expanded to include all races and
colors. The explosion of growth in the hospitality industry demands highly qualified people
trained in hospitality management to fill rapidly opening positions.

Although African Americans have had a wealth of experience in hospitality, it has not always
been positive. In the past African Americans have usually performed in low-level managerial
positions in hospitality operations holding positions from the lowest realm in service to now
having the realistic opportunity of becoming general managers.

The present hospitality industry is extraordinarily healthy and viable and as a result offers
excellent opportunities for African Americans in each of the segments; restaurant management,
lodging management, recreational management, travel and tourism, meeting and convention
planning and institutional management. Scott announces good news: the opportunities are there.
The globalization of the hospitality industry creates the availability of jobs in virtually every city
in the world. Ed Moore, Jr., regional recruiter for Applebee's International says the restaurant
industry is a wonderful field to be in, especially in the 90s. He further states, oftentimes young
adults think of flipping burgers when they think of the business. That is not all there is to it.
There are positions in middle management as well as the corporate office. We are talking about
jobs that range from $26,000 to $100,000 plus. In the growing field of hospitality, it is projected
that by the year 2000 an additional two million people will fill new jobs in the industry.
According to the U.S. Department of Labor, in the next decade nine out of ten new jobs created
will be in the service industry. Through the year 2000, positions for hotel managers are expected
to grow faster than the average for all occupations, as reported in the Occupational Outlook
Handbook, a publication of the U.S. Department of Labor. It is estimated by Kelley Notes that
by the turn of the century the lodging industry will create over 500,000 additional entry-level
positions. Kelley Notes also estimates in less than a decade, travel and tourism will become the
nation's number one employer with one of every five Americans working in some segment of the
hospitality industry.

African Americans do well to actively prepare themselves and aggressively seek employment in
the hospitality industry. They should especially investigate opportunities in meeting and
convention planning, and travel and tourism. These two areas are hot spots of the industry and
presently offer outstanding opportunities for prepared students.

To help African Americans prepare for a successful hospitality career, completing a college
degree in hospitality management and/or related area is a great beginning. Phillip Cunningham,
general manager of the Tuskegee University Kellogg Conference Center, believes that success
for African Americans in the hospitality industry means being flexible in business and in
personal life, understanding the true meaning of customer and employee service, and knowing
the job that you are asking others to perform. In addition says Cunningham, with the onslaught
of public held hotel companies, today's industry professional must understand how to make a
profit. Having great customer skills no longer promotes you to the top. A degree in hospitality
management with a strong emphasis in business administration strengthens your preparation for
the industry. In additional to classroom preparation, junior and senior students especially should
seek hands-on opportunities such as internships, shadowing experiences and mentoring
relationships. Internships are very beneficial to students in that they provide immediate access to
the real work world and also are the time for students to make mistakes as they learn. These
experiences also provide the graduate with a strong level of preparedness for entry-level
positions.

Moore contends that students must be prepared and learn as much as possible while still in
school. He feels that their education should give them a good solid background before they seek
employment in the industry. For those who have properly prepared themselves, entry-level
positions may include but are not limited to manager trainee internships, unit manager, food and
beverage director, operations manager, sales and marketing, human resources, front office
supervisor, executive housekeeper, director of housekeeping, controller, conference manager,
rooms divisions manager, travel consultant, meeting planner, events planner, and the assistant
manager position in all segments of the industry, etc. In planning and preparing for a successful
career in hospitality, take advantage of in-house management training programs and seek
mentors which will increase the potential of a steady and timely progression in hospitality.
Students obtaining degrees in hospitality are prepared to seek employment in hotels, restaurants,
travel and tourism destinations, convention and visitors bureaus, health care facilities, airlines,
recreational facilities, and management/contract services, etc.

Successful African Americans in hospitality recognize their role and the importance of
mentoring incoming students interested in hospitality management. According to Phillip
Cunningham, historically African Americans have not achieved the same level of success in the
industry, due to the lack of corporate mentors. It is extremely important to identify people who
can help you achieve your goals. Often this means the mentor takes on additional responsibilities
without being paid, works more than 50 hours a week, and moves from city to city. Scott agrees
that mentoring as well as helping to place students is a responsibility that all successful role
models in the industry should take on. She further charges herself as well as fellow colleagues to,
assist students' progression in the industry by making opportunities available and by developing
outreach programs to disseminate information to students and professionals.

Although competition is tough, well-prepared students can expect steady opportunities for
advancement. However, explains Scott, students can compete by participating in internships and
working any and every job available in the industry. She also says, if students are to progress
upward to managerial level positions, they need practical experience and must have a positive
attitude. Overall she feels the most important thing a student can do to be successful is, plan and
prepare, have a willingness to work, and be passionate about your career. The industry is very
demanding but rewarding and appreciates those who have paid their dues so to speak. Hospitality
companies are looking for confident, well-adjusted individuals with good communication and
interviewing skills. In his role as a regional recruiter, Ed Moore, Jr. states, verbal skills are of
concern and that students should learn how to articulate well. However, he continues, one of the
glaring areas of concern that I have noticed is students are not ready for the interview. This is
something that you will need to practice with an experienced person or professional.

Recognizing a shortage of African Americans in key positions in the industry, African-

American college graduates are zealously sought and offered substantial positions. To help the
industry achieve its goals, many historically Black colleges and universities serve as clearing
houses for qualified African-American graduates in hospitality management. This affords
colleges and universities the opportunity to maintain ongoing relationships with industry
personnel as well as receive constant feedback on the expectations of industry regarding entering
employees.

Interested in a career in hospitality management? Where do you go from here? First, complete
your college degree in hospitality management and/or related major. Work whenever and
wherever possible in any segment of the hospitality industry, be flexible, find a dedicated and
concerned mentor in the segment of the industry which interests you most, and talk to successful
African Americans in the industry, organizations, and who are in positions of leadership in the
field of hospitality management.

The following organizations listed focus primarily on the needs and concerns of African
Americans and other people of color in the industry, as well as serve as a clearinghouse for
information and opportunities for students, faculty and the industry.

Preparation inside and outside of the classroom is vital to a progressive and successful career
path in the hospitality industry. The opportunities are great, advancement is realistic, and success
is attainable.