AIT 4A: Rodolfo Ortuño

Speaking: 30 points: Spanish = repeating

+ plus
35 POINTS of grammar:
: 70 points
Celeste, Samuel, Paola, Gabriela, Conzuelo, Alejandra,
Brandon, Brayan, Kevin, David, Jordana, Yader, Ines,
Jennifer, Stephanie, Diana, Alfonso, Cielo, Henry, Adrian*,
Isabel.

39 units
1st exam: part I: 70% of students FAIL 1st exam. They don’t
know definition. TheyONLY know how to translate. If you
don’t want to FAIL, YOU MUST KNOW definitions.
30 % Pass
NOUN, present participle, tense, gerund, present
progressive, question, sentence order, when?, what?, why?,
etc….
2nd exam: midterm: Parts I, II, III
3rd exam: 2nd quiz: Parts IV, V
Final wexam: V, VI, VII
Cover: 3 or 4 units per day

1. Be statements
2. Non-be statements
3. Modal statements
4. Perfect statements
1. Be statement: Sentences or questions that ONLY use
THE VERB be: IS, ARE, AM. We never USE other verbs
such as: wants, work, listen, etc… We NEVER USE
AUXILIARIES: do/does/did/don’t/doesn’t/didn’t
Present progressive/continuous (be statement) We
NEVER USE gerunds in present progressive.
Subject + BE + present participle (base form + ing)
Noun: name of someone / something
GERUND (noun/name): base form + ing (The name of the
action)
We use GERUNDS in three ways:
1) After certain verbs: quit, enjoy, avoid, discuss, etc…
I quit smoking. (Simple past)
 I stopped smoking. (Simple past)
She enjoys dancing. (simple present)
They always avoid discussing about religion. (simple
present)
2) After prepositions
3) As SUBJECTS / OBJECTS (nouns)
Present progressive/continuous (be statement) We NEVER
USE gerunds in present progressive.
Subject + BE + present participle (base form + ing)
Present participle (verb): base form + ing We always use
PRESENT PARTICIPLES in all continuous/progressive
tenses
She enjoys dancing. (gerund)(simple present)
She is dancing. (present participle)(Present continuous)
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (tense) / PRESENT PARTICIPLE (form
of the verb)
Base form, present participle form, simple past form, past
participle form, 3rd person form
Go, going, went, gone, goes
sleep, sleeping, slept, slept, sleeps
 Plays place
3rd person form pronunciation
1. /s/ 2. /z/ 3. /iz/
1. /s/ We pronounce like /s/ when we have a VOICELESS
SOUND: No vibration at the end of the verb
Sleep (voiceless sound) sleeps /s/
Like likes /s/
2. /z/ We pronounce like /z/ when we have a VOICE
SOUND: Vibration at the end of the verb
Play plays /z/
Go goes /z/
3. If the verb ends in ch, sh, c, ce, se: /IZ/
Dance dances /IZ/
Watch watches /IZ/

TENSE: (+)(-)(?)
BE STATEMENTS
(+) B: Adrian is speaking Spanish. (affirmative sentence)
(-) Adrian isn’t speaking English. (negative sentence)
(?) A: Is Adrian speaking Spanish? (yes/no question)
B: Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. (short answer)
Wh(?) A: Which language is Adrian speaking? (information
question)
Question Order: Be + subject + present participle?
Sentence Order: subject + be + present participle…
When do we decide to use present continuous?
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE:
1) To describe NOW: We are studying English.
2) To describe very certain/probable FUTURE PLANS
You are taking the achievement exam this Saturday.
3) To describe what’s happening THESE DAYS, not exactly
now or not now.
People are getting sick with the flu.

Present continuous: I am going crazy.

Present participle: going
Present continuous: She is driving like crazy.
Present participle: driving
Present continuous: They are going shopping.
Go + gerund
Present participle: going

To gather: to get together

Where is a good gathering point? (gerund)
We are gathering at the post office. (present participle)

Silent –e
Make making
Write writing

Swim swimming
Let letting
Get getting
Sit seat
This these
It eat
Ship sheep
It is a ship.

To permit permitting (4)

To prefer preferring (4)
To discuss discussing (1)
To try trying (1)
To lie lying (5)
To tie tying (5)

To replace: to change the old for a new one.

To fill in for someone / to substitute: to be in the person’s
position for a short time.
She replaced me!
She is filling in for you! (Have I replaced you?)
2. NON-BE STATEMENT: It’s a sentence or question that
never uses the verb BE (is, are, am). We use other verbs:
want, like, have, need, work, play, dance, etc… We ALWAYS
use AUXILIARIES for (-) negative sentences and for (?)
questions. SIMPLE PRESENT: DO/DOES/DON’T/DOESN’T
BASE FORM (-)(?)(+) I, we, you, they
3RD PERSON FORM (+) he, she, it
Do/don’t: I, we, you, they
(+) I have a problem.
(-) I don’t have a problem. I haven’t a problem.
(?) A: Do I have a problem?
B: Yes, you do. Yes, you have.
B: No, you don’t.
Does/doesn’t: he she it
(+) He has a problem.
(-) He doesn’t have a problem. He hasn’t a
problem.
(?) A: Does he have a problem?
B: Yes, he does. Yes, he has.
 B: No, he doesn’t.
Question order: AUX + subject + base form?
Sentence order: I/we/you/they + base form
(+) he/she/it + 3rd person form
What is SIMPLE PRESENT?
When do we use SIMPLE PRESENT?
What’s the difference between simple present and present
continuous?
I want to describe my schedule, what do I use?

10 or 11: breakfast brunch

He, she, it: 3rd person form ONLY in affirmative sentences.

(-) (?) He, she, it = base form
Does he has a thing?
He doesn’t has a thing.
WHERE YOU GO?
Where are you go? -1
Where do you do now?
 Where do you go every Friday night?
I go nowhere. I always stay honme thinkning about my
blue prince.
Men are simple. (Present of BE)(be statement)
Present of BE: facts
Women are complex. (Present of BE)(be statement)
How do you make a man happy? (simple present)
Good food, good body, good entertaintment
How do you make a woman happy? (simple present)
Good attention, good everything, etc…….

She is always late. (Correct)

She always has the same problems. (Correct)
She is always dancing in the rain. (Wrong)
Placement for frequency adverbs:
Be statements: after the verb BE.
He is never there for you.
Non-Be statements: before the verb.
He never stands for you.
SOMETIMES, USUALLY, OFTEN,
GENERALLY,OCCASSIONALLY: three different placements:
1st at the beginning of the sentence, 2nd before/after the
verb (depending on the statement), 3rd at the end.
Sometimes he stands for you.
He sometimes stands for you.
He stands for you sometimes.
Men hate mothers in law. (Scientific fact)
Women hate ….. (Scientific fact)