TUGAS RESUME

Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu tugas mata kuliah Keperawatan Komunitas

Dosen Pembimbing:
Lilis Lismayanti, M. Kep
Nina Pamelasari, M.Kep
Miftahulfalah, MSN

Disusun Oleh:
Kelompok 6/3A
Ilham Aminudin
Jasmin Maturidi
Nadya Paramitha
Puja Cahya Utami
Selsa Permatasari

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH TASIKMALAYA
2019
 PROMOTING HEALTHY PARTNERSHIPS WITH RURAL COMMUNITIES

Rural Health has different meanings in different parts of the world. In developing
countries, it often refers to basic public health services such as clean water, immunizations, and
prevention of HIV.

One creative approach to rural health is the concept of “clinical peripherality,” which
encompasses not only low population density and remoteness from tertiary and specialty care,
but remoteness from the administrative offices where decisions are made that might affect
quality, cost, or access to care (Swan, Selvaraj, & Godden, 2008). When the US Office of Technology
Assessment published the first comprehensive look at rural health in the United States in 1990,
the question “What is rural health?” though not explicitly asked, seemed to be answered by
addressing the availability of primary and acute health care services in rural America. Emphasis
was placed on listing federal and to some extent state programs to address chronic shortages of
personnel, to support small rural hospitals, and to support underserved populations. The Future
of Rural Health in 2005, there is evidence of a shift toward a population health approach that
places less emphasis on categories of services and workforce, and more emphasis on healthy
communities. Specifically: All rural Americans should have access to the full spectrum of high
quality, appropriate care, regardless of where they live.

1. Rural communities should focus greater attention on improving population health

inaddition to meeting personal health care needs.
2. A core set of health care services (primary care, dental care, basic mental health care, and
emergency medical services) should be available within rural communities.
3. The spectrum of services available in rural communities should be based on the
population health needs of the local community.

GEOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL FACTORS THAT IMPACT OF HEALTH IN RURAL AREAS

The traditional approach is to collect data about services that can be easily quantified,
such as the number of primary care doctors, number of hospital beds, or number of dentists.
When the National Center for Health Statistics published a study comparing urban and rural
populations on population health indicators such as smoking, obesity, chronic disease, substance
abuse, suicide and child health, the rural population was found to be less healthy on almost all
indicators (Eberhardt, Ingram, & Makuc, 2001). The first response to the study by rural health
advocates is to cite this difference as evidence that more services are needed in rural areas
(Morgan, 2002).
Population health has been defined as "an approach that focuses on interrelated
conditions and factors that affect the health of the population over a lifetime, identifies systematic
variations in patterns of occurrence, and applies the knowledge generated to develop and
implement policies and actions to improve the health and well-being of the population "(Kindig
& Stoddart, 2003, p. 380).
Whether providing health services, being involved in health education and health
promotion, prenatal care, dental care, or mental health care, life in this area is qualitatively
different from other parts of the country. When federal agencies such as the Resource
Administration and Health Services target their programs to special populations, this area is often
included, for good reason. A simple visual examination explains that poverty is highly correlated
with early death.
HEALTH PROMOTION ISSUES RELATING TO RURAL POPULATIONS
The rural population faces all the same preventable diseases faced by the urban
population. For the most part, prevention of the main contributors to death that can be prevented
is handled by the public health system and by primary care practices. There are practitioners in
both sectors who can be effective partners in health promotion. However, in rural areas, there are
usually fewer primary care practitioners than in urban areas, and they tend to be very busy. In
addition, many rural areas do not have local public health departments, or that offer a limited
number of services. Prevention initiatives are often carried out by partnerships involving healthy
community coalitions, hospitals, primary health clinics, schools, social services, law enforcement,
and local businesses.
Two problems that challenge this prevention partnership in rural communities are
substance abuse and obesity. Both of these threats to public health have been shown to
disproportionately affect rural populations. Higher rates of obesity and substance abuse are very
troubling when observed among rural youth, and in both cases, prevention initiatives that
attempt to modify not only unhealthy behavior but an unhealthy environment prove effective.

OBESITY
The rate of obesity in children in the United States is on the rise and the short-term and
long-term medical and social consequences of obesity in childhood are staggering. Over the past
four decades, numbers have increased consistently, and today more than 33% of children and
adolescents are overweight or obese in this country (Ogden et al., 2006).
Child obesity rates are highest among low-income populations and also among racial /
ethnic minorities. Research has shown that this trend also applies to rural youth, where the
prevalence of obesity and overweight has been shown to be higher than the national and national
averages and also higher than the level among youth in urban areas (Joens-Matre et al. , 2008).
The level of physical activity was also found to be lower in rural areas among adults and
among rural children when compared to urban and suburban populations (Patterson, Moore,
Probst, & Shinogle, 2004). Attention has been given to the role played by active living beings in
the prevention of obesity among urban youth and, more recently, in rural areas. The concept of
active life combines ecological, population-based approaches to physical activity by recognizing
that individual behavior, social environment, physical environment, and policies all contribute to
behavior change. Active life targets the entire community to promote opportunities that are
accessible and safe for residents to engage in physical activities during transportation, work,
recreation, and at home (Sallis et al., 2006).

SUBSTANCE ABUSE
The second major problem affecting disproportionately young people in rural areas is
substance abuse. In most rural communities, the most widely used and abused substance by
young people is alcohol. Recent studies have found that rural teens are more likely to use alcohol,
engage in binge drinking, and drive while intoxicated than urban teens. Young adults living in
rural areas are other high-risk populations, with higher rates of binge drinking,
methamphetamine, and prescription drug abuse than their urban counterparts (Lambert, Gale, &
Hartley, 2008; Van Gundy, 2006 )
We have traditionally encouraged our prevention efforts for adolescents in schools,
with programs such as Drug Abuse Education (DARE), which seek to build self-esteem and
autonomy for young people to empower them to make wise personal choices.