L11 Polyphase Circuits ch12 PDF

ENE 104
Electric Circuit Theory
Lecture 11:
Polyphase Circuits
(ENE) Mon, 26 Mar 2012 / (EIE) Wed, 4 Apr 2012

Week #12 : Dejwoot KHAWPARISUTH
http://webstaff.kmutt.ac.th/~dejwoot.kha/
Objectives : Ch12
Page 2
• single-phase and polyphase systems
• Y- and Δ- connected three-phase system
• per-phase analysis of three-phase systems
ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

Introduction:
Page 3
An example set of three voltages, each of which is 120o out of

phase with the other two. As can be seen, only one of the voltages
will be zero at a particular instant.

Double-Subscript Notation:
Page 4
(a) The definition of the

voltage Vab.
(b) Vad = Vab + Vbc+ Vcd

= Vab + Vcd.

Page 5
Van  100 0 V.
Vbn  100  120 V.
Vcn  100  240 V.

Page 6
Vab  Van  Vnb  Van  Vbn

 100 0  100  120 V.
 100  (50  j86.6)  173.2 30 V.

Practice: 12.1
Page 7
Let 𝐕𝑎𝑏 = 100∠0° V, 𝐕𝑏𝑑 = 40∠80° V, and

𝐕𝑐𝑎 = 70∠200° V. Find (a) 𝐕𝑎𝑑 ; (b) 𝐕𝑏𝑐 ; (c) 𝐕𝑐𝑑

Practice: 12.1
Page 8

Practice: 12.2
Page 9
Refer to the circuit of figure below and let

𝐈𝑓𝑗 = 3 A, 𝐈𝑑𝑒 = 2 A, and 𝐈ℎ𝑑 = −6 A. Find (a),
𝐈𝑐𝑑 ; (b) 𝐈𝑒𝑓 ; (c) 𝐈𝑖𝑗

Practice: 12.2
Page 10

Single-Phase Three-Wire System:
Page 11

Single-Phase Three-Wire System:
Page 12
Consider:
Since Van = Vnb

Van Vnb
Then I aA   I Bb 
Zp Zp
And InN = IBb + IAa = IBb - IaA = 0
Example:
Page 13
Effect of Finite Wire Impedance:
Analyze the system below and determine the power

delivered to each of the three loads as well as the power
lost in the neutral wire and each of the two lines.

Example:
Page 14
 115 0  I1  50(I1  I 2 )  3(I1  I 3 )  0

(20  j10)I 2  100(I 2  I 3 )  50(I 2  I1 )  0
 115 0  3(I 3  I1 )  100(I 3  I 2 )  I 3 0

Example:
Page 15
I1  11.24  19.83 A.
I 2  9.389  24.47 A.
I 3  10.37  21.80 A.
The average power drawn by each load:
P50  I1  I 2  50  206 W.
2
P100  I 3  I 2 100  117 W.

2
P20 j10  I 2  20  1763 W.

2

Example:
Page 16
I1  11.24  19.83 A.
I 2  9.389  24.47 A.
I 3  10.37  21.80 A.
The loss in each of the wires:
PaA  I1 1  126 W.
2
PbB  I 3 1  108 W.
2
PnN  I 3  I1 1  3 W.
2

Example:
Page 17
The transmission efficiency, :
total power delivered to load

 
total power generated
2086
  89.8%
2086  237
Practice: 12.3
Page 18
Modified Figure below by adding a 1.5 Ω

resistance to each of the two outer lines, and a
2.5 Ω resistance to the neutral wire. Find the
average power delivered to each of the three
loads.

Practice: 12.3
Page 19

Practice: 12.3
Page 20

Three-Phase Y-Y Connection:
Page 21
A balanced three-phase system:

may be defined as having
Van  Vbn  Vcn
and
Van  Vbn  Vcn  0
A Y-connected three-phase four-wire source.

Page 22
Positive, or abc, Negative, or cba,

phase sequence. phase sequence.

Page 23
Line-to-Line Voltage:
Vab  Van  Vbn

 V p 0  V p  120
Vab  3 Vp 30
Page 24
Line-to-Line Voltage:
Vab  3 V p 30
Vbc  3 V p  90
Vca  3 Vp  210

Page 25
Van
I aA 
Zp
Vbn
I bB 
Zp
Van  120
 A balanced three-phase system, connected
Zp Y-Y and including a neutral.
 I aA  120
Therefore:
I cC  I aA  240
I Nn  I aA  I bB  I cC  0

Example:
Page 26
Find the currents, voltages and the total power

dissipated in the load

Example:
Page 27
“Per-phase”:
Van  200 0 V.
Vbn  200  120 V.
Vcn  200  240 V.

Van
Vab  3 V p 30 I aA   2  60
Zp
Vbc  3 V p  90 I bB  2  180
Vca  3 Vp  210 I cC  2  300
Example:
Page 28
“Per-phase”:
v AN  200 2 cos(120t  0)

iAN  2 2 cos(120t  60)

Example:
Page 29
even though phase voltages and currents have

zero value at specific instants in time, the
instantaneous power delivered to the total load is
never zero.
p A (t )  v AN i AN  800 cos(120t ) cos(120t  60)
 400[cos(60)  cos(240t  60)]
 200  400 cos(240t  60)]
pB (t )  200  400 cos(240t  300)]

pC (t )  200  400 cos(240t  180)]
Example:
Page 30
the instantaneous power absorbed by the total

load is therefore
p(t )  p A (t )  pB (t )  pC (t )  600W

Practice: 12.4
Page 31
A balanced three-phase three-wire system has a

Y-connected load. Each phase contains three
loads in parallel: −j100 Ω, 100 Ω, and 50 + j50 Ω.
Assume positive phase sequence with 𝐕𝑎𝑏 =
400∠0° V. Find (a) 𝐕𝑎𝑛 ; (b) 𝐈𝑎𝐴 ; (c) the total power
drawn by the load

Practice: 12.4
Page 32

Example:
Page 33
A balanced three-phase system with a line

voltage of 300V is supplying a balanced Y-
connected load with 1200W at a leading PF of
0.8. Find the line current and the per-phase load
impedance.
The phase voltage is V p  3003 V .
The per-phase power is 1200

3  400 W .

Example:
Page 34
1
P  Vm I m cos(   )  Veff I eff cos(   )
2
V p  3003 V . Pp  1200
3  400 W .
The line current is

Pp 400
IL   300  2.89 A.
V p cos(   ) 3
 0.8
The phase impedance is
300
Vp
Zp   3
IL 2.89

Example:
Page 35
The PF is 0.8 leading, so the impedance phase

angle is cos 1 (0.8)  36.9
thus Z p  60  36.9 

Practice: 12.5
Page 36
A balanced three-phase three-wire system has a

line voltage of 500 V. Two balanced Y-connected
loads are present. One is a capacitive load with
7 − j2 Ω per phase, and the other is an inductive
load with 4 + j2 Ω per phase. Find (a) the phase
voltage; (b) the line current; (c) the total power
drawn by the load; (d) the power factor at which
the source is operating.

Practice: 12.5
Page 37

Example:
Page 38
A balanced 600-W lighting load is added (in

parallel) to the previous example. Determine the
new line current.
I 2  2.89
Z p  60  36.9 
per-phase circuit

Example:
Page 39
The amplitude of the lighting current is

determined by
P  Veff I eff cos(   )
200  3003 I1 cos 0
So I1  1.155 assume I1  1.155 0 A.

I 2  2.89  36.9 A.
And the line current is
I L  I1  I 2  3.87  26.6 A.
Practice: 12.6
Page 40
Three balanced Y-connected loads are installed on a

balanced three-phase four-wire system. Load 1
draws a total power of 6kW at unity PF, load 2
requires 10kVA at PF=0.96 lagging, and load 3
needs 7kW at 0.85 lagging. If the phase voltage at
the load is 135 V, if each line has a resistance of
0.1 Ω, and if the neutral has a resistance of 1 Ω, find
(a) the total power drawn by the load; (b) the
combined PF of the load; (c) the total power lost in
the four lines; (d) the phase voltage at the source;
(e) the power factor at which the source is operating.

Practice: 12.6
Page 41

Practice: 12.6
Page 42

The Delta (∆) Connection:
Page 43
VL  Vab
 Vbc
 Vca
Vp  Van
 Vbn
A balanced D-connected load is present on a three-wire
 Vcn three-phase system. The source happens to be Y-
connected.
Where VL  3V p and Vab  3 V p 30

Page 44
The phase current
Vab
I AB 
Zp
Vbc
I BC 
Zp the line current:
Vca
I CA  I aA  I AB  I CA
Zp
I L  I aA  I bB  I cC
I p  I AB  I BC  I CA
and I L  3I p
Page 45
An example with an inductive load
I p  I AB  I BC  I CA
I L  I aA  I bB  I cC
I aA  I AB  I CA
I L  3I p
∆-Connected:
Page 46
Pp  V p I p cos 
 VL I p cos 
IL
 VL cos 
3
total power, P  3Pp

 3VL I L cos 

Y-connected:
Page 47
 V p I L cos 
VL
 I L cos 
3
total power, P  3Pp

 3VL I L cos 

Practice: 12.7
Page 48
Each phase of a balanced three-phase Δ-

connected load consists of a 0.2 H inductor in
series with the parallel combination of a 5 𝜇F
capacitor and a 200 Ω resistance. Assume zero
line resistance and a phase voltage of 200 V at
𝜔 = 400 rad/s. Find (a) the phase current; (b)
the line current; (c) the total power absorbed by
the load

Practice: 12.7
Page 49

Example 12.5:
Page 50
Determine the amplitude of the line current in a

three-phase system with a line voltage of 300 V
that supplies 1200 W to a ∆-connected load at a
lagging PF of 0.8
 VL I p cos 
IL
 VL cos 
3
I L  2.89 A., Z p  180 36.9
Example 12.6:
Page 51
Determine the amplitude of the line current in a

three-phase system with a line voltage of 300 V
that supplies 1200 W to a Y-connected load at a
lagging PF of 0.8
 V p I L cos 
VL
 I L cos 
3
ZD
I L  2.89 A., Z p  60 36.9 ZY 
3
Practice: 12.8
Page 52
A balanced three-phase three-wire system is

terminated with two Δ-connected load in
parallel. Load 1 draws 40kVA at lagging PF of
0.8, while load 2 absorbs 24 kW at a leading PF
of 0.9. Assume no line resistance, and let
𝐕𝑎𝑏 = 440∠30° V. Find (a) the total power drawn
by the load; (b) the phase current 𝐈𝐴𝐵1 for the
lagging load; (c) 𝐈𝐴𝐵2 ; (d) 𝐈𝑎𝐴 .

Practice: 12.8
Page 53

Power Measurement:
Page 54
wattmeter

Power Measurement:
Page 55
P  V2  I cosangV2  angI 

Practice: 12.9
Page 56
Determine the wattmeter reading in Figure

below, state weather or not the potential coil had
to be reversed in order to obtain an upscale
reading, and identify the device or devices
absorbing or generating this power. The (+)
terminal of the wattmeter is connected to: (a) x;
(b) y; (c) z.

Practice: 12.9
Page 57

Practice: 12.9
Page 58

Power Measurement:
Page 59
The wattmeter in a Three-Phase System:

Power Measurement:
Page 60
T
1
PA   v Ax iaAdt
T 0
v Ax  v AN  vNx
vBx  vBN  v Nx
vCx  vCN  v Nx
T
1
P  PA  PB  PC   (v Ax iaA  vBx ibB  vCxicC )dt
T 0
Power Measurement:
Page 61
v Ax  v AN  vNx
vBx  vBN  v Nx
vCx  vCN  v Nx
T
1
P  PA  PB  PC   (v Ax iaA  vBx ibB  vCxicC )dt
T 0
T T
1 1
  (v AN iaA  vBN ibB  vCN icC )dt   v Nx (iaA  ibB  icC )dt
T 0 T 0
T
1
  (v AN iaA  vBN ibB  vCN icC )dt
T 0
Power Measurement:
Page 62
The Two-Wattmeter Method:
P1  VAB  I aA cosangVAB  angI aA 

P2  VCB  I cC cosangVCB  angI cC 
Power Measurement:
Page 63
in the case of a
balance load:
we can find PF
P1  VAB  I aA cosangVAB  angI aA 

 VL I L cos30   
P2  VCB  I cC cosangVCB  angI cC 
 VL I L cos30   
Power Measurement:
Page 64
in the case of a
balance load:
we can find PF
P1 cos30   

P2 cos30   
P2  P1
tan   3
P2  P1
Example 12.7:
Page 65
The balanced load is fed by a balanced three-

phase system having Vab  230 0 and positive
phase sequence. Find the reading of each
wattmeter and the total power drawn by the
load.
Vab  230 0
Vbc  230  120
Vca  230 120

Example:
Page 66
Vab  230 0
Vca  230 120
Vac  230  60
Van 230  30

I aA   3
 8.554  105.1
4  j15 4  j15
P1  Vac  I aA cosangVac  angI aA 

 230  8.554 cos 60  105.1  1389 W
Example:
Page 67
Vbc  230  120
I aA  8.554  105.1
I bB  8.554  134.9
P2  Vbc  I bB cosangVbc  angI bB 

 230  8.554 cos 120  134.9   512.5 W

Practice: 12.10
Page 68
For the circuit of Figure below, let the loads be

𝐙𝐴 = 25∠60°Ω, 𝐙𝐵 = 50∠ − 60°Ω, 𝐙𝐶 = 50∠60°Ω,
𝐕𝐴𝐵 = 600∠0° V rms with (+) phase sequence, and
locate point x at C. Find (a) 𝑃𝐴 ; (b) 𝑃𝐵 ; (c)𝑃𝐶

Practice: 12.10
Page 69

Practice: 12.10
Page 70

Example: Final 2/47
Page 71
เมื่อ แหล่งจ่ายในวงจร เป็ นแบบ balanced และ positive phase

sequence จงหา I aA , I bB , I cC และ the total complex power
supplied by the source
a A
480 0o Vrms
+
_
10 ohm
b -j10 ohm
+
_
B
j5 ohm
_
+
c
C
ENE 104 AC Circuit Power Analysis Week #12

Example: Final 2/47
Page 72
a A
Van  480 0 V. +
480 0o Vrms
_
10 ohm
Vbn  480  120 V b -j10 ohm
+
_
B
j5 ohm
_
Vcn  480  240 V.

+
c
C
Vab  3 V p 30 Vab

I AB   83.1 30
Vbc  3  480  90 10
831.38  90
I
Vca  831.38  210 BC   166.3
j5
831.38 150
I CA   83.1  120
 j10
Example: Final 2/47
Page 73
a A
I AB  83.1 30 +
480 0o Vrms
_
10 ohm
I BC  166.3 b -j10 ohm
+
_
B
I CA  83.1  120
j5 ohm
_
+
c
C
I aA  I AB  I CA
I bB  I BC  I AB
I cC  I CA  I BC
Stotal  V I *
AB AB V I *
BC BC V I *
CA CA

Example: Final 2/46
Page 74
เมื่อ Wattmeters ในวงจร อ่านค่าได้ W1  37,297.54 W.

และ W2  139,196.31 W. เมื่อค่า the magnitude ของ the
line voltage มีค่า 4160 V. จงหา Z
P2  P1
tan   3
P2  P1
Ex:
Page 75
a A
0o
+
-
480 Vrms
Wm1
+
- ZA= 60 -30˚
+
_ ZA
ZB= 24 30˚
b B
ZC
+
_
o
480 120
_
+ ZB ZC= 80 0˚
Wm2
480 -120 o
+
-
c +
- C
ให้หา VAB, VBC, IAB, IBC, IaA, IcC และค่าที่อ่านได้ที่

wattmeter ทั้งสอง
Ex:
Page 76
a A
480 0 o
Vrms
+
-
Wm1
+
-
+
_ ZA
b B
ZC
+
_
o
480 120
_
+ ZB
Wm2
480 -120 o
+
-
c +
- C

Hw:
Page 77

Reference:
Page 78
W.H. Hayt, Jr., J.E. Kemmerly, S.M. Durbin, Engineering Circuit Analysis, Sixth Edition.
Copyright ©2002 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved.
ENE 104 Circuit Analysis and Electrical Engineering

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ENE 104

Electric Circuit Theory

(ENE) Mon, 26 Mar 2012 / (EIE) Wed, 4 Apr 2012

• single-phase and polyphase systems

• Y- and Δ- connected three-phase system

• per-phase analysis of three-phase systems

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

An example set of three voltages, each of which is 120o out of

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

(a) The definition of the

(b) Vad = Vab + Vbc+ Vcd

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

Vcn  100  240 V.

Vab  Van  Vnb  Van  Vbn

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

Let 𝐕𝑎𝑏 = 100∠0° V, 𝐕𝑏𝑑 = 40∠80° V, and

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

Refer to the circuit of figure below and let

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

Since Van = Vnb

Effect of Finite Wire Impedance:

Analyze the system below and determine the power

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

 115 0  I1  50(I1  I 2 )  3(I1  I 3 )  0

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

P100  I 3  I 2 100  117 W.

P20 j10  I 2  20  1763 W.

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

The transmission efficiency, :

total power delivered to load

Modified Figure below by adding a 1.5 Ω

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

A balanced three-phase system:

Van  Vbn  Vcn

Van  Vbn  Vcn  0

A Y-connected three-phase four-wire source.

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

Positive, or abc, Negative, or cba,

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

Vab  Van  Vbn

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

Find the currents, voltages and the total power

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

Vcn  200  240 V.

v AN  200 2 cos(120t  0)

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

even though phase voltages and currents have

pB (t )  200  400 cos(240t  300)]

the instantaneous power absorbed by the total

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

A balanced three-phase three-wire system has a

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

ENE 104 Polyphase Circuits Week #12

A balanced three-phase system with a line

The phase voltage is V p  3003 V .

The per-phase power is 1200