Integration by Parts 64.

∫ 𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
62. ∫ ln⁡(𝑥𝑑𝑥)⁡ Let u = tan−1 𝑥
Let u = ln x 𝑑𝑥
du = 1+𝑥 2
du = 𝑑𝑥/𝑥
dv = x dx
v=x 1
v = 2 𝑥2
∫ (𝑢𝑑𝑣)= u v - ∫ (𝑣𝑑𝑢)
∫ (𝑢𝑑𝑣)= u v - ∫ (𝑣𝑑𝑢)
𝑥𝑑𝑥
= (ln x) (x) - ∫ ( )
𝑥 1 𝑥2
= tan−1 𝑥 – ⁡⁡∫
2 𝑥 2 +1
= x ln x – x +c
1 1 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥 2 tan−1 𝑥 - ∫
2 2 1+𝑥 2

63. ∫ sin−1(𝑥)𝑑𝑥⁡ 𝑥2 1
= 1 − 𝑥 2 +1
𝑥 2 +1
Let u = sin-1 x 1 1 ⁡1
= 𝑥 2 tan−1 𝑥 - 2 ⁡ ∫ [(1 − 𝑥 2 +1)] dx
𝑑𝑥 2
du = √1−𝑥 2
1 1 ⁡𝑑𝑥
= 2 𝑥 2 tan−1 𝑥 - 2 ⁡ ∫ [(∫ dx − ∫ 𝑥 2 +1)]
dv = dx
1 1
v=x = 2 𝑥 2 tan−1 𝑥 - 2 (x − tan−1 𝑥⁡) + c
1 1 1 1
∫ (𝑢𝑑𝑣)= u v - ∫ (𝑣𝑑𝑢) = 𝑥 2 tan−1 𝑥 - 2x + 2 𝑥 + 2 tan−1 𝑥 + c
2
(𝑥𝑑𝑥)
= (sin-1 x) (x) - ∫ √1−𝑥2

Let u = 1 – x2
𝑑𝑢 (−2𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥)
=
−2 −2
1
− 2 𝑑𝑢= x dx
1
− 𝑑𝑢
-1 2
= x sin x - ∫
√𝑢

= x sin-1 x + 1/2 ∫ 𝑢1/2 du

= x sin-1 x + √(1 − 𝑥 2 ⁡) + c
65. ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥𝑑𝑥 Let 𝑢 = 𝑠inx

u = x2 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒^𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
du = 2x dx
𝑣 = 𝑒 ^𝑥
dv = cos 2x dx
= 𝑢𝑣 − ∫▒𝑣𝑑𝑢
v = 1/2 sin 2x
= (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)(𝑒^𝑥⁡) − ∫ _0^𝜋▒〖𝑒^𝑥⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥〗
∫ (𝑢𝑑𝑣)= u v - ∫ (𝑣𝑑𝑢)
𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒^𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥
1 1
= (𝑥 2 ⁡) (2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥) − ∫ (2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥) (2𝑥𝑑𝑥) 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = 𝑒 ^𝑥

u=x = 𝑒^𝑥⁡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − [𝑒^𝑥⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −

∫_0^𝜋▒〖𝑒^𝑥⁡(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥)]〗
du = dx
= 𝑒^𝑥⁡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑒^𝑥⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − ∫_0^𝜋▒𝑒^𝑥 ⁡⁡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
dv = sin 2x dx
= 2∫_0^𝜋▒〖𝑒^𝑥⁡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = (𝑒^𝑥⁡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −
v = -1/2⁡⁡cos 2x 𝑒^𝑥⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )⁡⁡|𝜋¦0〗
1 = 1/2⁡[𝑒 ^𝜋⁡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋 − 𝑒^𝜋⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋 ) − (𝑒^0⁡𝑠𝑖𝑛0 −
= 2 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 − [(𝑥) (− 12 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥) − ∫ (12 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥
𝑒^0⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠0)]
1 1 1
= 2 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥+ 2 𝑥⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 1/2⁡(𝑒^𝜋 + 1)

1 1 1 1 = 12.071
= 2 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 2 𝑥⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 2 (2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥) + 𝑐
1 1 1
= = 2 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 2 𝑥⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 4 (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥) + 𝑐

66. ∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 dx
u=x
du = dx
dv = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
v = 𝑒𝑥

∫ (𝑢𝑑𝑣)= u v - ∫ (𝑣𝑑𝑢)
= 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 – ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 - 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐
= 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 − 1) + 𝑐
67. ∫ _0^𝜋▒〖𝑒^𝑥⁡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥〗
68. ∫ ▒〖〖𝑠𝑒𝑐〗^3⁡𝑥𝑑𝑥〗 = 1/2[(−√2)(−1) + ln⁡(√2 + 1) − ((−√2)(1) +
ln⁡(√2 − 1)⁡)]
= ∫ ▒〖〖𝑠𝑒𝑐〗^2⁡𝑥〗⁡𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥
= 2.29
Let 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥

𝑑𝑣 = 〖𝑠𝑒𝑐〗^2⁡𝑥𝑑𝑥
INTEGRATION PROCEDURES:
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
2. Trigonometric Substitution
𝑣 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
If the integral contains √(𝑎^2 − 𝑥^2⁡),
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − ∫▒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
√(𝑎^2 + 𝑥^2⁡),⁡and √(𝑥^2 − 𝑎^2⁡) where “a” is
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − ∫▒〖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥〖𝑡𝑎𝑛〗^2⁡𝑥𝑑𝑥〗 any constant, use:

= 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − ∫▒𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 (〖𝑠𝑒𝑐〗^2⁡𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥 a. 𝑋 = 𝑎⁡𝑠𝑖𝑛θ⁡ for √(𝑎^2 − 𝑥^2⁡)

(𝑎⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − ∫▒〖〖(𝑠𝑒𝑐〗^3⁡𝑥〗 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥)𝑑𝑥 b. 𝑋 = 𝑎⁡𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 for √(𝑎^2 + 𝑥^2⁡)⁡⁡
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − ∫▒〖〖𝑠𝑒𝑐〗^3⁡𝑥𝑑𝑥 +
(𝑎⁡𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃)
∫▒𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥〗 c. 𝑋 = 𝑎⁡𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃⁡ for √(𝑥^2 − 𝑎^2⁡)
(𝑎⁡𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)
=⁡⁡(2∫▒〖〖𝑠𝑒𝑐〗^3⁡𝑥𝑑𝑥〗)/2 = ([𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 −
ln⁡(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)])/2 + 𝑐 70. ∫ ▒(𝑥^2⁡𝑑𝑥)/√(𝑎 − 𝑥^2⁡)

= 1/2⁡[𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + ln⁡(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )⁡] + 𝑐 𝑥 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃⁡𝑑𝑥

𝑥 = 9𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

= √(9 − 𝑥^2⁡) = √(9 − 〖𝑠𝑖𝑛〗^2⁡𝜃)

69. ∫ _(𝜋/4)^(3𝜋/4)▒〖〖𝑐𝑠𝑐〗^3⁡𝑥𝑑𝑥〗 = √(9(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃))

= ∫ _(𝜋/4)^(3𝜋/4)▒〖〖𝑐𝑠𝑐〗^2⁡𝑥⁡𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥〗 = √9𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

LET 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 𝑑𝑣 = ⁡〖𝑐𝑠𝑐〗^2⁡𝑥 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥⁡𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 =∫ ▒(9〖𝑠𝑖𝑛〗^2⁡𝜃⁡3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃⁡𝑑𝜃)/3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

= 9∫▒〖〖𝑠𝑖𝑛〗^2⁡𝜃⁡𝑑𝜃〗
= ⁡𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 (−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 ) − ∫▒〖(−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 )𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥⁡𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥〗 = 9∫▒(1/2 − 1/2⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 )𝑑𝜃
= −𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥⁡𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 − ⁡ ∫▒〖𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥⁡〖𝑐𝑜𝑡〗^2⁡𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥〗 = 9[∫▒〖1/2⁡𝑑𝜃 − ∫▒〖1/2⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃𝑑𝜃]〗〗
= −𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥⁡𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 − ⁡ ∫▒〖𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥⁡(〖𝑐𝑠𝑐〗^2⁡𝑥 − = 9[1/2⁡𝜃 − 1/2 ∙ 1/2⁡𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 ] + 𝑐
1)⁡⁡𝑑𝑥〗2
= 9/2⁡𝜃 − 9/4⁡𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 + 𝑐
= −𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥⁡𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 − ⁡ ∫▒〖〖𝑐𝑠𝑐〗^3⁡𝑥𝑑𝑥 −
= 9/2⁡𝜃 − 9/4⁡2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑐
∫▒𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥〗
= 9/2⁡〖𝑠𝑖𝑛〗^(−1)⁡⁡𝑥 /2 − 9/2 ∙ 𝑥 /3 ∙ √(9 −
(2⁡⁡∫ _(𝜋/4)^(3𝜋/4)▒〖〖𝑐𝑠𝑐〗^3⁡𝑥𝑑𝑥〗)/2 =
𝑥 ^2⁡)/3 + 𝑐
(−𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥⁡𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 − ln⁡〖𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥⁡〗)/2 + 𝑐
= 9/2⁡〖𝑠𝑖𝑛〗^(−1)⁡⁡𝑥 /3 − (𝑥 √(9 − 𝑥 ^2⁡))/2 +
= 1/2⁡[−𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡 ) + 𝑐⁡|⁡⁡(3𝜋/4)¦(𝜋/
𝑐
4)
71. ∫ ▒𝑑𝑥/(∫ ▒〖𝑙𝑛 + 𝑥^2⁡〗) 72. ∫ ▒√(2𝑥 − 𝑥^(2⁡)⁡)dx
LET 𝑥 = 4𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
= √(−(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥 + 1) − 1) dx
𝑑𝑥 = 4〖𝑠𝑒𝑐〗^2⁡𝜃𝑑𝜃
= ∫ ▒√(1 − (𝑥−)⁡〖1)〗^2⁡⁡𝑑𝑥
𝑥 ^2 = 16𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

√(16 + 𝑥^2⁡) =⁡√(16 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)

(x − 1) ⁡ = ⁡⁡sin⁡θ⁡⁡

=⁡√(16(1 + 〖𝑡𝑎𝑛〗^2⁡𝜃))
(x − 1)^2⁡⁡ = ⁡⁡sin^2⁡θ

= √(16〖𝑠𝑒𝑐〗^2⁡𝜃)
𝑑𝑥 = ⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠⁡θ⁡dθ

= 4𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 √(1 − (𝑥 − 1)) = √(1 − sin^2⁡θ⁡)

= ∫ ▒(4〖𝑠𝑒𝑐〗^2⁡𝜃𝑑𝜃)/4𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = √(cos^2⁡θ⁡)
= ∫ ▒𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑑𝜃 = cos⁡θ
= ln⁡(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ) + 𝑐
= ∫ ▒cos⁡〖θ ∗ cos⁡〖θ⁡dθ〗⁡〗⁡

= ∫ ▒〖cos^2⁡θ⁡⁡d⁡θ⁡〗
x

= ∫ ▒〖(1/2 + 〗⁡⁡1/2 〖cos⁡2〗⁡〖θ⁡)⁡〗

4
⁡⁡𝑑⁡θ

= 1/2⁡∫ ▒〖d⁡θ
𝑥 /4 = 4𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 /4

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑥 /4
+ ⁡1/2〗⁡∫ ▒〖cos⁡2〗⁡〖θ⁡d⁡θ⁡〗⁡

𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = √(16 + 𝑥 ^2⁡)/4 = 1/2⁡θ + 1/4⁡⁡sin⁡〖2θ + c〗

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑥 /4
= 1/2⁡cos^(−1)⁡(𝑥 − 1) + ⁡⁡1/4(2)(𝑥 −
= ln⁡(√(16 − 𝑥 ^2⁡)/4 + 𝑥 /4) + 𝑐 1)√(2𝑥 − 𝑥^2⁡)+c
=
𝑥 − √𝑥 2 + 16
ln ( )+𝑐
4
sin⁡〖θ = ⁡ (𝑥 − 1)/1〗⁡⁡

coz⁡〖θ = ⁡ √(2𝑥 − 𝑥^2⁡)/1〗

1
x-1
θ

√1 − (𝑥 − 1)2
Or sec Ө = ⁡ √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2
√2𝑥 − 𝑥 2

θ = ⁡ 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑥 − 1) = ⁡𝑙𝑛 (√(𝑥 + 1)2 + 1 ⁡ + (𝑥 + 1)) + 𝑐

sin 2 θ = 2sinθcosθ 𝑑𝑥
74. ∫
𝑥√𝑥 2 +144
= 2(𝑥 − 1)(√2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )
1 1
𝑥 = 12 tan Ө⁡
= 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑥 − 1) + 2 (𝑥 − 1)√2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 +c 𝑥2 =
1 1 ⁡144⁡𝑡𝑎𝑛2 Ө
= 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 √2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 2 (𝑥 − 1)√2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + c
𝑑𝑥 = 12⁡𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ӨdӨ⁡

𝑑𝑥 √(𝑥 2 + 144) ⁡ = ⁡ √144⁡𝑡𝑎𝑛2 Ө + 144

73. ∫ ⁡
√𝑥 2 +2𝑥+2
𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 2 =
√(𝑥 +2𝑥+1)+1
√144(𝑡𝑎𝑛2 Ө + 1)
𝑑𝑥
= ∫ = √144 sec 2 Ө
√(𝑥+1)2 +1
= 12𝑠𝑒𝑐Ө
12𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ӨdӨ
𝑥 + 1 = tan Ө =
12𝑡𝑎𝑛Ө(12secӨ)
𝑑𝑥 =
𝑠𝑒𝑐ӨdӨ
=
√(𝑥 + 1)2 + 1 ⁡⁡⁡ = ⁡⁡⁡⁡ √tan2 Ө +1 𝑡𝑎𝑛Ө
𝑠𝑒𝑐Ө
= √sec 2 Ө =
𝑡𝑎𝑛Ө
= ⁡⁡sec Ө
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ӨdӨ
= ∫ sec Ө

= ⁡∫ sec Ө
𝑙𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑐 Ө +𝑡𝑎𝑛 Ө) + 𝑐

⁡⁡⁡⁡√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2
(𝑥 + 1)⁡⁡

1
 𝑢5
=∫ 𝑑𝑢
2+𝑢
= 4 ∫( 𝑢4 -2𝑢3 + 4𝑢2 − 8𝑢 +
−(16𝑢+32)
16)𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑑𝑥 −32
75. ∫
√4−𝑥 1 1 4
= 4 ( 𝑢5 − 𝑢4 + ⁡ 𝑢3 − 2𝑢2
5 2 3
𝑢 = ⁡ √4 − 𝑥
𝑢2 = 4 − 𝑥⁡ − 32 ln(𝑢𝑡2)) + 𝑐
1 1
2𝑢𝑑𝑢 = −𝑑𝑥 1 5 1 4 3
=4(5 ∗ 9 − 2 𝑥 + 3 𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 2 − 32 ln (𝑥 4 +
−2𝑢𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
2) + 𝑐
2
(4 − 𝑢 )(−2𝑢𝑑𝑢)
=∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
∫ = ln⁡(𝑢 + 𝑎) + 𝑐
= −2 ∫(4 − 𝑢2 )𝑑𝑢 𝑢+𝑎
1
= −2 [4𝑢 − 𝑢3 ] + 𝑐
3
12𝑢 − 𝑢3
= −2 ( )+𝑐 𝑑𝑥
3 76.∫
√𝑥+4√𝑥3
2
= − 𝑢⁡(12𝑢
3
𝑑𝑥
=∫ 1 3
− 𝑢2 ) + 𝑐
2 𝑥2 + 𝑥4
= − √4 − 𝑥⁡(𝑥
3 1
+ 8) + 𝑐 𝑢 = 𝑥4
1
𝑢2 = 𝑥 2
77. 3
𝑢3 = 𝑥 4
𝑥)⁡𝑑𝑥
∫√ 4 ⁡
𝑢4 = 𝑥
2+⁡ √𝑥

1 4𝑢3 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
=⁡ 1 4𝑢3 𝑑𝑢
2 + 𝑥4 = 4∫
𝑢2 + 𝑢3
1
𝑢 = ⁡ 𝑥4 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢
= 4∫ 2
1 𝑢 (𝑢 + 1)
𝑢2 = ⁡ 𝑥 2
𝑢𝑑𝑢
𝑢4 = ⁡𝑥 = 4∫
𝑢+1
𝑢2 ∗ 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢 1
= 4∫ = 4 ∫(1 − )𝑑𝑢
2+𝑢 𝑢+1
= 4[⁡𝑢 − ln⁡( 𝑢 + 1)] + 𝑐 1 1 1
 
1 1 x  x6
2
5( x  3) 5( x  2)
= 4 (𝑥 4 − ln (𝑥 4 + 1)) + 𝑐

Now, just substitute,

Integration Procedure Using Partial Fraction

dx
Case 1. Factors of denominator are linear x  x6
2

not repeated.Example:  
1 1
    dx
78.)
1  5( x  3) 5( x  2) 
x  x6
2

1 dx 1 dx
1

A

B 
5  x 3  5  x  2
x  x6
2
x 3 x  2
1 1
 ln( x  3)  ln( x  2)  c
5 5
 ln( x  3)  ln( x  2)  c
Multiply the given to its denominator. 1
5
1 x 3
B  ( x  3)  ln c
 1 A 5 x2
 2   
 x  x  6 x  3 x  2  ( x  2)

Then we get, 1= A(x+2) + B(x-3)

If x = 3
1 = 5A
1
A=
5

If x = -2
1 = -5B
1
- =B
5
79.) 
dx x2  2x  2
80.)  dx
x  2x
2
x3  4 x
dx
  ( x )( x  2)  x2  2x  2 A B C 
( x)
 3     ( x  2)
 B   x  4x x x  2 x  2 
1 A ( x  2)
 x ( x  2)  x  x  2 
  x 2  2 x  2  A( x  2)( x  2)  B( x)( x  2)  C ( x  2)( x)

1 = A(x+2) + B(x) If x = 0
 2  A(4)
X = -2 4
1
1 = -2B A
2
1
B= 
2
If x = -2
4  4  2  B(2)( 4)
X=0
 2  8B
1 = 2A
1
B
1 4
A=
2

If x = 2
1 dx 1 dx 4  4  2  C (8)

2  x
 
2 x2 6  8C
 ln x  ln( x  2)   c
1
3
2 C
1 x 4
 ln c
2 x2

1 dx 1 dx 3 dx
   
2 x 4 x2 4 x2
 

1 3 1
 ln x  ln( x  2)  ln( x  2)  c
2 4 4
 ln x  ln( x  2)  ln( x  2)1/ 4  c
1/ 2 3/ 4

( x)1/ 2 ( x  2) 3 / 4
 ln c
( x  2)1/ 4
Case 2. Factors of denominator are linear 16  16 x  4 x 2
82.) 
but repeated. ( x 2  4) 2
16  16 x  4 x 2
. 
x  2x  22
( x  1)dx
81.)  16  16 x  4 x 2
( x)( x  1) 2  dx
( x  2) 2 ( x  2) 2
 x 1 A B C  ( x  1) 2
    
 ( x)( x  1)
2
x ( x  1)1 ( x  1) 2  ( x)
16  16 x  4 x 2 A B C D
   
( x  2) ( x  2)
2 2
x  2 ( x  2) ( x  2) ( x  2) 2
2

x  1  A( x 2  2 x  1)  B( x 2  x)  C ( x)
x  1  Ax 2  2 Ax  A  Bx 2  Bx  Cx
0 x 2  x  1  x 2 ( A  B)  x(2 A  B  C )  A If x = 2
32  16 D
D2
1.) A  B  0  B  1
2.)  2 A  B  C  1
3.) A  1 If x = -2
 32  16B
B  2
( x  1)dx

( x)( x  1) 2
1
  
1

2 
dx

16  16 x  4 x 2  A( x 3  2 x 2  4 x  8)  B( x 2  4 x  4)  C x 3
2 
 x ( x  1) ( x  1)   ( A  C ) x  x (2 A  B  2C  D)  x(4 A  4 B  4C  4 D
3 2

dx 1.) A  C  0
 ln x  ln( x  1)  2  c
( x  1) 2 2.)  2 A  B  2C  D  4
3.)  4 A  4 B  4C  4 D  16
4.)4 A  4 B  8C  4 D  16
u  x 1
du  dx 1.) A  C  0  A  C
2.)  2 A  2  2C  2  4
x du
 ln  2 2  c  2 A  2C  4
x 1 u
 2(C )  2C  4
x u 1
 ln 2 c 2C  2C  4
x 1 1
4C  4
x 2
 ln  c C  1
x 1 x 1
A 1
 Assignment:
dx dx dx dx
  2   2
x2 ( x  2) 2
x2 ( x  2) 2 3
4 xdx
 ln( x  2) 
2
 ln( x  2) 
2
c 84. )  ( x  1)( x 2
 1)
x2 ( x  2)
2

x2 2 2 dx
 ln 
x2 x2 x2
 c 85.  x (1  x
3 2
)

Case 3. Factors of denominator are Case 4. Factors of denominator are

quadratic not repeated. quadratic but repeated.

x2  4x  4 Case 5. If the integrand contains a rational

83.)  dx
( x  2)( x 2  4) function of trigonometric function, the
1
substitution of Z= tan 2 x or its equivalent,
 x2  4x  4 Ax  B C  ( x  2)
  2  
 ( x  2)( x  4)
2
x 4 x  2  ( x 2  4)
x 2  4 x  4  ( Ax  B)( x  2)  C ( x 2  4) 2z 1 z2
sin x  cos x 
1 z2 1 z2
2dz
dx 
If x = 2 1 z2
4  8  4  C (8)
8C  8
C  1

x 2  4 x  4  Ax 2  2 Ax  Bx  2 B  Cx 2  4C

 x 2 ( A  C )  x(2 A  B)  (2B  4C )

1.) A  C  1
2.)  2 A  B  4
3.)  2 A  4C  4
 dx 1 dx 1 dx
86.)     
3  5 cos x 4 2 z 4 2 z
2dz 1 
  ln 2  z   ln( 2  z )  c
1

1 z2 4 4 
1 z2  1 2 z
3  5 
2   ln c
1 z  4 2 z
2dz 1
 tan x  2
1 z2 1 2
 ln c
3(1  z 2 )  5  5 z 2 4 2  tan 1 x
2
1 z2
2dz

3  3z  5  5 z 2
2

dz
 2
8  2z 2
2 dz
 
2 4  z2

1 A B
 
(2  z )( 2  z ) 2  z 2  z

1  A(2  z )  B(2  z )

If z = -2
1 = 4B
1
B
4
If z = 2
1 = 4A