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Research Article
Evidence of Geological Control on Reservior Petrophysical
Properties of “Beta” Field, Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria
*1Uzoegbu, M.U., 2Emenike, K.
1Department of Geology, College of Physical and Applied Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike,
Abia State, Nigeria
2Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Geological controls on the reservoir petrophysical properties of “BETA Field” have been carried
out using suites of wireline logs. Stratigraphic relationship among the reservoir sand bodies
including their geometrical architectures, and their stacking patterns were also established.
Exponential regression analysis of some of the petrophysical parameters were carried out to
establish any relationship with depositional processes as well as depositional environments of
the reservoir sand bodies in the field. The main factor controlling petrophysical properties and
thickness for these reservoirs is the type of sandstone facies. The petrophysical evaluation of
both reservoirs (K and Q) depicts porosity range from fair to very good across wells (i.e 11% to
25%). From the evaluated reservoirs porosity, there is no significant reduction of porosity with
depth increase. The values obtained for the permeability of both reservoirs (K and Q) varied widely
and inconsistent across the wells in the study field. The various depositional environments
established in BETA field include fluvial, tidal channel, mouth bars, delta front, and the reservoir
sands occurring in different depositional settings, resulting from different depositional
processes, which had a wide range of petrophysical properties.
Key words: Reservoir, Petrophysical properties, Porosity, permeability, Stratigraphy, Depositional environment.
INTRODUCTION
BETA is a name assigned to a field in the Eastern Niger describing and predicting reservoir development and
Delta. It is situated within the Coastal Swamp depobelt of distribution on both local and regional scale (Ugwueze,
the eastern Niger Delta, which lies within latitude 5o27ˈ36 2015).
״N to 6 o 30ˈ00 ״N and longitude 6 o 32ˈ24 ״E to 6 o 38ˈ24 ״
Geological processes within a depositional environment *Corresponding Author: Uzoegbu M. Uche; Department
impart their characteristic by creating lithofacies changes of Geology, College of Physical and Applied Sciences,
both lateral and vertical with varying porosities (Slatt, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike,
2006). The depositional environments reconstruction in Nigeria. Email: mu.uzoegbu@mouau.edu.ng, Tel:
clastic sequences provides optimum framework for +2348030715958.
Evidence of Geological Control on Reservior Petrophysical Properties of “Beta” Field, Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria
Uzoegbu and Emenike 276
Fig. 1: Map showing location of study area modified (Ocheli et al., 2013).
stacking patterns of the reservoirs sandbodies across the sediments of the onshore are separately mapped as
field, (c) to establish environments of deposition of the alluvium in contrast with the offshore sediments, in which
reservoir sandbodies in the field, and to carry out the youngest sediments were not investigated because
exponential regression analyses of some of the cutting samples could not be collected from the upper
petrophysical parameter hundred feet below sea level.
Fig. 2: Stratigraphic Column showing Eastern Niger Delta lithofacies units and Cenozoic Geological Data (Reijers,
1996).
Niger Delta subsurface is divided into three major well-header. Only one correlation transects (SSW-NNE)
lithostratigraphic units such as the Akata, Agbada and were used to infer the stratigraphic positions of each of the
Benin Formations (Reijers, 1996) (Fig. 2). Basin-ward, reservoir sands under study (Fig. 3).
there is a decrease in age, which reflects the overall
regression of the Niger Delta clastic wedge depositional The wells were correlated using gamma ray log signature
environments. In the south southern Niger Delta, to identify the major sandstone units, and the deep
stratigraphic units equivalent to these three formations are resistivity log for detailed correlation on emphasis on the
exposed, and it reflect a gross coarsening upward shale sections. The stratigraphic relationship and reservoir
progradational clastic wedge (Short and Stauble, 1967), continuity among various reservoir sands as well as their
deposited in marine, deltaic and fluvial environments geometries and direction of sand development were
(Weber and Daukoru, 1975; Weber, 1987). inferred.
Analysis of the gamma ray log motif indicates that the log
trend of K-Reservoir sands falls mostly into five categories
namely; serrated (saw teeth) shape, funnel shape,
cylindrical shape, symmetrical shape and bell shape.
Evidence of Geological Control on Reservior Petrophysical Properties of “Beta” Field, Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria
Uzoegbu and Emenike 280
Fig. 6: Q-Reservoir Stacking pattern and depositional From the cross plot of water saturation (Sw) against
environment. porosity in Q-reservoir, it has a wide (negative) dispersion
around the exponential curve (Fig. 9), the formation bulk
volume water values are not constant or near a constant,
which is an indicative that the formation is heterogeneous,
not at irreducible water saturation, and the reservoir will
produce hydrocarbon with water. The formation has more
water than it can hold by capillary pressure.
CONCLUSION
Evidence of Geological Control on Reservior Petrophysical Properties of “Beta” Field, Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria