1.

0 Introduction (Computer Networks and Communications)

2.0 Mobile Computing

2.1 Definition
2.2 Specification, Services, Frequencies of Mobile Computing

3.0 Internet Technology and Services

3.1 VoIP
3.2 BLOG

4.0 Types of network

4.1 Personal Area Network (PAN)
4.2 Virtual Private Network (VPN)
4.3 Wireless (WLAN)
4.4 Worldwide Interoperability For Microwave Access (WiMAX)

5.0 Conclusion

Reference
1. Introduction

1.1. COMPUTER NETWORKS

 A computer network is a system of interconnected computers and peripheral devices.

 For example, it may connect computers, printers, scanners and cameras.
 Using hardware and software, these interconnected computing devices can communicate
with each other through defined rules of data communications.
 In a network, computers can exchange and share information and resources
 A computer network may operate on wired connections or wireless connections.
 When two or more networks are linked or connected and are able to communicate with
one another using suitable hardware and software.
 It is called an internet work.

1.2 COMMUNICATIONS

o Communications is about the transfer of information from sender, across a distance, to a

receiver.
o The information that is transmitted (sent) can be text, voice, sound, video, graphics and
images, or combination of all these, which we all multimedia.
o We transmit information or data by using two types of signals, namely analogue and
digital.
o Computers communicate with digital signals.
o Therefore, in order to make communications possible from computers, across telephone
and radios and back to computers and other digital devices again.
o There must be a signal translator, which we call – a modem.
 2.0 MOBILE COMPUTING

2.1 DEFINITION

 Mobile computing is about the new strategies of computing that utilise portable or mobile
devices and wireless communication networks.
 There are various types of mobile computing devices.
 They include the notebook computer, tablet PC, handheld computer, PDA and
smartphone

2.2 Specification, services and frequencies of Mobile Computing

Mobile computing PDA

Specification 1. Low band with.

2. High band with variability.
3. Hidden terminal.
4. Low power machines.
5. Low resources machines
6.need proximity
7.higher delay
8.disconnected operation
9.enable anywhere or anytime
connectivity.
10.Enable new application

Services 1. Emergency services

(messaging & calling)
2.stock information. Collection
or control.
3. Credit card verification.
4. Taxi/truck dispatch.
5.Electronic mail/paging

Frequencies o EGSM 900/1800/1900

o UMTS 2100
 3.0 Internet Technology and Services

3.1 Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

 Protocols used to carry voice signals over the IP network are commonly referred to as
Voice over IP or VoIP.
 VoIP is one of the internet technologies that allow a user to make telephone calls using
a broadband Internet-connection instead of a regular (or analog) phone line.
 VoIP is a method for taking analog audio signals and turning them into digital data that
can be transmitted over the internet.
 There are three different VoIP services in common use today.
 They are Analog Telephone Adapter (ATA), IP Phones and computer-to-computer.

3.2 BLOG

• A blog (web log or weblog) is one of the popular activities on the Internet.
• Most of these blogs are publicly shared and the authors frequently update the content
on a regular basis.
• A blog is usually referred to the text produced by the author about his or her thoughts,
experiences or interests.
• The world of blogging is referred as blogosphere.
• Another new term is the blogonomics, which refers to people using the blogosphere to
generate money.
• The posts to a blog are usually arranged in this order ; the most recent entries will
always be on top of the journal.
• To write a good blog, you need to remember these principles:
 Use a consistent writing style and appropriate tone for your subject.
 Post often, though your posts are short
 Allow your readers to give you comments on your posts.
 4.0 The Latest Development in ICT

4.1 Personal Area Network (PAN)

 PAN is a computer network used for communication among computer devices.
 It include PCs, laptops, printers, telephones, digital cameras, mobile phones, video
game consoles and personal digital assistants, close to one person.

4.2 Virtual Private Network (VPN)

o VPN is a network that uses a public telecommunication infrastructure.
o Such as the Internet, to remote officers or individuals with secure access to their private
network of organization.
o VPN uses tunnelling mechanism to maintain privacy and security of the data
o Tunnelling means transmitting data packets across a public network.
o VPN is often used by companies to provide access from their internal network
resources to their home or mobile workers.

4.3 Wireless LAN (WLAN)

 It is a type of LAN uses high-frequency radio waves to communicate between nodes.
 WLAN improves user mobility, speed and scalability to move around within a broad
coverage area and still be connected to the work.
 The IEEE standard for Wireless LANs is 802.11

4.4 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)

• It is the industry term for broadband wireless access network that is developed based
on the IEEE 802.16 standard.
• It is a Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) technology that will connect WiFi
hotspots to the Internet and provides a wireless extension to cable and DSL for larger
broadband access.
• It would operate similar to WiFi but at higher speeds, over greater distances and for a
greater number of uses.
• A WiMAX system will have 2 major parts:
 A WiMAX base station, similar in concept to a mobile phone tower.
 A WiMAX receiver installed at home.

Mobile computing (like the peer to peer transaction model did) brings about a new
paradigm of distributed computing in which communication may be achieved through
wireless networks and users can compute even as they relocate from one support
environment to another. The impact of mobile computing on systems design goes beyond
the networking level and directly effects data management. Although being a relatively
new area, mobile data management has attracted a lot of research efforts, motivated by
both a great market potential and by many challenging research problems
Website

 http://www.scribd.com/doc/15003764/The-Latest-Development-in-Network-and-
Communication

 http://smklangkawi.edu.my/blogict/?p=7
 http://www.devcomsnetwork.org/

Book
 ICT Courseware Module Form 4