Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
no basis in linguistic fact.
Change is a natural phenomenon of
language.
Language Learning
Social Differentiation
Invention
Language Contact and Word
L C d W d
Borrowing
Speaker’s Errors
1
Loss
Additions
Assimilations
Dissimilations
Metathesis (and Spoonerisms)
Blends
Malapropisms
Reanalysis
Occurs when a speaker does not fully
enunciate all syllables of a word:
Temperature temperture
Laboratory labratory
Postpone pospone
Do you like it? You like it?
Occurs when syllables are added to a
word:
Athlete athalete
Words in romance languages:
Latin studio schola
Spanish estudio escuela
Portuguese estudo escola
French etude ecole
2
Occurs when words are said fast so that
a feature belonging to one phoneme is
carried over to another:
Tin box timbox
Gunboat gumbox
In place implace
Immense
Immobile
Embrace
Indent
Intent
Occurs with repeated sounds (or
similar sounds) that are difficult to
say when in articulation. This leads
t th h
to the changing or dropping of the
i d i f th
sound:
Our time is up in five minutes.
Our hour is up. /aur/ /ar/
February Febuary
3
Occurs when whole segments are
moved around in an exchange rather
than a change:
Asterisk
A t i k asteriks
t ik
Ask aks
A special form of metathesis that
occurs when sounds are exchanged
between words:
Break a glass blake a grass
Spend a dollar dend a spollar
Let me show you to your seat
Let me sew you to your sheet
Occurs when two words with similar
meanings are blended together:
Sparcity (scarcity + sparseness)
Scurious (spurious + scarcity)
Scurious (spurious scarcit )
Rarely ever (rarely + hardly ever)
Most everywhere (most places + almost
everywhere)
Twenty some odd (twenty some +
twenty odd)
4
Occurs when words are either used
incorrectly or words with dissimilar
meanings are blending together:
“rising to higher platitudes of
achievement” (plateaus and altitudes)
h ”( l d l d )
“he is the very pineapple of politeness”
(pinnacle)
“he laid prostate on the ground”
(prostrate)
“comparisons are odorous” (odious)
Occurs when a meaning is given to a
morpheme that was not originally intended:
Hamburger (“from Hamburg”)
Chicken
Chicken‐burger (“flat
burger ( flat, round, patty
round patty”))
Fish‐burger
Veggie‐burger