Chapter 17 - The Neural

Basis of Cognition.
Erick R. Kandel
Marcos F. Cavalier - Electronic UNTELS, 2019

marcoscavalier105@gmail.com
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Understand Neural COGNITIVE NEURAL
Representations of SCIENCE
Mental Process

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HISTORY

19th PHYSOLOFY ● INTROSPECTION

● PHISOLOGY (Sequence events, in-out)

EMPIRICAL ● BEAHAVIORISM
○ PROCESS MIND, NO OBSERVABLE
19th ○ PROCESS COGNTIVE:

ANALYSIS ○
■
■
IN: STIMULI
OUT: BEHAVIOR
NO PSICHOLOGY (SKINNER & WATSSON): HUMAN FREE WILL

● 50’ RADICAL BEHAVIOR: (in-out) is all there is of mental

life (X)
COGNITIVE ● Psichoanalysis & Neurology
20th ● ( ! ), Problem: No Acces BRAIN

PSICHOLOGY ○
○
Model Neuro net
Emergences Pc’s
○ New Tools
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BEHAVORISM VS COGNITIVISM
BEHAVORISM COGNITIVISM
STIMULI BEHAVIOR
IN OUT IN OUT
BRAIN BRAIN

STIMULI BEHAVIOR
BIOLOGIC
EQUIPE

Feeling
Motivation
Storaged
Expectative
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 ● Perceptions Mechanics (Primate =
Human = Ameba) & Mix Areas Brain.

● Human brain injuries &

Cognition=several specialized
NEUROSCIENCE systems.

TEP, IRM, MagnetoEEG: Change

COGNITIVE ●
activate neorun population // USED
DYES: Ca, volt.
Technical
● Imprevement PC’s:

○ Psishophisys: Described system capable

of doin.

○ Model Computational: “” propiertes cell,

neuro circuits.
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Neuroscientific Cognitive and Computational

1. Function brain.

2. Relationship cellular biologic process & Consciouness.

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Example Vision
Course: Brain and Space – Universidad Duke – Dr. Jennifer M. Groh.

1. The vision is spatial sense.

2. What is the physical substance or entity
involved in the vision?
3. History

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Example Vision
Course: Brain and Space – Universidad Duke – Dr. Jennifer M. Groh.
POSITION PHISOLOFY THEORY

INTROMISIÓN DEMÓCRITO Something comes from the

scene and enters the eye.

EXTROMISIÓN PLATÓN The eyes emitted something to

probe the visual scene.

MIX ALHAZEN Light as the main element in the

vision. That light determines what can
be seen and not seen and how it is
perceived. Sun, stars, amount of light
- colors.

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Example Vision
Course: Brain and Space – Universidad Duke – Dr. Jennifer M. Groh.

Light = Energy = Electromagnetic Radiation → a Wide variety of wavelengths of frequencies

Biological mechanisms for the detection of light → light sensory neurons = photoreceptors=
special molecules = photopigments = Painting that reflects / absorbs light, the specific set of
wavelengths that these photopigments absorb, oscillate between 400 and 700 nm.

How do photopigments work? = switch of the light, but instead of turning the
light on or off, in the photopigments it causes them to turn on themselves.

Molecules = entities. Rhodopsin is found in rod cells of the eye.

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Example Vision
Course: Brain and Space – Universidad Duke – Dr. Jennifer M. Groh.

Turn → neurons → electrical response to light. But before reaching this electrical
response, many biochemical phases develop:

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Example Vision
Course: Brain and Space – Universidad Duke – Dr. Jennifer M. Groh.
a) When light hits the rhodopsin molecule, it causes this movement, and causes a part of the
molecule, known as opsin, to be released from the rest of the rhodopsin molecule.
b) Opsin = enzyme = catalyze = facilitate chemical reactions = chain reaction.

c) Light affects, electrical impulses

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Example Vision
Course: Brain and Space – Universidad Duke – Dr. Jennifer M. Groh.

d) How?
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Example Vision
Course: Brain and Space – Universidad Duke – Dr. Jennifer M. Groh.

d) Ion channels, closed.

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REPRESENTATION OF THE BRAIN HAS AN
THE PERSONAL ORDINATED
SPACE

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Example Touch
An internal representation can be considered as a certain pattern of neuronal activity that has at
least two aspects: (1) the pattern of activation within a particular population of neurons (some cells
are active and others not) and (2) the pattern of Ring in individual cells.

30’ W. Marshal,
Animal experiment
no invasive.

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Example Touch

Marshall, Clinton Woolsey y Phillip Bard,

PRIMATE

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Example Touch

40’ Wilder Penifeld, epilepsia, Neural map

human, similar to rabbits.

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 Has a Map of the Sensory
Receptive Surface for
Each Sensory Modality
The Cortex

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Example
Touch
Marshal

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Bibliografy:
Course: Brain and Space – Universidad
Duke – Dr. Jennifer M. Groh.

Eric. Kandel

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