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In most cases, bronchoscopic inspection of the airways, with or without BAL, may
be safe but performing transbronchial biopsy, brushing or an advanced
bronchoscopic intervention may be contraindicated to avoid a catastrophic
outcome from asphyxia or bleeding. Specific contraindications of individual
interventional procedures (eg, laser or stent placement) performed with flexible
bronchoscopy are discussed separately. (See "Flexible bronchoscopy balloon
dilation for benign airway strictures (bronchoplasty)", section on
'Complications' and "Bronchoscopic argon plasma coagulation in the
management of airway disease in adults", section on
'Complications' and "Bronchoscopic laser in the management of airway disease
in adults", section on 'Complications'.)
Specific contraindications