Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
LIQUIDITY
The need for immediate cash conversion without the risk of principal loss
Sample Cases:
– Retirees with no other source of funds
• High liquidity needs to fund personal expenses
– Retirees with substantial diversified investments elsewhere
• Low liquidity needs assuming that the other investments are liquid
– Young single executive with high earning power
• Low liquidity requirements because of alternative cash source
– Young married entrepreneur fully invested in a high growth business
• High liquidity requirement because there may not be a steady source of
cash
BOND
“A debt instrument in which an investor loans money to an entity (corporate or government)
that borrows the funds for a defined period of time at a fixed interest rate.”
• Certificate of indebtedness of a sovereign or a corporation to the public
• A promised rate is given upon launching of product
• Sold to either individuals or corporations
• Bought based on price (can be at par, at a premium or at a discount)
• Coupon payment is fixed either quarterly, semi annual or annual
• On maturity date, bond holder will receive last interest and face value
• Denomination can either be Peso or Dollar
Characteristics of Bonds
• Face value/ par value - The amount of money a holder will get back
once a bond matures.
• Coupon - rate of interest which the investor receives for holding onto the bond. (Fixed,
Floating or Non Coupon Bearing)
• Price - bonds can be bought by an investor at a price determined in a business day
• Maturity - fixed date on which the issuer promises to buy back or pay back the bond
holders their principal plus last interest payment
• Issuer - can either be a sovereign (government issued) or a corporation wanting to
borrow money from the public to finance projects or business ventures that they may
have.
Eurobonds
• A bond issued in a currency other than the currency of the country or market in which
it is issued.
• e.g.
– Philippine Corporate Issues outside the Philippines (USA) that is USD
Denominated
– An Australian Corporate Issues a bond in Japan that is USD denominated
• Eurobonds are attractive financing tools as they give issuers the flexibility to choose the
country in which to offer their bond according to the country's regulatory constraints.
They may also denominate their eurobond in their preferred currency. Eurobonds are
attractive to investors as they have small par values and high liquidity.
• As an Investment outlet to a Trust Account
– Does it fit the investment objective of the client?
– Investor should understand ALL the risks involved in investing in a particular bond
CALL OPTION
Issuer may recall (pre-terminate) the bond on said date, at an agreed price
PUT OPTION
Bond-Holder may put the sell back to the issuer on said date, at an agreed price
Time Deposit
-issued by banks
-doesn’t have a price
-short term in nature
-interest rate repriced on maturity
-can be pre-terminated when investor needs funds
-subject to applicable witholding taxes
-PDIC coverage up to P500,000
Bonds
-issued by either a sovereign or corporation
-bears a price
-long term in nature
-usually has fixed coupon until maturity
-sold to the market when investor needs funds
-no PDIC
Trust
Marketing – get funds
Trading - Management of funds
Operations – recording
Trader – speculative
Fundamental – looks at company’s growth
Factors to consider
Clients
1 risk profile (client suitability assessment form)
2 time horizon
3 exposure to financial instruements
4 liquidity
5 percentage in investible asset
Yield/return
Fight off prevailing
- Inflation of a country
- WH tax
- Lower buying power
Letter of instruction (LOI)
OPERATIONS
Reports/monitor payments
Trading – JET
First approval - TEK
2nd approval – OPS
IMA has own f/s, UITF per fund, only SOA for transactions in UITF
from branch through teller 360 – mktng assts – upload by mktg head then approve by ops