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1 DEUTSCHE NORM
J " LI. l I. L"'
June 1 9 q
I Testing concrete
Testing o f hardened concrete
I DIN
1048
(specimens prepared in mould) Part 5
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In keeping with current practice in standards published by the International Organization lor Standardization
(/SO), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker.
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This standard has been prepared by. Section VII Beton und Stahibeton IDeutscher AusschuQ liir Stahlbeton 01 the !
NormenausschuQBauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee). I
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Dimensions in mm I
Contents
Page Paga
1 Scope and fleld of appllcatlon .............. 1 5.3 Treatment after compaction .............. 3
2 Sampllng ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 Curlng of specimens ...................... 3
2.1 Suitability testing . :. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Quality testing and testing of hardened concrete 1 6.2 Compressive strength and static modulus of
2.3 Number of specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 i
6.3 Flexural strength and tensile splitting strength . 3
3 Shape and slze of specimens .............. 1 6.4 Water permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 I
3.2 Compressive strength ................... 2 7 Testlng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 !
3.3 Flexural strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7.1 Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -- 4
3.4 Tensile splitting strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7.2 Compressive strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 :
3.5 Static modulus of elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7.3 Flexural strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.6 Water permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7.4 Tensile splitting strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7.4.1 Cylindrical specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 :
4 Apparatus ............................ 2 7.4.2 Prismatic and cubic specimens . . . . . . . . . . . 5 :
4.1 Moulds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7.5 Static modulus of elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2 Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7.6 Water permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.3 Test equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7.7 Moisture content. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1 Scope and field of application The type of mixer used, mixing time. ambient tempera-
ture and temperature shall be recorded.
This standard specifies methods'of testingthe corn-
pressive strength, flexural strength, tensile splitting 2,2 Quality testing and testing of hardened
strength. static modulus of elasticity, water permabil- concrete')
ity and moisture content of hardened concrete as de-
fined in subclause 2.1 of DIN 1045, july 1988 edition, For quality testing and testing of hardened concrete, t
and in DIN 4232. sampling and specimen preparation are generally car- j
ried out on site, the samples being taken from the con- j
The assessment of test results and !he requirements to intended to be used for a structural
be met by concrete are covered in DIN 1045.
member.
2.3 Number of specimens
2 Sampling Unless otherwise specified in :he relevant standards
2.1 Suitability testing') (e.g. DIN 1045) or specifications. three specimens shall
For suitability testing, the specimens shall be prepared be prepared for each test.
using a mould and taking into account the property.sf
concrete to be determined. 3 Shape a n d size of specimens
i/
The concrete shall be mixed from the materials in- 3.1 General
tended for use in the actual structure. Their origin
and the concrete composition shall be recorded. 'The mininium specimen dimensions shall be at least
Once all the constituent materials have been added, the.' equal to four times the maximum aggregate particle SlZe.
concrete shall be mixed in a DIN459 mixer. ') Cf. subclause 7.4 of DIN 1045 for definition.
!
a
l
Continued on pages 2 to 8 1
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I
.
.I&,
A
." -
The following accessories shall be used for preparLng- '. .Cf. Explanatory nptes, last paragrapn.
the specimens. .: .;B' .*):~f'pr~ient at +!&e.ofbiaft.
. - -.....--.--, ._...._.".__.__I..___
-.' . -.", i-I
.
0
'"
0
- 7cQ -
figure 3. Loading arrangement for 150mm x 150mm
x 700 mm long beam (two-point loading) 10 rnrn wide
Figure 4. Arrangement of loading of cylindrical speci-
mately 280Nls for a 150mm x 150mm x 700mm beam mens for determining the tensile splitting
and of approximately 500 Nls for a 200 mm x 200 mm x strength
900 mm beam3).
The flexural strength. Pez, in Nlmm2, shall be calcu- 7.4.2 prlsrnatlc and cublc speclrnens
lated from the following equation:
Prismatic and cubic specimens (e.g. pieces remaining
F.1 from flexure testing, cubes, etc.) shall be placed in the
Pez = (4) testing machine, with packing strips (cf. subclause
7.4.1) positioned along the top and bottom of the plane
where of loading of the specimen. The load shall be applied
F is the breaking load, including the self-weight of the as a line load on the moulded faces in such a way that
loading rollers (if relevant), in N; the fracture plane will cross the trowelled surface
1 is the span between the supporting rollers, in mm; (cf.figure 5).
b is the beam width at the point of failure, in mm: The load shall act along the entire width o f t h e spec-
h is the beam height at the point of failure, in mm. imen. The packing strips shall be located on the
moulded faces so that the upper strip is directly over
band be measured to an accuracy Of mm and the lower strip, their distance from the specimen end
Pez be given to the nearest 0.1 Nlmm2 for valuesof being at least equal to half the specimen height.
N1mm2 Or more' and to the nearest 0'01 N1mm2 lor
The load shall be applied steadily so as to increase the
values below 1 Nlmm2.
+
stress at a rate of 10.05 0.02) Nlmm2 per second. this
7.4 Tenslle spllltlng strength being equivalent to a rate of loading of approximately
1750Nls for a 150 mm square beam. The tensile split-
7.4.1 Cyllndrlcal speclrnens ting strength, &, in Nlmm2, shall be calculated from
A concrete cylinder shall be placed centrally between the following equation:
the platens of a testing machine of the type used for
compression testing.
Packing strips. 10 mm wide and 5mm thick, preferably
made of plywood. with a density of 850 kglmJ. as speci-
where
fied in DIN68750, or of F 5 or H 1 compacted felt com-
plying with DIN61 200 shall be placed between 4he F is the maximum load, in N;
platens and the cylinder (cf. figure 4). b is the width of the specimen (as shown in figure 5), in
Loading shall not be started until platens, packing mm;
strips and specimen are in full contact with each h is the height of the specimen (as shown in figure 5).
other. The load shall be applied so as to increase the in mm.
+
stress at a rate of (0.05 0.02) Nlmm2 per second. b and h shall be measured to an accuracy of 1 mm
this being equivalent to a rate of lpading of approxi- and Psz given to the nearest 0.1 ~ l m m for ~values of
mately 3500Nls for cylindrical sp%cimens 150mm in 1 Nlmm2 or more. and to the nearest 0.01 Nlmm2 for
diameter and 300 mm in length. values below 1 Nlrnm2.
The tensile splitting strength, Psz. in Nlmm2, shall be
calculated from the following equation: 7.5 Slatlc modulus of elasticity
. The static moduius of elasticity in compression is the
: secant modulus calculated as the ratio of a given
where stress to the corresponding strain (normally deter-
mined for specimens at an age of 28 days).
F is the maximum load, in N;
u n l e s s oth'emise specified, the upper loading Stress.
d is the specimen diameter, in mm; .. . shall be approximately one-third of the Cam-
u
1 is the specimen length, in mm. pressive srrength, 0, of the specimen, determinsd
d and Ishall be measured to an accuracy of 1 mm as the mean from three companion specimens, from
and PSz given to the nearest 0.1 N:mm2 for values of the same batch as those to be used for deter-
1 N/rnm2 or more, and to the nearest 0.01 Nlmm2 for mining the static modulus of elasticity, and made and
values below 1 Nlmm2. cured under similar conditions. Where the modulus of
Original finished
surface
in s
In the above diagram.
A i s the point of reading the basic stress, o. (and cor-
5mm thick. responding strain. E.. and gauge length I.. respec-
tively), prior to the third loading cycle;
10 mm wide
B is the point of reading the upper stress, o, (and cor-
Figures. Arrangement of loading of prismatic and cu-
responding strain. t o .and gauge length. I,, respec-
bic specimens for determining the tensile tively), during the third loading cycle;
splitting strength
t is the time of loading and unloading resulting from
the rate of loading and unloading.
elasticily is to be determined at a specific stress (e.g. at Figure 6. Stress-time diagram for determining the
a stress equal to 4,12.1 (cf. DIN 1045)). this stress shall modulus of elasticily
be used as upper loading stress.
The specimen surfaces subjected to compression shall pressure. It shall normally be carried out when the
be plane and smooth (cf. subclause 7.2). The length 'age of the concrete is 28 to 35 days.
measuring instruments shall be attached on opposite
A concrete specimen shall be exposed either from
sides of the specimen and parallel to its axis in such
a way that the gauge points are symmetrical about above or below to a water pressure of 0.5Nlmm2 act-
ing normal lo the mould-filling direction, for a period
the middle of the specimen and are not nearer to either
end of the specimen than a distance equal to half its of three days. This pressure shall be kept constant
throughout the test. If water penetrates through to the
diameter for cylindrical and equal to the larger side
length of the end face for prismatic specimens. underside of the specimen, the test may be terminated
and the specimen rejected as failed.
The specimen shall be placed centrally in the testing
It shall be checked whether and when the unexposed
machine and the upper platen aligned so that it is in
full contact with the specimen. specimen faces show signs of water permeation. Im-
mediately after the pressure has been released, the
The specimen shall be subjected to a basic stress of specimen shall be removed and split down the centre.
approximately 0,SNlmm2 (0.) and the actual stress with the face which was exposed to water facing
calculated on the basis of the cross-sectional area at down. When the split faces show signs of drying (after
mid-height of the specimen. about S to 10 minutes), the maximum depth 01 penetra-
Loading and unloading shall be carried out at a rate of tion in the direction of slab thickness. shall be mea-
(0.5 i 0.2) Nlmm2 per second. in accordance with the sured, in mm, and the extent of water permeation
loading diagram shown in figure 6. established.
After all elasticity measurements have been com- The mean of the maximum depth 01 penetration ob-
pleted, the specimen shall be loaded at the specified tained from three specimens thus tested shall be taken
rate until failure (cf. subclause 7.2). If the compressive as the test result.
strength of the specimen differs from the mean value by.
more than 20%. this shall be stated in the test report. 7.7 Moisture content
The static modulus of elasticity in compression. Eb,in For determining the moisture content, broken pieces of
Nlmm2, shall be calculated from the following equation: specimens that have been tested in accordance with
subclauses 7.2 to 7.5 shall be weighed immediately
after testing and then dried to Constant mass at a tem-
perature of 105'C. Constant mass shall be deemed
where reached when the mass determined by weighing after
24 hours does not change by more than 1%. The mois-
o, is the upper stress during third loading cycle, in NI
turecontent shall be calculated as the ratio of the differ-
mm2;
ence in mass to the mass of the dried specimen. as a
o. is the basic stress prior to third loading cycle, in NI percentage, using the following equation: ..
mm2:
E, is the mean strain under the upper loading stress at
..
. . k=-
md
.lo0 (8)
point B (cf. figure 6);
E. is the mean strain under the basic loading stress at where
point A (cf. figure 6). m, is the specimen mass before drying, in g:
The modulus of elasticity shall be given to the nearest -'ind is the specimen mass after drying. i n g.
100 i.llmm2.
Standards referred to
DIN 459 Concrete mixers: concepts, sizes and requirements ~
Previous edltions
DIN 1048: 09.25. 04.32. 10.37. 43x; DIN 1048 Part 3: 01.75; DIN 1048 Part 1: 01.72, 12.78.
Amendments
In comparison with the December 1978 edition of DIN 1048 Part 1. specifications for hardened concrete are now given
in this Part of DIN 1048 (testing of fresh concrete beihg covered in Part 1).
Explanatory notes
1 In the flexure test (which is based on IS0 4013: 1978). the direction of loading has been specified as running normal to
the mould-filling direction. Since the strength of the beam is normally at its greatest in the zone which is at the bottom
during filling of the mould, the values obtained when using this arrangement may be somewhat lower than normal.
but are nonetheless on the safe side. On the other hand, the test has been made simpler to perform since mortar Or
IC rubber strips are no longer required in connection with the loading arrangement.
The number of loading cycles for determining the modulus of elasticity has been reduced to three, since experience
has shown that the modulus does not change significantly after the third cycle. The water permeability test has been
simplified by specifying a constant wate! pressure of O q 5 ~ / m macting
2 for three days instead of varying water pres-
sures (0.1.0,3 and 0.7 ~ l m mfor
~ )a totalmf four da.15. Interlaboratory tests have shown both methods to be equivalent.
The Verband der Maferialpriilungsamfer (Association of Materials Testing Institutes) keeps a list of testing Centres
accredited for verilying materials testhg machines in compliance with DIN 51 300 (cf. subclause 4.3).
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International Patent Classification