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PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Instruction in the development and care of the body ranging from simple calisthenics exercises to a
course of study providing training in hygiene, gymnastics and the performance and management of
athletic games.
How it began
The brief history of physical education would start in just about 1820 when schools focused on
gymnastics, hygiene training and care and development of the human body. By the year 1950, over
400 institutes had introduced majors in physical education.
The Young Men's Christian Association launched its very first chapter in 1851 and focused on physical
activities. Colleges were encouraged to focus on intramural sports particularly track, field and football.
But physical education became a formal requirement following the civil war when many states opted to
pass laws that required schools to incorporate a substantial physical education component into their
curriculums. But it was not till 1970 that an amendment was made to the Federal Education Act that
allowed women from high school and college to compete in athletic competitions. Sex-based
discrimination was completely outlawed from government funded programs at this point.
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PHYSICAL EDUCATION TERMS B
Balance
A The ability of the body to maintain or regain
stability.
Abdominal Muscles
A large group of muscles in the front of the Bench Press
abdomen. Lay on bench, flat on back. Press from chest to
full extension.
Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity over time (where Bicep Muscle
velocity is the rate of change of position with The large muscle in the front part of the upper
respect to direction). arm.
Accountability Block
The state of being accountable, liable, or answ interference (or running interference) involves
erable. legal movements in which one player gets in
another player's way with their body.
Achieve
to bring to a successful end; carry through; acc Body Composition
omplish The relative proportions of fat and lean (non-fat)
body mass.
ACE
A serve that results directly in a point, usually Body Mass Index (BMI)
when the ball hits the floor untouched on the A formula that determines a healthy body
receiving team's side of the court. weight based on height.
Aerobic Activity C
Steady activity in which the heart can supply all
the oxygen the muscles need. "With Oxygen" Cardiovascular Endurance
The heart, lungs, and blood vessels work
Aerobic Endurance together as a team to allow one to stay active
The body's ability to take in and use oxygen so and exercise for a long period of time.
the muscles can keep working. The most
important element of fitness. Cardiovascular Fitness
Ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to
Agility function efficiently when a person exercises the
The ability to change the position of your body body.
and/or its parts quickly and accurately.
Circuit Training
Anaerobic Activity Training that uses a circuit of exercises around
"Without oxygen." Activities for which the body a number of different work stations.
can't supply enough oxygen to keep going for
long Commitment
periods of time. commiting, pledging, enganging, or involving
onself in an activity
Assessment of physical activities
A process of judging/grading a person level in
relation to a set of criteria or activities.
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Communicate interrupts a dribble by holding the ball briefly in
Speaking clearly, nonverbal cues, written one or both hands
words, and listening skills directed at another
person or team. E
Contribute Endurance
To be an important factor in, to help a cause Stamina the ability to keep going for long
periods. Includes cardiovascular-respiratory
Cool-down (heart-breathing) endurance, and muscular
A cool-down brings the mind and the body endurance.
back to a relaxed state. Helps to reduce the
risk of injury. End Zone (Football)
the rectangular area at each end of the field
Cooperation into which the ball must be carried or passed
To work together and caught to score a touchdown.
Coordination Equipment
The ability to control, and put together The necessary items for a particular purpose,
(integrate) movements made by different parts activity, or sport
of the body.
Evaluate
Core Lifts to assess one during testing
The 5 ground base lifts most commonly used:
bench press, parallel squat, power clean,
incline Exercise
bench, and front squat. Involves exertion of the body. It is important in
maintaining general health, and includes
Cramp cardiovascular-respiratory (heart-breathing)
A sudden, uncontrollable, painful contraction of endurance, muscular endurance, strength,
a muscle or a group of muscles, that may last mobility and flexibility, and body composition.
for only seconds, or for hours at a lower (See also Physical fitness).
intensity. Treated by stretching and massage.
Extend
D To straighten a joint.
Defense F
The team trying to prevent the other team from
scoring. Fatigue
Extreme tiredness, typically resulting from
Deltoid Muscle mental or physical exertion.
Muscle of the shoulder by which the arm is
raised. Fine Motor Skills
Involve movements using small groups of
Demonstrate muscles in delicate actions, eg. wrist action in
To show how, or exhibit table tennis.
Form Hygiene
Placement of body parts during exercise. Promoting health or cleanliness; sanitary
Foul I
A major infraction of the rule; may include a
penalty against the player and/or team. Isometric Muscle Action
Occurs when a muscle starts to contract and
Free Throw shorten, but is then stopped by an immovable
an unblocked attempt at a basket (worth one resistance
point) awarded to a player following a foul or
other infringement. Isotonic Muscle Action
Normal muscle action, when the muscle
Free Weight shortens as it produces movement, eg. a
A weight used in weightlifting that is not biceps curl.
attached to an apparatus
Incline Bench
Frequency Lay on a bench raised at 45 degrees, press bar
How often you do a particular activity. from chest to full extension.
M Pectoral Muscle
The large muscle of the chest.
Man to Man Defense
a type of tactic in which each player is Penalty
assigned to defend and follow the movements disadvantage given one of the competitors or o
of a single player on offense. n one side for breaking the rules of a game
or sport.
Motivate
Encourage (someone's) interest in or Physical
enthusiasm for doing something. Of or relating to the body
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Q
Set (Weight Training)
Quadricep Muscle A group of repetitions for an exercise.
The muscle on the front of the thigh.
Set (Volleyball)
R To place a ball in the air with two hands to
prepare for a hit.
Range of Motion
The amount of movement one can make in a Skills
joint. A capacity to perform a specific task that
involves the use of muscles and nerves
Reaction Time together with
How quickly you respond to something. the brain.
Rebound Speed
(in sporting contexts) a ball or shot that The ability to perform a movement or cover a
bounces back after striking a hard surface. distance in a short period of time.
Relaxation Spike
A process of reducing tension, rigidity, anxiety, Also hit or attack. A ball contacted with force by
and intensity. Specific techniques can be a player on the offensive team who intends to
developed terminate the ball on the opponent's floor or off
eg. Progressive Muscular Relaxation, the Quiet the opponent's blocker.
Place, Centring.
Sport
Repetitions (Weight training) This term is used in many different ways. It
The number of consecutive times one does an could be described as 'a type of physical
exercise. activity which you choose to compete in fairly,
and try to win.' There have been many
Resistance attempts to divide sport into different groups.
Opposition to a force or a movement.
Sportsmanship
Responsibility Playing within the rules with a good attitude
The ability to act or decide on one's own, witho and with respect to others.
ut supervision.
Stability (of the body)
Response Time This involves the equilibrium or balance of the
The time it takes to respond to some stimulus, body on a base, it is increased if: the area of
eg. the actions of people. the base is wider or larger; the centre of gravity
is lowered; the centre of gravity is brought
Resting Heart Rate nearer to the centre of the base.
The number of heart beats during a period of
inactivity. Steal (Basketball)
a steal occurs when a defensive player legally
Routine causes a turnover by his positive, aggressive
Performing movements in the same way time action(s). This can be done by deflecting and
after time. A technique used to enhance skill controlling, or by catching the opponent's pass
performance. or dribble of an offensive player.
S
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Strength
The amount of force that is produced by Training (physical)
muscles contracting. Includes static or A process which is designed to improve
isometric strength, where effort is made against physical capacity, fitness, skill, etc.
an immovable resistance; and dynamic or
isotonic strength where effort moves a Tricep Muscles
resistance. Muscles located on the back of the upper arm.
Stretching Type
Exercise to improve flexibility. This can be What kind of exercise.
passive, eg. limb being pushed to the limit of
movement by a partner; active, eg. moving and V
holding your own stretch position; and ballistic,
eg. swinging arms and/or legs. Variation (of training)
Training should be varied to prevent boredom
Sustain occurring and injuries developing. Variation
To support something or keep it going. should
always be safe
Syllabus
An outline of a course of study. Volley
To return a ball before it hits the ground.
T .
Voluntary Muscle
Target (Noun) Muscle that can be controlled by your
A place selected as the aim of a throw, shot, or conscious decisions
strike of an object.
W
Teamwork
The process of working together with a group Warm-up
of people or team in order to achieve a goal. A warm-up should involve a gradual increase in
the heart rate and breathing rate, a slight rise in
Technique(s) body temperature, and prepare the mind and
The basic patterns of movement which have to the body for activity. Helps to reduce the risk of
be developed in every activity to create injury.
technical skill.
Work Out
Time The part of the physical activity program during
How long you do the activity. which a person does activities to improve
fitness.
Touchdown
a six-point score made by carrying or passing
the ball into the end zone of the opposing side Weight Training
The lifting of weights to build strength. Also
called resistance training.
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Foundations of Physical Education
1. Historical Foundations
2. Motor Behavior
3. Biomechanical Foundations
4. Exercise Physiology and Fitness
5. Sociological Foundations
6. Sport and Exercise Psychology
7. Physical Education Pedagogy
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Basketball Court Tennis court
Soccer field
Track and field
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Proper Etiquette and Safety in the Use of Facilities
and Equipments
1. Take care in using facilities and equipment.
In consideration of the school's effort and of other students who will benefit from using the
facilities and equipments, it is in good form to handle them with care and use them solely on
their purpose.
This is to prevent having them misplaced, stolen or become unnecessary clutters in the
training area than can cause accidents.
9. Move on the double; do not loiter around the venue or hang on the
equipment doing nothing.
Do not handle it until such time the teacher gives instructions on how to operate the said
equipment. You could break the equipment or cause harm to yourself or others.
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