SPE/DOESoolatyOt

Petroloum Er@frsors
U.S. D*pmlmant
of E!wrgy

SPEIDOE 14953

A Progress Report on Polymer-Augmented Waterflooding in

Wyoming’s North Oregon Basin and Byron Fields
by T.G. Det+ekker, J.L. Bowzer, R.V. Coleman, and W.B. Bartos, Marathon Oi/ Co.
SPE Members

Copyright 1986, Society of Petroleum Engineers

This paper waa prepared for presentational the SPE/DOE Fifth Sympesium on Enhanced Oil Recovery of lhe Society of Pelroleum Engineers and the
Department of Energy held in Tulsa, OK, April 20-23, 19S6.

This paper was selected for preatmtafion by an SPE Program Committee following review of information contained in an abslract aubmilled by the
author(s). Contents of the paper, aa presented, have no! been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction by the
author(s). The material, as presented, doea not necessarily reflect any position of the Society of Pelroleum Engineers, ils officers, or members. Papera
presented at SPE meetings ere subject to publication review by Editorial Committees of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. Permission to copy la
restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied, The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where
and by whom the paper is presented. Write Publications Manager, SPE, P.O. Box 633636, Richardson, TX 75083-3836. Telex, 7309S9, SPEDAL.

ABSTRACT Secondary waterflood operations in both

fields were successful in maintaining pressure,
Marathon Oi1 Company has implemerited two allowing infill development, and increasing
1arge ful1-field polymer augmented waterf 1ood overall recovery from the reservoirs. However,
(PAW) projects in Wyoming’s mature Rig Horn Basin it was evident that heterogeneities and high
oil producing area. These projects are well mobility ratios allowed large amounts of oil to
under way and are designed to improve the be bypassed, some of which could be recovered
waterflood sweep efficiency in the Embar and with the use of polymer. Mar~thon proprietary
Tenslcep Reservoirs of the Byron and North Oregon polymer manufacturing technology was ready to be
Basin Fields. The observed production response utilized in large scale operations such as in the
of the two projects has resulted in the expansion Rig Horn Basin Fields. As improvements to this
of the PAW pro.iects to crther Rig Horn Basin technolog.v develop, they are” implemented in the
fields where further significant contributions to existing pro.iectsto optimize recovery.
increased incremental tertiary production and
reserves are expected.
RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS
This paper discusses historical secondary’
and recent tertiary production performance alonq The Embar Formation in the Rig Horn Basin is
with operations of the injection, proriuction,and characterized by layers of fossiliferous
treating systems since commencing PAW operations. limestone, sand.v limestone, dolomitic limestone,
Al SO , laboratory work, field testing, PAW and dolomite. The section also contains
implementation and certification are presented. anhydrite inclusions and scattered shale streaks.
The productive intervals are fairlY continuous
and composed of sucrosic, fine to medium
INTRODUCTION crystalline, porous do’omitic limestone interlain
with barren carbonates. Secondary porosity
Marathon Oil Company has been exploring for (pinpoint and vugular~ and vertical fracturing
and producing oil in Wyoming’s Rig Horn Basin are common throughout the section.
since the 1970’s. Marathon operates such giant
fields as Grass Creek, Byron and oregon Rasin. The Tensleep Formation consists of porous
sandstone lavers interbedded with dolomite anti
The WrII&#II)Phosphoric (locally referred to anh.ydrite zones. Pay zones within the Tensleep
as the and Pennsylvanian Tensleep consist of fine to very fine grain quartz sand
Reservoirs are generally operated under the same cemented primarily with dolomite. The upper half
participating area in the Big Horn Basin. This Of the formation consists mainlv of massive
allows single, dual or commingled completions and sandstones; the lower half exhibits considerable
treating through common prodtiction systems. interbedding of dolomitic and anhydritic zones
However, planning and development of these within the sandstone. The top of the formation
reservoirs are influenced greatly by the is an erosional unconformit.v.
individual characteristics of each formation.
A GammaRa.v/llensity/NeutronporositY 109 over
the Embar and the Tensleep is shown in Figure 1..
References and figures at end of paper.

3
 .

POIYMFR . . . . . . . . WATERFLOODING IN WYOMING’S NORTH OREGON BASIN & BYRON FIELDS

. =-...-... AUGMENTED SPE 14953

Reservolr properties for each interval are augmented water. The polymer solution was
tabulated in Figure 2. displaced by water until the effluent aqain
reached 99% WC. Incremental oil recovery was
defined by the difference in oil saturation
HISTORY following the two periods of water injection.
Typical oil recovery and oil cut curves versus
!J!K!!l pore volumes of fluid injected are illustrated in
Figure 5.
Embar-Tensleep oil was discovered in Byron
in 1930, and by 1946, the field was developed on In Byron, eleven Tensleep disk floods were
40-acre spacing. The Embar-Tensleep Unit was performed usinq Marathon partiall.v hydrol.vzed
formed in April 1973. Tensleep water injection polyacrYlamide ~PHPA or polymer) designated as
and concurrent 20-acre development commenced in PHPA-5. ilisk floods, using polymer diluted in
1974. Tertiary recovery operations started in field injection water at concentrations of
December, 198?, with the implementation of ?50 ppm to 1500 ppm, resulted in incremental
field-wide polymer augmented waterflooding. tertiary recoveries shown in Figure 6. A polymer
concentration of 1000 ppm was chosen for the
The Tensleep Sand (Figure 3) accounts for 13yronflood.
approximately !39% of the Byron Field’s present
production. The remaining 1% is produced from 13 Disk floods using North Oregon Basin core
wells also completed in the Embar Formation. material demonstrated the viability of polymer
Cumulative production from these two formations auamented waterflooding in the Embar and Tensleep
as of6 ~tober 1, 1Q85, totals 104 MMSTWl reservoirs using a 1000 p~m polymer solution.
(16.5x1O M 1. Results of these disk floods are shown in
Fiqure 7.
Oreqon Rasin
Injectivity Testing_
Oil was discovered in the Emhar formation of
the northern anticlinal dome of the Oregon Basin Polymer injectivity field tests were
Field in 1929. At unitization in 1947, the North conducted in the Ryron Tensleep and North Oregon
Embar-Tensleep Participating Area (NETPA), Basin Embar and Tensleep Formations. These tests
Figure 4, was formed as part of the Oregon Rasin were of relatively short duration and showed that
Unit. Pressure maintenance operations comnenced 1000 ppm polymer could be in.+ected without face
in 1960 with peripheral water injection. The plugging. The reduction in injectivity,
peripheral waterflood allowed 40-acre infill associated with injecting a hiqher viscosity
development during the lq60’s and ?O-acre infill fluid, aqreed with model predictions. These
drilling throughout the lq7~’s. A continuous tests confirmed behavior observed in the
pattern waterflood was initiated in 1980. core-di k floods during the polymer flooding
f
Tertiary operations began with full-field polymer process .
auamented waterflooding in November, 1983.
Cumulative oil productifn~s of October 1, 1985, Theoretical Reserves
is 52.6 MMSTBO (8.4x106 M3) from the Embar and
10FJ.O MMST80 (17.?x1O M ) from the Tensleep. Following the encouraging results of the
disk floods and injectivity tests, it was
necessary to determine total field reserves for
DESIGN economic .iustification. To accomplish this, disk
flood results were extrapolated to the field
Polymer had been screened for use in the Riq using a scale factor to account for field pattern
Horn Basin in studies done throughout the 1970’s. geometry versus core qeometry. The scale fac$or,
Incentives to pursue polymer augmented 59%, was determined usinq computer simulation to
waterflooding as an enhanced oil recovery method correct for the different geometries. For field
were provided byl the development of a simulation, and in actual practice, a tapered
non-plugging polymer , the rapid increase in oil sequence of 10% P.V., each, of 660 ppm, and
price in the late 1970’s, and by EOR provisions 330 ppm PHPA-5 was programmed to provide mohilit.y
in the tax regulations. Implementation of the control be$ween the polymer solution and the
PAW process required extensive laboratory and drive water .
field testing. This testing consisted of core
flooding and field injection tests to determine a Vo~um~tric reserves of 4,~f/13,(JO0
STRO
basis for calculating project reserves and (677x1O M ) were determined for Ryron, using
economic viability. 4.6% P.V. Tensleep recovery and 6.5% P.V. Embar
recovery. ?n North nregon 8asin, fo~metric
Core Flooding reserves of 10,436,000 STBO (1,659xI0 M 1 were
calculated using 3.6% P.V. Tensleep recovery and
Radial core-disk flooding~ with 5+” diameter 6.0% P.V. Embar recovery.
native-state core material was used to determine
the oil recovery efficiency of the PAW process. Project Optimization
Core material was resaturated with reservoir
crude oil prior to experimental flooding. The Efforts are being made to improve the
radial core was waterflooded to an effluent water performance and efficiency of the PAW process as
cut (WC) of approximately 9Q%. Waterflooding was the technology develops. J.n North Oregon Rasin,
followed by 50% pore volume (P.V.~ of polymer additional core flooding, utilizing a new polymer

!2QA
 .

.,,
<IJF
h
lflQR2
-–,-””
T.G. DeHekker. J.L. Emwzer. R.V. Coleman. W.B. Bartos
.—. ----- ..— .–—. — —-
2
“

designated as PHPA-11 , shcrwed encouraging (3,700,000 kgl per year 0+ polYmer. At the
results. Core flooding evaluated the effect of plant, polymer is diluted to 1000 ppm from its
various polymer concentrations and injected pore manufactured concentration of 64% f62,50fl”ppm\
volumes on incremental oil recovery. Results of and distributed to each injection well through
this work are shown in Figures 8 and 9 for the low pressure lines (170 psi, 1,170 kPa). These
Embar and Tensleep formations, respectivel.v. In lines previously supplied in.iection water from
the Embar, recovery increased with concentrations the central water treatment plant to each
up to 500 ppm, beyond which no further increase in.iection well. Quintuple pumps at each well
in recovery was realized. A 500 ppm PHPA-11 in.iect the 1000 ppm polvmer solution at the
solution recovered equivalent amounts of tertiary desired rate. ln+ection rates are regulai:d by
Oi1 as 1000 ppm PHPA-5. in the Tensleep re-sheaving andlor re-sizing plungers in the
formation, incremental oil recovery using PHPA-I.1 injection pumps.
is clearly superior over that usinq PHpA-5.
Based on these results, pol.vmer type and concen- The North Oregon Basin system is shown in
tration were changed from 1000 ppm PHPA-5 to Figure 11. A central plant with a desiqr
500 ppm PHPA-11. capacity of 23,000,000 pounds (10,400,000 kql per
year of pol,ymer was constructed. At the plant,
Modeling was also employed to evaluate the polvmer is diluted to 1.25% (12,500 ppm) from its
effects of various concentrations and injected manufactured concentration of 8% and piped to
pore volumes on oil recovery. Figure !3shows the seven polymer dilution satellites located
relationship of disk flood results using n.5 P.V throughout the field. At the satellites, the
and 0.3 P.V. of polymer solution in the Tensleep. polymer is further diluted with field in.iection
Figure 10 illustrates the results of a reservoir water to the appropriate concentration for each
simulation studying the effects of different in.iectionwell with essentially no degradation.
polymer pore volumes. Overall, incremental oil
recovery with 30% P.V. polymer was approximately Oregon Basin’s distribution system allows
88% of that recovered by 50% P.V. of polymer. well concentrations to be ad.iusted individually
The small differences in incremental recovery did and each pattern controlled separately. In
not justify the use of larger pore volumes of Ryron, additional injection lines and dilution
polymer and higher associated chemical and facilities must he installed to handle tapered
operating costs. polymer injection into a few wells that have
in.iected their requisite 0.5 P.V. of 1000 ppm
As a result of these core floods and polymer. The majority of the wells in R.yronwill
modeling, the North Oregon Basin polymer flood be tapered simultaneously.
program was modified to consist of 0.3 P.V. of
500 ppm PHPA-11 polymer, followed by 0.1 P.V., Tn both +ields, -the polymer manufacturing,
each, of 330 and 165 ppm PHPA-11 polymer. Pro- dilution, and distribution network was designed
jetted recovery from the revised proqram to maintain polvmer intearity from the plant to
indicated the injection wellhead. Exposure of pol.vmer to
10558000 ~~~F~~t~’B9$r$:ry , an reserves
increase of
of metal surfaces and areas of high flux were kept
1X?!;O06STFUI (19xl’O M I over the original to a minimum. Where practical, surfaces in
program. The increase was due to the superior contact with the polymer, such as tanks or
performance of PHPA-11 in the Tensleep reservoir, distribution lines, were constructed of plastic
partially offset, b.y the reduced pore volume materials. Also, positive displacement pumps
injected, were used to inject the polymer, rather than cen-
trifugal-type pumps.
Certification
Furthermore, polymer shear degradation was
The laboratory and field results, along with minimized at each polymer injection well by
necessary documentation required by Section implementing a comprehensive workover program.
4993(c2\ of the Tnternal Reven#:5,~ode, were The program consisted of perforating the
presented in E~gineering Reports submitted in,iection interval with four shots per foot and
the Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation performing a short, wide fracture at the
~~mmission and the United States 13ureau of Land wellbore. These treatments were designed to
Management for certification of the PAW’s as minimize shear degrading the polymer as it passed
qualified tertiary recovery projects. The from the wellbore into the formation.
reports detailed the scientific and engineering
work behind the PAW pro.iectsand modifications to
those projects in order to receive and maintain PERFORMANCE
the required jurisdictional agencies’
certifications. Production Response

Polymer augmented waterflooding in B,yronand

IMPLEMENTATION No;’th Oregon Basin Embar-Tensleep reservoirs has
significantly improved oil recover.v in both
Polymer Manufacture and Distribution fields, as demonstrated by total field production
and water-oil ratio (WOR). Tmproved performance
In Rvron, a plant was built near the field’s is due to a combination of polymer augmented
water treatment facility. This plant utilizes waterflooding, recompletion, conversions to
Marathon’s proprietary technology and has a in,iection,and infill drilling. Current analysis
iiesign capacity of 8,200,000 pounds of both fields’ performance indicates that the

Qac

4 POLYMER AUGMENTED WATERFLOODING IN WYOMINf
polymer floods are expected to develop .coybined
increment~l ~ertiary reserves of 1?,721,000 STBO
(2,OZ?X1O M ).
Byron’s total field production is shown in
Figure 12, which illustrates the increase in oil
production and change in the WOR trend following
0.37 PV of polymer injection (December 1, 19851.
Development activities since the start of the
polymer project make it difficult to mal.we
polymer response on a full-field scale. Current
decline curve and WOR trend analyses indicate
that i-$cr~mental reserves of ?,163,000 STFKl
(344x1O M ~ have been developed W tertiary PAW
operations. Analysis of individual well decline
curves reveals 12 wells with peak production
increases totalling 930 BOPD ~148 M /d\, which is
attri~uted to polymer. An estimated 500 fK)P1’1
(80 M Id) of response can be associated with new
wells, conversions to injections, and recoin
pletions. Some polymer response may be included
in this amount. Current reserve estimates are
lower than originall,~forecast. Reasons for this
difference will be discussed later.
North Oregon Rasin’s oil rate and WOR trends
are shown in Figure 13. As of December 1, 1985,
total polymer in.iection was O.?~ PV, and oil
production was 5,200 BOPD (8?7 M/d\ o~r base
decline. Of this, 2,550 ROPD ~4115M ld~ is
pol.yme$ response. The remaining 2,650 BOPD
(421 M/d) is incremental production associated
with 10-acre development wells and increased pump
sizes. Again, some polymer response ma.v be
includ$cl in this additional 2,650 ROPD
(471 M/d). Total incremental tertiary reserves
are indeterminate at this time because polwner
response is still increasing. It is estimated
that th= PAW project will develop the projected
10,558,000 STFKl
fis:fi:;cl ~3)tota’’in~
9 .
Figure 14 shows increased production from
selected wells experiencing response to3polymer
injection totalling 1,600 BOPD (254 M /d) of
tertiary oil production. The graph has been
included to clearly illustrate changes in oil
production and WOR trends associated with zones
in these wells determined to have been affected
only b.y PAW operations in North Oreqon 8asin. It
also suggests recovery of incremental reserves
from oil banking and diversion of fluids in the
reservoirs.
Reservoir Response
During the first part of 19!34, several
pressure transient tests were conducted on
injection wells in both fields. These tests
provided information on the nature of the
reservoirs and polymer performance. One test, in
13yron indicated that some areas of the reservoir
are highly fractured. Three tests conducted in
less fractured areas of the reservoirs indicate a
transmissibility (permeability x thickness/vis-
cosity) reduction of about 58% when compared with
pre-polymer transient tests. Tn North Oregon
Basin, two tests were conducted in both the Embar
and Tensleep formations after less than. six
months of polymer injection. These tests showed
a reduction in transmissibility averaging 6?%.
.
; NORTH OREGON BASIN & BYRON FIELDS SPE 14953
Reductions in transmissibility are in line with
expectations considering the short injection
period, viscosity of the polymer solution and
anticipated changes in fluid distribution in the
reservoir.
Polymer Breakthrough
In both fields, polymer breakthrough
occurred earl.v in the life of the flood and has
been increasing with time. Some polymer is beinq
cycled through high permeability channels or
natural fractures within the reservoirs. in
Byron, produced polymer concentrations range up
to 1,450 ppm (possible because plant polvmer is
diluted with produced water containing up to
570 ~pm polymerl.. Material balance calculations
show that.?5? of the polymer in Ryron, and 9% in
North Oregon Basin, has been cycled through
channels or fractures in the reservoirs. The
majoritv of the polvmer remains in the reservoir,
and is effectively displacing oil.
Polvmer breakthrough is responsible fOr an
increased incidence of rod parts and tubular
failure in both fields. In B.vron, rod parts
increased from ?4 in 1982 to 48 in 1983. In 1’384
and 1985 the totals decreased to 34 and ?0,
respectively. This same pattern occurred in
North Oregon Basin, where rod parts increased
from 42 per year (prior to implementation of the
PAW) to ?66 in 1984, and then decreased to ?44 in
1985. It is believed that the increased
incidence of rod parts is caused by entrained
solids carried into the wellbore, which
acce”[erate both wear and corrosion. It appears
as if polymer is removing fines from the
fractures. To control the rod parting problem,
chemical batch treatments have been initiated,
and rod guides installed in problem wells to
reduce abrasion be~.~;een the rod and tubing
strings. Mhere wells cannot be chemically
treated, spray metal coated rod strinqs have been
run. The maintenance, treatments Jnrl reduction
in produced solids are expected to continue the
trend of decreasing rod parts and tubing
failures.
Injection Pressure
in.iection pressures have been monitored
continually to determine the effects of injecting
the polymer solution on injection rates.
Although pressures have increased, it has been
possible to maintain the desired injection/with-
drawal ratio in both fields. Thus, desired
production levels have been maintained without
sacrificing reservoir pressures. Tn Byron, this
has meant iniecting at pressures greater than
formation partinq pressu~e in some in.iection
wells. Simulation studies showed that extension
of the hydraulic fracture would be limited to
less than one-half the distance between wells and
would have a negligible effect on oil recovery.
Performance Summary
klanv similarities exist between the
performance of 8yron and North Oregon Basin
+ollowing implementation of the PAM projects. Tn
both fields, oil rate and reserves have been
SPE 14953 T.G. DeHekker, J.L. Bowzer, F!.V.Coleman, W.B. Bartos 5

increased. Polymer breakthrough, increased rod MM - Million

parting, and increased in,iection pressures have Wc - Water Cut
been noted. Pv. - Pore Volume
PHPA - Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide
Some differences also exist. The tertiary Polymer - Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide
oil response has been ,are dramatic in North ppm - Parts per Million
Oregon Basin than in Byron. Tertiary oil psi - Pounds per Square Inch, kPa =
response has been lower in Byron because of the kiloPascal
more extensive natural fracture system and ROPD - Rarrels of Oil per Day, M3/d = cubic
resulting polymer cvcling. More emphasis has meters per da!
been placed on maintaining in,iection rates at WOR - Water-nil Ratio
B,vrono Polymer injection and production response
at North Oregon Basin has been more predictable
because of its relatively uniform reservoir ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
character.
The authors wish to express their
Mainly, the differences appear to be a appreciation to Marathon Oi1 Company for
result of the amount and degree of natural permission to publish this paper, and to those
fracturing and permeability variances within the whose contributions, cooperation and spirit made
reservoirs. It appears that North Oregon Basin, these proiects a reality and a success. Also,
on the whole, is a more matrix-dominated res thanks are extended to all the fields’ working
ervoir. Ryron is influenced more by natural interest owners for their technical assistance
fractures, with imbibition controlling oil and support in the pro,iects.
production in fractured areas.

REFERENCES
CONCLUSIONS
1. Ar!abright, P.A., Rhudy, il. S., and
Full-field polymer augmented waterflooding Phillips, q. L.: “Partiall,v Hydrolyzed
has been proven successful in two applications in Polvacrylamides with Superior Flooding and
Wyoming’s Big Horn !?asin. Significant ?n.iectfon Properties”, SPE 117!OR, 57th
conclusions associated with the pro.iects are as Annual Fall SPE Technical Conference, New
follows: f)rleans;September 26-29, 1982.

1. Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) 2. Kazemi, H., and MacMillan, 11. L.: 1 “A
can be manufactured in remote field Numerical Simulation Comparison of Five-Spot
locations. vs. 1.1
ne Drive in Micellar/Pol,ymer
Flooding”, S~EJ, pp. 6q-78, February lq82.
2. Radial core-disk flooding and computer
simulation, based on those disk floods, can 3. Mungan, N.: “ProgrannnedMobility C-ntrol in
predict polymer performance and permit Polymer Floods”, Research Report, Petroleum
screening of different polymer types. Recovery Research Institute, University of
Calgary, March 1968.
3. Oil production $esponse of approximately
3,500 BOPD (560 M Id) with decreasing water- 4. Giese, N. J.: Byron Unit Fmbar-Tensleep
oil-ratio trends definitely attributable to Engineering Report, Marathon ni~ Company,
polymer augmented waterflooding indicates Cody District, Dresented before the W.vominq
development of significant amounts of Oil’ and Gas Conservation Commission, March
incremental tertiary reserves from Byron and 9, 1982.
North Oregon Basin Fields. Additionally,
some polymer res~onse may be included in the 5. DeHekker, T. G.: Oreqon Basin Unit North
3150 BOPO (500 M Id) of increased production Embar-Tensleep Formation engineering Report,
due to continued field development Narathon 011 Comoanv. Codv Ihstrlct,
activities. presented before the Wyoming ‘Oil and Gas
Conservation Commission, January 11, 1983.
4. Problems related to polymer breakthrough and
increased entrained solids in producing 6. DeHekker, T. G.: Project Update and Notice
wells have been reduced by changes in of Modifications, North Embar-Tensleep
maintenance procedures, modification of rod I-ormatlons, Oregon 13asln Unit, Park County,
strings, and chemical treatments. Il,yoming, Engineering Report, Polvmer
Augmented Waterflood Project, Marathi
5. . Proper pro.iect administration requires Company, Cody District, presented before the
continued efforts to improve effectiveness Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission,
and optimize the polymer flooding process. June 19, 1984.

7. Robinson, II. C.: “Practical On-site

NOMENCLATURE inspection and Testing Jmproves Fracture
Treatment Quality”, SPE 14435, 60th Annual
PAW - Polymer Augmented Waterflood Fall SPE Technical Conference, Las Vegas,
STRO - Stock Tank Barrels of Oil, M = cubic September ??-25, 1985.
meters
 !ING’S NORTH OREGON BASIN & BYRONFIELDS SPE 14953

8. Sengul, M. M., Skinner, T. K., Kirchner, W.

n ., and Gilman, ,1. R.: “Simulation of
Polymer Flood with a Propagating Hydraulic
Fracture”, SPE 13125, 59th Annual Fall SPE
Technical Conference, Houston, September
16-19, 1984.

+ “M
LEGEND

~ DOLOMITE

$j:$; SANDSTONE

FIG. I OREGON BASIN NETPA TYPE LOG

 BY ROM KQOM OREQONB ASIN
EM BAR TENSLEEP E~ YENSLEEP

mmt Pay, It 22.0 07.0 26.0 83,0

Porosity,% 12.0 13.9 20.2 14.7

Pmrmeabillty, M6 4.s 78.0 68.0 103.0

Viacoslty, CP 17.0 17.0 8.2 10,0

Avg. Depth, It 5,400 5,600 3,370 3,s20

T9mpatatu, e,”F 120 ~30 108 710

PrOductlvO Acres 3,400 3,480 3,600 3,900

Dlval*nt C*tl Ons:

Ca++ 400 700 800 Soo

ME++ 75 *OO 150 1s0 PRODUCER

: INJECTOR

0+
T

FIG. 2 RESERVOIR PROPERTIES FIG. 3 BYRON TENSLEEP STRUCTURE MAP

1.0

0.9
1

WATER
0.8 FLOODIPOLYMER FLOOD
-e
B 0,7
I
g ! TERTl#?R#;%h
1~
F 0.6
.
CUhiULATIVE OIL RECOVERY,
5
\c’

:0”5 / ‘:;? OF OR’G’NALo’L

K o.4
0 ii i
>
u
Ill 0.3
i
> I
0
u OIL CUT
w 0.2
K I
J lPAW DRIVE WATER
501
. 1+ I

~
2.0 4.0
THROUGHPUT, PORE VOLUMES

FIG. 4 OREGON BASIN EMBAI? STRUCTURE MAP FIG. 5 TYPICAL DISK FLOOD PERFORMANCE
 .
m 14953
INCREMENTAL RECOVERY

% PORE
PHPA-5 POLYMER
~ FORMAT 10N co MCENTRATION [PPM) ~ % 01P(21

A SR-850 Tens198P 1000 4.0 1*. $

SR-851 Ten*l**p 1000 4,1 -- (3)

SR-852 T*n81**p 1000 !4.3 10.8

SR-866 T*nslm9P 700 2.4 10.4

SR-B70 T,nst@o P 1000 2.7 10.4

SR-871 T*n*l*mp 100J 3.4 $6.0

SU-672 Tmnsta9p 1000 S.o 1S.7

SR-840 Emb9r *000 6,5 ts.o

SW-665 Embar tooo 6.7 la. o

SR-873 Em bar 1000 3.7 7.8

SR-874 Em bar 1000 8,2 13.S

[11 Per* volumm r*c Ov*ry I* anatooous to ● ch2ng* In 011 saturation.

IZI OIP refers to amount of c.11 remalnlns III Placm afte, w81*, fteOdln f).
(3) D*an Stark w8ter extrmotlon 108!; 011 naturatlon unknown.

FIG. 7 OREGON BASIN NETPA

● HOMOGENEOUS SAMPLE CORE FLOOD RESULTS

A HETEROGENEOUS SAMPLE

FIG. 6 BYRON TENSLEEP DISK FLOOD RESULTS

s’
K
#lo
0
88
-

-
●
IzEElx
K :~x*
A6 - w.
6
:/ x
● ●
<4 - ●

:2 -
/

EO
Wo
I
200
1
400
t
600
,
800
1
1000
go~
:0 200 400 600 800 1000
K POLYMER CONCENTRAT~ON, PPM
0 POLYMER CONCENTRATION, PPM 0
g ~
FIG. 9 NORTH OREGON BASIN TENSLEEP
FIG. 8 NORTH OREGON BASIN EMBA14
CORE FLOOD RECOVERY CORE FLOOD RECOVERY

POLYMER VOLUME
>
Q .3 -
o“
w I
g
o
0
~ .2 . ~POLYMER INJECmN
J
5 EACH CASE IS lhJN TO A WOR = 100

* 1
.16 1 2 3 4
FLUID INJECTED, PV

FIG. 10 NORTH OREGON BAS!N

EMBAR SIMULATION
- OIL RECOVERY SENSITIVITY
TO POLYMER PORE VOLUME FIG. 11 OREGON ❑ASIN NETPA
POLYMER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
 BEGAN POLYMER
e
-FLOOD
10

, ! *
71 1 J
1

I A
rs8
9j t
I

I
4 L ~~ , II *
7~ 4
I
[1980 1198111982 ‘119831198411985 11986] ~1880] 1981 ]198211983’] 1984119851 1986]

FIG. 12 BYRON FIELD PERFORMANCE FIG. 130REGON BASIN NETPA PERFORMANCE

I BEGAN POLYMER
*FLOOD
8 ,

~ I

119801198111982 11983’~198411985 11986[

FIG. 140REGON BASIN NETPA-PERFORMANCE OF

SELECTED WELLS EXHIBITING RESPONSE
TO POLYMERINJ ECTION