DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Abbas, A.K., Lichtman, A.H., dan Prober, J.S. 1991. Cellular and Moleculer
Immunology. W.b Saunders Company: USA.
Agustina, R., D. T. Indrawati., dan M. A. Masruhin. 2015. Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun
Salam (Eugenia poyantha) Sebagai Antiinflamsi Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus
norvegicus). Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry. 3(2): 120-123.
Aktan, F. 2004. iNOS-mediated nitric oxide production and its regulation. Life
Science. 75(6): 639-5653.
Albu, S.E., Joyce., L.Paniwnyk., J.P Lorimer., dan T.J Mason. 2004. Potential for
the use of Ultrasound in the The ekstraction of antioxidants from rosmarinus
officinalis for the foor and pharmaceutical Industry. Ultrasonic
Sonochemistry.
Anggraini, D., Lukman, A., dan Mulyani, R. 2016. Formulasi Tablet Lepas Lambat
Natrium Diklofenak Menggunakan Pati Pisang Kepok (Musa balbisiana L)
Sebagai Matriks. Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis. 3(1): 25-30.
Arcanjo, D.D.R., Sena, I.V.O., Albuquerque, A.C.M., Neto, B.M., Santana, L.C.L.,
Silva, N.C.B., Moita, M.M., Medeiros, M.G.F., Soare, M.J.S., Danrade, N.C.,
dan Cito, A.M.G.L. 2011. Phytochemical screening dan evaluation of
cytotoxic, antimicrobial dan cardiovascular effects of Gomphrena globosa L.
(Amaranthaceae). Journal of Mediclinal Plants Research. 5 (10)
Arthi, V dan Prasanna, G. 2016. HPTLC Fringer Print Profile dan in vitro
Antioxidant Activity of Gomphrena globosa L Flowers. International
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review dan Research. 39 (1): 208-215.
Azwanida, N.N. 2015. A review on the extraction methods use in medicinal plants,
principle, strength and limitation. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 4:196.
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. 2005. Standarisasi ekstrak tumbuhan obat
Indonesia, salah satu tahapan penting dalam pengembangan obat asli
Indonesia. Dirjen Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan.6(4).
Bains, M dan Hall, E.D. 2011. Antioxidant therapies in traumatics brain and spinal
cord injury. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1822: 675-684.
Báo, S.N, Fank-de-Carvalho, S.M., Gomes, M.R.A., dan Silva, P.I.T. 2010. Leaf
surfaces of Gomphrena species (Amaranthaceae) from Cerrado biome.
Biocell. 34(1): 23-35.
Bartlett, J., dan Stirling, D. 2003. Sejarah Singkat dari Polimerase Chain Reaction
Protocol PCR 226. DOI: 10.1385/1-59295-384-4: 3. ISBN 1-59259-384-4.
Bharran, S., Chopra, K., dan Rishi, P. 2010. Vitamin E Supplementation Modulates
Endotoxin-induced Liver Damage in a Rat Model. American Journal of
Biomedical Sciences. 2(1): 51-62.
Bella, A., Sousa, N.M., Dehimi, M., Watts, J., dan Beckers, J.F. 2009. Western
analyses of Pregnancy-Associaed Glycoprotein Family (PAG) in Placental
Extracts of Various Mammals. Theriogenology. 68 (7) : 1055-1066.
Bloom dan Fawcett. 1994. A Textbook of Histology. Chapman and Hall: New York

41
 42

Chakraborty, P. 2018. Search of New Molecules/Prospects of Drug Discovery

Discovery from Herbal Medicines Prasanta. Journal Complement Medicina.
5(3): 1-2
Chdanana, E dan Kumar, P. 2018. A Review on Different Pharmalogical Activities
of Gomphrena globosa L. World Journal of Pharmacy dan Pharmaceutical
Sciences. 7(8): 386-394.
Christian, M., Adeyeye, M., dan Li, Pui-Kai. Analytical Profiles of Drugs
Substances Natrium Diclofenac. Departement of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
and Pharmaceutics: Pittsburg.
Cotran, R.S., Kumar, V., dan Robbins, S.L. 1994. Phatologic basis of disease. 5th
Edition. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, Lodon, Toronto, Mexico City, Rio de
Janeiro, Sydney, Tokyo. 624: 117-120.
Daikoku, A dan Turker, N., Antioksidant Capacity and Phenolic Constituent of
Malva neglecta Wallr and Plantago laceolata L from Eastern Anatolia
Region of Turkey. Journal of Herbal Medicine. 2: 42-51.
Dephut RI, 2018. The State of Indonesia’s Forests 2018. Ministry of Environment
dan Forestry: Republic of Indonesia.
Dinarello, C.A. 2010. Antiinflamatory Agents : Present and Future. Cell. 140: 935-
950.
Ellis, J.S dan Brown, D.W.G. 1998. PCR for the detection of Influenza Viruses in
clinical material. In: Stephenson J.W., Wanes, A. Editors. Diagnostic
Virology Protocols.Humana Press: New Jersey.
Firdiyani, F., T.W Agustini., dan W.F Ma’ruf. 2015. Ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif
sebagai antioksidan alami spirulina platensis segar dengan pelarut yang
berbeda. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 18(1) : 28-37.
Fukumura, D., S. Kashiwagi., dan Jain, R.K. 2006. The Role of Nitric Oxide in
Tumor Progression. Nature Review Cancer. 6 (7): 521-534.
Ganesan, S., PonnuChamy, M., Kesavan, L., dan Selvaraj, A. 2009. Floristic
composition dan practices on the sacred groves of pallapatty village
(Reserved forest) Tamilnadu. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 8(2):
154-162.
Grider, A. 2006. Zink, copper, and manganese. Dalam: Stipanuk, M.H.
Biochemical, physiological, & molecular aspects of human nutrition 2nd
edition. Missouri. Elsevier. 1043-1065.
Gunnet, C.A., Berg, D.J., dan Faracci, F.M. 1999. Vascular effect of
Lipopolisaccharide are enhanced in interleukin 10 deficient mice. Stroke. 30
: 2191-2196.
Gunnet, C.A., Chu, Y., Heistad, D.D., Loihl, A., dan Faracci, F.M. 1998. Vascular
effect of LPS in mice deficient in expression of the gene for inducible nitric
oxide synthase. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory
Physiology. 275: 416-421.
Hamiduzzaman, Md. 2013. Evaluation of Central dan Peripheral Analgesik
Activity of Whole Plant Gomphrena globosa L. International Research
Journal of Pharmacy. 4(6).
Hong, S.H., Avis, I., Vos, M.D. Martinez, A., Treston, A.M., dan Mulshine, J.L.
1999. Relationship of Arachidonic acid metabolizing enzyme expression in
 43

epithelial cancer cell line to the groeth of selective biochemical inhibitors.

Cancer Research. 59: 2223-2228.
Hussaine, S.P., L.J. Hofseth., dan C.C. Haris. 2003. Radical Causes of Cancer. Rev
Cancer. 3(4): 276-285.
Hwang, D., Scollard, D., dan Byrne, J. 1998. Expression of Cyclooxygenase-1 dan
cyclooxygenase-2 in human breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer
Institute. 90: 445-460.
Hwang, S.J., Kim, Y., Park, Y., Lee, H., Kim, K. 2014. Antiinflammatory effect
chlorognic acid in lipopolisaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
Inflammation Research. 63: 81-90.
Ignacimuthu, S dan Ayyanar, M. 2009. Plants used for non-medicinal purposes by
the tribal people in kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger reserve, Southern India.
Indian Journal Traditional of Knowledge. 9(3): 515-518.
Ikawati, Z., Nugroho, A.E., dan Werdhinindah, W. 2006. Efek ekstrak etanol daun
Erytrina fusca Lou (cangkring) terhadap penekanan ekspresi enzim
siklooksigenase-2 pada kultur sel Raji. Majalah Farmasi Indonesia. 17(2):
85-90.
Jones, D.A., Carlton, D.P., McIntyre, T.M., Zimmerman, G.A., dan Prescott, S.M.
1993. Molecular cloning of human prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase type
II and demonstration of expression in response to cytokines. The Journal of
Biological Chemistry. 268: 9049-9054
Jung, Y.S, Kim, D.H., Hwang, J.Y., Yun, N.Y., Lee, Y.H., Han, S.B., Hwang, B.Y.,
Lee, M.S., Jeong, H.S., Hong, J.T. 2014. Anti-inflammatory effect of tricin
40-O-(threo-beta-guaiacylglyceryl) ether, a novel flavonolignan compound
isolated from Njavara on in RAW264.7 cells and in ear mice edema.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 277: 67–76.
Kertia, N. 2009. Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Kurkumin Ekstrak Rinpang Kunyit
(Curcuma domestica Val) kajian klinis dan laboratoris pengaruhnya terhadap
respon inflamasi di dalam cairan sinovia sendi osteoartritis. Disertasi.
Universitas Gadjah Mada: Yogyakarta.
Khan, A.A., Iadarola, M., Yang, H.Y.T., dan Dionne, R.A. 2007. Expression of
COX-1 and COX-2 in a clinical model of acute inflammation. Journal of
Pain. 8(4): 349-354.
Kim, J.Y., Park, S.J., Yun, K.J., Cho, Y.W., Park, H.J., dan Lee, K.T. 2008.
Isoliquiritigenin isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis inhibits LPS-
induced iNOS dan COX-2 expression via the attenuation of NF-κB in RAW
264.7 macrophages. European Journal of Pharmacology. 584(1): 175–184.
Kumara, R., Clermont, G., Vodovotz, Y., dan Chow, C.C. 2004. The dynamics of
acute inflammation. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 230: 145–155.
Kusmiati., Priadi, P., dan Rahayu, K.B. 2017. Antibacterial Activity Test,
Evaluation of Pharmacognosy dan Phytochemical Screening of Some Extract
of Globe Amaranth (Gomphrena globosa). The Journal of Pure dan Applied
Chemistry Research. 6(1): 27-33
Latha, S.T., Rajendran, N.N., dan Babu, G. 2013. Anticancer screening of
Gomphrena globosa against ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice.
Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 5(2) : 283-289
 44

Libby, P. 2008. Role of Inflammation in Atherosclerosis Associated with

Rheumatoid Arthritis. The American Journal of Medicine. 121(10): 21–31.
Liberal, A., Calhelha, C., Pereira, C., Adega, F., Barros, L., Duenas, M., Santos-
Buelga, C., Abreu, R.M.V., dan Ferreira, I.C.F.R. 2015. A comparison of the
bioactivity and phytochemical Amaranth: res, white, and pink. Royal Society
of Chemistry. 7(2): 679-688
Liu, J. 2011. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cancer, with an especial
focus on esophageal cancer. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 12:
3159-3168.
Lodish., Berk., Matsudaira., Kaiser., Krieger., dan Scott. 2003. Molecular cell
biology 5th edition. New York: W H Freeman & Co
Luis, R.S, Patricia, V., Joana, F., Federico, F., Carla S., Angel, Gil-Izquierdo.,
Bridiga, R., Pinho., dan Paula, B.D. 2012. Phytochemical investigation dan
biological potential screening with cellular dan non-cellular models of Globe
Amaranth (Gomphrena globosa) inflorescences. Food chemistry. 135: 756-
763.
Madigan, M.T., Martinko, J.M., dan Parker, J. 1997. Brock Biology of
Microorganisms edisi 8. USA: Prentice Hall International, Inc. 75-80.
Masjoer, M. 2002. Peran Analgesik dan Antiinflamasi Non steroid pada Kasus
Inflamasi, dalam Penggunaan Analgesik dan Antiinflamasi NonSteroid
Secara Rasional, Edisi pertama. Yogyakarta : Farmakologi dan Toksikologi
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada.
McFadden, D.W., Riggs, D.R., Jackson, B.J., dan Cuningham, C. 2006. Additive
effects of cox-1 and cox-2 inhibittion on breast cancer in vitro. International
Journal of Oncology. 29(4). 1019-1023.
Meek, I.L., van de Laar, M.A.F.J., dan Vonkeman, H.E. 2010. Non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs: An overview of cardiovascular risks. Pharmaceuticals
(Basel). 3(7): 2146-2162
Mital, M., Siddiqul, M.R., Tran, Khiem., Reddy, P., dan Malik, A.B. 2014. Reactive
Oxygen Species in Inflammation dan Tissue Injury. Antioxidants & Redox
Signaling. 20(7): 1126-1147.
Mohammed, M.S., Osman, W.J.A., Garelnabi, E.A.E., Osman, Z., Osman, B.,
Khalid, H.S., dan Mohamed, M.A. 2014. Secondary metabolites as anti-
inflammatory agents. The Journal of Phytopharmacology. 3(4): 275-285.
Moita, E., Gil-Izquierdo, A., Sousa, C., Federico, F., Silva L.R., Valentao, P.,
Dominguez-Perles, R., Baenas, N., dan Danrade, P.B. 2013. Integrated
Analysis of COX-2 dan iNOS Derived Inflamatory Mediators in LPS-
Stimulated RAW Macrophages Pre-Exposed to Echium plantagineum L. Bee
Pollen Extract. Plosone. 8 (3): 59131.
Neilsen, P.O., Zimmerman, G.A., dan McIntyre, T.M. 2001. Eschericia coli Braun
Lipoprotein Induces a Lipopolisacharide-Like Endotoxic Response from
Primary Human Endothelial Cells. The Journal of Immunology. 167: 5231-
5239.
Norman, J.E., Bollapragada, S., Yuan, M., dan Nelson, S.M. 2007. Inflammatory
pathways in the mechanism of parturition. BMC Pregnancy and Chilbirth. 7:
2393-2397.
 45

Nurrochmad, A., Supardjan, A.M., dan Sardjiman. 1998. Penghambatan

Siklooksigenase oleh Siklovalon dn tiga senyawa analognya: Inhibition of
Cyclooxygenase by cyclovalone and its three analogue compounds. Majalah
Farmasi Indonesia. 9(4): 180-185.
Osafo, N., Agyare, C.,Obiri, D.D., dan Antwi, A.O. 2017. Mechanism of Action
of Nonsteroidal AntiInflammatory Drugs. INTECH.
Pierangeli, G., Vital, G., dan Rivera, W. 2009. Antimicrobial activity dan
cytotoxicity of Chromolaena odorata (L. f) King dan Robinson dan Uncaria
perrottetii (A. Rich) Merr Extracts. Journal Medicinal Plants Reerchs. 3(7):
511-518.
Preethi, J, B., Harita., dan T. Rajesh. 2017. Review on Thin Layer
Chromatography. Journal of Formulation Science & Bioavailability. 1: 107.
Rahman, A.H.M.M dan Gulshana, M.I.A. 2014. Taxonomy dan medicinal uses on
Amaranthaceae family of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Applied Ecology dan
environmental sciences. 2(2): 54-59
Rang, H.P., Dale, M.M., Ritter, J.M., dan Moore, P.K. 2003. Pharmacology Fifth
Edition. Churchill Livingstone: Edinburgh.
Rani, V dan U.C.S. Yadav. 2015. Free Radical in Desease and Health. International
Journal of Biomedical Science. 4 (2): 89-96.
Ricciotti, E., Garret, A., dan FitzGerald, M.D. 2011. Prostagldanins dan
Inflamation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 31(5): 986–1000.
Richard, F., Michelle, A.C., dan Luigi, X.C. 2008. Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews:
Pharmacology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Roitt, I., Brosteff, J., dan Male, D. 1996. Immunology Times Mirror
International.Barcelona: Spain.
Sander, A. 2003. Atlas Patologi Anatomi Jilid 1. UMM Press: Malang.
Sasidharan, S., Che, Y., Saravanan, D., Sundram K, M., dan Latha, L.Y. 2011.
Extraction, isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from plants
extracts. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative
Medicines. 8(1).
Seymour, G.J., Savage, N.W., dan Walsh, L.J. 1995. Immunology an Introduction
For The Health Sciences. McGraw-Hill Book Company: Australia.
Shao, J., Li, Y., Wang, Z., Xiao, M., Yin, P., Lu, Y., Qian, X., Xu, Y., dan Liu, J.
2013. A novel naphthalimide derivative, exhibited anti-inflammatory effects
via tar- geted-inhibiting TAK1 following down-regulation of ERK1/2- and
p38 MAPK-mediated activation of NF-jB in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7
macrophages. International Immunopharmacology. 17:216–228.
Shi, C., Yuan, S., Zhang, H., Zhang, T., Wang, L., dan Xu, Z. 2009. Cell-mediated
immune responses and protective efficacy against infection with mycobac-
terium tuberculosis induced by Hsp65 and hIL-2 fusion protein in mice.
Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. 69:140–149
Shindae, A., J. Ganu., dan P. Naik. 2012. Effect of Free Radicals & Antioxidant on
Oxidative Stress: A Review Journal of Dental & Allied Science. 1(2): 63-66.
Soskic, S.S., Dobutovic, B.D., Sudar, E.M. 2011. Regulation of Inducible Nitric
Oxide (iNOS) and its Insuline Resistance Diabetes and Heart Failure. The
Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal. 5: 153-163.
 46

Sukhdev, S.H., SumaN, P.S.K., Gennaro, L., dan Dev D. R. 2008. Extraction
technologies for medicinal and aromatic plants. International Centre for
Science and High Technology: Italy.
Tarnam, Y.A., Ilyas., Muhammad, M.H., dan Begum, T.N. 2014. Biological
Potential dan Phytopharmacological Screening of Gomphrena Species.
International Journal of Pharma Research & Review.3(1): 58-66.
Tetti , M. 2014. Ekstraksi, Pemisahan senyawa, dan identifikasi senyawa aktif.
Jurnal Kesehatan. 7(2).
Thakare, M., dan Singh, K.K.. 2006. Preparation and Evaluation of Diclofenac
sodium Controlled Release Tablets Using Spray-drying Technology in
Aqueous System. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 68(4): 530-532.
Tiwari, A.K. 2004. Antioxidants: New-generation therapeutic base for treatment of
polygebic disorders. Current Science. 86(8) : 1092-1102.
Trowbridge, H.O. 1990. Immunological Aspects of Chronic Inflammation and
Repair. Journal of Endodontics. 16 : 54-61.
Vaini, F., K. Kashfi., dan Nath. 2015. The Dual Role of iNOS in Cancer. Redox
Biology. (6): 334-343.
Vonkeman, H.E dan van de Laar, M.A. 2010. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs: Adverse effects and their prevention. Seminars in Arthritis and
Rheumatism. 39: 294-312
Willet, N.P., White, R.R., dan Rosen, S. 1991. Essential Dental Microbiology.
Simon & Schuster Asia Pte, Ltd: Singapore.
Winarsih, H. 2007. Antioksidan Alami dan Radikal bebas Edisi 5. Yogyakarta.
Kanisius. pp122-204.
Wooten, J.G., Blikslager, A.T., dan Ryan, K.A. 2008. Cyclooxygenase expression
and prostanoid production in pyloric and duodenal mucosae in dogs after
administration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. American Journal of
Veterinary Research.69: 457-464
Xu, Jianjun., Zhai, Yongxin., dan Aisa, Akber. 2017. Anti-inflammatory effect of
pomegranate flower in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7
macrophages. Pharmaceutical. 55 (1): 2095-2101
Yeole, P.G., Galgatte, U.C., Babla, I.B., dan Nakhtat, P.D. 2006. Design and
Evaluation of Xanthan gum-based Sustained Release Matrix Tablets of
Diclofenac sodium. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 68(2): 185-189
Yuniari, S. 2013. Pencarian Pelayanan Kesehatan pada Pengobat Tradisional
Herbal di Kota Denpasar. Public Health dan Preventive Medicine Archive.
1(2).