21st Century Literature by Isagani R.

Cruz

MEANING
 What is this work about? What is the theme?
-This work about proposed curriculum for Senior High School contains two literature
subjects. The theme is “Literature of the World” and “Literature of the Philippines.
 What effect or impression does the work have on the reader?
- I think the impression or effect on the reader is help you think clearly, write clearly
and speak clearly and clarity of thought and expression is a virtue which should be
cultivated.
 What is the argument or summary of the work?
-This course aims to allow 21st century learners to appreciate 21st century literature
(millennial texts) from the Philippines and the world by reading literary pieces of local,
national, and foreign authors.
 What is the writer’s intent?
-The writer intents to give better understanding about human nature and about the
complexity of human condition.

FORM
 How has the writer organized the literary work to achieve the effect or express the
meaning?
- The writer’s idea of the literary work has been systematized logically from the
important idea down to the branches of it which it makes the reader understand and
inculcate more the content of the work.
 How is the work structured or planned? As prose or poetry? As long narrative,
several short stories, or episode?
-The work is structured as a long narrative work.
 Into what genre could the work be placed?
- The genre could be in form of prose under the narrative which it uses not literally
formal style of writing but a daily language since it tells a story of 21 st Century Literature.
Moreover, it informs the reader of the concept of 21st century literature wherein they could
grasp an idea and knowledge. However, the work also can be consider in a form of poetry
since it uses tropes and such figurative languages in the example it narrates.
 In what way method or pattern of development was used within the structure of
work?
- The method or pattern of development was used within the structure of work were
inductive and deductive reasoning which the ideas has been systematized from the very
important idea down to the little and it often reciprocates idea from inconsequential to the
most important one.
VOICE AND TONE
 Who is telling the story?
-The writer himself who tells the story.
 How is the speaker or narrator characterized of his character revealed? By action or
by description/expressed or implied?
- The narrator characterized of his character revealed through implied, which he
considers himself as one of the teachers of the two literature subject stated in the
conclusion.
 From what the perspective is the story told? By the person outside the story or by
someone actually involved in the narrative?
- The work has been told in third person’s perspective which also has been by
someone involved in the narrative, Isagani R. Cruz.
 Is the speaker (the one telling the story) and the author or writer of the work the
same person?
-Yes, the speaker and the author of the story were the same person because the
author expressed his perspective towards his 21st century literature through third person
point of you and implied himself even.
 If the writer and the speaker are two different individuals, are their attitude towards
the subject, events, and the readers the same or different?
-If the writer and the speaker are two different individuals, their attitude towards the
subject, events, and the readers would still the same because the content of the work
won’t change what it has been.
 What is the author’s attitude towards the material, subject or theme?
- The author’s attitude towards material, subject or theme were formal and mindful of
the idea that has been provoked.
 What is the speaker’s attitude (if different from the author) towards material, subject
or theme? Toward the reader?
-Tone is the attitude the speaker reveals towards his readers, it reflects his relation to
the audience and how he stands toward that audience.
 Is the tone playful? Serious? Angry? Formal? Pleading? Joyful?
-The tone was formal because it conveys information.
 What is the atmosphere of the work (the way in which the mood, setting, and feeling
blended together to convey the prevailing tone?
- The atmosphere in the work indirectly stated however, the mood setting and feeling
still blending which makes the tone consistent.

CHARACTER AND ORGANIZATION

 Who are the people in the work?

-The people mentioned in the work we’re considered writers or authors of other works
and others considered as teachers.
  How do dialogue (what he/she says) and action (what he/she does) reveal a
character personality traits?
 Is there a principal Character?
- None, because the narrative only tends to inform through story but not a literal story.
 What is the characters’ motivation?
- The character’s motivation are Accomplishments and Self-esteem and Curiosity
because the ideas were about how 21st century literature altered and developed.
 Is the character’s personality revealed directly by the speaker telling the reader or
indirectly by the character’s own words and deed (requiring the reader to come to
conclusion about the characters based on dialogue and action)?
- The character’s personality revealed indirectly by the character’s own words and deed
as stated on the work
 If is non-narrative work, how would you characterized the speaker or the writer? How would
you characterize the work itself?
- Characterization of the speaker or the writer is process through which an writer
reveals a character’s personality. It’s a gentle unfolding of a woman’s confidence or a
man’s brilliant mind.

LANGUAGE (USES AND MEANING)

 Does the selection include any imagery the use of sensory images to represent
someone or something?
- There’s no selection include any imagery the use of sensory images to represent
someone.
 What figure of speech does the writer use, and what effect do they have on the
meaning of the selection?
- The writer did not use figure of speech.
 How does the writer diction (work choice) to convey meaning?
- The diction of a writer unique style of expression especially to their choice and arrangements
of words.
 What is the impact of the words used to convey the meaning normally assigned to those
word (denotations)?
- In this lesson you learn how authors can influence the meaning and the emotional effect of a
sentence just by choosing the right words or by making references and comparison.
 Did the writer intend that some words would imply additional, associated meanings for the
reader (connotation)?
-Yes, since there are so many views and opinions. The writer should support their words used
to justify their opinion to make it believable.
 What is the significance of those implications to the meaning of the selection and the intent
of the writer?
-I think the intent of a writer is to answer question about their intention in a broader sense you
can think of any piece of writing as one sided debate in which author is trying to convey a point.
 How is the use of connotation, denotation, and syntax (how the words are structured and
grouped to form meaningful thought units) relate to the style of the selection?
.- Connotation- the emotional feeling attached to word
Denotation- the literal meaning of word
Syntax- is the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences.
 Does the language of the selection include any elements of propaganda?
-Theres is no any elements of propaganda .