Infrastructure Planning Article

INFRASTRUCTURE
PLANNING
R. VARSHINI GUPTHA
The article talks about the assessment of water
requirement and the water distribution system layouts and
their basic design guidelines.
SUBMITTED BY :
R.VARSHINI
17011BA029
SEM- 4
INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING
Contents
ASSESMENT OF WATER REQUIREMENTS: ........................................................................................... 3
DISTRIBUTUION SYSTEM: ....................................................................................................................... 4
REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM: ..................................................................................... 5
LAYOUTS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION: ............................................................................................................ 5
DESIGN OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM : ............................................................................................................. 7
AMARAVATHI WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ........................................................................................................ 7
ABOUT THE AUTHOR: ................................................................................................................................. 10
2
Source : WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION ENGINEERING , http://ccdmc.co.in/downloads/Amaravati-
concept-handbook_modified.pdf
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM LAYOUTS AND BASIC DESIGN GUIDELINES
-R. VARSHINI GUPTHA
Assessment of waster requirement is very important as it helps us to understand the usage of water for
different sectors. The assessment of water, distribution system and layouts of water distribution system
are detailed in the article.
ASSESMENT OF WATER REQUIREMENTS:
DOMESTIC USE 0.5L- 40L PERHEAD/DAY

Bathing 30l per head /day
Cooking 5l per head/day
CIVIC USE 1-5LPERCAPITA/DAY

Road washing 5lpercapita/day
Public sanitation purpose 3lpercapita/day
INDUSTRIAL USE 1l-135lperkg/product
Soap, steel, sugar 4.5l-60lperkg/product
Glass, aluminum, paper 70l-160lperkg/product
INSTITUTIONAL USE 45l-450lperhead/day
Hospitals (up to 100 beds) 340lperbed/day
Hostels 135lperbed/day
Schools 135lperhead/day
hotels 180lperbed/day
LOSS AND WASTE --
BUSINESS --
3
DISTRIBUTUION SYSTEM:
 For efficient distribution it is required that water should reach to every costumer with required
rate of flow. Therefore, some pressure is required which forces the water to reach everyplace.
Depending upon method of distribution, distribution system is classified as:
1. Gravity system
2. Pumping system
3. Dual system
GRAVITY SYSTEM PUMPING SYSTEM

6+
Suitable when water supply is located at height Treated water is directly pumped into the
distribution main without storing
Most reliable and economic distribution
COMBINED SYSTEM
Treated water is pumped and stored in

elevated reservoir
4
REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM:
 Water quality should not get deteriorated in the distribution pipes.

 It should be capable of supplying water to all the intended places with sufficient pressure.
 The layout should be such that no consumer be left out without water supply during the repair
of any section of pipe.
 The distribution pipes should be preferably laid one meter away or above the sewer lines.
LAYOUTS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION:

Generally, in practice there are four different systems of distribution.
1. Dead end system
2. Grid iron system
3. Circular or ring system
1. DEAD END SYSTEM:
This layout is suitable for irregular

grown cities.
In this system one main starts

from reservoir along main road .
Sub-mains are connected to main
in both direction. Then the
distributor are connected to
sub mains and finally branches
connects are made to
every individual house.
5
2. GRID IRON PATTERN :
This system is also called as reticulated

system
It is most convenient for towns of
rectangular layout of roads. Water is
supplied from both sides to every point and
very small part is affected during repair.
3. CIRCULAR OR RING PATTERN :
This system can be adopted only in well planned locality of

cities.
In this way every point receives its supply
from two directions. It is sometimes used as
LOOPED FEEDER and is placed centrally
in high demand area.
6
DESIGN OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM :
 Generally the layout of the city or town will greatly effect the and design of the distribution
system.
 Depending on layout of roads, levels of different zones, the design is done.
DIAMETER OF THE PIPE APPROXIMATE VELOCITY

(internal )
10cm 0.9m/sec
15cm 1.2m/sec
25cm 1.5m/sec
40cm 1.8m/sec
AMARAVATHI WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
The proposed water supply

system layout for Amaravati is
following the GRID IRON
pattern.
VISION: water supply to all

stakeholders : domestic ,
municipal , industrial ,
institutional , commercial and
other sectors of people and
infrastructure facilities .
7
The design standards were as mentioned.
The residual pressure is 17m
Pipe diameter is 150mm.
8
The image beside is, the water supply layout of DOODH BOWLI area ,
where the widths of the pipes are mentioned in the legend . the units
are
(mm)
The pattern followed is dead end type layout.
Doodh bowli
located near
the Nehru
zoological
park.
Concluding with,
 Water distribution system should be based on a pipe layout that is suitable and have no or less
water stagnation within the pipe to avoid tuberculation, encrustation and sediment deposits
 Water utilities will also need to practice appropriate design of system expansions/distribution
and use higher quality works, materials, and equipment.
 In addition, regulators and policy makers should require water utilities to do periodic water
audits and regularly publish detailed water distribution system data, which can then be
independently audited. water distribution system management should not be a one-time
activity.
9
 Water supply system is a major area to be concentrated in infrastructure planning. 70 % of

urban are accessible to water supply but the percentage of accessibility in rural areas is less.
 Improvement in this sector helps improve the development rate a bit faster. Before trying to
develop the city developing the water supply system yields good result.
 The water supply system layout proposal of Amaravati was feasible and focused on the demand.
the layout was according to the road pattern which is grid.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

I VARSHINI GUPTHA perusing my bachelors from urban and regional planning. Special interest in rural
development subject, and this might be due to active participation in an organization called AWS which
focuses on rural development. Interested in writing poems, quotes. Working for society is far better
than working for self is my motto.
REFERNCES:
 Water supply and sanitation engineering

 https://www.wateronline.com/doc/water-distribution-system-challenges-and-solutions-0001
 Amaravati deep dive workshop – infrastructure ( water , waste water , storm water )
 http://ccdmc.co.in/downloads/Amaravati-concept-handbook_modified.pdf
10

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INFRASTRUCTURE

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM LAYOUTS AND BASIC DESIGN GUIDELINES

-R. VARSHINI GUPTHA

ASSESMENT OF WATER REQUIREMENTS:

DOMESTIC USE 0.5L- 40L PERHEAD/DAY

CIVIC USE 1-5LPERCAPITA/DAY

Depending upon method of distribution, distribution system is classified as:

GRAVITY SYSTEM PUMPING SYSTEM

Treated water is pumped and stored in

REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM:

 Water quality should not get deteriorated in the distribution pipes.

LAYOUTS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION:

1. Dead end system

2. Grid iron system

3. Circular or ring system

1. DEAD END SYSTEM:

This layout is suitable for irregular

In this system one main starts

2. GRID IRON PATTERN :

This system is also called as reticulated

3. CIRCULAR OR RING PATTERN :

This system can be adopted only in well planned locality of

DESIGN OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM :

 Depending on layout of roads, levels of different zones, the design is done.

DIAMETER OF THE PIPE APPROXIMATE VELOCITY

AMARAVATHI WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

The proposed water supply

VISION: water supply to all

The design standards were as mentioned.

The residual pressure is 17m

Pipe diameter is 150mm.

The pattern followed is dead end type layout.

 Water supply system is a major area to be concentrated in infrastructure planning. 70 % of

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

 Water supply and sanitation engineering

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