An Analysis of the Shifting Mood and Residue in the text of narrative “ Sangkuriang”:

Think Globally Act Locally for Junior High School Grade IX. Translation Study Of
Indonesia to English

1Fairatul
Husna Daslin, 2Mega Yulia
English Education Program, Faculty of Language and Art
Universitas Negeri Padang

1.Introduction
We are able to express anything as human being .To express what they want, Human usually
need communicate with each other. According to Bloor & Bloor (2004) that how people use
language are devided into three ; (1) language is seen in the way to manage our perspective
and relate with our mind; (2) language can take many roles of live. It used to be understand
that language can relate to interpreted our expression (3) language attend to relate in
linguistic study. It could be included the use of the context language it self. Martin,
Matthiesen and Painter (1997) states that as a the method of grammar is used. Regarding of
the formal grammar.

This Journal is extended to analyze Mood and Residue for an equivalent translation to
English in one of narrative from Indonesia local hitory, “Sangkuriang ”.The analysis of the
text is devided into clauses to make it easy and is aimed to convey the interpersonal meaning
of the text. Each clause consist of a set of functional grammar which one of concern on mood
and Residue. One of the major problem that translator sometimes getting confused to define
the function or position of the grammar it self. According to Hallday that the grammar
research has the purpose to solve many problem of clauses.It could be devided into three
functions of clause (1) function of a clause as a message, (2)clause as an exchange, and
clause as a (3)representation.

Several studies has suggested that the main aim of the translation is to produce the Meaning
itself.Meaning from the source language is produced to be the same meaning in the target
language. It should be in level of equivalence. There are two type how understanding the
meaning , first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. Therefore , Producing a
meaning could be create a good grammatical and lexical . According to Newmark (1988:7)
that translation is a acquire that conclude to translate a meaning and or a written statement
from one language to other language.

Larson (1984:3) adds that the translation conclude to translate the native language into target
language, which startsfrom the foreign language form towards the target language form
usingsemantic language structure. In this case, the message that is transferred must be
shifthing of the grammatical itself . In the contrary Baker's perspective in translation (1992:
122) leads to the process of changes in translation which is more than shifts in grammatical
but she discuss about the crucial thing in the structure of clause as a message because shows
that writer's of source language wants to deliver. Realizing the importance of Mood and
Residue structure, a translator should know Mood and Residue in target language.

From all theories above the writer can conclude that each language has a grammatical
structure and lexical composition that differs one another. Every language has a system of its
own and has the characteristics that differentiate with other languages. This can be
bridgedwith reproducing the same message or equivalence message that emphasizes to the
whole content.

To this extent, the translator should need master the source language and the target language
well,They also include understanding of the field of knowledge that is transformed into the
target language. In another words, a good translator has to be able in choosing the right word,
phrase, or sentence which has equivalence in semantic with source language, though he must
transform syntax from source language to target language. Also, Nida & Taber (1969: 12) in
translating, a translator must be able to reproduce the message and it must be good in
grammatical adjustment.

Based on the problems and review research above, the researcher, then, set out to investigate
to to provide explanation on interpersonal clauses of English Narrative Textbook “
Sangkuriang”: Think Globally Act Locally for Junior High School Grade IX. Translation
Study Of Indonesia to English

Review of Literature

Systematical Functional Grammar

Functional Grammar is study the meaning of the systematic meaning of language in in

different social situations.It could be written or the spoken depend on human interpret
(Hallday,1994). Human need to show how the text word among the level of the sentence, the
differencess of structure and kind of purpose of how to use.

In his book An Introduction to Functional Grammar, Halliday (1994) said that functional
grammar is so-called because its conceptual framework is a functional one rather than a
formal one. It is functional in three funstions : in its interpretation (1) of texts, (2) of the
system, and (3) of the elements of linguisticstructures. The meaning of this, functional
grammar is systematic to process how the language is used. Every text(everything that is said
or written) unfolds in some context of use. Based on Halliday’s model, Thompson (1996)
explains the three metafunctions of functional grammar in an informal way as follows: 1) we
use language to talk about our experience of the world, including what we thing , to describe
events and what we feel 2) We also use language to communicate with other people, to
establish and maintain relation with them, to influence their behavior, to express our own
viewpoint on things in the world, and to elicit or change theirs. 3) Finally, in using language,
we organize our messages in ways which indicate how they fit in with the other messages
around them and with the wider context in which we are talking or writing.
The Mood and Residue Structure

Mood is part of the study of functional grammar used to identify the forms of the clause.
Richards (1992:235) says that it is “a set of contrast which are often shown by the form of the
verb and which express the speaker’s or writer’s attitude 11 to what is said or written”. Gerot
and Wignell (1995:25) mention that “The Mood elements consist of two parts: the subject,
which is a nominal group and the finite element, which is part of the verbal group.” This view
indicates that there are two elements that produce mood: the subject, whose function is
typically carried out by a nominal group, and the finite, which is taken from verbal operators.

Mood carries the interpersonal functions of the clause and consists of subject and finite. The
subject is realized by a nominal group in which the speaker gives responsibility for the
validity of the clause, while the finite is realized by the first of the verbal group. The rest of
the verbal group is the predicator, which forms part of the residue. A clause, thus, consists of
mood + residue. The detailed description of the subject and the finite is as follows: (a)
Subject According to Halliday and Matthiessen (2004:117), “The subject supplies the rest of
what it takes to form a proposition: namely, something by reference to which the proposition
can be affirmed or denied.” This indicates that the subject is the element in terms of which
the clause can be negotiated; i.e., it realizes the thing by reference to which the proposition
can be affirmed or denied.

Then Halliday and Matthiessen (2004:117) mention that the subject is the item that is “being
held responsible” for the validity of the argument and is identifiable by the tag question. For
example: (1) That teapot was given to your aunt, wasn’t it? The teapot functions as the
subject and, as such, is unmarked. If we compare this, however, to: 12 (2) That teapot the
Duke gave to your aunt, didn’t he? From the above example given by Halliday and
Matthiessen (2004:118), here the question is still ‘about’ the teapot, but it is the Duke who is
“made to sustain the validity of the statement.” Hence, the tag is “he”. We can see this
responsibility in the case of certain offers and commands where the subject is made
responsible for the success of the outcome. (b) Finite The second essential constituent of the
mood is finite. Halliday and Matthiessen (2004:115) say that “The Finite is the element that
brings the proposition down to earth, so that it is something that can be argued about”. Gerot
and Wignell (1995:27) support the above statement, explaining that “The Finite element has
the function of anchoring or location an exchange with reference to the speaker and making
proposition something that can be argued about.” This can be done in one of two ways: (i)
tense and (ii) modality. Halliday and Matthiessen (2004:116), in relation to tense, state that
“A proposition may become arguable through being located in time by reference to the
speech event.” This statement indicates that primary tense means past, present or future at the
moment speaking, while modality indicates “A proposition or proposal may become arguable
through being assessed in terms of the degree of probability or obligation that is associated
with it.” The negative sometimes belongs functionally to the finite

2.2.2 Residue

Residue The general term for the part of the clause which is not the mood is the residue. The
residue is the element that forms a clause after mood. Halliday and Matthiessen (2004:121)
mention that “The Residue consists of functional elements of three kinds: Predicator,
Complement and Adjunct.” This is similar to the view of Gerot and Wignell (1995:31) that
“This clause displays a typical pattern of 16 elements in the Residue, namely: Predicator,
Complements(s), Adjuncts(s).” Thus, according to both views above, there are three kinds of
functional elements in the residue: the predicator, complements, and adjuncts.

The detailed description of the predicator, complement and adjunct is as follows: (a)
Predicator Halliday and Matthiessen (2004:121) state that “The Predicator is present in all
major clauses, except those where it is displaced through ellipsis. It is realized by a verbal
group minus the temporal or modal operator, which as we have seen function as Finite in the
Mood element.” Then, Gerot and Wignell (1995:31) state that “The predicator is the verb part
of the clause, the bit which tells what’s doing, happening or being. There are also non-finite
(‘to’ + verb and verb + ‘ing’) clauses containing a Predicator but no Finite element.” Bloor &
Bloor (2004:43) explain that “The Predicator is realized by the lexical verb, that part of the
verb which you might look up in a dictionary, but it also incorporates all auxiliary elements
other than the operator, which carries the agreement function.” The above views show that
predictor is a verb that is the part of the clause, in which the predicator obviously expresses
the process - the action, happening, state, etc, in which the subject is involved. Predictor can
be joined with the finite.

There are four functions of the predicator (underlined) according to Halliday and
Matthiessen (2004:122): 17 1. “It specifies time other than reference to the time of the speech
event, that is, ‘secondary’ tense: past, present or future relative to the primary tense.” (we are
going to release the document); 2. “It specifies various other aspects and phases such as
seeming, hoping, trying.” (you’ll have to make it look a lot clearer); 3. “It specifies the voice:
active or passive.” (Brazil wasn’t discovered); 4. “It specifies the process (action, event,
mental process, relation) that is predicated of the Subject.” (b) Complement The second
element in the residue is complement. Halliday and

Matthiessen (2004:122) say that “A complement is an element within the Residue that has the
potential of being Subject but is not; in other words, it is an element that has the potential for
being given the interpersonally elevated status of modal responsibility - something that can
be the nub of the argument. It is typically realized by a nominal group.” In other words,
according to Halliday and and Matthiessen, a complement is possible to become subject but
is not, and it is commonly formed into a nominal group. A clause may include one or more
than one complements. Then, Gerot and Wignell (1995:32) also mention that “The
Complement answers the question ‘is/had what’, ‘to whom’, ‘did to what’.” (c) Adjunct
Apart from the predicator and the complement(s), a clause may also contain one or more
adjuncts. According to Halliday and Matthiessen (2004:123- 124), “An Adjunct is an element
that has not got the potential of being Subject; 18 that is, it cannot be elevated to the
interpersonal status of modal responsibility. An Adjunct is typically realized by an adverbial
group or a prepositional phrase”. The main difference between adjuncts and complement is
that adjuncts cannot in themselves be chosen as subject while complements have such a
potential. For a prepositional phrase, consisting of a predicator + complement, it is often the
case that one of the constituents, the complement, has the potential of becoming a subject and
the preposition gets left behind.

Definition of Translation

Translation has been defined in various ways. As Catford (1965: 20) defines that translation
is systematical shifting by the translator from one language to another language. It means
that translation is the in which all the linguistic levels of the source text
(phonology,graphology, grammar and lexis) are replaced by target language material. He also
states thatthe theory of translation is concerned with a certain type of relation between
languages and isconsequently a branch of comparative linguistic. It means that translation is
also can bestudied as a branch of comparative linguistic. When the translator translates or
transforms language from one into another they compare the two languages, not just lexis but
also in grammatical. The same idea is stated by Петрова (2002: 5) that translation is a
process in turning a text from one language into another, which express the same message but
in different signs or language.

In addition, Nida & Taber (1969: 12) states that the primary purpose of the translation is
toreproduce the message. Message from the source language is reproduced to be the
samemessage in the target language. It must be in the closest natural equivalence.
Understanding reproducing message can be in two ways, first in terms of meaning and
secondly in terms of style. Furthermore, in reproducing message, one must make a good
many grammatical and lexical adjustments. Newmark (1988:7) states that translation is a skill
that consists of efforts to change the message and or a written statement from one language to
the message and or similar statements in other languages..

In the contrary Baker's perspective in translation (1992: 122) leads to the process
oftransformation in translation which is more than shifts in grammatical but she discuss
aboutthe most important element in the structure of clause as a message because it represents
the information that writer's of source language wants to convey that very language has a
system of its own and has the characteristics that differentiate with other languages. This can
be bridged with reproducing the same message or equivalence message that emphasizes to
the whole content.
Methodology

This study is an exploratory research done to examine the use and process in shifting of
mood and residue in text of narrative “ Sangkuriang” has taken in a book entitled “Think
Globally Act Locally for Junior High School Grade IX”

To collect the data, the present writer uses some steps. Firstly, finding the data sources, these
are narrative text . Then, the narrative text are read regularly in order to get the understanding
deeply about the content. Next, finding some clauses inside the novel related to the study that
is shifthing of mood and residue structure and then they are marked by highlighter then,
categorizing

The data based on the kinds and elements of theme after that re-checking the data, whether
thedata collected is really related to the topic or not and finally, analyzing and describing
mood and residue according to the problem statement.

Discussion

The grammatical structure of proposition consists of two main clause elements, i.e. Mood and
Residue. Mood may be in the forms of (1) Subject, (2) Finite, and (3) expression of polarity,
while Residue may be in the forms of (1)Predicator, (2) Complement, and (3) Adjunct.
Each of the six elements is presented in some sample

Sample 1
Tumang was actually a man

Tumang Was actually A man

Subject Finit Mood adjunct Complement
Mood Residue

Tumang sebenarnya adalah seorang Pria

Tumang Sebenarnyanya Adalah Seorang Pria

Subject Mood adjunct Finit Complement

Mood Residue

According to the example above, in clause (1a) The first clause in the TL has a mood system
SubjectΛ Finit ΛMood Adjunct . While the system in the SL (Indonesian language) clause
has a system SubjectΛ Mood adjunct ΛFinit.

Sample two

Ketika dia Berjalan Mendekatinya

Subject Finit Complement
Mood Predicator Residue
 When he walked Closer to her
Subject Finit/ Predicator Mood adjung Complement
Mood Residue

Mood Adjung “Closer” for instance was moved to function as a complement. While the
complement “to her” has the function as Complement “nya” which was originally in the final
position of SL clause

Sample three

He could not Find Any dear In the wood

Subject Finit Pedicator Complement adjung
Mood Residue

Dia tidak bisa menemukana Rusa apapun Di hutan

Subject Finit Predicator Complement adjung

In restructuring a clause like the one shown in sample (3), all elements of the clause in the SL
were maintained so that the translation resulted in formal corresponce in the word, group,
phrase, and clause levels. This had eventually yielded the highest level of equivalence, that is
functuional one between the two languages

Sample 4

He came to her
Subject Finit/Predicator Complement
Mood Residue

Dia Datang Kepadanya

Subject Predicator Complement
Mood Residue
In sample 4, the Finite element is the past tense form represented by the suffix /-ed/ attached
to the Predicator “came”. In this pattern, one complements are used to furnish the clause,
i.e. “to her” It is quite possible that an element in the SL does not have any counterpart in the
TL
Conclution

The results of this study can be one example of restructuring clauses in translationfrom
Indonesia to English in. With examples like this, translation learning will get adequate
guidance so that the objectives of the activity can be achieved. Resultsthis research can also
be the basis for assessment of translation quality, good ones done in class by students or at
the practice of translation in the field really is. This research leaves a number unsolved
problem. Problem These include disclosure of internal strategies clause restructuring,
translation of texts specifically contained in novels such as letters,poetry, illustrations, and so
on.