This drawing shows schematically the drainage channels and minimum structural requirements.

Details of the structural, geotechnical and foundation systems are to be designed by Qualified Persons.

100 50
13 x 50 APPROVED SELF
GAP TO BE FILLED EXPANDING CORK
UP WITH CEMENT MORTAR (1: 3) JOINT-SEALER

R.C. SLAB R.C. SLAB

1:40

EQ
1:40

100
THICKNESS OF
50

20
GEOTEXTILE COMPLYING
BASE OR WALL

EQ
WITH TABLE SHOWN IN
DRAWING NO . 3

13 THK. APPROVED JOINT FILLER

25

PRECAST UNIT JOINT STANDARD EXPANSION JOINT

65 DIA PVC WEEPHOLES AT
1.5m C/C STAGGERED

HANDPITCHED HARDCORE
MASS CONCRETE
ALONG THE WHOLE LENGTH
TOP WIDTH OF DRAIN BOTTOM WIDTH OF D.W.F. DEPTH OF D.W.F.
BENCHING OF THE DRAIN MASS CONCRETE

BENCHING < 3.0m 0.3m 0.125m

WIDTH (SEE TABLE) WIDTH (SEE TABLE)

> 3.0m TO 4.5m 0.6m 0.150m

REINFORCED CONCRETE 1:30 FALL
1:30 FALL
1
> 4.5m TO 6.0m 0.9m 0.150m
1 1:
1:

> 6.0m TO 9.0m 1.2m 0.200m

LEAN CONCRETE
HARDCORE BLINDED WITH SAND > 9.0m TO 12.0m 1.8m 0.250m
300

> 12.0m 2.1m 0.300m

(PILING AND FOUNDATION DETAILS TO BE DESIGNED BY QP.) (PILING AND FOUNDATION DETAILS TO BE DESIGNED BY QP.)

U-DRAIN BOX CULVERT

NOTES:
1 EXPANSION JOINTS SHALL BE PROVIDED AT MAX. 35m INTERVALS AT THE BASE AND WALLS
OF ALL CAST-IN-SITU DRAINS. SUCH JOINTS SHALL HAVE A GAP OF 13mm PACKED WITH AN
APPROVED JOINT FILLER AND CAULKED WITH AN APPROVED SELF EXPANDING CORK JOINT-SEALER.
ALL REINFORCEMENTS SHALL NOT BE CARRIED THROUGH AN EXPANSION JOINT.

2 ALL PRECAST UNITS SHALL BE LAID CLOSE. THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE GAP IS 50mm.
ALL GAPS SHALL BE FILLED WITH 1:3 MIX CEMENT MORTAR.
ROLLED &
CLOSE-TURFED
3 ALL PRECAST AND REINFORCED CONCRETE SHALL BE GRADE 30 OR HIGHER GRADES.
1:40 1:40
4 ALL MASS CONCRETE SHALL BE GRADE 25 OR HIGHER GRADES.

100
5 ALL LEAN CONCRETE SHALL BE GRADE 15.
REINFORCED CONCRETE 65 DIA P.V.C. WEEPHOLES AT
1.5m C/C STAGGERED. 6 MILD STEEL AND HIGH TENSILE STEEL REINFORCEMENTS SHALL CONFORM TO SS2

7 FABRIC MESH REINFORCEMENTS SHALL CONFORM TO SS2

8 MINIMUM REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB THICKNESS SHALL BE 150mm.

GEOTEXTILE COMPLYING
WITH TABLE SHOWN IN 9 MAIN REINFORCEMENTS SHALL HAVE MINIMUM CLEAR COVERS OF 70mm.
MASS CONCRETE DRAWING NO . 3 (WATER FACE) AND 50mm (EARTH FACE)
BENCHING HANDPITCHED HARDCORE ALONG THE
HANDPITCHED HARDCORE ALONG THE 10 THE CONSTRUCTED DRAINS SHALL NOT CAUSE PONDING AT THE EMBANKMENTS OF U-DRAINS
WHOLE LENGTH OF THE DRAIN. WHOLE LENGTH OF THE DRAIN.
WIDTH (SEE TABLE) & TRAPEZOIDAL DRAINS AND AT THE TOP SLAB OF BOX CULVERT.

1:30 FALL 1:30 FALL

11 IN THE DESIGN OF U-DRAINS, UPHEAVE MUST BE CONSIDERED. THE WALLS OF U-DRAINS
1:1 2
SHALL BE DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND A LIVE LOAD SURCHARGE OF 10 kN/m ON THE BANKS.

LEAN CONCRETE
12 IN THE DESIGN OF TRAPEZOIDAL DRAINS, STABILITY OF THE SLOPE AND UPHEAVE MUST BE
CONSIDERED. A LIVE LOAD SURCHARGE OF 10 kN/m2 ON THE BANKS SHALL BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.
HARDCORE BLINDED WITH SAND

LEAN CONCRETE 13 FOR DRAINS THAT ARE ADJACENT TO ROADS AND ARE AFFECTED BY VEHICULAR LOADING, A LIVE LOAD
(PILING AND FOUNDATION DETAILS TO BE DESIGNED BY QP.) 2
SURCHARGE OF 20 kN/m SHALL BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION IN THE DESIGN OF DRAINS.

14 BOX CULVERTS SHALL BE DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND BRIDGE LOADING IN ACCORDANCE

WITH LAND TRANSPORT AUTHORITY’s STANDARDS.
TRAPEZOIDAL DRAIN
15 ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETRES UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED.

DRAWING NO. 1 U-SHAPED & TRAPEZOIDAL DRAINS AND BOX CULVERT