E10 - 1 2011 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics

17-19 July 2011, Bandung, Indonesia

Testing and Diagnostics of Power Transformer in

PT. Indonesia Power
Kamojang Geothermal Power Plant Unit 1
Agus Purwadi #1, Nana Heryana#2, Dadan Nurafiat#3, Cahyono Sosetyo*4, Agus Setiana*5, Arief Mustaqim*6
#
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
1
apurwadi57@gmail.com
*
PT. Indonesia Power, Kamojang Geothermal Power Plant
Jalan Raya Kamojang Garut 44101, Indonesia

Abstract— This paper presents testing and diagnostics of 40
MVA, 150/11.8 kV,Ynd5 main transformer and 4 MVA, 11.8/6.3
kV auxiliary transformer on PT. Indonesia Power Kamojang
Geothermal Power Plan unit 1, that have been in operations for
more than 25 years, since 1982. Although the main and auxiliary
power transformer installed have been fulfilled their design life,
the concept of simple replacement of power transformer in the
system considering it as weak or potential source of trouble is no
more valid in the present scenario of financial constraint. Today
the paradigm has changed and many efforts are being directed to
explore new approach/techniques of testing, monitoring,
diagnosis, life assessment and condition evaluation and
possibility of extending the life of existing power transformer.
In this effort of extending the life of existing power
transformer, testing and diagnostics of power transformer
conditions become very important step whether it is possible to
extend certain time of useful life beyond design life and save
investment on new power transformer. This paper mainly asses
the life condition of total insulation system of power transformer
due to failure of insulation material considered to be major
factor in power transformer, Testing and diagnostics done on
main and auxiliary power transformer based on Transformer
Turn Ratio (TTR) test, Winding Resistance (Rdc) test, Insulation
Resistance (IR)Test, Tan delta test, Dissolve Gas Analysis (DGA)
test and Dielectric Response Analysis (Dirana) test. This kind of
tests gives in depth information regarding power transformer
conditions and abnormalities. The test results show that the oil
and paper insulation of both power transformers were very wet
and need immediate purification. Condition of winding
resistance on main power transformer also showed very
significant increase value (300%) compare to the previous
commissioning data that mean also increasing load losses
significantly.
Keywords— Testing, diagnostics, power transformer, life
assessment, kamojang geothermal power plant
To obtained information of equipment’s conditions, several
tests should be conducted.
Current maintenance scenario of electrical maintenance is
condition based maintenance or preventive maintenance.
Testing data is stored as a database of electrical condition.
Combined information between historical data and testing
data will give the trend of electrical equipment’s condition.
The trend will give characteristic of equipment deterioration.
Proper information about equipment condition is useful to
determine appropriate correcting and maintenance action
should be done.
Transformer is an essential part in power transmission and
distribution. It serves as interface between power generation
equipment and transmission system, between transmission
system and distribution system, and between distribution
system and load. Transformer failure will result in great loss
in electrical system. Hence, a well establish maintenance
should be conducted.
II. TRANSFORMER TESTING
Several tests that are conducted for power transformer are
as follow:
A. Transformer Turn Ratio Test
Transformer turn ratio test is conducted to obtain
information about voltage ratio of transformer. An unusual
deviation value from the rating indicates that there is problem
in the winding.
B. Winding Resistance (Rdc) Test
Winding resistance test is conducted to obtain resistance
value of transformer winding. Rdc test information can be
used to determine whether the winding is balance or not

I. INTRODUCTION C. Insulation Resistance (IR)Test

Electrical equipment will undergo deterioration as soon as Insulation resistance test is conducted to obtain resistance
the equipment is installed. This deterioration should be value of insulation system in power transformer. Deterioration
checked or it will cause electrical failures and malfunctions. value of insulation resistance indicates contamination
existence in insulation.

978-1-4577-0752-0/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE

D. Tan Delta Test TABLE I
TTR TEST RESULT (MAIN TRANSFORMER)
Tan delta test is conducted to obtain information about
dielectric losses in electrical insulation system. Insulation is Phase Maximum deviation from nominal (%)
very much like a simple capacitor. In an ideal insulation it A 0.51
only has a capacitive part. Tan delta test measure the resistive B 0.46
component of insulation. System high tan delta value will has
C 0.48
a high losses. It indicates that there is a problem in the
insulation.
E. Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) Test
Dissolved gas test is conducted to obtain information about
dissolved gas components in transformer oil. Combinations
and quantities of gas components in oil-immersed power
transformer can lead to malfunction of transformer or worse,
failure of the transformer.
F. Dielectric Response Analysis (Dirana) Test
Dielectric Response Analysis is conducted to obtain
information about moisture content in electrical insulation.
The test is similar to tan delta test but conducted in wide
frequency range.
(a)
III. TEST RESULTS
A. Main Transformer

(b)

Fig.1 (a) Main Transformer Under Test

(c)

Fig.2 LV Winding resistance test result (Main Transformer) Fig.3 Testing equipment (a) CPC 100 (b) DIRANA Tester
(c) IR Tester
 TABLE III
SHORT CIRCUIT TEST RESULT (MAIN TRANSFORMER)

Factory Test with W-Meter 3-Phase Measurement

SN Pk [kW] f [Hz] Tap UHV ULV [kV] uk [%] Uk [V]

[kVA] Position: [kV]
40000 34 50 1 174.4 11.8 8.3 144.8
Three Phase Equivalent Test CPC 100 Measurement

f [Hz] V1 AC [V] I AC [A] Z [Ω] Phi [°] R [Ω] X [Ω] L [mH]

A-N 50 123.714 0.947 62.8226 87.1 3.1803 62.7421 199.71
B-N 50 123.04 0.94 63.1961 87.84 2.3821 63.1511 201.02
C-N 50 122.752 0.944 62.6101 87.83 2.3743 62.5651 199.15
Average Impedance
f [Hz] uk [%] Z [Ω] Phi [°] R [Ω] X [Ω] xk [%] L [mH]
Factory Test 50 8.3 63.1119 89.41 0.6463 63.1086 8.3 200.88
Values:
Measured Values: 50 8.269 62.8751 87.59 2.6455 62.8194 8.262 199.96
Difference to Factory Test [%] -0.38 -0.38 -2.04 309.32 -0.46 -0.46 -0.46

TABLE IIIII
INSULATION TEST (IR) TEST RESULT (MAIN TRANSFORMER) TABLE IVV
DGA TEST RESULT (MAIN TRANSFORMER)
Connection IR (MΩ)
Parameter result Condition
HV - Gnd 785
(ppm) 1 2 3 4
LV - Gnd 530
H2 51 100 101-700 701-1800 >1800
CH4 0 120 121-400 401-1000 >1000
C2H6 2 65 66-100 101-150 >150
C2H4 0 50 51-100 101-200 >200
C2H2 0 35 36-50 51-80 >80
CO 541 350 351-570 571-1400 >1400
CO2 9386 2500 2500-4000 4001-10000 >10000
(TDCG) 592 720 721-1920 1921-4630 >4630

TABLE V
OIL CHARACTERISTIC TEST RESULT (MAIN TRANSFORMER)
Fig.4 tan delta test result (Main Transformer)
Parameter unit result IEC 60422 : 2005
Good Enough Poor
Breakdown
kV / 2,5mm 20,0 > 50 40 < 40
voltage
Moisture
mg / kg 30,0 <5 5 > 10
content
mg KOH /g
Acidity 0,096 < 0,10 0,10 > 0,2
Oil
Sediment % weight N.A. < 0,02

Fig.5 DIRANA test result (Main Transformer)

B. Auxiliary Transformer

Fig.6 Auxiliary Transformer Under Test

Fig.9 DIRANA test result (Aux Transformer)

TABLE VI TABLE VII

TTR TEST RESULT (AUX TRANSFORMER) INSULATION TEST (IR) TEST RESULT (AUX TRANSFORMER)
Phase Maximum deviation from nominal (%)
Connection IR (MΩ)
A 0.37
HV - Gnd 332
B 0.38
C 0.43 LV - Gnd 885

TABLE VIII
DGA TEST RESULT (AUX TRANSFORMER)

Parameter result Condition

(ppm) 1 2 3 4
H2 53 100 101-700 701-1800 >1800
CH4 0 120 121-400 401-1000 >1000
C2H6 0 65 66-100 101-150 >150
C2H4 0 50 51-100 101-200 >200
C2H2 0 35 36-50 51-80 >80
CO 537 350 351-570 571-1400 >1400
Fig.7 LV Winding resistance test result (Aux Transformer) CO2 7030 2500 2500-4000 4001-10000 >10000
(TDCG) 590 720 721-1920 1921-4630 >4630

TABLE IX
OIL CHARACTERISTIC TEST RESULT (AUX TRANSFORMER)
Parameter unit result IEC 60422 : 2005
Good Enough Poor
Breakdown kV /
25,0 > 50 40 < 40
voltage 2,5mm
Moisture
mg / kg 28,6 <5 5 > 10
content
mg
Acidity KOH /g 0,085 < 0,10 0,10 > 0,2
Oil
%
Sediment N.A. < 0,02
weight
Fig.8 tan delta test result (Aux Transformer)
 IV. CONCLUSIONS
The test results show that the paper and oil insulation of
both power transformers were very wet and need immediate
treatment such as purification. Condition of winding
resistance of main power transformer based on short circuit
test showed very significant increase value (300%) compare to
the previous commissioning data that mean also increasing
load losses significantly. Carbon dioxide content in oil
insulation of both power transformers is in dangerous
condition category according to IEEE Std C57.104.2008. Tan
delta test result of main power transformer show that average
tan delta increment exceeding VDE 0530. Total insulation
resistance of both power transformers is still in normal
condition range for large and medium power transformer.
REFERENCES
[1] P. Gill, Electrical Power Equipment Maintenance and Testing, 2nd
edition., CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. 2009.
[2] IEEE Std. C57.12.90. IEEE Standard Test Code for Liquid-Immersed
Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformer
[3] IEEE Std. C57.104.2008. IEEE Guide for the Interpretation of Gases
Generated in Oil-Immersed Transformer
[4] IEEE Std. 62-1995. IEEE Guide for Diagnostics Field Testing of
Electric Power Apparatus – Part 1: Oil Filled Power Transformer,
Regulators, and Reactor.
[5] VDE 0530 Part 1, Recommended Practice for the measurement of
power factor tip-up of electrical machinery stator coil insulation.