Timesaving TorsionDesign IA

TIME SAVING DESIGN AID Page 1 of 23
Torsion Design
The following example illustrates the design methods presented in the PCA book “Simplified Design -
Reinforced Concrete Buildings of Moderate Size and Height” third edition. Unless otherwise noted, all
referenced table, figure, and equation numbers are from that book.
Example Building
Below is a partial plan of a typical floor in a cast-in-place reinforced building. In this example, beam CD is
designed and detailed for the combined effects of flexure, shear, and torsion according to ACI 318-05.
Design Data
Materials
x Concrete: normal weight (150 pcf), f’c = 4,000 psi
x Mild reinforcing steel: Grade 60 (fy = 60,000 psi)
Loads
x Dead load of joists = 77 psf
Torsion Design
x Superimposed dead load = 30 psf

x Live load = 50 psf
Additional data
x Typical bay size = 24 × 32 ft (5 bays in N-S direction, 3 bays in E-W direction)
x Typical story height = 12 ft
Factored Torsional Moment Tu
Since beam CD is part of an indeterminate framing system in which redistribution of internal forces can
occur following torsional cracking, the maximum factored torsional moment Tu at the critical section
located at a distance d from the face of the support can be determined from the following:
2
⎛ Acp ⎞
Tu = φ4 fc' ⎜ ⎟
⎜ pcp ⎟
⎝ ⎠
This type of torsion is referred to as compatibility torsion, the magnitude of which is greater than the
factored torsional moment Tu, min below which torsional effects can be neglected, where
2
⎛ Acp ⎞
Tu,min = φ fc' ⎜ ⎟
⎜ pcp ⎟
⎝ ⎠
Since the beams and joists are cast monolithically, Acp and pcp for beam CD can include a portion of the
adjoining slab. The effective width be of the overhanging flange must conform to 13.2.4:
be = h − hf = 20.5 – 4.5 = 16.0 in. (governs)
= 4hf = 4 × 4 .5 = 18.0 in.
Acp = (20.5 ×24 ) + (16.0 × 4.5) = 564.0 in.2
pcp = 2(20.5 +24 +16.0 ) = 121 in.

2 3
Acp / p cp = 2,629 in.
The torsional properties of the beam ignoring the overhanging flange are the following:
Acp = (20.5 × 24 ) = 492 in.2
pcp = 2(20.5 + 24 ) = 89 in.

2 3
Acp / p cp = 2,720 in.3 > 2,629 in.
Therefore, ignore flange per 11.6.1.1.
Tu = 0.75 × 4 4,000 × 2,720 = 516,084 in.-lbs = 43.0 ft-kips
It is assumed that the torsional loading on beam CD is uniformly distributed along the span.
Torsion Design
Shear Forces and Bending Moments in Beam CD

⎡⎛ 20 .5 × 24 ⎞ ⎤
w D = ⎢⎜ × 150 ⎟ + (77 + 30 ) × (32 / 2 )⎥ / 1,000 = 2.2 kips/ft
⎣⎝ 144 ⎠ ⎦
wL = 50 × (32 / 2) / 1,000 = 0.8 kips/ft
wu = 1.2wD + 1.6w L = 3.9 kips/ft
This framing system satisfies the conditions for analysis by the coefficients of 8.3.3, as illustrated in
Figure 2-2. Thus, use Figures 2-3, 2-4, and 2-7 to determine the maximum positive moment, negative
moment, and shear force in an interior span:
2
⎛ 22 ⎞
2 3.9 × ⎜ 24 − ⎟
w l ⎝ 12 ⎠
Mu+ = u n = = 119.8 ft-kips
16 16
wu l n2 16
Mu− = = 119.8 × = 174.3 ft-kips
11 11
wu ln
Vu = = 43.2 kips
2
Adequacy of Cross-sectional Dimensions

For solid sections:
2 2
⎛ Vu ⎞ ⎛ Tp ⎞
⎜ ⎟ +⎜ u h ⎟ ≤ φ⎛⎜ Vc + 8 fc' ⎞⎟
⎜b d⎟ ⎜ 1.7A2 ⎟ ⎜b d ⎟
⎝ w ⎠ ⎝ oh ⎠ ⎝ w ⎠
Using an average d = 20.5 − 2.5 = 18.0 in., the factored shear force at the critical section located at
a distance d from the face of the support is Vu = 37.4 kips. Also, the nominal shear strength provided by
the concrete is Vc = 2 fc' bw d .
Assuming a 1.5-in. clear cover to No. 4 closed stirrups:
Aoh = [20.5 − (2 × 1.5) − 0.5] × [24 − (2 × 1.5) − 0.5] = 348.5 in.2
ph = 2 × { [20.5 − (2 × 1.5 ) − 0.5] + [24 − (2 × 1.5 ) − 0.5] } = 75 in.
Therefore,
2 2
⎛ 37,400 ⎞ ⎛ 43 .0 × 12,000 × 75 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟ = 207 psi < 0.75 × (2 + 8 ) 4,000 = 474 psi , OK.
⎝ 24 × 18 ⎠ ⎝ 1.7 × 348 .5 2 ⎠
Transverse Reinforcement Required for Torsion

At Tu
=
s φ 2Ao fyv cot θ
Torsion Design
where Ao = 0.85 Ao h = 0.85 × 348.5 = 296.2 in.2
θ = 45 °
Therefore,
At 43.0 × 12,000 in.2 / in.

= = 0.019
s 0.75 × 2 × 296.2 × 60,000 × cot 45° leg
Transverse Reinforcement Required for Shear
= =
(
Av Vu − φVc 37,400 − 0.75 × 2 4000 × 24 × 18
=
)
37, 400 − 40,983
<0
s φfyv d 0.75 × 60,000 × 18 0.75 × 60,000 × 18
No transverse reinforcement for shear is required because Vu < φVc . However, since Vu > 0.5φVc ,
minimum area of transverse reinforcement shall be provided per ACI 11.5.6.1.
Total Required Transverse Reinforcement

For 4,000-psi concrete, minimum transverse reinforcement for shear and torsion
' bw 24
= 0.75 fc = 0.75 4,000 = 0.019 in.2/in.
fyv 60,000
= 50bw / fyv = 50 × 24 / 60,000 = 0.020 in.2/in. (governs)
Required transverse reinforcement
Av A in.2 / in.
+ 2 t = 0 + 2legs × 0.019 = 0.038 in.2/in. > 0.020 in.2/in. OK.
s s leg
Maximum spacing of transverse reinforcement

= ph / 8 = 75 / 8 = 9.4 in. < 12.0 in.
= d / 2 = 18 / 2 = 9.0 in. (governs)
Assuming No. 4 closed stirrups (area per leg = 0.2 in.2), the required spacing s at the critical section =
0.2/0.019 = 10.5 in. < 9.0 in.
Provide No. 4 closed stirrups spaced at 9 in. on center at the critical section. In view of the shear and
torsion distribution along the span length, this same reinforcement and spacing can be provided from the
face of the support to a distance bt + d = 24 + 18 = 42 in. = 3.5 ft past the location where it is no longer
required.
Longitudinal Reinforcement Required for Torsion
⎛ A ⎞ ⎛ fyv ⎞
⎟ cot 2 θ = 0.019 × 75 × ⎛⎜ 60 ⎞⎟ × cot 2 45 ° = 1.43 in.2
Al = ⎜ t ⎟ph ⎜
⎝ s ⎠ ⎜⎝ fyl ⎟
⎠ ⎝ 60 ⎠
Torsion Design
Minimum longitudinal reinforcement:
5 fc' Acp ⎛A ⎞ fyv

Al ,min = −⎜ t ⎟ph
fyl ⎝ s ⎠ fyl
where At / s = 0.019 in.2/in. > 25bw / fyv = 25 × 24 / 60,000 = 0.010 in.2/in.
5 4,000 × 492 ⎛ 60 ⎞ 2 2
Al ,min = − ⎜ 0.019 × 75 × ⎟ = 1.17 in. < Al = 1.43in.
60,000 ⎝ 60 ⎠
Use A l = 1.43 in.2
Longitudinal Reinforcement Required for Flexure

The required As is given in the table below, assuming rectangular section behavior and an average
d = 18 in.
Required Longitudinal Reinforcement for Flexure
Location Mu As = Mu / 4d
(ft-kips) (in.2)
Support 174.3 2.42
Midspan 119.8 1.66
Total Required Longitudinal Reinforcement

The longitudinal reinforcement that is required for torsion will be combined with the longitudinal
reinforcement that is required for flexure.
The longitudinal torsional reinforcement must be distributed around the perimeter of the section with
a maximum spacing of 12 in. In order to have a uniform distribution of reinforcement around the
perimeter, assign approximately one-quarter of A l (= 0 .25 × 1 .43 = 0.36 in.2) to each face.
Use 1-No. 5 bar on each side (area = 0.31 in.2 ≅ 0.36 in.2, bar diameter = 0.625 in. > 0.042 s = 0.38 in.).
This bar distribution satisfies the maximum spacing requirement, since the spacing ≅ (20.5 – 3 – 1)/2 =
8.25 in. < 12 in. Distribute the remaining steel required for torsion evenly between the top and bottom of
the section; thus, 0.5[1.43 – (2 × 0.31)] = 0.41 in.2 will be added to the area of steel that is required for
flexure at both the top and bottom of the section.
x Face of support
Total top steel required = 2.42 + 0.41 = 2.83 in.2
For 4000-psi concrete, minimum As = 200bw d / fy = 1.44 in.2
Provide 3-No. 9 bars ( As = 3.00 in.2) at top of section. This satisfies both minimum and maximum spacing
requirements for bars in a single layer (see Tables 3-2 and 3-3).
Torsion Design
x Midspan
Total bottom steel required = 1.66 + 0.41 = 2.07 in.2
Provide 3-No. 8 bars ( As = 2.37 in.2) at bottom of section. This satisfies both minimum and maximum
spacing requirements for bars in a single layer (see Tables 3-2 and 3-3).
It can be shown that the section is tensioned-controlled.
Reinforcement Details
According to the provisions for structural integrity in 7.13, at least one-sixth of the tension
reinforcement required for negative moment at the support, but not less than 2 bars, and one-quarter of
the positive moment reinforcement at midspan, but not less than 2 bars, must be continuous and tied
with closed stirrups having not less than 135-deg hooks around the continuous top bars. Thus, at least 2
of the 3-No. 9 top bars must be made continuous or spliced with a Class A splice or a mechanical or
welded splice satisfying 12.14.3 at midspan, and at least 2 of the 3-No. 8 bottom bars must be made
continuous or spliced with a Class A splice or a mechanical or welded splice satisfying 12.14.3 over the
supports. No. 4 closed stirrups spaced at 9 in. on center can also be used wherever torsion and shear
reinforcement is not required.
One of the 3-No. 9 bars at the top of the section can be theoretically cutoff at the location where the
factored bending moment is equal to the design moment strength of the section based on a total area of
steel equal to the area of 2-No. 9 bars ( As = 2.00 in.2) minus the area of steel that is required for
torsion (0.41 in.2). Thus, with As = 2.00 – 0.41 = 1.59 in.2, φMn = 125 ft-kips. The distance x from the
face of the support to where the factored bending moment Mu = 125 ft-kips is obtained by summing
moments about the section at this location:
3.9 2
x − 43.2x + 174.3 = 125
2
Solution of this equation gives x = 1.2 ft. The 1-No. 9 bar must extend a distance d = 18 in. or 12 db =
12 × 1 .128 = 13.5 in. beyond the distance x. Thus, from the face of the support, the total bar length must
be at least equal to 1.2 + (18/12) = 2.7 ft. Also, the bars must extend a full development length l d beyond
the face of the support. The development length for the No. 9 bar can be determined as follows:
⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎟
3 fy αβγλ ⎟
ld =⎜ db
⎜ 40 ⎛ c +K ⎞ ⎟
⎜ fc' ⎜ tr ⎟⎟
⎜ ⎜ db ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎠⎠
where α = reinforcement location factor = 1.3

β = coating factor = 1.0
γ = reinforcement size factor = 1.0
λ = lightweight aggregate concrete factor = 1.0

Torsion Design
⎧1.128
⎪ 2 + 0.5 + 1.5 = 2.6 in. (governs )
c = spacing or cover dimension = ⎪⎨
⎪ 24 − 2(1.5 + 0.5 ) − 1.128
⎪ = 4.7in.
⎩ 2×2
Ktr = transverse reinforcement index
= 0 (conservative)
c + Ktr 2.6 + 0
= = 2.3 < 2.5
db 1.128
Therefore,
⎛ 3 60,000 1.3 × 1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0 ⎞

l d = ⎜⎜ ⎟ 1.128 = 45.4 in. = 3.8 ft > 2.7 ft
⎟
⎝ 40 4,000 2.3 ⎠
Thus, the total required length of the 1-No. 9 bar must extend at least 3.8 ft beyond the face of the
support.
The positive reinforcing bar cutoff location is determined in a similar manner. Assuming that 1 of the 3-
No. 8 bars will be terminated, the positive moment strength with an area of steel As equal to (2 × 0.79) –
0.41 = 1.17 in.2 is φMn = 93 ft-kips. The distance from the centerline of the span to the location where
the factored moment Mu = 93 ft-kips is 3.7 ft. Thus, the bar length on each side of the span centerline
must be at least equal to 3.7 + (18/12) = 5.2 ft, which is greater than the development length l d = 2.4 ft
(conservatively assuming Ktr = 0).
The following figure shows the reinforcement details for beam CD.
For comparison, output form pcaBeam program is also included on the following pages.
Torsion Design
Torsion Design
Y
Z
pcaBeam v2.00. Licensed to: PCA. License ID: 12345-1234567-4-2D2DE-2C8D0
File: C:\Data\Time Saving Design Aid\Torsion example.slb
Project: Torsion Example
Frame: Exterior Engineer: DAF

Torsion Design
CASE: EQ
CASE: Wind
800 800 800 800 800
CASE: Live
1712 1712 1712 1712 1712
35.83 35.83 35.83 35.83 35.83
CASE: Dead
512.5 512.5 512.5 512.5 512.5
CASE: SELF

Torsion Design
700.0
601.94 601.94 601.94 601.94 601.94
Torsion Diagram - k-ft
-601.94 -601.94 -601.94 -601.94 -601.94

-700.0
50.0 45.99 48.09 47.98 47.88 49.43
Shear Diagram - kip
LEGEND:
Envelope
-50.0 -49.43 -47.88 -47.98 -48.09 -45.99
-250.0
-204.87-196.15 -193.56-194.23 -194.23-193.56 -196.15-204.87
Moment Diagram - k-ft
-160.62 -160.62
107.14 99.63 100.39 99.63 107.14
250.0

Torsion Design
Beam Shear and Torsion Capacity: Stirrup Intensity - in^2/in
0.05
0.039 0.039 0.039 0.039 0.039

0.039 0.039 0.039 0.039 0.039
1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
LEGEND:
Demand - (Av+2At)/s
Demand - At/s
Demand - Av/s
Demand - Al
Provided - (Av+2At)/s
Provided - Al
Support Centerline
Face of Support
7.0 Critical Section
Beam Shear and Torsion Capacit y: Longitudinal Bar Area - in^2

Torsion Design
32-#4@8.4 32-#4@8.4 32-#4@8.4 32-#4@8.4 32-#4@8.4
Transverse Reinforcement

Frame: Exterior
Torsion Design

TIME SAVING DESIGN AID
1-#9(34.5)
2-#9(70.8)
2-#8(288.0)c
1-#8(36.0)
2-#9(85.7)
1-#9(42.9)
1-#9(41.4)

2-#8(288.0)c 2-#9(85.7)
1-#8(36.0)
2-#9(85.7)
1-#9(40.9)
1-#9(41.0)
2-#8(288.0)c 2-#9(85.7)

1-#8(36.0)
2-#9(85.7)
1-#9(41.0)
1-#9(40.9)
2-#8(288.0)c 2-#9(85.7)
1-#8(36.0)
Engineer: DAF
2-#9(85.7)
1-#9(41.4)
1-#9(42.9)
2-#8(288.0)c 2-#9(85.7)
1-#8(36.0)
2-#9(70.8)
1-#9(34.5)
Flexural Reinforcement
Page 14 of 23
Torsion Design
pcaBeam v2.00 © Portland Cement Association 05-03-2007, 09:33:38 AM

Licensed to: PCA, License ID: 12345-1234567-4-2D2DE-2C8D0
C:\Data\Time Saving Design Aid\Torsion example.slb Page 1
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=============================================================================
pcaBeam v2.00 (TM)
A Computer Program for Analysis, Design, and Investigation of
Reinforced Concrete Beams and One-way Slab Systems
=============================================================================
Copyright © 1992-2006, Portland Cement Association
All rights reserved
Licensee stated above acknowledges that Portland Cement Association

(PCA) is not and cannot be responsible for either the accuracy or
adequacy of the material supplied as input for processing by the
pcaBeam computer program. Furthermore, PCA neither makes any warranty
expressed nor implied with respect to the correctness of the output
prepared by the pcaBeam program. Although PCA has endeavored to
produce pcaBeam error free the program is not and cannot be certified
infallible. The final and only responsibility for analysis, design and
engineering documents is the licensees. Accordingly, PCA disclaims all
responsibility in contract, negligence or other tort for any analysis,
design or engineering documents prepared in connection with the use of
the pcaBeam program.
=============================================================================================
[1] INPUT ECHO
=============================================================================================
General Information:
====================
File name: C:\Data\Time Saving Design Aid\Torsion example.slb
Frame: Exterior
Engineer: DAF
Code: ACI 318-02
Reinforcement Database: ASTM A615
Mode: Design
Number of supports = 6
Floor System: One-Way/Beam
Live load pattern ratio = 100%

Deflections are based on cracked section properties.
In negative moment regions, Ig and Mcr DO NOT include flange/slab contribution (if available)
Long-term deflections are calculated for load duration of 60 months.
0% of live load is sustained.
Compression reinforcement calculations NOT selected.
Moment redistribution NOT selected.
Effective flange width calculations selected.
Rigid beam-column joint NOT selected.
Torsion analysis and design selected.
Stirrups in flanges (if available) NOT selected.
Compatibility torsion selected.
Material Properties:
====================
Slabs|Beams Columns
------------ ------------
wc = 150 150 lb/ft3
f'c = 4 4 ksi
Ec = 3834.3 3834.3 ksi
fr = 0.47434 0.47434 ksi
fy = 60 ksi, Bars are not epoxy-coated

fyv = 60 ksi
Es = 29000 ksi
Torsion Design

Reinforcement Database:
===============
Units: Db (in), Ab (in^2), Wb (lb/ft)
Size Db Ab Wb Size Db Ab Wb
---- -------- -------- -------- ---- -------- -------- --------
#3 0.38 0.11 0.38 #4 0.50 0.20 0.67
#5 0.63 0.31 1.04 #6 0.75 0.44 1.50
#7 0.88 0.60 2.04 #8 1.00 0.79 2.67
#9 1.13 1.00 3.40 #10 1.27 1.27 4.30
#11 1.41 1.56 5.31 #14 1.69 2.25 7.65
#18 2.26 4.00 13.60
Span Data:
==========
Slabs: L1, wL, wR (ft); t, bEff, Hmin (in)
Span Loc L1 t wL wR bEff Hmin
---- ---- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
1 Int 24.000 0.00 1.000 1.000 24.00 0.00
2 Int 24.000 0.00 1.000 1.000 24.00 0.00
3 Int 24.000 0.00 1.000 1.000 24.00 0.00
4 Int 24.000 0.00 1.000 1.000 24.00 0.00
5 Int 24.000 0.00 1.000 1.000 24.00 0.00
Ribs and Longitudinal Beams: b, h, Sp (in)

__________Ribs____________ _______Beams_____ __Span__
Span b h Sp b h Hmin
---- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
1 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.00 20.50 15.57
2 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.00 20.50 13.71
3 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.00 20.50 13.71
4 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.00 20.50 13.71
5 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.00 20.50 15.57
Support Data:
=============
Columns: c1a, c2a, c1b, c2b (in); Ha, Hb (ft)
Supp c1a c2a Ha c1b c2b Hb Red%
---- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ----
1 22.00 22.00 12.000 22.00 22.00 12.000 100
2 22.00 22.00 12.000 22.00 22.00 12.000 100
3 22.00 22.00 12.000 22.00 22.00 12.000 100
4 22.00 22.00 12.000 22.00 22.00 12.000 100
5 22.00 22.00 12.000 22.00 22.00 12.000 100
6 22.00 22.00 12.000 22.00 22.00 12.000 100
Boundary Conditions: Kz (kip/in); Kry (kip-in/rad)

Supp Spring Kz Spring Kry Far End A Far End B
---- ------------ ------------ --------- ---------
1 0 0 Fixed Fixed
2 0 0 Fixed Fixed
3 0 0 Fixed Fixed
4 0 0 Fixed Fixed
5 0 0 Fixed Fixed
6 0 0 Fixed Fixed
Load Data:
==========
Load Cases and Combinations:
Case SELF Dead Live Wind EQ
Type DEAD DEAD LIVE LATERAL LATERAL
U1 1.400 1.400 0.000 0.000 0.000
U2 1.200 1.200 1.600 0.000 0.000
U3 1.200 1.200 1.600 0.800 0.000
U4 1.200 1.200 1.600 -0.800 0.000
U5 1.200 1.200 1.000 1.600 0.000
U6 1.200 1.200 1.000 -1.600 0.000
U7 0.900 0.900 0.000 1.600 0.000
U8 0.900 0.900 0.000 -1.600 0.000
U9 1.200 1.200 1.000 0.000 1.000
U10 1.200 1.200 1.000 0.000 -1.000
U11 0.900 0.900 0.000 0.000 1.000
U12 0.900 0.900 0.000 0.000 -1.000
Span Loads:
Span Case Wa La Wb Lb
---- -------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Line Loads - Wa | Wb (lb/ft), La | Lb (ft):
1 Dead 1712 0 1712 24
2 Dead 1712 0 1712 24
3 Dead 1712 0 1712 24
4 Dead 1712 0 1712 24
5 Dead 1712 0 1712 24
1 Live 800 0 800 24
2 Live 800 0 800 24
3 Live 800 0 800 24
4 Live 800 0 800 24
5 Live 800 0 800 24
Torsion Design

Line Torque - Wa | Wb (k-ft/ft), La | Lb (ft):

1 Dead 35.83 0 35.83 24
2 Dead 35.83 0 35.83 24
3 Dead 35.83 0 35.83 24
4 Dead 35.83 0 35.83 24
5 Dead 35.83 0 35.83 24
Support Loads: --- NONE ---
Support Displacements: --- NONE ---
Lateral Load Effects - M (k-ft):

Span Case Mleft Mright
---- -------- ------------ ------------
1 EQ 0 0
2 EQ 0 0
3 EQ 0 0
4 EQ 0 0
5 EQ 0 0
6 EQ 0 0
1 Wind 0 0
2 Wind 0 0
3 Wind 0 0
4 Wind 0 0
5 Wind 0 0
Reinforcement Criteria:
=======================
_____Top bars___ ___Bottom bars__ ____Stirrups____
Min Max Min Max Min Max
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Slabs and Ribs:
Bar Size #5 #8 #5 #8
Bar spacing 1.00 18.00 1.00 18.00 in
Reinf ratio 0.14 5.00 0.14 5.00 %
Cover 1.50 1.50 in
Top bars have 12 in of concrete below them.
Beams:
Bar Size #9 #9 #8 #8 #4 #4
Bar spacing 1.00 18.00 1.00 18.00 6.00 18.00 in
Reinf ratio 0.14 5.00 0.14 5.00 %
Cover 2.00 2.00 in
Side cover 1.50 1.50 in
Layer dist. 1.00 1.00 in
No. of legs 2 6
Top bars have 12 in of concrete below them.
=============================================================================================
[2] DESIGN RESULTS
=============================================================================================
Top Reinforcement:
==================
Units: Width (ft), Mmax (k-ft), Xmax (ft), As (in^2), Sp (in)
Span Zone Width Mmax Xmax AsMin AsMax SpReq AsReq Bars
---- ------ -------- ------------ -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------
1 Left 2.00 120.12 0.917 1.435 7.775 9.308 1.537 3-#9 *5
Middle 2.00 0.00 12.000 0.000 7.775 0.000 0.000 ---
Right 2.00 161.22 23.083 1.435 7.775 9.308 2.087 3-#9
2 Left 2.00 153.72 0.917 1.435 7.775 9.308 1.985 3-#9 *5

Middle 2.00 0.00 12.000 0.000 7.775 0.000 0.000 ---
Right 2.00 151.32 23.083 1.435 7.775 9.308 1.953 3-#9 *5
3 Left 2.00 151.90 0.917 1.435 7.775 9.308 1.961 3-#9 *5

Middle 2.00 0.00 12.000 0.000 7.775 0.000 0.000 ---
Right 2.00 151.90 23.083 1.435 7.775 9.308 1.961 3-#9 *5
4 Left 2.00 151.32 0.917 1.435 7.775 9.308 1.953 3-#9 *5

Middle 2.00 0.00 12.000 0.000 7.775 0.000 0.000 ---
Right 2.00 153.72 23.083 1.435 7.775 9.308 1.985 3-#9 *5
5 Left 2.00 161.22 0.917 1.435 7.775 9.308 2.087 3-#9

Middle 2.00 0.00 12.000 0.000 7.775 0.000 0.000 ---
Right 2.00 120.11 23.083 1.435 7.775 9.308 1.537 3-#9 *5
NOTES:
*5 - Number of bars governed by maximum allowable spacing.
Top Bar Details:

================
Units: Length (ft)
_____________Left______________ ___Continuous__ _____________Right_____________
Span Bars Length Bars Length Bars Length Bars Length Bars Length
---- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
1 2-#9 5.90 1-#9 2.88 --- 2-#9 7.14 1-#9 3.58
Torsion Design

2 2-#9 7.14 1-#9 3.45 --- 2-#9 7.14 1-#9 3.41
3 2-#9 7.14 1-#9 3.42 --- 2-#9 7.14 1-#9 3.42
4 2-#9 7.14 1-#9 3.41 --- 2-#9 7.14 1-#9 3.45
5 2-#9 7.14 1-#9 3.58 --- 2-#9 5.90 1-#9 2.88
Bottom Reinforcement:
=====================
Units: Width (ft), Mmax (k-ft), Xmax (ft), As (in^2), Sp (in)
Span Width Mmax Xmax AsMin AsMax SpReq AsReq Bars
---- -------- ------------ -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------
1 2.00 107.14 11.626 1.440 7.803 9.354 1.361 3-#8 *5
2 2.00 99.63 12.125 1.440 7.803 9.354 1.263 3-#8 *5
3 2.00 100.39 11.875 1.440 7.803 9.354 1.272 3-#8 *5
4 2.00 99.63 11.875 1.440 7.803 9.354 1.263 3-#8 *5
5 2.00 107.14 12.374 1.440 7.803 9.354 1.361 3-#8 *5

NOTES:
*5 - Number of bars governed by maximum allowable spacing.
Bottom Bar Details:

===================
Units: Start (ft), Length (ft)
_______Long Bars_______ ______Short Bars_______
Span Bars Start Length Bars Start Length
---- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
1 2-#8 0.00 24.00 1-#8 10.13 3.00
2 2-#8 0.00 24.00 1-#8 10.62 3.00
3 2-#8 0.00 24.00 1-#8 10.37 3.00
4 2-#8 0.00 24.00 1-#8 10.37 3.00
5 2-#8 0.00 24.00 1-#8 10.87 3.00
Flexural Capacity:
==================
Units: x (ft), As (in^2), PhiMn (k-ft)
Span x AsTop AsBot PhiMn- PhiMn+
---- --------- ----- ----- ------------ ------------
1 0.000 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
0.917 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
0.918 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
2.877 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
3.939 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
5.898 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
8.675 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
10.125 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
11.487 0.00 2.37 0.00 182.68
11.766 0.00 2.37 0.00 182.68
12.000 0.00 2.23 0.00 172.71
13.127 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
15.325 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
16.856 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
19.517 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
20.422 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
23.082 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
23.083 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
24.000 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
2 0.000 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85

0.917 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
0.918 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
3.449 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
4.612 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
7.144 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
8.675 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
10.624 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
11.887 0.00 2.37 0.00 182.68
12.000 0.00 2.37 0.00 182.68
12.362 0.00 2.37 0.00 182.68
13.626 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
15.325 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
16.856 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
19.347 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
20.592 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
23.082 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
23.083 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
24.000 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
Torsion Design

3 0.000 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85

0.917 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
0.918 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
3.418 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
4.643 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
7.144 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
8.675 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
10.374 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
11.648 0.00 2.37 0.00 182.68
12.000 0.00 2.37 0.00 182.68
12.103 0.00 2.37 0.00 182.68
13.376 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
15.325 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
16.856 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
19.357 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
20.582 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
23.082 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
23.083 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
24.000 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
4 0.000 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85

0.917 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
0.918 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
3.408 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
4.653 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
7.144 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
8.675 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
10.374 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
11.638 0.00 2.37 0.00 182.68
12.000 0.00 2.37 0.00 182.68
12.113 0.00 2.37 0.00 182.68
13.376 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
15.325 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
16.856 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
19.388 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
20.551 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
23.082 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
23.083 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
24.000 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
5 0.000 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85

0.917 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
0.918 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
3.578 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
4.483 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
7.144 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
8.675 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
10.873 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
12.000 0.00 2.23 0.00 172.71
12.234 0.00 2.37 0.00 182.68
12.513 0.00 2.37 0.00 182.68
13.875 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
15.325 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
18.102 0.00 1.58 0.00 123.85
20.061 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
21.123 2.00 1.58 -154.81 123.85
23.082 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
23.083 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
24.000 3.00 1.58 -227.25 123.85
Longitudinal Beam Shear And Torsion Reinforcement Required:

===========================================================
Section properties:
Units: d, pcp, pch (in), Acp, Ach, Ao (in^2)
PhiVc (kip), PhiTcr (k-ft), PhiSvt (ksi)
Span d pcp ph Acp Aoh Ao PhiVc PhiTcr PhiSvt
---- -------- -------- -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- -------- --------
1 17.94 89.00 75.00 492.000 348.500 296.225 40.84 43.00 0.474
2 17.94 89.00 75.00 492.000 348.500 296.225 40.84 43.00 0.474
3 17.94 89.00 75.00 492.000 348.500 296.225 40.84 43.00 0.474
4 17.94 89.00 75.00 492.000 348.500 296.225 40.84 43.00 0.474
5 17.94 89.00 75.00 492.000 348.500 296.225 40.84 43.00 0.474
Required transverse reinforcement:

Units: Start, End, Xu (ft), Vu (kip), Tu (k-ft), vf (ksi)
Av/s, Av/s, A(v+2t)/s (in^2/in)
Span Start End Vu Tu vf Xu Case/Patt Av/s At/s A(v+2t)/s
---- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- ---------
1 2.411 5.151 28.29 43.00 0.199 2.41 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
5.151 7.891 19.76 43.00 0.193 5.15 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
7.891 10.630 11.23 43.00 0.189 7.89 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
10.630 13.370 5.84 43.00 0.188 13.37 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4 *5
13.370 16.109 14.37 43.00 0.190 16.11 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
16.109 18.849 22.90 43.00 0.195 18.85 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
18.849 21.589 31.43 43.00 0.201 21.59 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
2 2.411 5.151 29.98 43.00 0.200 2.41 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
Torsion Design

5.151 7.891 21.45 43.00 0.194 5.15 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
7.891 10.630 12.92 43.00 0.190 7.89 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
10.630 13.370 4.39 43.00 0.188 10.63 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4 *5
13.370 16.109 12.68 43.00 0.190 16.11 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
16.109 18.849 21.21 43.00 0.194 18.85 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
18.849 21.589 29.74 43.00 0.200 21.59 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
3 2.411 5.151 29.86 43.00 0.200 2.41 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
5.151 7.891 21.33 43.00 0.194 5.15 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
7.891 10.630 12.80 43.00 0.190 7.89 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
10.630 13.370 4.27 43.00 0.188 10.63 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4 *5
13.370 16.109 12.80 43.00 0.190 16.11 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
16.109 18.849 21.33 43.00 0.194 18.85 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
18.849 21.589 29.86 43.00 0.200 21.59 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
4 2.411 5.151 29.74 43.00 0.200 2.41 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
5.151 7.891 21.21 43.00 0.194 5.15 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
7.891 10.630 12.68 43.00 0.190 7.89 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
10.630 13.370 4.39 43.00 0.188 13.37 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4 *5
13.370 16.109 12.92 43.00 0.190 16.11 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
16.109 18.849 21.45 43.00 0.194 18.85 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
18.849 21.589 29.98 43.00 0.200 21.59 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
5 2.411 5.151 31.43 43.00 0.201 2.41 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
5.151 7.891 22.90 43.00 0.195 5.15 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
7.891 10.630 14.37 43.00 0.190 7.89 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
10.630 13.370 5.84 43.00 0.188 10.63 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4 *5
13.370 16.109 11.23 43.00 0.189 16.11 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
16.109 18.849 19.76 43.00 0.193 18.85 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
18.849 21.589 28.29 43.00 0.199 21.59 U1/All 0.0000 0.0194 0.0387 *4
NOTES:
*4 - Design torsional moment reduced to PhiTcr due to compatibility torsion.
*5 - Minimum transverse (stirrup) reinforcement required.
Required longitudinal reinforcement:

Units: Start, End, Xu (ft), Tu (k-ft), Al (in^2)
Span Start End Tu Xu Case/Patt Al
---- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------- --------
1 2.411 5.151 43.00 2.41 U1/All 1.452 *4
5.151 7.891 43.00 5.15 U1/All 1.452 *4
7.891 10.630 43.00 7.89 U1/All 1.452 *4
10.630 13.370 18.74 11.63 U1/All 1.843 *4 *5
13.370 16.109 43.00 13.37 U1/All 1.452 *4
16.109 18.849 43.00 16.11 U1/All 1.452 *4
18.849 21.589 43.00 18.85 U1/All 1.452 *4
2 2.411 5.151 43.00 2.41 U1/All 1.452 *4

5.151 7.891 43.00 5.15 U1/All 1.452 *4
7.891 10.630 43.00 7.89 U1/All 1.452 *4
10.630 13.370 18.74 11.63 U1/All 1.843 *4 *5
13.370 16.109 43.00 13.37 U1/All 1.452 *4
16.109 18.849 43.00 16.11 U1/All 1.452 *4
18.849 21.589 43.00 18.85 U1/All 1.452 *4
3 2.411 5.151 43.00 2.41 U1/All 1.452 *4

5.151 7.891 43.00 5.15 U1/All 1.452 *4
7.891 10.630 43.00 7.89 U1/All 1.452 *4
10.630 13.370 18.74 11.63 U1/All 1.843 *4 *5
13.370 16.109 43.00 13.37 U1/All 1.452 *4
16.109 18.849 43.00 16.11 U1/All 1.452 *4
18.849 21.589 43.00 18.85 U1/All 1.452 *4
4 2.411 5.151 43.00 2.41 U1/All 1.452 *4

5.151 7.891 43.00 5.15 U1/All 1.452 *4
7.891 10.630 43.00 7.89 U1/All 1.452 *4
10.630 13.370 18.74 11.63 U1/All 1.843 *4 *5
13.370 16.109 43.00 13.37 U1/All 1.452 *4
16.109 18.849 43.00 16.11 U1/All 1.452 *4
18.849 21.589 43.00 18.85 U1/All 1.452 *4
5 2.411 5.151 43.00 2.41 U1/All 1.452 *4

5.151 7.891 43.00 5.15 U1/All 1.452 *4
7.891 10.630 43.00 7.89 U1/All 1.452 *4
10.630 13.370 18.74 11.63 U1/All 1.843 *4 *5
13.370 16.109 43.00 13.37 U1/All 1.452 *4
16.109 18.849 43.00 16.11 U1/All 1.452 *4
18.849 21.589 43.00 18.85 U1/All 1.452 *4
NOTES:
*5 - Minimum longitudinal reinforcement required.
Longitudinal Beam Shear Reinforcement Details:

==============================================
Units: spacing & distance (in).
Span Size Stirrups (2 legs each unless otherwise noted)
---- ---- ---------------------------------------------
1 #4 32 @ 8.4
Torsion Design

2 #4 32 @ 8.4
3 #4 32 @ 8.4
4 #4 32 @ 8.4
5 #4 32 @ 8.4
Longitudinal Torsional Reinforcement Details:

==============================================
Units: Start (ft), Length (ft)
_______Long Bars_______ ______Short Bars_______
Span Bars Start Length Bars Start Length
---- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
1 --- 8-#8 0.00 13.00
--- 8-#8 11.00 13.00
2 --- 8-#8 0.00 13.00
--- 8-#8 11.00 13.00
3 --- 8-#8 0.00 13.00
--- 8-#8 11.00 13.00
4 --- 8-#8 0.00 13.00
--- 8-#8 11.00 13.00
5 --- 8-#8 0.00 13.00
--- 8-#8 11.00 13.00
Beam Shear And Torsion Capacity:

================================
Section properties:
Units: d, pcp, pch (in), Acp, Ach, Ao (in^2)
PhiVc (kip), PhiTcr (k-ft), PhiSvt (ksi)
Span d pcp ph Acp Aoh Ao PhiVc PhiTcr PhiSvt
---- -------- -------- -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- -------- --------
1 17.94 89.00 75.00 492.000 348.500 296.225 40.84 43.00 0.474
2 17.94 89.00 75.00 492.000 348.500 296.225 40.84 43.00 0.474
3 17.94 89.00 75.00 492.000 348.500 296.225 40.84 43.00 0.474
4 17.94 89.00 75.00 492.000 348.500 296.225 40.84 43.00 0.474
5 17.94 89.00 75.00 492.000 348.500 296.225 40.84 43.00 0.474
Beam shear and torsion transverse reinforcement capacity in terms of provided and required area:
Units: Start, End, Xu (ft), Sp (in), A(v+2t)/s (in^2/in)
Vu (kip), Tu (k-ft), vf (ksi)
___________________Provided__________________ _______________________Required________________________
Span Start End A(v+2t) Sp A(v+2t)/s Xu Vu Tu Case/Patt vf A(v+2t)/s
---- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------- ---------
1 0.000 1.167 ----- ----- ------ 0.00 45.40 43.00 U2/All 0.22 0.0444 *4
1.167 11.875 0.400 8.39 0.0477 2.41 28.29 43.00 U1/All 0.20 0.0387 *4 *5
11.875 12.125 0.400 8.39 0.0477 12.12 1.96 6.25 U1/All 0.03 0.0000 *2
12.125 22.833 0.400 8.39 0.0477 21.59 31.43 43.00 U1/All 0.20 0.0387 *4 *5
22.833 24.000 ----- ----- ------ 24.00 49.38 43.00 U2/All 0.22 0.0493 *4
2 0.000 1.167 ----- ----- ------ 0.00 47.55 43.00 U2/All 0.22 0.0470 *4
1.167 11.875 0.400 8.39 0.0477 2.41 29.98 43.00 U1/All 0.20 0.0387 *4 *5
11.875 12.125 0.400 8.39 0.0477 11.88 0.51 6.25 U1/All 0.03 0.0000 *2
12.125 22.833 0.400 8.39 0.0477 21.59 29.74 43.00 U1/All 0.20 0.0387 *4 *5
22.833 24.000 ----- ----- ------ 24.00 47.24 43.00 U2/All 0.22 0.0466 *4
3 0.000 1.167 ----- ----- ------ 0.00 47.39 43.00 U2/All 0.22 0.0468 *4
1.167 11.875 0.400 8.39 0.0477 2.41 29.86 43.00 U1/All 0.20 0.0387 *4 *5
11.875 12.125 0.400 8.39 0.0477 11.88 0.39 6.25 U1/All 0.03 0.0000 *2
12.125 22.833 0.400 8.39 0.0477 21.59 29.86 43.00 U1/All 0.20 0.0387 *4 *5
22.833 24.000 ----- ----- ------ 24.00 47.39 43.00 U2/All 0.22 0.0468 *4
4 0.000 1.167 ----- ----- ------ 0.00 47.24 43.00 U2/All 0.22 0.0466 *4
1.167 11.875 0.400 8.39 0.0477 2.41 29.74 43.00 U1/All 0.20 0.0387 *4 *5
11.875 12.125 0.400 8.39 0.0477 12.12 0.51 6.25 U1/All 0.03 0.0000 *2
12.125 22.833 0.400 8.39 0.0477 21.59 29.98 43.00 U1/All 0.20 0.0387 *4 *5
22.833 24.000 ----- ----- ------ 24.00 47.55 43.00 U2/All 0.22 0.0470 *4
5 0.000 1.167 ----- ----- ------ 0.00 49.38 43.00 U2/All 0.22 0.0493 *4
1.167 11.875 0.400 8.39 0.0477 2.41 31.43 43.00 U1/All 0.20 0.0387 *4 *5
11.875 12.125 0.400 8.39 0.0477 11.88 1.96 6.25 U1/All 0.03 0.0000 *2
12.125 22.833 0.400 8.39 0.0477 21.59 28.29 43.00 U1/All 0.20 0.0387 *4 *5
22.833 24.000 ----- ----- ------ 24.00 45.40 43.00 U2/All 0.22 0.0444 *4
NOTES:
*2 - Torsion ignored (Tu < PhiTcr/4).
*5 - Minimum transverse (stirrup) reinforcement required.
Beam torsion longitudinal reinforcement capacity in terms of provided and required area:
Units: Start, End, Xu (ft), Al (in^2), Tu (kip)
_________Provided_________ _____________Required_______________
Span Start End Al Xu Tu Case/Patt Al
---- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------- --------
1 0.000 1.167 ----- 0.00 43.00 U2/All 1.452 *4
1.167 11.875 6.320 11.63 18.74 U1/All 1.843 *4 *5
11.875 12.125 ----- 11.88 6.25 U1/All 0.000 *2
12.125 22.833 6.320 12.37 18.74 U1/All 1.843 *4 *5
22.833 24.000 ----- 22.83 43.00 U2/All 1.452 *4
2 0.000 1.167 ----- 0.00 43.00 U2/All 1.452 *4

Torsion Design

1.167 11.875 6.320 11.63 18.74 U1/All 1.843 *4 *5

11.875 12.125 ----- 11.88 6.25 U1/All 0.000 *2
12.125 22.833 6.320 12.37 18.74 U1/All 1.843 *4 *5
22.833 24.000 ----- 22.83 43.00 U2/All 1.452 *4
3 0.000 1.167 ----- 0.00 43.00 U2/All 1.452 *4

1.167 11.875 6.320 11.63 18.74 U1/All 1.843 *4 *5
11.875 12.125 ----- 11.88 6.25 U1/All 0.000 *2
12.125 22.833 6.320 12.37 18.74 U1/All 1.843 *4 *5
22.833 24.000 ----- 22.83 43.00 U2/All 1.452 *4
4 0.000 1.167 ----- 0.00 43.00 U2/All 1.452 *4

1.167 11.875 6.320 11.63 18.74 U1/All 1.843 *4 *5
11.875 12.125 ----- 11.88 6.25 U1/All 0.000 *2
12.125 22.833 6.320 12.37 18.74 U1/All 1.843 *4 *5
22.833 24.000 ----- 22.83 43.00 U2/All 1.452 *4
5 0.000 1.167 ----- 0.00 43.00 U2/All 1.452 *4

1.167 11.875 6.320 11.63 18.74 U1/All 1.843 *4 *5
11.875 12.125 ----- 11.88 6.25 U1/All 0.000 *2
12.125 22.833 6.320 12.37 18.74 U1/All 1.843 *4 *5
22.833 24.000 ----- 22.83 43.00 U2/All 1.452 *4
NOTES:
*2 - Torsion ignored (Tu < PhiTcr/4).
*5 - Minimum longitudinal reinforcement required.
Slab Shear Capacity:

====================
Units: b, d (in), Xu (ft), PhiVc, Vu(kip)
Span b d Vratio PhiVc Vu Xu
---- -------- -------- -------- ------------ ------------ ------------
1 --- Not checked ---
Deflections:
============
Section properties
------------------
Units: Ig, Icr, Ie (in^4), Mcr, Mmax (k-ft) ________________Load Level_______________
________Ie,avg_________ _________Dead_______ ______Dead+Live_____
Span Dead Dead+Live Zone Ig Icr Mcr Mmax Ie Mmax Ie
---- ----------- ----------- ------ ----------- ----------- -------- -------- ----------- -------- -----------
1 15725 10689 Middle 17230 3996 66.45 58.89 17230 80.07 11560
Right 17230 4797 66.45 -115.00 7195 -156.35 5751
2 14389 11863 Left 17230 4797 66.45 -108.21 7675 -147.13 5942
Middle 17230 3996 66.45 52.98 17230 72.03 14386
Right 17230 4797 66.45 -106.15 7846 -144.33 6010
3 14401 11683 Left 17230 4797 66.45 -106.71 7798 -145.09 5991
Middle 17230 3996 66.45 53.43 17230 72.65 14122
Right 17230 4797 66.45 -106.71 7798 -145.09 5991
4 14389 11863 Left 17230 4797 66.45 -106.15 7846 -144.33 6010
Middle 17230 3996 66.45 52.98 17230 72.03 14386
Right 17230 4797 66.45 -108.21 7675 -147.13 5942
5 15725 10689 Left 17230 4797 66.45 -115.00 7195 -156.35 5751
Middle 17230 3996 66.45 58.89 17230 80.07 11560
Maximum Instantaneous Deflections

---------------------------------
Units: D (in)
Span Ddead Dlive Dtotal
---- -------- -------- --------
1 0.064 0.050 0.114
2 0.057 0.033 0.090
3 0.058 0.035 0.092
4 0.057 0.033 0.090
5 0.064 0.050 0.114
Maximum Long-term Deflections

-----------------------------
Time dependant factor for sustained loads = 2.000
Units: D (in)
Span Dsust Lambda Dcs Dcs+lu Dcs+l Dtotal
---- -------- ------ -------- -------- -------- --------
1 0.064 2.000 0.128 0.178 0.178 0.242
2 0.057 2.000 0.114 0.147 0.147 0.204
3 0.058 2.000 0.115 0.150 0.150 0.208
4 0.057 2.000 0.114 0.147 0.147 0.204
5 0.064 2.000 0.128 0.178 0.178 0.242
Material Takeoff:
=================
Reinforcement in the Direction of Analysis
------------------------------------------
Torsion Design

Top Bars: 582.6 lb <=> 4.85 lb/ft <=> 2.427 lb/ft^2

Bottom Bars: 680.9 lb <=> 5.67 lb/ft <=> 2.837 lb/ft^2
Torsion Bars: 2776.7 lb <=> 23.14 lb/ft <=> 11.569 lb/ft^2
Stirrups: 2057.4 lb <=> 17.15 lb/ft <=> 8.573 lb/ft^2
Total Steel: 6097.6 lb <=> 50.81 lb/ft <=> 25.407 lb/ft^2
Concrete: 410.0 ft^3 <=> 3.42 ft^3/ft <=> 1.708 ft^3/ft^2

Timesaving TorsionDesign IA

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Timesaving TorsionDesign IA

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TIME SAVING DESIGN AID Page 1 of 23

x Superimposed dead load = 30 psf

Factored Torsional Moment Tu

be = h − hf = 20.5 – 4.5 = 16.0 in. (governs)

= 4hf = 4 × 4 .5 = 18.0 in.

Acp = (20.5 ×24 ) + (16.0 × 4.5) = 564.0 in.2

pcp = 2(20.5 +24 +16.0 ) = 121 in.

pcp = 2(20.5 + 24 ) = 89 in.

Therefore, ignore flange per 11.6.1.1.

Tu = 0.75 × 4 4,000 × 2,720 = 516,084 in.-lbs = 43.0 ft-kips

Shear Forces and Bending Moments in Beam CD

wL = 50 × (32 / 2) / 1,000 = 0.8 kips/ft

wu = 1.2wD + 1.6w L = 3.9 kips/ft

Adequacy of Cross-sectional Dimensions

Assuming a 1.5-in. clear cover to No. 4 closed stirrups:

Aoh = [20.5 − (2 × 1.5) − 0.5] × [24 − (2 × 1.5) − 0.5] = 348.5 in.2

ph = 2 × { [20.5 − (2 × 1.5 ) − 0.5] + [24 − (2 × 1.5 ) − 0.5] } = 75 in.

Transverse Reinforcement Required for Torsion

where Ao = 0.85 Ao h = 0.85 × 348.5 = 296.2 in.2

At 43.0 × 12,000 in.2 / in.

Transverse Reinforcement Required for Shear

Total Required Transverse Reinforcement

= 50bw / fyv = 50 × 24 / 60,000 = 0.020 in.2/in. (governs)

Required transverse reinforcement

Maximum spacing of transverse reinforcement

= d / 2 = 18 / 2 = 9.0 in. (governs)

Longitudinal Reinforcement Required for Torsion

Minimum longitudinal reinforcement:

5 fc' Acp ⎛A ⎞ fyv

where At / s = 0.019 in.2/in. > 25bw / fyv = 25 × 24 / 60,000 = 0.010 in.2/in.

Use A l = 1.43 in.2

Longitudinal Reinforcement Required for Flexure

Support 174.3 2.42

Midspan 119.8 1.66

Total Required Longitudinal Reinforcement

where α = reinforcement location factor = 1.3

γ = reinforcement size factor = 1.0

λ = lightweight aggregate concrete factor = 1.0

Ktr = transverse reinforcement index

⎛ 3 60,000 1.3 × 1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0 ⎞

pcaBeam v2.00. Licensed to: PCA. License ID: 12345-1234567-4-2D2DE-2C8D0

File: C:\Data\Time Saving Design Aid\Torsion example.slb

Project: Torsion Example

Frame: Exterior Engineer: DAF

800 800 800 800 800

35.83 35.83 35.83 35.83 35.83

512.5 512.5 512.5 512.5 512.5

pcaBeam v2.00. Licensed to: PCA. License ID: 12345-1234567-4-2D2DE-2C8D0

File: C:\Data\Time Saving Design Aid\Torsion example.slb

Project: Torsion Example

Frame: Exterior Engineer: DAF

-601.94 -601.94 -601.94 -601.94 -601.94

-50.0 -49.43 -47.88 -47.98 -48.09 -45.99

107.14 99.63 100.39 99.63 107.14

pcaBeam v2.00. Licensed to: PCA. License ID: 12345-1234567-4-2D2DE-2C8D0

File: C:\Data\Time Saving Design Aid\Torsion example.slb

Project: Torsion Example

Frame: Exterior Engineer: DAF

Beam Shear and Torsion Capacity: Stirrup Intensity - in^2/in

0.039 0.039 0.039 0.039 0.039

Beam Shear and Torsion Capacit y: Longitudinal Bar Area - in^2

pcaBeam v2.00. Licensed to: PCA. License ID: 12345-1234567-4-2D2DE-2C8D0

1.167 11.875 6.320 11.63 18.74 U1/All 1.843 4 5