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Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana

ISSN: 1794-4724
editorial@urosario.edu.co
Universidad del Rosario
Colombia

Ehrenzweig Sánchez, Yamilet


Modelos de cognición social y adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con cáncer
Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, vol. 25, núm. 1, 2007, pp. 7-21
Universidad del Rosario
Bogotá, Colombia

Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=79902503

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