Kaliningrad

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This article is about the city since 1945. For detailed history before 1945, see Königsberg.
For other uses, see Kaliningrad (disambiguation).

Kaliningrad

Калининград

City[1]

Church of the Holy Family; Königsberg Cathedral; "Fishermen's village" in pseudo-historic

style; Brandenburg Gate; King's Gate; Pregolya River

Flag

Coat of arms
 Anthem: none[2]

show
Location of Kaliningrad

Kaliningrad

Location of Kaliningrad

Show map of Russia Show map of Kaliningrad Oblast Show all

Coordinates: 54°42′01″N 20°27′11″ECoordinates: 54°42′01″N 20°27′11″E

Coun Russia
try
Feder Kaliningrad Oblast[1]
al
subje
ct

Foun 1 September 1255[3]

ded

Government
• Bo City Council of Deputies[4]
dy
• He Alexey Silanov[5]
ad [4]

Area
[3]

• Tot 223.03 km2 (86.11 sq mi)

al

Eleva 5 m (16 ft)

tion

Population
(2010 Census)[6]
• Tot 431,402
al
 • Est 475,056 (+10.1%)
imate

(2018
)[7]
• Ra 40th in 2010
nk
• De 1,900/km2 (5,000/sq mi)
nsity

Administrative status
• Sub city of oblast significanceof Kaliningrad[1]
ordin
ated
to
• Cap Kaliningrad Oblast[8], city of oblast significance of Kaliningrad[1]
ital of

Municipal status
• Urb Kaliningrad Urban Okrug[9]
an
okrug
• Cap Kaliningrad Urban Okrug[9]
ital of

Time UTC+2 (MSK–1 )

[10]

zone

Posta 236001 - 236999

l
code(
s)[11]
Diali +7 4012
ng
code(
s)

City 4 July; observed on the first Saturday of July

Day
Twin Klaipėda, Zeitz, Aalborg, Odense, Bremerhaven, Kiel, Rostock, Lichtenberg, Southampton, C
towns ork, Kaunas, Panevėžys, Šiauliai, Vilnius, Groningen, Białystok, Gdańsk, Elbląg, Łódź, Olszt
yn, Racibórz, Toruń, Zabrze, Zwolle, Mexico City, Malmö Municipality, Norfolk, Burlöv
Municipality, Kalmar Municipality, Omsk, Brest, Cagliari, Cherbourg-
Octeville, Dalian, Yerevan, Forlì, Gomel, Guyuan, Hamburg, Grodno, Kętrzyn
County, Kherson, Krasnoyarsk, Minsk, Potsdam, Samara, Severodvinsk, Turku, Yaroslavl, Ba
ranavichy, Kalmar, Panevėžys City Municipality, Patras
 OKT 27701000001
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Webs www.klgd.ru
ite

Kaliningrad(Russian: Калининград, IPA: [kəlʲɪnʲɪnˈɡrat], German: Königsberg, Polish: Króle

wiec, Lithuanian: Karaliaučius) is a city in the administrative centre of Kaliningrad Oblast, a
Russian exclavebetween Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea.
In the Middle Ages it was the site of the Old Prussiansettlement Twangste. In 1255, during
the Northern Crusades, a new fortress named Königsberg was built by the Teutonic
Knights, a GermanCatholic religious order of crusaders. Königsberg became the capital of
the Duchy of Prussia, a fiefdom of Poland from 1525 to 1657, and later of East Prussia in
the German Empire. It was heavily damaged during World War II, and its population had to
flee or were removed by force. Königsberg became a Russian city, was repopulated with
ethnic Russians and renamed "Kaliningrad" in 1946. At the 2010 Census, Kaliningrad's
population was 431,902.[6]

Contents

 1History
o 1.1Sambians
o 1.2Teutonic Order and Prussia
o 1.3World War II
o 1.4Soviet Union
o 1.5Russia
 2Administrative and municipal status
o 2.1City districts
 3Cityscape
o 3.1Museums
o 3.2Theatre
o 3.3Architecture
o 3.4Monuments
o 3.5Parks
o 3.6Ponds
o 3.7Bridges
o 3.8Kaliningrad Arena
 4Geography
o 4.1Climate
 5Culture
o 5.1Education
o 5.2Music
o 5.3Cuisine
 6Transportation
 7Economy
 8Military
o 8.1Soviet era
 9Demographics
o 9.1Poles in Kaliningrad
 10Sports
 11Notable people
 12International relations
o 12.1Diplomatic missions
o 12.2Small border traffic law
o 12.3Twin towns and sister cities
o 12.4Partner cities
 13See also
 14References
o 14.1Notes
o 14.2Sources
 15Further reading
 16External links

History[edit]
See also: Timeline of Kaliningrad
Sambians[edit]

Old Prussian clans in the 13th century (Sambia - orange)

Königsberg was preceded by a Sambian (Old Prussian) fort

called Twangste(Tuwangste or Tvankste), meaning Oak Forest.[12]During the conquest of
the Sambians by the Teutonic Knights in 1255, Twangste was destroyed and replaced with
a new fortress named Königsberg. The declining Old Prussian culture finally became
extinct around the 17th century, after the surviving Old Prussians were integrated through
assimilation.
Teutonic Order and Prussia[edit]
Main article: Königsberg
The settlement on the site of present day Kaliningrad was founded as a military fortress in
1255 after the Prussian Crusade by the Teutonic Knights against Baltic Prussians. The new
settlement was named in honour of the Bohemian King Ottokar II. The crusade was
followed by immigrant settlers from Germany and other regions of Western Europe. The
city and surrounding area became predominantly German,
with Polish and Lithuanian minorities.
After the secularization of the Teutonic Order in 1525, Königsberg became the capital of
the Duchy of Prussia, a fiefdom of the Polish king. As a symbol of its dependence, the
black Prussian eagle had a crown thrust round its neck bearing the letter "S" from the
latinised name of the king, "Sigismundus". In 1618 the Duchy of Prussia passed under the
control of the Electors of Brandenburg and in 1657, it became independent.
In the ensuing decades the city, now part of the German Empirecontinued to flourish and
many iconic landmarks of Königsberg were built. The city had around 370,000 inhabitants
and was a cultural and administrative center of Prussia and the German Empire. Immanuel
Kant and E. T. A. Hoffmann, the notable sons of the city, were born during this time.