Equivalence or Parallel- there are different version of the same

: instrument (like the SET A and SET B of your exam) administered to

the same group of respondents.
Categories of Instrument
Note:A test can be reliable without being valid. However, a test
Researcher-Completed- the researcher himself created and cannot be valid unless it is reliable.

developed the instrument

Subject-Completed- there is an instrument already available
intended to measure what you want to measure.

Validity (please see the video for better explanation)

Notes:
1. We do not include face validity in our research because it is
very subjective. It was like first impression.
2. Criterion validity and Predictive Validity is the same.
3. In our research instrument, it is not necessary to obtain all
three types of validity. We just need to choose one type of
validity that we will prioritize in our instrument.

Reliability
Internal Consistency or Homogeneity- there are two different
questions for the same topic. The response should be consistent
since the researcher is asking the same thing.
Example:
Question #1: How old are you?
Question #2: For how long you’ve been living in this world?
Note: We have 2 different questions, but it is asking the same thing.
Stability or Test-retest Correlation- the researcher administers a set
of questions to a group of respondents. After a short period of time,
the researcher will give the same set of questions to the same group
of respondents.