Chapter one

Introduction

Philippines‘ resort varies from place to place and what it may offer. But
nowadays, resorts also vary from what people needs. People from overcrowded
urban areas are attracted by the relaxing and intact landscape of resorts. With
this given, many entrepreneurs in the Philippines invest for hotel and resort
projects resulting to increase in numbers of resorts in the Philippines. But
thinking about how resorts can evolve into something that will give new
experience cannot be ignored.

Sipalay city in Negors Occidental is in need of new accommodations as its

tourism is increasing rapidly. Local and foreign tourists‘ arrival demands urgent
hotel accommodations though the people in charge of the place still want to
conserve their natural resources and cultural heritage. With this problem in
hand, one of the beach owners wants to develop a portion of their land for the
construction of a hotel, convention center and some space for additional
amenities and improvements. Located in the Nauhang barangay of Sipalay city,
Negros Occidental, the researchder decided to improve the site by building a
beach front resort.

Thus, the researcher came up with a proposed project that will take
resorts into a higher level of designing, a combination of resort building, hotel and
convention center, landscape, water amenities, and lastly biomimicry,
contributing to the tourism of Sipalay city and also the socio-economic condition
of the city. Because of technological progress and the advancement of
construction in biomimicry building and resort designing, a thorough research is
needed.

Biomimicry is somewhat unusual in the Philippines in terms of buildings.

Filipinos doesn‘t notice that biomimimicry is part of their daily life for example is
the airplanes, the bell crow, the flippers used in scuba diving, etc. It is time now
to let people; especially the commoners know that these little things can be
applied on a building that results to a more environmentally friendly movement.
The propose thesis project will be a resort that mimics nature and also functions
as one.

Therefore, the purpose of the research paper is to study the doctrine and
standard for the preparation of a biomimicry resort. To contribute to the
development of not just the social but economic status of the Sipalay city through
evolution of resorts. Also this paper gives recommendation to encourage
investors, businessmen, capitals to invest on such projects.

1.1 Background and Nature of the Project

The research was conducted for the fulfillment of the course syllabus as well
as to satisfy the researcher‘s proposal for biomimicry hotel and resort that will
cater tourist and middleclass to upper-class Filipinos. Consequently, the
researcher will limit the proposal on the city of Sipalay, Negros Occidental
located in the Philippines.

Resorts have come a long way from the olden days when resort was a small
and modest in size and luxury. But the modern resorts are highly luxurious and
offer the latest amenities for enjoyment.

Historically, the oldest resorts can be traced back to the Roman empire of
nearly two thousand years ago. The ancient Romans created a public leisure
facility known as baths that could be used by both men and women separately.
Gradually the baths evolved from their modest structure to include more
extravagant facilities such as a gym, a library, restaurant, stores, lounge, tavern
and even a museum and a theater, these baths were utilized for health,
recreation and social enjoyment.

The nineteenth century saw the development of exclusive resort facilities

offering more privacy to the visitors. The wealthy people wished for private resort
facilities and Switzerland‘s resort industry realized the lucrative business
prospects of this idea. In North American countries the earliest resorts were
developed at the starting of the nineteenth century. The first resorts were created
in Virginia and New York. Soon afterwards, the concept of beach resorts became
immensely popular. The sea became a great place of recreation and beautiful
beach resorts mushroomed all over North America and the Caribbean. Jungle
resorts also became popular as the governments tired to conserve the wildlife
and organized tourism on such a way that is promoted adventure tours to the
wild, without harming the flora and fauna of the region.

Evidence of hotels and hospitality industry have been recorded as far back as
biblical times when Mary and Joseph arrived in Bethlehem during the census.
The word ―hospitality‖ comes from the Latin root meaning ―host‖ or ―hospice.‖ The
first hotels were nothing more than private homes opened to the public. Most,
unfortunately, had poor reputations. Under the influence of the Roman Empire,
inns and hotels began catering to the pleasure traveler in an encourage visitors.¹

Biomimicry originally started on ancient times. People observed animals and

mimicked their shelter, survival behaviors and hunting. One of the first examples
of biomimicry is the study of Leonardo DaVinci about birds and created drawings
about flying machines. Biomimicry became a field of study in the late 20th
century. Though biomimicry has inspired human innovations for decades—one of
the most often-cited examples is Velcro, which the Swiss engineer Georges de
Mestral patented in 1955 after studying how burs stuck to his clothes—better
technology and more nuanced research have enabled increasingly complex
adaptations.²

To start this proposal, the researcher proposed project will be located in the
city of Sipalay at Negros Occidental. The city has experienced major economic
growth, evidenced by the presence of major commercial banks, fast food chain
outlets, real estates, and wide coverage of landline and cellular phone services. It
is also distinguished for having long beaches and white sand.
[1] SAGO Ltd. “the history of hotels; from economic to extravagant”
http://www.searchandgo.com/travel/hotels-history.php. 8:36am, January 31, 2013

[2] Smithsonian Institution. “How Biomimicry Inspiring Human Innovation”

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/How-Biomimicry-is-Inspiring-Human-Innovation-
165592706.html.12:49 pm, April 17, 2013

It becomes a unique place for a resort as not only beaches but also lagoons,
caves and the Sipalay River that is located near the site are can be found. The
site is located along a shoreline of four kilometer stretch of fine and white sand.
The property is gifted with natural beauty, the river, mountain, islet and long white
and fine sand. Because of this reasons, Johaida Roa Buenafe, owner of the
given site wanted to build additional beach amenities within their Agri-ecotourism
beach park (Costa Blanca de Sipalay) catering the Filipino and foreign tourists
coming in.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

This research aims to study the principles and standard for the preparation of
planning a Biomimicry Resort.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following problems:

1. The increase in demand of hotel accommodations due to the influx of

local and foreign tourists to Sipalay city. As the city‘s tourism improved on
this last years and won the award ― Top Undiscovered Domestic Tourists
Destination‖ a pressure on lack of accommodations in the long beaches of
the city is rising.
2. Neglected possibilities of biomimicry as a green building on the
Philippines. Perceptions of common Filipinos when they hear green
building is that they are buildings that grow plants in them or they look
somewhat similar in nature. Not knowing that they should function as one
that contributes to the environment.
 3. Unemployment in Sipalay city of Negros Occidental is high. It is concluded
that unemployment is high at 65% of the labor force. Underemployment
on the city is extensive because of the seasonal nature of major economic
activities in the area.

1.3 Project Goal and Objectives

This research aims to study the principles and standard for the preparation of
planning a Biomimicry Resort. The main goal is to achieve an innovative resort
design by the use of biomimicry and the knowledge acquired by the researcher
throughout the study. The design result should solve all the design problems and
stands out from the other resorts near the site. The researcher believes that such
project will create a real estate out of fairly small piece of land, maximizing the
development of the site

Specifically, it aims to achieve the following:

1. To establish an expression of progress and showcase the city as a bio-

diversified destination, highlighting natural attractions.
2. To create a project that can alleviate socio-economic crisis in Sipalay city,
Negros Occidental.
3. To develop an ecotourism project in bgry. Nauhang, Sipalay that will
catapult resort designing to the next level.

1.4 Significance of the Project

Because of the rapid growth of population in urban areas, people seek ways
to find breaks and refreshments from their day to day life. With the proposed
thesis project, a new style of relaxation can be invented.

A proposed thesis project that will contribute to the progress of the economic,
touristic, socio stat of the Sipalay city, Negros Occidental through innovation of
resort designing is a one way to see the proposal. By not only focusing on the
tourism and economic growth, the project will improve how biomimicry resorts
can greatly contribute to the environment. The proposed thesis project will help to
eradicate pollution to the surrounding environment through new technologies.
Common perceptions of people why build a resort is because of the tourism, but
with the study, the researcher can prove that the project does not only care for
the tourism but also care for the environment through extensive research and
indentifying new technologies to solve the problems about pollutions affecting
nature. The proposed project will provide a framework and bearing for the
conservation of the Sipalay‘s natural attractions, development of community
based tourism projects and positions the city as the major tourist destination on
the southern Negros.

The resort will greatly help the investors, owners, and the surrounding people
to change their way of life. With the proposed thesis project, people could realize
that there is still more ways to get closer in nature while still relaxing and enjoying
the resort. Also with the project in hand, there‘s always a possibility that it can
give jobs to those people around the site that needs it, emphasizing that
unemployment in Sipalay city is high.

This research paper will help give insights and tips to those people who
aspire in proposing buildings that mimic nature (biomimicry). In addition, it will
also be a great help in the enhancement of planning a resort in the Philippines
evolving resorts to the next level of designing.

1.5 Scope and Delimitations

This research study covers the preparation of designing a Biomimicry resort,

how to build one, to manage one, and to maintain one. This will include the
building of a hotel, convention center, and swimming pools. Also the research
has the scope of knowing the people on site, condition of the site, construction of
biomimicry buildings on site, and resort amenities.

The researcher will also focus on studying the impacts of the project on
the site, economically and environmentally. If it will affect the place and the
people, is it harmful, will it cross any law against it. The project will cater from
middleclass Filipinos to high class and foreign tourist of the country. The
researcher will also cover the determining of the population density of the project
as this will affect the design of the proposed thesis project.

The research study does not intend to discouraged resorts near site and
replace major resort tourist spot on the Philippines but on the other hand adds up
to the beautiful features of the country. The research study is limited only on
studying how to build building that mimics nature and will not set new guidelines
on how to construct one.
 Chapter two

Review of Related Literature and Related Studies

Review of related literature

2.1 foreign literature

2.1.1 hotel and Resort: planning, design and refurbishments
Fred Lawson, 2000

Hotels in resort destinations show wide diversity, responding to the tourist

attractions of the locality as well as marketing requirements. Hotels in rural
surroundings, isolated from business and local users used to create their own
individual amenities.

-Fred Lawson, 2000

This book talks about hotels and how they began on certain places. It
explains that destinations pass through a predictable sequence of six stages.
These stages are: exploration, involvement, development, consolidation,
stagnation and decline or rejuvenation according to Butler‘s hypothetical model of
resort evolution. This suggests that resorts become unattractive with the passage
of time, as visitor numbers increase and their carrying capacities are exceeded,
and are unable to compete with other newer resorts.

In the exploration stage the resort is isolated with a ‗sleepy‘ appearance

and with little or no development. In the involvement stage visitors from the
overcrowded urban centers are attracted by the relaxing and unspoiled
landscape of the resort. Local entrepreneurs realize the economic significance of
tourism and begin to provide facilities and services to tourists. Resort expands
and reaches the stage of development. The number of tourists increases and at
peak periods far outweighs the size of the local population. Many locals appear
to tolerate tourism unwanted effects because of its substantial economic effects
(Bramwell, 2003). In the consolidation stage a drastic reduction of beach width
occurs because of the construction of more accommodation establishments and
businesses. The indigenous population is being pushed further away from the
beachfront. When the resort reaches the stagnation stage, the tourism landscape
becomes dominant and little room is available for further expansion. As a result,
accommodation establishments are constructed in inland areas. The end of the
cycle is marked by the post-stagnation phase, which may result in decline, if the
tourist market continues to wane and the resort is not able to compete with newer
resorts, or rejuvenation, through the development of an artificial attraction, e.g.
the introduction of casinos or indoor water parks.

2.1.2 Hotel Investments; issues and perspectives 4th edition

Lori Raleigh, Rachel Roginsky, 2006
This book covers a lot of topics about resorts. Special amenities like spas,
Water Park were explained. Some feature described is the indoor water parks.
An Indoor water park resort as a building establishment containing an aquatic
facility with a minimum of 10,000 square feet of indoor water park space and
inclusive of such amenities as slides, tubes, and a variety of indoor water-play
features. Customers are willing to pay higher room rates for water park
amenities.

2.1.3 Resorts: Management and Operation 3rd edition

Robert Christie Mill, 2012
The definition of resorts, and the spaces required to build one was given
detailed on this book. It has become a basis of construction, the do‘s and don‘ts
of resorts planning and to manage resort projects.
The book explains that resorts are not fully successful with just one
attraction but should have mixed used amenities.According to Robert Mill, resort
communities work best when they are not one hundred percent resort but have a
mix full-and-part time residents. They can be use as permanent or second
house.Knowing these facts make the researcher informed of how resorts evolve
and avoid any problems in the future for the proposal.
2.1.4 Principles of Hotel Design
The Architect’s Journal
This book basically talks about basic planning of hotels. Requirements
needed, etc. to achieve success, any scheme for a hotel must be deeply
researched and planned well in advanced.
Most of the major research and studies will be carried out by the hotel
operator, but some also by the architect. The architect must be fully aware of
both the character of the sector of the public for whose benefit the hotel is to be
erected and the personality of the operator.

2.1.5 Managing Hotels Effectively

EddystoneNebel III, 1991
The book is all about the technology how to manage hospitality business.
Managing hotels like this could be hard; firms with such projects should have
strategic visions. According to Eddystone (1991) firms with a strategic service
vision have: (1) a targeted market, (2) a well defined service concept, (3) a
focused operating strategy, and (4) a well designed service delivery system. In
planning hotels, designers should know how to manage hotels and how they
were run.

2.1.6 Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry

Peter D. Nyheim, 2012

Adding to the previous book review, technology should be serving,

supporting and enabling the business (Peter Nyheim, 2012). Hotels and resorts,
especially large ones, are extremely complex business. To run such complex
business requires a strong reliance on the tools used to manage it including IT
applications, materials used on the project, installation of water systems, etc. the
number of systems and their heterogeneity increase the complexity of a hotel or
resort business. The way we provide heating and cooling systems and even the
means we choose to decorate the interior of a structure, we influence not only
the aesthetics of the building, but also their effectiveness to providing shelter and
comfort.

2.1.7 Biophilic Design: the theory, science & practice of bringing buildings
to life
Stephen R. Kellert, Judith H. Heerwagen, Martin C. Mador, 2008
We humans, who instinctively took design cues from the natural world, are
returning to the practice in a discipline called biomimicry. The author of the book
believe that it is part of our nature to be drawn to life‘s mastery and to try with
equal parts of awe & envy, to do what birds and fish and insect can do.
“Building need not look exactly like a tree but should work like one”
-Frank Lloyd Wright
Biomimicry is not a style of building, nor is it an identifiable design product.
it is, rather, a design process- a way of seeking solutions- in which the designer
defines a challenge functionally, seeks out a local organism or ecosystem that is
the champion of that function. But the final design that comes from biomimicry
process may or may not look organic or visually resemble the organism from
which the lesson came.

2.1.8 The Source Book of Contemporary Green Architecture

Sergi Costa Duran, Julio Fajardo Herrero, 2010
The book discussed several design strategies for contemporary green
architecture while explaining their function on the building where they were used.
One of these design strategies is the one called ―Petals from heaven‖ that
will provide cooling and shade, depending on the time of the day. They are
designed to open during daylight hours to provide shade while also capturing
energy. They close at night and release the stored heat. They also adjust their
angles to give shade depending on the position of the sun.

2.1.9 Hotel Revolution

Howard Watson, 2005

Modern day eco-resorts started to appear back in the 1970‘s- not long
after the first eco-warriors and the green parties started to find a political voice-
but were very much an unusual, alternative destination.
The book gave different projects about eco-resorts picking only the ones
that their designs still manage to be at one with their environment. An ethos of
zero or minimal impact is used to enhance the relationships between guest and
nature as the boundaries of an abode and its surroundings are cleverly blurred.

2.2 Local literature:

2.2.3 Banyan Hotels and Resort Project, Palawan

Keith, 2008
The researcher was inspired by this statements ―We want to build a
globally recognized brand which by inspiring exceptional experiences among our
guests, instilling pride and integrity in our associates and enhancing both the
physical and human environment in which we operate, will deliver attractive
returns to our shareholder.” -Keith, 2008

The journal stated qualities of their resort that leads them to success. It is
related in way that the hotel and resort is a mountain resort situated in Palawan
similar to the researcher proposed thesis project.

2.2.2 Development of tourist Resorts and other Facilities DOT

Hotels, resorts and other types of accommodation facilities especially in

the regions will have to be built to address the lodging requirements of both
foreign and domestic travelers. The need for improved accessibility will likewise
open investment opportunities in air, water and land transport operations. In
response to worldwide demand for integrated tourism development, the
Department of Tourism likewise encourages investments in tourism estates and
eco-zones, historic – cultural heritage projects as well as ecotourism, agric-
tourism, and health and wellness projects.

2.2.3 Asian Emerging Markets

Anthony, 2003

According to Anthon, author of Asian Emerging Markets, the Philippines

benefits from a long philanthropic tradition of personal and corporate giving; there
are now very well developed mechanisms, foundations and organizations for
managing corporate philanthropy. There is also a very active civil society sector
in the Philippines. However, concepts such as corporate social responsibility
(CSR) and socially responsible investment (SRI) are relatively new concepts that
are only recently starting to appear in the corporate and finance sector. The
tradition of corporate philanthropy and patronage can also be linked to the fact
that many corporations in the Philippines are family owned and controlled.
However, this highlights the importance of improving corporate governance and
transparency, which is presently quite weak in the Philippines relative to other
Asian markets. With this said, this became one of the major factors of
construction of high rise buildings in the Philippines. Given the uneven
distribution of local wealth and the low levels of retail domestic investment in
funds, it might take a long period of time before the Philippines possesses a
domestic financial environment that can support significant domestic investment
similar to the western SRI fund investment model.

2.2.4 Journal: Discover Asia

Filipino hotels are world standard. Naturally, you get what you pay for, but,
we would not sell a hotel or resort unless we felt it offered value for money and
acceptable standards for Western clients. Most tourists find their entertainment in
hotel & resort bars. If you travel much, you‘ll have noticed that nearly every hotel
has a Filipino band! Thus, you can be sure of a very high standard of
entertainment everywhere in the Philippines – in hotel bars, roaming serenaders
in restaurants.

2.2.4 Barbara P, 2003

With a high resort project, water features are important. In since

Philippines is a tropical country, water supply is not a problem. But with today‘s
weather and climate, Philippines supply for water is becoming a problem. Despite
the abundant water resources in the Philippines, distribution of these resources
varies widely in time and place as a result of the different geographic and climate
conditions prevailing in different parts of the country.

2.2.5 Greenpeace Organization, 2007

Water resources are unevenly distributed throughout the country, often

resulting in water shortages in highly populated areas, especially during the dry
season. Several river basins (Pampanga, Agno, Pasig-Laguna, and on the island
of Cebu) are also experiencing generalized water scarcity (PEM, 2004). This is
according to Greenpeace organization. The organization‘s published book
discussed a lot of problems to Philippines water supply, but at the end of the
book, the organization was able to come up with solutions that could solve
Philippines water crisis and also the researcher‘s arising problem from the source
of water.

Review of related studies

2.1 foreign studies

2.1.1 Burke Brise Soleil

 Unprecedented in American architecture, the Burke Brise Soleil is a
moveable, wing-like sunscreen that rests on top of the Museum‘s vaulted, glass-
enclosed Wind hover Hall. The ―wings‖ open at 10 a.m. in accordance with
regular days of operation, close/reopen at noon, and close at 5 p.m. (8 p.m. on
Thursdays).

While the Burke Brise Soleil has a wingspan comparable to that of a

Boeing 747-400, its two ultrasonic wind sensors automatically close the wings if
the wind speed reaches 23 mph or greater. Unlike the airplane, the Museum
prefers to remain on the ground.

2.1.2 East gate center in Zimbabwe

The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe, typifies the best of green

architecture and ecologically sensitive adaptation. The country‘s largest office
and shopping complex is an architectural marvel in its use of biomimicry
principles. The mid-rise building, designed by architect Mick Pearce in
conjunction with engineers at Arup Associates, has no conventional air-
conditioning or heating, yet stays regulated year round with dramatically less
energy consumption using design methods inspired by indigenous Zimbabwean
masonry and the self-cooling mounds of African termites.

2.1.3. Bora Bora Pearl Beach resort

Set on a pristine strip of soft white sand that extends for hundreds of yards
into the pale blue lagoon, Bora Bora Pearl Beach Resort & Spa's beachfront is
like a shallow, salt-water pool, perfect for floating and snorkeling with ease.
There's also a small fresh-water infinity pool overlooking the beach, the resort's
cluster of overwater bungalows and towering Mt. Otemanu in the distance.

With just 80 bungalows, the resort feels less spread out than some of its
competitors - and yet there is ample room to roam amid the garden paths that
wind between well-spaced bungalows back toward the exceptional Manea Spa.
Tucked amid the landscaping, you'll find a mini-golf course, bacci ball court,
tennis court, volleyball court and game room with billiards and ping-pong tables.
There's also a Coral Nursery that attracts tropical fish, where you can snorkel, as
well as an onsite dive center.

2.2. Local studies

2.2.1 Antulang Beach Resort

Nestled 40 kilometers south of Dumaguete City, Philippines,Antulang

Beach Resort is the first Philippine resort to offer private pool villas to guests.
Each of the flagship accommodations comes with its own swimming pool, heated
Jacuzzi and luxurious, spacious rooms all decked out in Canadian pinewood.
Suspended on ten sprawling hectares of sheer cliffs peppered with a
kaleidoscope of bougainvillea blooms, swimming pools and premium rooms are
positioned right at the cliffs‘ edge, ensuring guests a commanding view of an
endless sea, while winding staircases lead directly to a kilometer‘s stretch of
isolated white sand beach strewn with large, natural rock formations.

2.2.2 Bellarocca Island Resort and Spa

 The perfect location of this wonderful Santorini inspired resort and
spa allows guests to experience not only the beauty of the immaculate nature of
the island, but also all the fun and excitement that the city provides. The easy
access of the resort to the heart of the city allows the guests to explore the
different tourist attractions that the rich city of Marinduque holds.

Apart from the wonderful location and the bountiful nature surrounding the
island, guests are also entitled to enjoy all kinds of luxury and comfort through
the world class facilities and service that the hotel provides. The hotel features a
business center, meeting facilities, safety deposit boxes and other amenities that
are needed to ensure their guests comfortable stay.

All of the 69 stylish rooms that the hotel features are equipped with all
kinds of amenities needed for a convenient and relaxing stay. Each room
contains a Jacuzzi, a satellite/cable TV, a DVD/CD player, as well as a hassle-
free internet access.

2.2.3 Earthbag School

 The Earthbag Technology System is a method for housing that uses
onsite earth as its main building component, with very minimal use of wood, steel
and skilled labor. It costs 40 percent less than conventional classrooms and may
be put up in a short time.

For this project, five classrooms and one room to be used as a resource
center with alternative construction were built to make for a better learning
experience, encourage community participation and empower local residents to
be self-sufficient.

The six-classroom school building, which includes a resource center, was

constructed through Japan‘s Grant Assistance for Grassroots Human Security
Projects (GGP). Aside from the school building, Japan provided 175 armchairs to
DNHS' to further improve its educational environment.

The beautiful weather was a perfect background to the amazing

completion of the first earthbag school in the world. The alliance of NGOs, the
Local Government, and the Community groups of Day-Asan coming together to
solve a global problem: lack of schools in rural areas and the environmantal
protection of the planet.
 Chapter three

Research Methodology

3.1 Introduction

This chapter discusses the methodology that was used in gathering

research data from various resources. It is therefore explains why a particular
research methodology was chosen as well as the benefits of that method. It also
covers in detail, the main sources of primary data how descriptive data was
collected, investigates the quality of relationships, activities, situations, or
materials.

The researcher gather the primary data through published books and
journals about topics including hotels, convention centers, resorts, managing
hotels, etc. Interviews will be conducted to different types of people, the ones
who expertise in managing hotels, building structures on beaches and knows a
lot about the site of the proposed project.

3.2 Research Design

This study is a qualitative research that attempts to accumulate existing

information and understandings of building hotel resorts on Sipalay City, Negos
Occidental. The researcher will make use of descriptive information to conclude
how the proposed project will be successful.

The research study will use historical and descriptive method of research.
With the historical method, it can give the researcher ideas how previous works
lacks and possibly make better ways avoiding problems of the past. Historical
method will be use to gather information about the past history of the site,
significant happenings, maps of the site, etc. Descriptive research is a method
used to obtain information relating to the current status of an issue or
phenomenon to describe "what exists" within the variables or conditions of the
situation. A case study and survey type of descriptive method will be use. It will
also be use to gather information on the existing conditions of the site, the
current plans and maps, interviews, and case studies & surveys.

3.3 Description of Stakeholders as Respondents

The primary sources of data will be collected through face-to -face

interviews and surveys of certain people. To further indentify them, the
stakeholders of the study were the citizen of Sipalay City, Negos Occidental,
workers on a hotel particularly Ms. Antonette E. Mitschiener of Hotel H2O manila
and Thea F. Victorino of Thunderbird Resort, architects, mayor of Sipalay City,
Negos Occidental.

3.4 Research Instrument

The research study will use social survey questionnaires for the chosen
citizen of Sipalay City, Negros Occidental. A multiple choice survey questionnaire
will be used allowing the respondent to choose the answer the respondent is
comfortable with. The survey will evaluate how the people will react on such
projects on the respondent‘s community and what respondents think of the
projects like hotel and convention center.

In depth interviews to highly reliable people that expertise on hotel

management will be conducted. Before actual interviews, the researcher will first
test the questionnaires and interview questions which are also called pre-testing
of questionnaires. Interview answers will be analyze and interpret to suffice the
research problem.

3.5 Statistical Treatment of Data

Information collected from the research methods will be arranged and

interpreted according to their use. The sampling technique will be use to identify
the sample of population and the tourists that come and go on Sipalay City,
Negos Occidental. As the researcher used the descriptive type of method,
sample techniques is needed. A simple random sampling will be use to
determine the respondents. Every member of the population of Sipalay City,
Negos Occidental will have a chance to be chosen.

Chapter four

Site Description, Site Selection Criteria

4.1 Criteria for site selection

The selection of location is considered as one of the most important

elements affecting the success of high rise resort projects.

First is the possibility of building such projects on the site. Is it possible to

build a hotel that will cater a lot people there? Is there a certain law that
construction of hotel and convention center on the site? Is the site area big
enough for construction of beach resorts? Questions like this should be
considered first.

The site‘s general determinant is one of the factors in selecting a site. The
researcher should determine if the site‘s topography, geology, type of soil would
affect the project. The site should have a stable soil as the project is for public
use and should be erected on a land that will not erode in any circumstances.
The topography of site will affect the success of the project if it is not well
maintained. The water source of the site should be plenty. As a hotel and
convention center with a lot of water features, water resources should not be
abundant and can be easily gained.

The site where the proposed project is to be constructed should have

remarkable tourist destinations, as one of the aims of the proposed biomimicry
resort is to develop not only the Sipalay city tourism but at the same time the
environment. A project like this will not be successful if people will not come to
the site because of the reasons that the site and its surrounding have nothing to
offer. Also the site should have easy access to major cities and other locations
with different attractions. This is one of the major factors that a site should
possess in any type of tourist attraction projects.

The relationship between the site and the surrounding important buildings
is very vital to the site. No same project should be near the site, less resorts
results to a success of the project according to the stages of resorts. Heritage
buildings like churches, etc should be preserved and not be affected by the
proposed project rather should contribute to the preservation of heritage at the
same the time the culture of the site. The beach area should be separated from
residential and commercial area by city road

4.2 Site Description (Macro Scale)

History

Sipalay got its name from the old native phrase si palay meaning 'there is
rice'. Chinese traders, who were not able to pronounce the 'R' in the local word
Paray are believed to have helped disseminate the name Sipalay as rice
abundantly grows in the area and is freely traded.

The original natives of Sipalay were the "tumandoks ", perhaps with Malay
or Bornean roots. Immigrants from Panay Island joined them later. These were
families who ventured out to the sea to escape the oppressive Spanish feudal
system and found a new home in the paradise that is today Sipalay.

With unflinching political will, its local officials spearheaded by the

Municipal Mayor then, led Sipalay to recovery and caused it to raise high above
the economic setbacks and bloody turmoil of a low intensity civil war. Not only
were revenue surpluses generated starting 1989, but also for the next eight
consecutive years, the surpluses continued to rise. The peace and order
situation, as it were, was somehow cajoled to a level allowing people's lives and
business to go back to "normal". Amazingly, some investments, particularly in
tourism development, flowed in.

Geographic Location

The City of Sipalay is the second to the southernmost town in the province
of Negros Occidental. It is bounded by the municipalities of Cauayan in the north,
Hinobaan in the south, and Candoni in the east. To its west is the Sulu Sea. The
city lies approximately 178 kilometers from the provincial capital of Bacolod City
and can be reached via the national road from Bacolod to Hinobaan within 3 to 4
hours.

The City's total land area is 42,770 hectares or 427.7 square kilometers,
with a coastline stretching some 45 kilometers long along its western side.
Sipalay is politically subdivided into 17 barangays.
Climate

The City falls within the Type 1 climate, with two pronounced seasons: dry
from December to April and wet from May to November. The main atmospheric
systems affecting rainfall are the southwest monsoon from June to September,
the northeast monsoon from October to February and the easterly waves from
March to April. However, the central mountains of Negros prevent the northeast
monsoon and the easterly waves from (saturating the weather condition in
Sipalay) October to April.

Population and Growth Trends

From the first recorded population of 20,235 in 1960, Sipalay's population

has increased dramatically by more than 5 percent annually up to 1975. Growth
has gradually tapered off from 1980-1995 and in year 2000 a negative population
growth was posted.

The historical growth of population and human settlements in Sipalay may

be traced to significant development activities that created the pull factor for in-
migration in various parts of the City. The first wave of settlements and
movements of population from the post-war era to the 1960s came with the
logging operations particularly in the barangay of Manlucahoc and in the mid-60s
in barangay Nabulao. From 1960 to 1970, population grew by an annual average
of about seven percent. The second wave of migration came about with the
opening of the Maricalum Mining Company (MMC) in barangay San Jose that
resulted in another rapid increase in population by about six percent annually
from 1970-1975.

Population Trend (1960-2003)

 Average Annual Growth Rate
Year Population (%)
1960 20,325
1970 34,771 5.5
1975 45,773 5.7
1980 51,264 2.3
1990 61,982 1.9
1995 63,960 0.6
2000 62,063 -0.6
2003 63,522 0.8
2007 67,211

Industries

Farming is the main source of livelihood in the province. The average

household income was estimated at Php 57,320 per annum in 2003 which
accounts for only about half of the average household income in the Western
Visayas in 200 and 78% of the average for Negros Occidental for the same
period.

Health Facilities and Services

The health care delivery services of Sipalay City are relatively available to
all 17 barangays. They comprise a network of 14 Barangay Health Stations
(BHSs) with one main and one sub-station; one private hospital with a 20-bed
capacity; one private infirmary and 3 private clinics. They are augmented by
private dental and optical clinics, drugstores and 55 Day Care centers operated
by the City Government under its City Social Welfare and Development Office
(CSWDO).

Health manpower resources include six doctors, one sanitary inspector,

three private dentists, nine nurses and support personnel mainly found in the
urban center. The Barangay Health Centers are manned by a total of 22
midwives, 260 Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) and trained hilots, 17 Barangay
Nutrition Scholars (BNS) and 55 Day Care workers.

Transportation

Sipalay is linked to its various barangays and adjacent towns, cities and
other areas within the Negros Island by the existing 269.56-kilometers long road
network of national, provincial, city, barangay and private roads. Complementing
this is a network of bridges with a total length of 542.16 linear meters.

Road Network Inventory, Sipalay City, 2003

Length Asphalt Concrete All Weather

Type
(kilometers) (kilometers) (kilometers) (kilometers)
National 59.7 18.7 6.08 34.92
Provincial 5 0 2.5 2.5
Municipal 27.41 0 8.32 19.09
Barangay 172.95 0 5.5 168.25
Private 4.5 0 0 4.5
Total 269.56 18.7 22.4 229.26

The transportation system is predominantly road-based with strong

linkages with existing air and sea terminals in Bacolod City and Dumaguete City .
These terminals serve as the central hubs for western Negros , linking directly
with Manila in Luzon and Mindanao via Cebu . The road density is about 0.55
kilometers per 100 hectares, less than 20 percent of which are in good paved
condition.

There is no regular sea transport, however, to reach the coastal

barangays. The existing Campomanes Bay Ecoport, while already operational, is
yet to service as a sea link to other areas of the province and the country. Inter-
island connection between Sipalay City and the rest of the country is possible via
Bacolod City or Dumaguete City, both of which are about 180 kilometers away.

Power Supply

Power is transmitted to the city through a 138 KV transmission line from

the Kabankalan sub-station located about 60 kilometers from the City. The line
connects to a 50 MVA substation in Barangay Canturay. Distribution to the
various households is managed by the Negros Occidental Electric Cooperative,
Inc. (NOCECO). All barangays are now energized, although only about 37
percent of the total households have been connected to the system. All of the 17
percent barangays have mostly partial power connections with only the poblacion
fully energized, except for Barangay 4. Barangay San Jose is almost 70 percent
energized followed by Manlucahoc (45%), Canturay (34%), Nauhang and
Nabulao (30%). The least energized barangays are Camindangan (only 12%)
and Cartagena (20%). The remaining 63 percent of households not served by
electrical connection rely on traditional lighting sources such as gas lamps and
candles.

Communication

Communication, though still limited, has improved significantly with the

installation of high-frequency radio vhf transceiver with interface that allows even
portable radios to transmit and receive messages direct to and from the Bacolod
base station. This system is owned and managed by the local government and
can be availed of by the general public. SSB radio supplied by the provincial
government interlinks all municipalities of the province.Barangays communicate
either by 2-way radios or cellular phones where signal is available.

The deficiency in telephone landline services is compensated for by the

SMART and GLOBE cellular telephone service, that provides for a more personal
but also a more expensive telecommunications are service. SMART has already
3 cell sites in the city while Globe is in the processes of adding more sites to
augment its present one.

The City is also serviced by satellite cable network and internet connection
via VSAT and SMART . A TV relay station fed via satellite under the GMA
television network provides connection to television. AM and FM radio signals
are also moderately audible in the City. There are no internet cafes yet in the
area.

Postal services are provided by the Philippine Postal Corporation in the

Poblacion with sub-post offices in San Jose and Nabulao. Telegraph services are
available via RCPI and PT&T at Barangay San Jose.

Domestic Water Supply

Sipalay City is provided with three levels of water service. Level 1 and 2
systems are mostly derived from shallow and deep wells, supplemented by a few
natural springs. The urban barangays are served by a Level 3 system managed
by the Local Water District. Barangays Gil Montilla and Nauhang are serviced by
the Gil Montilla Waterworks System (under ARSP) and a similar system is found
in Manlucahoc. MMC has also established a water system servicing San Jose
(mine site). Current estimates indicate that about 20 percent of the total
population has access to potable drinking water.
Beach Resorts

15-minute boat ride from the city proper is the Sugar Beach - German,
Swiss and Filipino-owned resorts line this sugary beach, which offers an
excellent place for swimming, and various water sports activities.

Not far from the Sugar Beach is the Tinagong Dagat - a hidden sea
sprinkled with a dozen islets covered with lush vegetation. The sea bottom is
covered with patches of sea grass beds, with the shoreline lined by old-growth
mangroves.

Punta Ballo Beach is located in close proximity to Tinagong Dagat- This

fine white sandy beach is more than a kilometer stretch. It's the nearest jump off
point towards the sea ideal for snorkeling & diving due to the rich marine life.

Going more or less 10 minutes from the Punta Ballo Beach is

Campomanes Bay - The bay is excellent not only for diving but for jet skiing,
kayaking, and all sorts of water sports. It has an existing port that caters to
medium-sized sea craft. The enclosed shape of the bay and islets in its opening
provide calm waters even in harsh weather conditions. Entrance to the bay is a
wide expanse of coral garden with various species of corals and fish.

Caves and Waterfalls

Areas with limestone formation exhibiting karst topography can be found

along the coastline of the city. These natural rock formations attract local &
foreign tourists. Caves also abound in the coastal and upland areas of the city
considered for community-based tourism projects due to the presence of springs
and waterfalls.

Waterfalls are located within the remaining forest areas of the city in the
upland hinterlands. The areas are noted for their cascading rivers and numerous
caves. They are surrounded by old-growth trees covered with huge boulders and
rocks. Getting there makes for a challenging adventure for avid mountaineers
and trekkers.

4.3 Site Description (Micro Scale)

Property Profile

The property site is situated along a 4km shoreline that extends all the
way up to Poblacion Beach. The beach is bounded by two main rivers of sipalay,
thus maintaining its privacy and esclusivity. The property is gifted with natural
beauty, the river, mountain islet and long fine & white sand. The site is within the
city of Sipalay thus affording a good supply of water and electricity.

It is accessible by good roads, which offers as bonus a scenic tour of the

natural beauty of the coastline of Negros Occidental. The road extends from
Silay International Airport in the north, traversing its way to Bacolod city, the
provincial capital of Negros Occidental, down to the major towns and cities of
Negros Occidental.

Geographical Location
 The project site is in the heart of Sipalay City - just across its main
Barangay (Poblacion) where the city government offices, central market, and
main commercial areas are located. A portion of the site is accessible by
vehicular land travel from the main town center while the other portion of the key
project site requires a very short five minutes Bangka ride across the Nauhang
River to reach the banks of its shore.

It is bounded by the Sulu Sea and two rivers, the Nauhang River and
Sipalay River.

Tourism Assets

The availability of noted resorts facility near the site can be classified as
follow; mostly they accommodate middleclass Filipino and foreign tourists, thus
giving an opportunity on the researcher‘s proposal to also cater middle class to
high end tourist depending on their needs.

1. Punta Ballo Beach

2. Campomanes Bay
3. Tinagong Dagat