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PROJECT ON
SUBMITTED BY:
ANSHUMAN MOHANTY
Regd. No.:1806284018
Page No.
Declaration (iv)
Acknowledgements (v)
Appendices 76-81
References 82-90
Bibliography 91-100
Executive Summary
Write one or two paragraphs on the following:
Title
Objectives
Major findings
Summary of Conclusions
Suggestions
A brief description of chapters
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.5 Objectives
This section provides a clear description of study objectives. The objectives of a
research project summarize what is to be achieved by the study. These
objectives should be closely related to the research problem. The general
objective of a study states what researchers expect to achieve by the study in
general terms. It is possible (and advisable) to break down a general objective
into smaller, logically connected parts. These are normally referred to as specific
objectives. Specific objectives should systematically address the various research
questions. It is also required that the student should spell out why these
objectives are important and for what purpose.
1.6 Hypothesis
Hypothesis is a tentative solution posed on cursory observation of known or
available information. The question is raised in such a way that an answer of
some kind can be empirically tested. Hypothesis may be accepted or rejected on
the basis of resulting data.
1.7 Methodology
This section is extremely important. A student must be very careful while
describing the methodology section of the study. One has to take several
decisions pertaining to the research problem and objectives. For example, a
student has to decide exactly what type of information need to be collected and
from which source. It is also required to spell out how the data will be collected.
Is it through survey or through observation? Moreover, the student has to
provide justification to each and every method, technique and tool that he/she
has chosen for the study.
1.9 Chapterisation
This section depicts how the entire study is organized. It is essential that
chapterisation should be done on more scientific basis and one chapter should
naturally flow from the other so that there is a continuity of thought and
concepts. The title of the chapters should be self explanatory. Similarly,
conclusion/s should not be simply a summary but should bring out the salient
features of the thesis.
Company profile
CHAPTER II
DATA ANALYSIS
This section and the next, deal with the body of the report that analyses the
data/information gathered leading to specific findings. In may consist of a number of chapters.
This is where you present the data that forms the basis of your investigation, shaped by the way
you have thought about it. The chapter(s) should be consistent with objectives and other
components of the study.
The student has to present and discuss the results of his/her inquiry. This section is concerned
with presenting the analysis of the data.
In this part of the report there is a great deal of variation. The presentation should have a
logical organisation that reflects:
the aims or research question(s) of the project, including any hypotheses that have been
tested
the research methods and theoretical framework that have been outlined earlier in the
study report
It is not simply describing the data. The scholar needs to make connections, and provide
reasons about the events.
The data should be presented in the form of tables, graphs and diagrams and at the same time
it is required to describe the data in words. The researcher through the analysis should briefly
explain how data have been gathered, whether the results support or negate hypothesises. It is
also required that meaningful comparisons are made and significant results are highlighted.
Finally, the findings are summerised in clear terms.
CHAPTER III
MAJOR FINDINGS
In this chapter discussion of findings is made vividly. It is an opportunity to establish a
connection between the results of the present study, existing theory and research. While the
extent of discussion may vary according to discipline, all disciplines expect some interpretation
of the findings that makes these connections. It is highly essential to establish a link between
the research question and the results. In the process of discussion the reasons stating why and
how the hypothesises taken are accepted or rejected must be explained. It is also necessary to
show that the study results supports or contradicts the findings of the others work in the same
field. Finally draw the implications of the study.
CHAPTER IV
Whenever someone uses ideas or words of others, he/she must put in a reference. The only
exception to this rule is when the information is common knowledge or ‘public domain’
information. For example, it is not necessary to include in a reference if it is stated that
Shakespeare wrote plays and sonnets in Elizabethan times.
A reference list contains only the books, articles, and web pages etc that are cited in the text of the
document. A bibliography includes all sources consulted for background or further reading. A
reference list is arranged alphabetically by author. If an item has no author, it is cited by title, and
included in the alphabetical list using the first significant word of the title.
If it is a direct quote from any others work that the information should be placed in inverted
commas. Traditionally, double inverted commas have been used (“) but it is now acceptable,
and preferable to use single inverted commas (‘). It is wise to go for paraphrasing the ideas
instead of repeatedly quoting someone’s work. Paraphrasing means putting others ideas in own
words.
These are different examples of referencing (Harvard Style) and students are advised to follow
the pattern given below while writing their project report.
Book
Elements of the citation
Author(s) of book – family name and initials, Year of publication, Title of book – italicized,
Edition, Publisher, Place of publication.
Without When organizing our time, Adair, J. (1988) Effective time management: How to save
Direct quote Adair (1988) states that the time and spend it wisely, London: Pan Books
from a book centerpiece will tend to be
or journal goals and objectives.
If you have used a chapter in a book written by someone other than the editor
Byrne, J. (1995) ‘Disabilities in tertiary education’, in Rowan, L. and McNamee,
J. (ed.) Voices of a Margin, Rockhampton: CQU Press.
Journal Articles
Family name and initials, Year of publication, ‘Title of Article’, Name of Journal, Volume No.,
Issue No, (or Month), Page range
Das, S. (1994) ‘The emergence of the Indian Capital Market’, Economic & Political Weekly, Vol.
6, No.9, pp. 103-107.
Conference Proceedings
Das, S. (1994) ‘The emergence of the Indian Capital Market’, Conference proceedings, National
Conference on Finance Market 2010, JNU, New Delhi, pp. 103-107.
Newspaper articles
Dutta, F. (1999) ‘Tax-free savings push’, Sunday Timesl, 4 April, p. 1.
OR, IF THE AUTHOR IS UNKNOWN
Government publications
Department of Higher Education (DHE), (2001) Skills for life: The national strategy for improving
adult literacy and numeracy skills, Government of Odisha: DHE Publications.
World Wide Web page (www)