IRREGULAR CHANNELS

The catch basin of a city has a cross-sectional area as shown. The water surface above
the semicircular area gets 2m high when it rains. Calculate the discharge, if n=.014 and
slope of .009.

2 1
1
Q = A 𝑛 𝑅3 𝑆 2

A = 1⁄2 (5 + 1)(2) + 𝜋⁄2 (1)2

A = 8.57 𝑚2

P = 𝜋(1) + 2.5(2)

P = 8.14 m
2 1
1
Q = 8.57(.014) (1.05)3 (. 009)2

Q = 60.10 𝒎𝟑 /s
 3
The channel has a discharge of 27𝑚 ⁄𝑠, it has a cross-sectional area given in the figure.
Calculate the vertical drop of the channel bottom per meter length. Use n= .014.

2 1
1
Q = A 𝑛 𝑅3 𝑆 2

A =1.5(3) + 1 +.5(1)(1)

A=6

P = 1.5(2) +3 +√2

P = 7.41 m

6
R=
7.41

R = .81
1 2 1
27 = 6 ( )(. 81)3 (𝑆)2
.014

S = .00621
A channel was built and has two sections, the first section was a trapezoidal in shape
and has a side slope of 1:1 and base of 5m. the second section is rectangular in shape,
with base of 10 m. The depth of flow in the rectangular section is .7m and it came from
the spills of the trapezoidal section which has a depth of 2.7m. Calculate the discharge
of the channel if the slope on both section is .0006. use n=.02 for the first section and
n=.04 for the second.

2 1
1
Q = A 𝑛 𝑅3 𝑆 2

For 1st section: For 2nd section

A = 5(2.7) +.5(2.7)(2.7) + .5(2)(2) + .7(2) A = .7(10)

A = 20.545 A=7

P = √2.72 + 2.72 + 5 + √22 + 22 P = 10 + .7

P = 11.65 P = 10.7 m
20.545 7
R= R=
11.65 10.7

R = 1.761 R = .65
2 1 2 1
1 1
Q = 20.545(.02) (1.76)3 (. 0006)2 Q = 7(.04) (. 65)3 (. 006)2

Q = 36.63 Q = 3.23

𝑄𝑇 = 36.63 + 3.23

𝑄𝑇 = 39.85 𝒎𝟑 /s
CIRCULAR CHANNELS

The drainage pipe has a 800 mm diameter and laid on a slope of .0009. The normal
depth of the drainage is half full. It has a roughness coefficient of .014. Calculate the
discharge of the drainage pipe.

.4

.4

2 1
1
Q = A 𝑛 𝑅3 𝑆 2

A = .5(𝜋)(. 4)2

A = .251 𝑚2

P = 𝜋(.4)

P = 1.257 m
.251
R=
1.257

R = .2
2 1
1
Q = .251(.014) (. 2)3 (. 0009)2

Q = .184 𝒎𝟑 /s
A concrete pipe has a diameter of 800 mm and is required to carry water at a rate of .07
𝑚3 /s. The depth of the water in the pipe is .3 m. Determine its vertical drop per meter
length. Use n = .02.

.5m

.3m

2 1
1
Q = A 𝑛 𝑅3 𝑆 2

.1
Cos𝜃 = = 75.52(2) = 151.045
.4

.42 𝜋(151.045)
A= ( − sin(151.045))
2 180

A = .172 𝑚2
151.045
P = 2(𝜋)(.4) ( )
360

P = 1.054 m
.172
R=
1.054

R = .163
2 1
1
.07 = .172 .02 (. 163)3 𝑆 2

S = .0007
A culvert has a 1.5 diameter which is laid on a slope of .008. Use roughness coefficient
of .014. Determine the discharge if the depth of flow is 75% of the diameter.

.375m

1.125m

2 1
1
Q = A 𝑛 𝑅3 𝑆 2

.375
Cos𝜃 = = 60 = 120
.75

.752 𝜋(120)
A = 𝜋(.75)2 - ( − sin(120))
2 180

A = 1.42 𝑚2
120
P = 𝜋(1.5) − 2(𝜋)(.75) (360)

P = 3.14 m
1.42
R=
3.14

R = .454
2 1
1
Q = 1.42 .014 (. 454)3 (.0008)2

Q = 1.693 𝒎𝟑 /s
NON-UNIFORM Fl0W

A trapezoidal channel has a bottom with of 5m and side slopes of 1:1 it also has a
horizontal curve with a radius of 25m without superelevation. The water surface at the
inside of the curve is 1.5m above the channel bottom, it has a flow discharge of 20
m^3/s. find the water surface elevation at the outside of the curve.

𝑣2𝐵
y = 𝑑2 − 𝑑1 = 𝑔𝑟

1
A = 2(x+1.5)(2x+8)

R = 25 m
𝑄
V=
𝐴

20
V=1
(𝑋+1.5)(2𝑥+8)
2

40 2
((𝑥+1.5)(2𝑥+8)) (2𝑥+8)
X – 15 =
9.81(25)

X = 2.302 m
 Determine the discharge of a 4m wide rectangular channel has a water flowing at a
depth of 350mm. a hydraulic jump occurs and the depth of the water downstream from
the jump is 1200mm.

𝑞2 𝑑1 𝑑2 (𝑑1 +𝑑2 )
=
𝑔 2

𝑞2 .35(1.2)(.35+1.2)
=
𝑔 2

q = 1.787 𝑚3 /s per meter width

Q = qb

Q = 1.787(4)

Q = 7.148 𝒎𝟑 /s
The depth of water on a rectangular channel is .7 m and has a width of 5m. Calculate
the depth of flow if the water undergoes a jump. Use Froude number = √10.
𝑣
Fn =
√𝑔𝑑

𝑣
√10 =
√9.81(.7)

v = 8.287 m/s (velocity before the jump)

q = 8.287(.7)

q = 5.801 𝑚3 /s per meter width

𝑞2 𝑑1 𝑑2 (𝑑1 +𝑑2 )
=
𝑔 2

8.2872 .7(𝑑2 )(.7+𝑑2 )

=
𝑔 2

𝑑2 = 4.136 m
PARABOLIC CHANNELS

Determine the critical depth of a parabolic canal with a top width of 2.4 m and depth of 2
m when flow is 3 𝑚3 /s.

𝑸𝟐 𝑨𝟑
=
𝒈 𝒃

Q=3
𝟐
A = 𝟑 𝑩𝒅

𝑄2 ((2⁄3)𝐵𝑑)3
=
𝑔 𝑏

𝑄2 8𝑏2 𝑑3
= eq. 1
𝑔 27

By squared property of parabola:

(𝑏⁄2)2 1.22
=
𝑑 2

𝑏 2 = 2.88d eq. 2

32 8(2.88𝑑)2 𝑑3
=
9.81 27

𝑑𝑐 = .821 m
A parabolic canal has a top width of 2m and depth of 2 m. it has a critical depth of 1.2 m
and critical velocity of 2.5 m/s. Calculate the flow of the canal.

2
A = 3 𝐵𝑑

By squared property of parabola:

(𝑏⁄2)2 22
=
𝑑 2

𝑏 2 = 2d

b= √2(1.2)

b = 1.549

Q = 𝐴𝑐 𝑣𝑐
2
Q = 3 (1.549)(1.2)(2.5)

Q = 4.8 𝒎𝟑 /s.
Determine the critical velocity of a parabolic canal with a top width of 1m and depth of
1m when the flow is 3

2
A = 3 𝐵𝑑

𝑄2 ((2⁄3)𝐵𝑑)3
=
𝑔 𝑏

𝑄2 8𝑏2 𝑑3
= eq. 1
𝑔 27

By squared property of parabola:

(𝑏⁄2)2 12
=
𝑑 1

𝑏 2 = 4d eq. 2

32 8(4𝑑)2 𝑑3
=
9.81 27

𝑑𝑐 = .72 m

b= √4(.72) = 1.697

Q = 𝐴𝑐 𝑣𝑐
2
3 = 3 (1.697)(.72) 𝑣𝑐

𝑣𝑐 = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟖𝟑 𝒎/𝒔