Briaud Pressio 2010 Simplified PDF

8/26/2010
THE PRESSUREMETER:
SOME CONTRIBUTIONS TO
FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
Jean--Louis BRIAUD
Jean
President of ISSMGE
Professor, Texas A&M University, USA
Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University
• TEXAM vs Menard Pressuremeter

• PMT results vs Other Tests Results
• Shal
Shal.. Found.:
Found : Scale & Embedment Effect?
• Shal
Shal.. Found.: Load
Load--Settlement Curve
• Deep Found.: Lat. Load, Reference Case
• Deep Found.: Lat. Load, Complex Cases
• Deep Found.: Vert. Load, Downdrag
• Future Work
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THE TEXAM
PRESSUREMETER
1981
Simple
Safe
Versatile
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USEFUL CORRELATIONS
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SAND (36 sites)
CLAY (44 sites)
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VERY POOR CORRELATIONS
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS:
SCALE & EMBEDMENT EFFECT?
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THIS BEARING CAPACITY EQUATION

RARELY WORKS
pu = cNc + 1γ BNγ +γ DNq

2
pu = 1γ BNγ
2
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3mx3m Footing Load Tests up to 1200 tons

Texas A&M National Site
3mx3m Footing Load Tests up to 1200 tons

Texas A&M National Site
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RARELY WORKS
pu = cNc + 1γ BNγ +γ DNq

2
pu = 1γ BNγ
2
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ALWAYS WORKS
pu = k r
r = p ,q , N , s
L C U
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SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS:
LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE
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LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE METHOD
pf = Γ pp
s/B = 0.24 ΔR/R
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LONG TERM VERTICAL LOAD
Qu(t)/Qu(to) = (t/to)-nn
s(t)/s(to) = (t/to)n
n = 0.01 to 0.03 in sands

n = 0.02 to 0.08 in clays
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n VALUES FROM PMT TESTS
ΔR(t)/ΔR(to) = (t/to)-nn
n = -log(ΔR(t)/ΔR(to) / log(t/to)

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LONG TERM SETTLEMENT
t = 50 years
to = 5 minutes
n = 0.03
s(t)/s(to) = (50x365x24x60 / 5) 0.03

s(50 years)/s(5 minutes) = 1.59
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The San Jacinto

Monument
PL=2.7 MPa, Py=1.6 Mpa, E0=54 MPa

Er=145 MPa, n=0.022
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Ultimate Bearing Capacity
PL = 680 kPa at 5 m depth
Su = 100 kPa at shallow depth
Total p
pressure at 5 m = 224 kPa
Net pressure at 5 m = 141 kPa
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Elastic Settlement
E0 = 30 Mpa, B = 38 m, p = 141 kPa, γ = 0.35
S(t0) = 0.88(1 – 0.352)x141x38/30000 = 138 mm
Long Term Settlement

s(to) = 138 mm, t = 70 yrs, to = 5 min, n = 0.045
S(70 years) = 138 (70 x 365 x 24 x 60 / 5) 0.045
S(70 years) = 325 mm
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LATERAL LOAD ON PILES :

REFERENCE CASE
LATERAL LOAD-DEFLECTION CURVE
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ULTIMATE HORIZONTAL LOAD, Hou
Hou = ¾ pl B Dv
pl = limit pressure from PMT
B = projected pile width
Dv = (π/4) lo with lo = (4EI / K)1/4 for L > 3 lo
Dv = L/3 for L < lo
E = modulus of pile material
I = moment of inertia of pile
K = 2.3 Eo
Eo = PMT first load modulus of soil
L = pile length
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HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENT yo @ Hou/3
yo = 2 Ho / lo K for L > 3lo

yo = 4 Ho / L K for L < lo
Ho = Hou/3 = horizontal load at ground surface

K = 2.3 Eo = horizontal modulus (line load/deflection)
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INTERACTION DIAGRAM FOR COMBINED

HORIZ. LOAD AND OVERTURNING MOMENT
ANY COMBINATION OF H AND M ON THE

DIAGRAM GIVES THE SAME DEFLECTION
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LATERAL LOAD ON PILES :

COMPLEX CASES
LONG TERM LATERAL LOAD
Hou(t)/Hou(to) = (t/to)-nn
y0(t)/yo(to) = (t/to)n

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n VALUES FROM PMT TESTS
ΔR(t)/ΔR(to) = (t/to)-nn
n = -log(ΔR(t)/ΔR(to) / log(t/to)

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CYCLIC LATERAL LOAD
yN = y1 N a
a averages 0.1 for clays (one way and two way)
a averages 0
0.08
08 for sands under one way loading
a averages 0 for sands under two way loading
a FROM PMT TESTS
ΔRN/ΔR1 = N a
a = log (ΔRN/ΔR1) / log N
PMT only applicable to

one way cyclic loading
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LATERAL LOAD NEAR A TRENCH
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Htrench = λ Hno trench
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Acceleration of truck
Vehicle Acceleration
20
10
0
Acceleration (g)
‐10
‐20
‐30
Raw acc
‐40
50ms
‐50
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40
Time (sec)
62
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Impact Force (X ,Y and Z directions)
50ms Vehicle Force
500
300
100
‐100
‐300
Force (kN)
‐500
‐700
‐900
‐1100 X‐dir
Y‐dir
‐1300
Z‐dir
‐1500
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40
Time (sec) 63
Full‐scale K‐12 Test and Numerical simulation
(LS‐DYNA ) Drucker‐Prager γ= 21 kN/m3, E= 50 MPa, c=20 kPa, φ=40 ˚, ψ=20˚
64
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3m embedded Single Post in Very Dense Sand
Drucker‐Prager γ= 22 kN/m3, E= 32 MPa, c= 4 kPa, φ= 40 ˚, ψ= 15˚
Soil pressure (x‐drection)
Drucker‐Prager γ= 22 kN/m3, E= 32 MPa, c= 4 kPa, φ= 40 ˚, ψ= 15˚
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Numerical Simulation Matrix‐ Single post in sand
Num Energy level Soil Strength E (Mpa) γ (kN/m3) φ ψ c (kPa) Depth Remark Results
1 K-12 V.Dense+ 50 21 40 20 15 3m Akram OK
2 K-12 V.Dense 32 22 40 15 4 3m OK
3 K-12 V.Dense 32 22 40 10 4 3m OK
4 K-12 V.Dense 32 22 40 5 4 3m OK
5 K-12 V.Dense 32 22 40 0 4 3m OK
6 K-12 V.Dense 32 22 40 -5 4 3m contact v1 NG
7 K-12 V.Dense 32 22 40 5 4 3m contact v1 OK
8 K-12 V.Dense 32 22 40 10 4 3m contact v3 B
9 K-12 V.Dense 32 22 40 10 4 4m contact v3 OK
10 K-12 V.Dense/Dense 20 20.6 37 6 3.3 6m contact v2 OK
12 K 12
K-12 V Dense/Dense
V.Dense/Dense 20 20 6
20.6 37 6 33
3.3 5m contact v3 B
14 K-12 V.Dense/Dense 20 20.6 37 6 3.3 4m contact v3 NG
17 K-12 Dense 16 20 36 5 3 6m contact v2 NG
18 K-12 Dense 16 20 36 5 3 5m OK
19 K-12 Dense 16 20 36 5 3 5m contac v1 NG
20 K-12 Loose 1.8 17 27 -15 1 6m Error NG
21 K-12 Loose 1.8 17 27 -15 1 3m NG
22 K-08 Dense 16 20 36 5 3 3m OK
23 K-08 Dense 16 20 36 5 3 3m contact v2 Ok
24 K-08 Dense 16 20 36 5 3 3m contact v3 Ok
25 K-08 Dense/Medium 12 19.1 35 0 2.5 3m contact v2 OK
26 K-08 Dense/Medium 12 19.1 35 0 2.5 3m contact v3 OK
27 K-08 Medium 8 18 33 -5 2 6m contact v2 OK
31 K-08 Medium 8 18 33 -5 2 4m contact v3 NG
32 K 08
K-08 Medium 8 18 33 -5
5 2 3m contact v2 NG
33 K-04 Loose 2 17 27 -10 1 3m contact v2 NG
36 K-08 Medium/Loose 4 17.3 29 -8 1.3 6m contact v3 NG
37 K-04 Medium/Loose 4 17.3 29 -8 1.3 5m contact v3 OK
38 K-04 Medium/Loose 4 17.3 29 -8 1.3 4m contact v2 OK
39 K-04 Loose 2 17 27 -10 1 6m contact v3 OK
44 K-04 Dense/Medium 12 19.1 35 0 2.5 2m contact v3 NG
49 K-08 V.Dense 32 22 40 10 4 2m contact v3 OK 67
50 K-04 Medium/Loose 4 17.3 29 -8 1.3 4.5m contact v3 OK
Design Chart For Single Post in Sand
Design chart for single post
6
4
Post Embedment (m)
3
K12
K8
K4
2 K12 Est
K8 Est
K‐12 OK
K‐12 NG
1 K‐8 OK
K‐8 OK
K‐8 NG
K‐4 OK
K‐4 NG
0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
PL (kPa) 200 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2500+
E (MPa) 2 4 8 12 16 20 32
N (bpf) 0 10 20 30 40 50 50+
Sand Strength
* W14‐109 Post 68
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69
70
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71
72
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73
74
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75
Pile Ult. Capacity

Qu = 706 + 1000
Qu = 1706 kN
Assume Neutral Pt.
wp = ws
Find Load Distrib.
Qt + Qd = Qp +Qf
Calculate Pile Mmt.
wp # ws
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TIEBACK WALLS
EARTH PRESSURE COEF. Vs MOVEMENT / HEIGHT
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So what !
Too complicated
p !
THE PREBORING PRESSUREMETER

DISADVANTAGES
• Influence of borehole quality

• Uncontrolled drainage
• Limited use for slopes and walls
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8/26/2010
THE PREBORING PRESSUREMETER

ADVANTAGES
• Can
C be done in i many soils
i
• Gives in situ stress strain curve
• In situ “load test”
• Inexpensive equipment
•QQualityy of test from shape
p of curve
• Laterally loaded piles
• Shallow foundations
• End bearing piles
41

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8/26/2010

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

• TEXAM vs Menard Pressuremeter

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

SAND (36 sites)

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

CLAY (44 sites)

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

VERY POOR CORRELATIONS

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

THIS BEARING CAPACITY EQUATION

pu = cNc + 1γ BNγ +γ DNq

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

3mx3m Footing Load Tests up to 1200 tons

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

3mx3m Footing Load Tests up to 1200 tons

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

THIS BEARING CAPACITY EQUATION

pu = cNc + 1γ BNγ +γ DNq

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

THIS BEARING CAPACITY EQUATION

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE METHOD

s/B = 0.24 ΔR/R

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

LONG TERM VERTICAL LOAD

n = 0.01 to 0.03 in sands

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

n VALUES FROM PMT TESTS

n = 0.01 to 0.03 in sands

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

LONG TERM SETTLEMENT

s(t)/s(to) = (50x365x24x60 / 5) 0.03

The San Jacinto

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

PL=2.7 MPa, Py=1.6 Mpa, E0=54 MPa

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Ultimate Bearing Capacity

PL = 680 kPa at 5 m depth

Su = 100 kPa at shallow depth

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Long Term Settlement

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

LATERAL LOAD ON PILES :

Jean-Louis Briaud – Texas A&M University

LATERAL LOAD-DEFLECTION CURVE