TITLE AND ABSTRACT

Titles
 should be written simply but at the same time can capture the interest of the audience
 it must give ideas to the audience just by reading the title
 format: Camel Casing, Bold, Font Size 14, Inverted Pyramid

Example:

Gmelina (Gmelina arborea) Fruit Extract as Insecticide

Against Adult Banana Weevil Borers
(Cosmopolites sordidus)

Effects of Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), San Francisco

(Codiaeum variegatum) and Tawa- tawa (Euphorbia hirta) on the
Growth and Development of the Mosquito, Aedes aegypti,
a Vector of Dengue Virus

Guidelines for Writing an ABSTRACT

 (150-250 words only) Should be short but give the overall idea:
What was done?
What was found out?
What are the main conclusions?
 Format : 1 paragraph, 1.15 space; use A4 paper
 Should be written AFTER the whole research paper was written but
NOT BEFORE the deadline of submission for the research paper
 MUST INCLUDE
 short background of the study,
 objectives of the study,
 materials and methods,
 results,
 conclusion and significance.
 DO NOT INCLUDE
 acknowledgments and details of the procedures conducted by the adult-
sponsor, qualified scientist or adult-supervisor at Regulated Research
Institution (give highlights to those conducted by the students)

Keep Editing and Rewriting Your Abstract...

SEE SAMPLE ABSTRACT : PAGES 2-3

1
 Gmelina (Gmelina arborea) Fruit Extract as Insecticide
Against Adult Banana Weevil Borers
(Cosmopolites sordidus)

Tristan Ll. Nineza; Matthew Ceasar G. Quibado

Digos City National High School, Digos City, Davao del Sur

ABSTRACT
Banana is a major agricultural produce and is vital to the Philippine economy.
Nevertheless, infestations of Banana Weevil Borers (Cosmopolites sordidus) have caused threat
to the country’s banana production. This study investigated the potency of Gmelina
(Gmelinaarborea) fruits extract against C.sordidus. The research adopted the Complete
Randomized Design in in-vitro setup. Four concentrations of the Gmelina fruit extract, negative
control-distilled water, and a positive control using lambda-cyhalothrin were applied to assess
the borers’ mortality. Time was also taken as a variable by subjecting the borers to the treatments
at 60-minute interval for 240 minutes. Appropriate data screening procedures like normality and
homogeneity of variances were performed prior to testing the difference in the mortality.
Kruskal-Wallis statistic was used to determine the significant difference in the mortality of C.
sordidussubjected to the different concentrations of Gmelina extract at the 0.05 level of
significance. Mann-Whitney test statistic was done to determine whether Gmelina fruit extract is
comparable to the lambda-cyhalothrin in killing C.sordidus. Results indicate a significant
difference in the mortality of C.sordidusamong the various concentrations of the extract
including different time intervals. Probit analysis was performed to identify the specific
concentrations per time interval that are optimal to achieve 50% and 90% mortality of the
specimens. LC50 in 60 minutes established 26.7% and 87.7% in LC90. LC50 in 120 minutes
recognized 18.4% and 50.5% in LC 90. Only 2 time intervals were taken consideration since
revealed in the data that beyond 120 minutes, all specimens were eliminated.

2
 Effects of Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), San Francisco
(Codiaeum variegatum) and Tawa- tawa (Euphorbia hirta) on the
Growth and Development of the Mosquito, Aedes aegypti,
a Vector of Dengue Virus

Jerouen Paul D. Lumabao

Daniel R. Aguinaldo National High School, Matina, Davao City, Philippines

ABSTRACT

The mosquito, Aedes aegypti, the principal vector of dengue virus has caused an
alarming health issue worldwide. Commercial mosquito insecticides are readily available, but
the vectors develop resistance to these and may cause harm and pose negative effects on
living organisms and to the environment. This study evaluated the crude extracts of Lemon
grass (Cymbopogon citratus), San Francisco (Codiaeum variegatum) and Tawa-tawa
(Euphorbia hirta) leaves on the hatchability of mosquito eggs, and the mortality, abdominal
morphology and behavior of 4th instar A. aegypti larvae. Mosquito eggs and larvae were
exposed to 500 µL of each crude extract and then observed after 24 hours. Mean level of
hatchability and mean level of mortality were recorded and the larvae were observed under a
compound light microscope. Results showed significant differences on the hatchability and
mortality manifested in the treatment using San Francisco crude extract. This means no eggs
hatched out of the ten eggs introduced in the San Francisco crude extract, manifesting its
ovicidal potential. Also, all ten larvae introduced in San Francisco crude extract did not survive
indicating its larvicidal potential. Qualitative analyses showed that the extracts from Tawa-tawa
and Lemon grass caused abnormalities on the abdominal morphology and behavior of the 4th
instar A. aegypti larvae when compared with the control. The results showed a great potential
for the production of organic insecticides from the plant extracts to control A. aegypti, vector of
the dengue virus.