Đọc hiểu

DESERTIFICATION
Desertification is the degradation of once-productive land into unproductive or poorly
productive land. Since the first great urban-agricultural centers in Mesopotamia nearly 6,000
years ago, human activity has had a destructive impact on soil quality, leading to gradual
desertification in virtually every area of the world.
It is a common misconception that desertification is caused by droughts. Although
drought does make land more vulnerable, well-managed land can survive droughts and
recover, even in arid regions. Another mistaken belief is that the process occurs only along
the edges of deserts. In fact, it may take place in any arid or semiarid region, especially where
poor land management is practiced. Most vulnerable, however, are the transitional zones
between deserts and arable land; wherever human activity leads to land abuse in these
fragile marginal areas, soil destruction is inevitable.
[1] Agriculture and overgrazing are the two major sources of desertification. [2]
Large-scale farming requires extensive irrigation, which ultimately destroys lands by
depleting its nutrients and leaching minerals into the topsoil. [3] Grazing is especially
destructive to land because, in addition to depleting cover vegetation, herds of grazing mammals
also trample the fine organic particles of the topsoil, leading to soil compaction and
erosion. [4] It takes about 500 years for the earth to build up 3 centimeters of topsoil. However,
cattle ranching and agriculture can deplete as much as 2 to 3 centimeters of topsoil every 25
years - 60 to 80 times faster than it can be replaced by nature.
Salination is a type of land degradation that involves an increase in the salt
content of the soil. This usually occurs as a result of improper irrigation practices. The greatest
Mesopotamian empires- Sumer, Akkad and Babylon- were built on the surplus of the
enormously productive soil of the ancient Tigris- Euphrates alluvial plain. After nearly a
thousand years of intensive cultivation, land quality was in evident decline. In response,
around 2800 BC the Sumerians began digging the huge Tigris-Euphrates canal system to irrigate
the exhausted soil. A temporary gain in crop yield was achieved in this way, but over-irrigation
was to have serious and unforeseen consequences. From as early as 2400 BC we find Sumerian
documents referring to salinization as a soil problem. It is believed that the fall of the Akkadian
Empire around 2150 BC may have been due to a catastrophic failure in land productivity; the soil
was literally turned into salt. Even today, four thousand years later, vast tracks of salinized
land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers still resemble rock-hard fields of snow.
Soil erosion is another form of desertification. It is a self-reinforcing process;
once the cycle of degradation begins, conditions are set for continual deterioration. As the
vegetative cover begins to disappear, soil becomes more vulnerable to raindrop impact. Water
runs off instead of soaking in to provide moisture for plans. This further diminishes plan cover
by leaching away nutrients from the soil. As soil quality declines and runoff is increased,
floods become more frequent and more severe. Flooding washes away topsoil, the thin,
rich, uppermost layer of the earth’s soil, and leaves finer underlying particles more vulnerable to
wind erosion. Topsoil contains the earth’s greatest concentration of organic matter and
microorganisms, and is where most of the earth’s land-based biological activity occurs. Without
this fragile coat of nutrient-laden material, plan life cannot exist. An extreme case of its erosion
is found in the Sahel, a transitional zone between the Sahara Desert and the tropical African
rain forests; home to some 56 million people. Overpopulation and overgrazing have
opened the hyperarid land to wind erosion, which is stripping away the protective margin
of the Sahel, and causing the desert to grow at an alarming rate. Between 1950 and
1975, the Sahara Desert spread 100 kilometers southward through the Sahel.
Question 1: Which of the following statement is true about desertification?
A. It has a history as long as that of civilization.
B. It was just as serious in the past as it is today.
C. It is a fairy recent problem.
D. Ancient societies managed the problem well.
Question 2: The word “arable” in paragraph 2 is closet in meaning to _____.
A. cultivate B. dry C. settled D. populated
Question 3: According to the passage, many people’s understanding of desertification is
incorrect because _____.
A. they do not think of of it as a serious problem
B. they see it as being reversible
C. they do not see it as being caused by human activity
D. they think of it as a very slow process
Question 4: According to the passage, agriculture furthers desertification through which of
the following activities
A. The repetitive planting of the same crop B. Irrigation
C. The stripping away of native vegetation D. Over fertilization
Question 5: The word “degradation” in paragraph 4 is closet in meaning to _____.
A. rejuvenation B. deterioration C. contribution D. consumption
Question 6: Paragraph 4 of the passage serves mainly to do which of the following?
A. Show the progress of desertification down through history.
B. Propose a method for dealing with the desertification problem.
C. Describe one progress that leads to desertification.
 D. Describe the main cause of desertification in one particular area.
Question 7: The word “leaching” in paragraph 5 is closet in meaning to _____.
A. washing B. depositing C. concentrating D. dispersing
(1) Iron production was revolutionized in the early eighteenth century when coke was
first used instead of charcoal for refining iron ore. Previously the poor quality of the iron had
restricted its use in architecture to items such as chains and tie bars for supporting arches, vaults,
and walls. With the improvement in refining ore, it was now possible to make cast-iron
beams, columns, and girders. During the nineteenth century further advances were made,
notably Bessemer’s process for converting iron into steel, which made the material more
commercially viable.
(2) Iron was rapidly adopted for the construction of bridges, because its strength
was far greater than that of stone or timber, but its use in the architecture of buildings
developed more slowly. By 1800 a complete internal iron skeleton for buildings had been
developed in industrial architecture replacing traditional timber beams, but it generally
remained concealed. Apart from its low cost, the appeal of iron as a building material lay in its
strength, its resistance to fire, and its potential to span vast areas. As a result, iron became
increasingly popular as a structural material for more traditional styles of architecture during the
nineteenth century, but it was invariably concealed.
(3) Significantly, the use of exposed iron occurred mainly in the new building
types spawned by the Industrial Revolution: in factories, warehouses, commercial offices,
exhibition hall, and railroad stations, where its practical advantages far outweighed its lack
of status. Designers of the railroad stations of the new age explored the potential of iron,
covering huge areas with spans that surpassed the great vaults of medieval churches and
cathedrals. Paxton’s Crystal Palace, designed to house the Great Exhibition of 1851, covered an
area of 1.848 feet by 408 feet in prefabricated units of glass set in iron frames. The Paris
Exhibition of 1889 included both the widest span and the greatest height achieved so far with
the Halle Des Machines, spanning 362 feet, and the Eiffel Tower 1,000 feet high. However,
these achievements were mocked by the artistic elite of Paris as expensive and ugly follies. Iron,
despite its structural advantages, had little aesthetic status. The use of an exposed iron structure
in the more traditional styles of architecture was slower to develop.
Question 8: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Advances in iron processing in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
B. The effects of the Industrial Revolution on traditional architectural styles.
C. Advantages of stone and timber over steel as a building material.
D. The evolution of the use of iron in architecture during the 1800’s.
Question 9: According to the passage, iron was NOT used for beams, columns, and girders prior
to the early eighteenth century because _____.
 A. all available iron was needed for other purposes
B. limited mining capability made iron too expensive
C. iron was considered too valuable for use in public buildings
D. the use of charcoal for refining ore produced poor quality iron
Question 10: Iron replaced stone and timber in the building of bridges because iron was
considered _____.
A. more beautiful B. new and modern C. much stronger D. easier to transport
Question 11: The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to_____.
A. industrial architecture B. internal iron skeleton
C. stone D. strength
Question 12: The word “surpassed” is closest in meaning to _____.
A. imitated B. exceeded C. approached D. included
Question 13: According to paragraph 3, the architectural significance of the Halle Des Machines
was its _____.
A. wide span B. great height
C. unequaled beauty D. prefabricated unites of glass
Question 14: How did the artistic elite mentioned in the passage react to the buildings at the
Paris Exhibition?
A. They tried to copy them. B. They ridiculed them.
C. They praised them. D. They refused to pay to see them.
Question 15: It can be inferred that the delayed use of exposed iron structures in
traditional styles of architecture is best explained by the _____.
A. impracticality of using iron for small, noncommercial buildings
B. association of iron architecture with the problems of the Industrial Revolution
C. general belief that iron offered less resistance to fire and harsh weather than traditional
materials
D. general perception that iron structures were not aesthetically pleasing

(1) Interest is the sum charged for borrowing money for a fixed period of time. Principal is the
term used for the money that is borrowed, and the rate of interest is the percent per year of the
principal charged for its use. Most of the profits for a bank are derived from the interest that they
charge for the use of their own or their depositor’s money.
(2) All problems in interest may be solved by using one general equation that may be stated as
follows:
Interest = Principal X Rate X Time
(3) Any one of the four quantities – that is, interest, principal, rate, or time – may be found when
the other three are known. The time is expressed in years. The rate is expressed as a decimal
fraction. Thus, 6 percent interest means six cents charged for the use of $1 of principal borrowed
for one year. Although the time may be less than, equal to, or greater than one year, most
applications for loans are for periods of less than one year. For purpose of computing interest for
short periods, the commercial year or 360 days is commonly used, but when large sums of
money are involved, exact interest is computed on the basis of 365 days.
Question 16: With what topic is this passage primarily concerned?
(A) Profits (B) Rate (C) Interest (D) Principal
Question 17: The word “fixed” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) Definite (B) short (C) repeated (D) trial
Question 18: At 4 percent interest for the use of $1 principal, how much would one pay?
(A) Six cents per year (B) Twenty-five cents per year
(C) Four cents per year (D) One cent per year
Question 19: Which of the following would be a correct expression of an interest rate as stated
in the equation for computing interest?
(A) Four (B) 04 (C) 4 (D) 4/100
Question 20: Most applications for loans are for
(A) one year (B) less than one year (C) more than one year (D) 360 days
Question 21: The word “periods” in paragraph 3 refers to
(A) time (B) loans (C) applications ( D) interest
Question 22: A commercial year is used to compute
(A) exact interest (B) interest on large sums of money
(C) interest on a large principal (D) interest for short periods of time
(1) The protozoans, minute, aquatic creatures each of which consists of a single cell of
protoplasm, constitute a classification of the most primitive forms of animal life. They are
fantastically diverse, but three major groups may be identified on the basis of their motility. The
Mastigophora have one or more long tails, which they use to project themselves forward. The
Ciliata, which use the same basic means for locomotion as the Mastigophora, have a larger
number of short tails. The Sarcodina, which include amoebae, float or row themselves about on
their crusted bodies.
(2) In addition to their form of movement, several other features discriminate among the three
groups of protozoans. For example, at least two nuclei per cell have been identified in the Ciliata,
usually a large nucleus that regulates growth but decomposes during reproduction, and a smaller
one that contains the genetic code necessary to generate the large nucleus.
(3) Protozoans are considered animals because, unlike pigmented plants to which some
protozoans are otherwise almost identical, they do not live on simple organic compounds. Their
cell demonstrates all of the major characteristics of the cells of higher animals.
(4) Many species of protozoans collect into colonies, physically connected to each other and
responding uniformly to outside stimulate. Current research into this phenomenon, along with
investigations carried out with advanced microscopes may necessitate a redefinition of what
constitutes protozoans, even calling into question the basic premise that they have only one cell.
Nevertheless, with the current data available, almost 40,000 species of protozoans have been
identified. No doubt, as the technology improves our methods of observation, better models of
classification will be proposed.
Question 23: Where do protozoans probably live?
(A) Water (B) Sand (C) Grass (D) Wood
Question 24: What is protoplasm?
(A) A class of protozoan
(B) The substance that forms the cell of a protozoan
(C) A primitive animal similar to a protozoan
(D) An animal that developed from a protozoan
Question 25: To which class of protozoans do the amoebae belong?
(A) Mastigophora (B) Ciliata (C) Sarcodina (D) Motility
Question 26: What is the purpose of the large nucleus in the Ciliata?
 (A) It generates the other nucleus.
(B) It contains the genetic code for the small nucleus.
(C) It regulates growth.
(D) It reproduces itself.
Question 27: Why are protozoans classified as animals?
(A) They do not live on simple organic compounds.
(B) They collect in colonies.
(C) They respond uniformly to outside stimulate.
(D) They may have more than one cell.
Question 28: The word “uniformly” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) in the same way (B) once in a while (C) all of a sudden (D) in the long run
Question 29: The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to
(A) protozoans (B) microscopes (C) investigations (D) colonies
Question 30: Which of the following statements are NOT true of protozoans?
(A) There are approximately 40,000 species.
(B) They are the most primitive forms of animal life.
(C) They have a large cell and a smaller cell.
(D) They are difficult to observe.
Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the
classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly
meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become
commonplace.
One should be wary, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because
reading aloud was a distraction to others. Examinations of factors related to the historical
development of silent reading have revealed that it became the usual mode of reading for most
adults mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.
The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy and thus in the number of readers.
As the number of readers increased, the number of potential listeners declined and thus there was
some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less
common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as
libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other
readers.
Towards the end of the century, there was still considerable argument over whether books
should be used for information or treated respectfully and over whether the reading of materials
such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed, this argument remains with
us still in education. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and
was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a
specialised readership on the other.
By the end of the twentieth century, students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to
books and to use reading skills which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader.
The social, cultural and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term
“reading” implied.
Câu 31: Reading aloud was more common in the medieval world because .
A. few people could read to themselves
B. there were few places available for private reading
C. silent reading had not been discovered
D. people relied on reading for entertainment
Câu 32: The word “commonplace” in the first paragraph mostly means “___ ”.
A. attracting attention B. for everybody’s use C. most preferable D. widely used
Câu 33: The development of silent reading during the last century indicated .
A. an increase in the number of books B. an increase in the average age of readers
C. a change in the status of literate people D. a change in the nature of reading
Câu 34: Silent reading, especially in public places, flourished mainly because of ___.
A. the decreasing need to read aloud B. the development of libraries
C. the increase in literacy D. the decreasing number of listeners
Câu 35: It can be inferred that the emergence of the mass media and specialised reading
materials was an indication of ___.
A. a decline of standards of literacy B. a change in the readers’ interest
C. an improvement of printing techniques D. an alteration in educationalists’ attitudes
Câu 36: The phrase “a specialised readership” in paragraph 4 mostly means “ ”.
A. a status for readers specialised in mass media
 B. a limited number of readers in a particular area of knowledge
C. a requirement for readers in a particular area of knowledge
D. a reading volume for particular professionals
Câu 37: All of the following might be the factors that affected the continuation of the old shared
literacy culture EXCEPT .
A. the inappropriate reading skills B. the printed mass media
C. the diversity of reading materials D. the specialised readership

The Sun today is a yellow dwarf star. It is fueled by thermonuclear reactions near its center
that convert hydrogen to helium. The Sun has existed in its present state for about four billion six
hundred million years and is thousands of times larger than the Earth.
By studying other stars, astronomers can predict what the rest of the Sun’s life will be like.
About five billion years from now, the core of the Sun will shrink and become hotter. The
surface temperature will fall. The higher temperature of the center will increase the rate of
thermonuclear reactions. The outer regions of the Sun will expand approximately 35 million
miles, about the distance to Mercury, which is the closest planet to the Sun. The Sun will then be
a red giant star. Temperatures on the Earth will become too high for life to exist.
Once the Sun has used up its thermonuclear energy as a red giant, it will begin to shrink. After
it shrinks to the size of the Earth, it will become a white dwarf star. The Sun may throw off huge
amounts of gases in violent eruptions called nova explosions as it changes from a red giant to a
white dwarf.
After billions of years as a white dwarf, the Sun will have used up all its fuel and will have
lost its heat. Such a star is called a black dwarf. After the Sun has become a black dwarf, the
Earth will be dark and cold. If any atmosphere remains there, it will have frozen over the Earth’s
surface.
Câu 38: It can be inferred from the passage that the Sun ___.
A. has been in existence for 10 billion years
B. is approximately halfway through its life as a yellow dwarf
C. will continue to be a yellow dwarf for another 10 billion years
D. is rapidly changing in size and brightness
Câu 39: When the Sun becomes a red giant, what will the atmosphere be like on the Earth?
 A. It will become too hot for life to exist.
B. It will be enveloped in the expanding surface of the sun.
C. It will freeze and become solid.
D. It will be almost destroyed by nova explosions.
Câu 40: Large amounts of gases may be released from the Sun at the end of its life as a .
A. white dwarf B. red giant C. yellow dwarf D. black dwarf
Câu 41: As a white dwarf, the Sun will be ___.
A. a cool and habitable planet B. the same size as the planet Mercury
C. thousands of times smaller than it is today D. around 35 million miles in diameter
Câu 42: The Sun will become a black dwarf when ___.
A. the outer regions of the Sun expand B. it has used up all its fuel as a white dwarf
C. the Sun moves nearer to the Earth D. the core of the Sun becomes hotter
Câu 43: The word “there” in the last sentence of paragraph 4 refers to .
A. our own planet B. the core of a black dwarf
C. the outer surface of the Sun D. the planet Mercury
Câu 44: This passage is intended to ___.
A. describe the changes that the Sun will go through
B. discuss conditions on the Earth in the far future
C. alert people to the dangers posed by the Sun
D. present a theory about red giant stars
Câu 45: The passage has probably been taken from ___.
A. a scientific chronicle B. a news report
C. a work of science fiction D. a scientific journal

(1) The protozoans, minute, aquatic creatures each of which consists of a single cell of protoplasm,
constitute a classification of the most primitive forms of animal life. They are fantastically diverse,
but three major groups may be identified on the basis of their motility. The Mastigophora have one or
more long tails, which they use to project themselves forward. The Ciliata, which use the same basic
means for locomotion as the Mastigophora, have a larger number of short tails. The Sarcodina, which
include amoebae, float or row themselves about on their crusted bodies.
(2) In addition to their form of movement, several other features discriminate among the three groups
of protozoans. For example, at least two nuclei per cell have been identified in the Ciliata, usually a
large nucleus that regulates growth but decomposes during reproduction, and a smaller one that
contains the genetic code necessary to generate the large nucleus.
(3) Protozoans are considered animals because, unlike pigmented plants to which some protozoans
are otherwise almost identical, they do not live on simple organic compounds. Their cell demonstrates
all of the major characteristics of the cells of higher animals.
(4) Many species of protozoans collect into colonies, physically connected to each other and
responding uniformly to outside stimulae. Current research into this phenomenon, along with
investigations carried out with advanced microscopes may necessitate a redefinition of what
constitutes protozoans, even calling into question the basic premise that they have only one cell.
Nevertheless, with the current data available, almost 40,000 species of protozoans have been identified.
No doubt, as the technology improves our methods of observation, better models of classification will
be proposed.
Câu 46: With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?
A. Colonies of protozoans B. Mastigophora
C. Motility in protozoans D. Characteristics of protozoans
Câu 47: The word “minute” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by
A. Very common B. Very fast C. Very old D. Very small
Câu 48: Where do protozoans probably live?
A. Water B. Sand C. Grass D. Wood
Câu 49: What is protoplasm?
A. A class of protozoan B. The substance that forms the cell of a protozoan
C. A primitive animal similar to a protozoan D. An animal that developed from a protozoan
Câu 50: The word “uniformly” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A. in the same way B. once in a while C. all of a sudden D. in the long run
Câu 51: The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to
A. protozoans B. microscopes C. investigations D. colonies
Câu 52: Which of the following statements are NOT true of protozoans?
A. There are approximately 40,000 species.
B. They are the most primitive forms of animal life.
 C. They have a large cell and a smaller cell.
D. They are difficult to observe.

(1) It was the first photograph that I had ever seen, and it fascinated me. I can remember holding it at
every angle in order to catch the flickering light from the oil lamp on the dresser. The man in the
photograph was unsmiling, but his eyes were kind. I had never met him, but I felt that I knew him.
One evening when I was looking at the photograph, as I always did before I went to sleep, I noticed a
shadow across the man’s thin face. I moved the photograph so that the shadow lay perfectly around
his hollow cheecks. How different he looked!
(2) That night I could not sleep, thinking about the letter that I would write. First, I would tell him that
I was eleven years old, and that if he had a little girl my age, she could write to me instead of him. I
knew that he was a very busy man. Then I would explain to him the real purpose of my letter. I would
tell him how wonderful he looked with the shadow that I had seen across his photograph, and I would
most carefully suggest that he grow whiskers.
(3) Four months later when I met him at the train station near my home in Westfield, New York, he
was wearing a full beard. He was so much taller than I had imagined from my tiny photograph.
(4) “Ladies and gentlemen,” he said, “I have no speech to make and no time to make it in. I appear
before you that I may see you and that you may see me.” Then he picked me right up and kissed me
on both cheeks. The whiskers scratched. “Do you think I look better, my little friend?” he asked me.
(5) My name is Grace Bedell, and the man in the photograph was Abraham Lincoln.
Câu 53: What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?
A. To explain how Grace Bedell took a photograph of Abraham Lincoln
B. To explain why Abraham Lincoln wore a beard
C. To explain why the first photographs were significant in American life
D. To explain why Westfield is an important city
Câu 54: The word “fascinated” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by
A. interested B. frightened C. confused D. disgusted
Câu 55: The man in the photograph
A. was smiling B. had a beard C. had a round, fat face D. looked kind
Câu 56: What did Grace Bedell do every night before she went to sleep?
A. She wrote letters. B. She looked at the photograph.
 C. She made shadow figures on the wall. D. She read stories.
Câu 57: The little girl could not sleep because she was
A. sick B. excited C. lonely D. sad
Câu 58: The word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to
A. Time B. Speech C. Photograph D. Station
Câu 59: From this passage, it may be inferred that
A. Grace Bedell was the only one at the train station when Lincoln stopped at Westfield B.
There were many people waiting for Lincoln to arrive on the train
C. Lincoln made a long speech at the station in Westfield
D. Lincoln was offended by the letter
Câu 60: Why did the author wait until the last line to reveal the identity of the man in the
photograph?
A. The author did not know it.
B. The author wanted to make the reader fell foolish.
C. The author wanted to build the interest and curiosity of the reader.
D. The author was just a little girl.
Very few people in the modern world obtain their food supply by hunting and gathering in the
natural environment surrounding their homes. This method of harvesting from nature’s provision
is the oldest subsistence strategy, and has been practiced for at least the last two million years. It
was, indeed, the only way to obtain food until rudimentary farming and the domestication of
wild animals were introduced about 10,000 years ago.
Because hunter-gatherers have fared poorly in comparison with their agricultural cousins,
their numbers have dwindled, and they have been forced to live in marginal environments, such
as deserts and arctic wastelands. In higher latitudes, the shorter growing season has restricted the
availability of plant life. Such conditions have caused a greater independence on hunting, and
along the coasts and waterways, on fishing. The abundance of vegetation in the lower latitudes of
the tropics, on the other hand, has provided a greater opportunity for gathering a variety of
plants. In short, the environmental differences have restricted the diet and have limited
possibilities for the development of subsistence societies. Contemporary hunter-gatherers may
help us understand our prehistoric ancestors. We know from observation of modern hunter-
gatherers in both Africa and Alaska that society based on hunting and gathering must be very
mobile. While the entire community camps in a central location, a smaller party harvests the
food within a reasonable distance from the camp. When the food in the area is exhausted, the
community moves on to exploit another site. We also notice seasonal migration on patterns
evolving for most hunter-gatherers, along with a strict division of labor between sexes. These
patterns of behavior may be similar to those practiced by mankind during the Paleolithic Period.
Question 61: With which of the following topics is the passage primarily concerned?
A. The Paleolithic period B. Subsistence farming
C. Hunter-gatherers D. Marginal environment
Question 62: Which is the oldest subsistence strategy?
A. Migrating B. Domesticating animals
C. Farming D. Hunting and gathering
Question 63: The word “rudimentary” is closet in meaning to _____.
A. rough B. preliminary C. ancient D. backward
Question 64: When was hunting and gathering introduced?
A. 1,000,000 years ago B. 2,000,000 years ago
C. 10,000 years ago D. 2,000 years ago
Question 65: What conditions exist in the lower latitude?
A. Greater dependence on hunting. B. More coats and waterways for fishing.
C. A shorter growing season. D. A large variety of plant life.
Question 66: The word “mobile” in the passage can be replaced by _____.
A. transportable B. carried C. movable D. portable
Question 67: Which of the following is not mentioned in the above passage?
A. More and more people in the modern time live on the food they gather in the natural
environment around their homes.
B. The more vegetable in the lower latitude in the tropics there is, the greater opportunity for
gathering plants there are.
C. Because of the shorter growing season in higher latitude, the availability of plants is
limited.
D. The environmental differences result in restricted diet.
 Quite different from storm surges are the giant sea waves called tsunamis, which derive their
name from the Japanese expression for “high water in a harbor.” These waves are also referred to
by the general public as tidal waves, although they have relatively little to do with tides.
Scientists often referred to them as seismic sea waves, far more appropriate in that they do result
from undersea seismic activity.
Tsunamis are caused when the sea bottom suddenly moves, during an underwater earthquake
or volcano for example, and the water above the moving earth is suddenly displaced. This
sudden shift of water sets off a series of waves. These waves can travel great distances at speeds
close to 700 kilometers per hour. In the open ocean, tsunamis have little noticeable amplitude,
often no more than one or two meters. It is when they hit the shallow waters near the coast that
they increase in height, possibly up to 40 meters.
Tsunamis often occur in the Pacific because the Pacific is an area of heavy seismic activity.
Two areas of the Pacific well accustomed to the threat of tsunamis are Japan and Hawaii.
Because the seismic activity that causes tsunamis in Japan often occurs on the ocean bottom
quite close to the islands, the tsunamis that hit Japan often come with little warning and can,
therefore, prove disastrous. Most of the tsunamis that hit the Hawaiian Islands, however,
originate thousands of miles away near the coast of Alaska, so these tsunamis have a much
greater distance to travel and the inhabitants of Hawaii generally have time for warning of their
imminent arrival.
Tsunamis are certainly not limited to Japan and Hawaii. In 1755, Europe experienced a
calamitous tsunami, when movement along the fault lines near the Azores caused a massive
tsunami to sweep onto the Portuguese coast and flood the heavily populated area around Lisbon.
The greatest tsunami on record occurred on the other side of the world in 1883 when the
Krakatoa volcano underwent a massive explosion, sending waves more than 30 meters high onto
nearby Indonesian islands; the tsunami from this volcano actually traveled around the world and
was witnessed as far away as the English Channel.
Question 68: The paragraph preceding this passage most probably discusses _____.
A. tides B. underwater earthquakes
C. storm surges D. tidal waves
Question 69: According to the passage, all of the following are true about tidal waves except
that _____.
 A. they are the same as tsunamis
B. they refer to the same phenomenon as seismic sea waves
C. they are caused by sudden changes in high and low tides
D. this terminology is not used by the scientific community
Question 70: The word “displaced” in line 6 is closet in meaning to _____.
A. located B. moved C. filtered D. not pleased
Question 71: It can be inferred from the passage that tsunamis _____.
A. are often identified by ships on the ocean
B. are far more dangerous on the coast than in the open ocean
C. causes serve damage in the middle if the ocean
D. generally reach heights greater than 40 meters
Question 72: In line 9, water that is “shallow” is NOT _____.
A. coastal B. tidal C. clear D. deep
Question 73: A main difference between tsunamis in Japan and in Hawaii is that tsunamis in
Japan are more likely to _____.
A. arrive without warning B. originate in Alaska
C. be less of a problem D. come from greater distances
Question 74: The possessive “their” in line 15 refers to _____.
A. these tsunamis B. thousands of miles
C. the inhabitants of Hawaii D. the Hawaii Islands
Question 75: The passage suggests that the tsunamis resulting from the Krakatoa volcano _____.
A. resulted in little damage
B. caused volcanic explosions in the English Channel
C. actually traveled around the world
D. was unobserved outside of the Indonesian islands
Millions of people are using cellphones today. In many places, it is actually considered unusual
not to use one. In many countries, cellphones are very popular with young people. They find that
the phones are more than a means of communication - having a mobile phone shows that they
are cool and connected.
The explosion in mobile phone use around the world has made some health professionals
worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems
from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue.
Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that
there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.
On the other hand, medical studies have shown changes in the brain cells of some people who
use mobile phones. Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with
modern scanning equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at young age because
of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the
name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every
day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use,
but his employer's doctor didn't agree.
What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech
machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone
companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry
about.
As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones
less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone
only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in
emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for
your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often.
Câu 76: According to the passage, cellphones are especially popular with young people
because____.
A. they are indispensable in everyday communications
B. they make them look more stylish
C. they keep the users alert all the time
D. they cannot be replaced by regular phones
Câu 77: The changes possibly caused by the cellphones are mainly concerned with ______.
A. the mobility of the mind and the body
B. the smallest units of the brain
C. the arteries of the brain
D. the resident memory
Câu 78: The word "means" in the passage most closely means ______.
 A. “meanings”
B. “expression”
C. “method”
D. “transmission”
Câu 79: Doctors have tentatively concluded that cellphones may ________.
A. damage their users’ emotions
B. cause some mental malfunction
C. change their users’ temperament
D. change their users’ social behaviours
Câu 80: The man mentioned in the passage, who used his cellphone too often, ______.
A. suffered serious loss of mental ability
B. could no longer think lucidly
C. abandoned his family
D. had a problem with memory
Câu 81: According to the writer, people shoul____.
A. only use mobile phones in urgent cases
B. only use mobile phones in medical emergencies
C. keep off mobile phones regularly
D. never use mobile phones in all cases
Câu 82: The most suitable title for the passage could be ______.
A. “The Reasons Why Mobile Phones Are Popular”
B. “Technological Innovations and Their Price”
C. “The Way Mobile Phones Work”
D. “Mobile Phones: A Must of Our Time”

Traditionally in America, helping the poor was a matter for private charities or local
governments. Arriving immigrants depended mainly on predecessors from their homeland to
help them start a new life. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several European nations
instituted public-welfare programs. But such a movement was slow to take hold in the United
States because the rapid pace of industrialization and the ready availability of farmland seemed
to confirm the belief that anyone who was willing to work could find a job.
Most of the programs started during the Depression era were temporary relief measures, but
one of the programs - Social Security - has become an American institution. Paid for by
deductions from the paychecks of working people, Social Security ensures that retired persons
receive a modest monthly income and also provides unemployment insurance, disability
insurance, and other assistance to those who need it. Social Security payments to retired persons
can start at age 62, but many wait until age 65, when the payments are slightly higher. Recently,
there has been concern that the Social Security fund may not have enough money to fulfill its
obligations in the 21st century, when the population of elderly Americans is expected to increase
dramatically. Policy makers have proposed various ways to make up the anticipated deficit, but a
long-term solution is still being debated.
In the years since Roosevelt, other American presidents have established assistance programs.
These include Medicaid and Medicare; food stamps, certificates that people can use to purchase
food; and public housing which is built at federal expense and made available to persons on low
incomes.
Needy Americans can also turn to sources other than the government for help. A broad
spectrum of private charities and voluntary organizations is available. Volunteerism is on the rise
in the United States, especially among retired persons. It is estimated that almost 50 percent of
Americans over age 18 do volunteer work, and nearly 75 percent of U.S. households contribute
money to charity.
Câu 83: New immigrants to the U.S. could seek help from ______.
A. the people who came earlier
B. the US government agencies
C. only charity organizations
D. volunteer organizations
Câu 84: It took welfare programs a long time to gain a foothold in the U.S. due to the fast
growth of___.
A. industrialization B. modernization C. urbanization D. population
Câu 85: The word “instituted” in the first paragraph mostly means ______.
A. “executed” B. “studied” C. “introduced” D. “enforced”
Câu 86: Most of the public assistance programs ____ after the severe economic crisis.
A. were introduced into institutions
B. did not become institutionalized
C. functioned fruitfully in institutions
D. did not work in institutions
Câu 87: That Social Security payments will be a burden comes from the concern that ______.
A. elderly people ask for more money
B. the program discourages working people
C. the number of elderly people is growing
D. younger people do not want to work
Câu 88: Americans on low incomes can seek help from ______.
A. federal government B. government agencies
C. state governments D. non-government agencies
Câu 89: Public assistance has become more and more popular due to the ______.
A. young people’s voluntarism only B. volunteer organizations
C. people’s growing commitment to charity D. innovations in the tax system
Câu 90: The passage mainly discusses ______.
A. public assistance in America B. immigration into America
C. funding agencies in America D. ways of fund-raising in America

Probably the most famous film commenting on the twentieth-century technology is Modern
Times, made in 1936. Charlie Chaplin was motivated to make the film by a reporter who, while
interviewing him, happened to describe the working conditions in industrial Detroit. Chaplin was
told that healthy young farm boys were lured to the city to work on automotive assembly lines.
Within four or five years, these young men’s health was destroyed by the stress of work in the
factories.
The film opens with a shot of a mass of sheep making their way down a crowded ramp.
Abruptly, the film shifts to a scene of factory workers jostling one another on their way to a
factory. However, the rather bitter note of criticism in the implied comparison is not sustained. It
is replaced by a gentle note of satire. Chaplin prefers to entertain rather than lecture.
 Scenes of factory interiors account for only about one-third of Modern Times, but they
contain some of the most pointed social commentary as well as the most comic situations. No
one who has seen the film can ever forget Chaplin vainly trying to keep pace with the fast-
moving conveyor belt, almost losing his mind in the process. Another popular scene involves an
automatic feeding machine brought to the assembly line so that workers need not interrupt their
labor to eat. The feeding machine malfunctions, hurling food at Chaplin, who is strapped in his
position on the assembly line and cannot escape. This serves to illustrate people’s utter
helplessness in the face of machines that are meant to serve their basic needs.
Clearly, Modern Times has its faults, but it remains the best film treating technology within a
social context. It does not offer a radical social message, but it does accurately reflect the
sentiment of many who feel they are victims of an over-mechanised world.
Question 91: According to the passage, Chaplin got the idea for Modern Times from ______.
A. a movie B. a conversation C. a newspaper D. fieldwork
Question 92: The young farm boys went to the city because they were ______.
A. promised better accommodation
B. driven out of their sheep farm
C. attracted by the prospect of a better life
D. forced to leave their sheep farm
Question 93: The phrase “jostling one another” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to
“______”.
A. jogging side by side B. pushing one another
C. hurrying up together D. running against each other
Question 94: According to the passage, the opening scene of the film is intended ______.
A. to reveal the situation of the factory workers
B. to introduce the main characters of the film
C. to produce a tacit association
D. to give the setting for the entire plot later
Question 95: The word “vainly” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to “______”.
A. recklessly B. carelessly C. hopelessly D. effortlessly
Question 96: According to the author, about two-thirds of Modern Times ______.
A. entertains the audience most B. is rather discouraging
 C. was shot outside a factory D. is more critical than the rest
Question 97: The author refers to all of the following notions to describe Modern Times
EXCEPT “______”.
A. satire B. entertainment C. criticism D. revolution

Very few people in the modern world obtain their food supply by hunting and gathering in the
natural environment surrounding their homes. This method of harvesting from nature’s provision
is the oldest known subsistence strategy and has been practised for at least the last two million
years. It was, indeed, the only way to obtain food until rudimentary farming and the
domestication of wild animals were introduced about 10,000 years ago.
Because hunter-gatherers have fared poorly in comparison with their agricultural cousins,
their numbers have dwindled, and they have been forced to live in marginal environments, such
as deserts and arctic wastelands. In higher latitudes, the shorter growing seasons have restricted
the availability of plant life. Such conditions have caused a greater dependence on hunting, and
on fishing along the coasts and waterways. The abundance of vegetation in the lower latitudes of
the tropics, on the other hand, has provided a greater opportunity for gathering a variety of
plants. In short, the environmental differences have restricted the diet and have limited
possibilities for the development of subsistence societies.
Contemporary hunter-gatherers may help us understand our prehistoric ancestors. We know
from the observation of modern hunter-gatherers in both Africa and Alaska that a society based
on hunting and gathering must be very mobile. While the entire community camps in a central
location, a smaller party harvests the food within a reasonable distance from the camp. When the
food in the area has become exhausted, the community moves on to exploit another site. We also
notice seasonal migration patterns evolving for most hunter-gatherers, along with a strict division
of labor between the sexes. These patterns of behavior may be similar to those practised by
mankind during the Paleolithic Period.
Question 98: The word “domestication” in the first paragraph mostly means ______.
A. hatching and raising new species of wild animals in the home
B. adapting animals to suit a new working environment
C. teaching animals to do a particular job or activity in the home
D. making wild animals used to living with and working for humans
Question 99: According to the passage, subsistence societies depend mainly on ______.
A. agricultural products B. hunter-gatherers’ tools
C. nature’s provision D. farming methods
Question 100: In the lower latitudes of the tropics, hunter-gatherers ______.
A. have better food gathering from nature
B. can free themselves from hunting
C. harvest shorter seasonal crops
D. live along the coasts and waterways for fishing
Question 101: According to the passage, studies of contemporary subsistence societies can
provide a___.
A. further understanding of prehistoric times
B. broader vision of prehistoric natural environments
C. further understanding of modern subsistence societies
D. deeper insight into the dry-land farming
Question 102: The word “conditions” in the second paragraph refers to ______.
A. the environments where it is not favorable for vegetation to grow
B. the situations in which hunter-gatherers hardly find anything to eat
C. the places where plenty of animals and fish can be found
D. the situations in which hunter-gatherers can grow some crops
Question 103: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned?
A. The number of hunter-gatherers decreases where farming is convenient.
B. Hunting or fishing develops where there are no or short growing seasons.
C. Harvesting from the natural environment had existed long before farming was taken up.
D. The environmental differences produce no effect on subsistence societies.
Question 104: According to the author, most contemporary and prehistoric hunter-gatherers
share_____.
A. only the way of duty division B. some restricted daily rules
C. some methods of production D. some patterns of behavior
Question 105: Which of the following would serve as the best title of the passage?
A. Hunter-gatherers: Always on the Move
B. Hunter-gatherers and Subsistence Societies
 C. Evolution of Humans’ Farming Methods
D. A Brief History of Subsistence Farmi

(1) The initial contact between American Indians and European settlers usually involved trade,
whereby Indians acquired tools and firearms and the Europeans obtained furs. These initial
events usually pitted Indian tribes against each other as they competed for the European trade
and for the lands containing fur-producing animals. When the furs had been depleted, the
Europeans began a campaign to obtain the lands the Indians occupied. The Indians often formed
confederations and alliances to fight back the Europeans; however, the Indians’ involvement in
the white people’s wars usually disrupted these confederations. Indians resisted the attempts by
the whites to displace them. They fought defensive wars such as the Black Hawk War in 1832.
Indian uprisings also occurred, like the Sioux uprising in the 1860s.
(2) Despite the resistance of the Indians, the Europeans were destined to win the conflict.
After Indian resistance was crushed, the whites legitimized the taking of Indian lands by
proposing treaties, frequently offering gifts to Indian chiefs to get them sign the treaties. Once an
Indian group had signed a treaty, the whites proceeded to remove them from their land. Often the
Indians were forced west of the Mississippi into Indian Territory-land the whites considered
uninhabitable. If only a few Indians remained after the conquest, they were often absorbed by
local tribes or forced onto reservations.
(3) No aspect of American history is more poignant than the accounts of the forced removal
of Indians across the continent. As white settlers migrated farther west, Indians were forced to
sign new treaties giving up the lands earlier treaties had promised them. Some Indian tribes,
realizing the futility of resistance, accepted their fate and moved westward without force. The
Winnebagos, who offered little resistance, were shifted from place to place between 1829 and
1866. About half of them perished during their perpetual sojourn. Other tribes, however, bitterly
resisted. The Seminoles signed a treaty in 1832 but violently resisted removal. Hostilities broke
out in 1835 and continued for seven years. The United States government lost nearly 1,500 men
and spent over $50 million in its attempts to crush Seminole resistance. Most of Seminoles were
eventually forced to Indian Territory. However, several hundred remained in the Florida
Everglades, where their descendants live today.
Question 106: What does the passage mainly discuss? [Ph¸ t hµnh bëi dethithpt.com]
 A. Violation of treaties by white settlers.
B. Conflict between American Indians and Europeans settlers.
C. The diverse cultures of American Indian tribes.
D. Trade between American Indians and European settlers.
Question 107: The word “legitimized” in paragraph 2 is closet in meaning to _____.
A. encouraged B. wrote to support C. justified D. coordinated
Question 108: It can be concluded from the line 8-10 that _____.
A. Both Indians and European wanted to end the conflict by signing treaties
B. Indian chiefs were easily bribed by economic offerings
C. Europeans showed great speaking skill in their treaty proposals
D. Europeans had greater military, political, and economic power than Indians
Question 109: The author makes the point that Indian Territory was _____.
A. where a few Indians remained
B. in the western part of Mississippi.
C. where several battles between Indians and whites took place.
D. considered undesirable by European settlers.
Question 110: According to the passage, which of the following did NOT happen?
A. Treaties allowed Indians to live where they wanted.
B. Indians tribes formed alliances with other tribes.
C. Indians were forced to live on reservations.
D. Indians rebelled against European settlers.
Question 111: In line 14-16, the author implies that _____.
A. Indian treaties and removal were minor events in American history.
B. new treaties promised Indians more land than had the earlier treaties
C. many accounts of Indian removal are not true
D. Indian removal was a shameful tragedy of American history
Question 112: The word “futility” could be best replaced by _____.
A. uselessness B. expense C. importance D. advantage

No educational medium better as means of spatial communication than the atlas. Atlases deal
with such invaluable information as population distribution and density. One of the best,
Pennycooke's World Atlas, has been widely accepted as a standard owing to the quality of its
maps and photographs, which not only show various settlements but also portray them in a
variety of scales. In fact, the very first map in the atlas is a cleverly designed population
cartogram that projects the size of each country if geographical size were proportional to
population. Following the proportional layout, a sequence of smaller maps shows the world’s
population density, each country’s birth and death rates, population increase or decrease,
industrialization, urbanization, gross national product in terms of per capita income, the quality
of medical care, literacy, and language. To give readers a perspective on how their own country
fits in with the global view, additional projections depict the world's patterns in nutrition, calorie
and protein consumption, health care, number of physicians per unit of population, and life
expectancy by region. Population density maps on a subcontinental scale, as well as political
maps. Convey the diverse demographic phenomena of the world in a broad array of scales.
Question 113: What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The educational benefits of atlases.
B. Physical maps in an atlas.
C. The ideal in the making of atlases.
D. Partial maps and their uses.
Question 114: According to the passage, the first map in Pennycooke's World Atlas
shows______.
A. the population policy in each country
B. the hypothetical sizes of each country
C. geographical proportions of each country
D. national boundaries relative to population
Question 115: In the passage, the word “invaluable” is closet in meaning to ______.
A. incremental B. invalid C. priceless D. shapeless
Question 116: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. calorie consumption B. currency exchange rates
C. a level of educations D. population decline
Question 117: The word “layout” in the passage refers to _____.
A. the cartogram B. the geographical size
C. population D. each country
Question 118: It can be inferred from the passage that maps can be used to _____.
A. pinpoint ethnic strife in each country
B. identify a shortage of qualified labor
C. give readers a new perspective on their own country
D. show readers photographs in a new form
Question 119: The author of the passage implies that _____.
A. atlases provide a bird's eye view of countries
B. maps use a variety of scales in each projection
C. maps of countries differ in size
D. atlases can be versatile instrument
Question 120 The word “convey” in the passage is closest meaning to _____.
A. devise B. conjure up C. demonstrate D. indicate
Whales are the largest animals in the world, and the gentlest creatures we know. Although the
whale is very huge, it is not hindered at all by its size when it is in the water. Whales have tails
that end like flippers. With just a gentle flick, it can propel itself forward. The skin of a whale is
so smooth that it does not create any friction that can slow the whale down. A whale’s breathing
hole is located on the top of its head, so it can breathe without having to completely push its head
out of the water. Whales are protected from the cold seawater by body fat that is called blubber.
(Dethithpt.com)
Whales live in the ocean but, in terms of behaviours, they are more similar to humans than
fish. They live in family groups and they even travel in groups when they have to migrate from
cooler to warmer waters. The young stay with their parents for as long as fifteen years. Whales
are known not to desert the ill or injured members; instead, they cradle them.
When whales are in danger, there are people who go to great lengths to help them. One such
case occurred in 1988, when three young whales were trapped in the sea. It was close to winter
and the sea had begun to freeze over. Whales are mammals that require oxygen from the air, so
the frozen ice was a great danger to them. All they had then was a tiny hole in the ice for them to
breathe through. Volunteers from all over soon turned up to help these creatures. They cut holes
in the ice to provide more breathing holes for the whales. These holes would also serve as guides
for the whales so that they could swim to warmer waters.
(Adapted from http://www.englishdaily626.com?reading_comprehension)
Question 121: Which of the following best describes the main idea of this passage?
A. Successful attempts to rescue whales all over the world
B. Some remarkable similarities of whales to humans
C. Whales as the largest, gentlest but vulnerable creatures
D. Whales as the only animals to live in warm water
Question 122: Whales can move easily in water thanks to their .
A. tail and blubber B. size and head C. tail and skin D. skin and head
Question 123: Where is the whale’s breathing hole located?
A. On its head B. On its back C. On its face D. On its tail
Question 124: According to paragraph 2, the author mentions all of the following to show that
whales “are more similar to humans” EXCEPT .
A. they do not desert the ill or injured members
B. they do not migrate from cooler to warmer waters
C. they live in family groups and travel in groups
D. the young stay with their parents for almost fifteen years
Question 125: The word “tiny” in paragraph 3 probably means .
A. very small B. very deep C. very fat D. very ugly
Question 126: The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to .
A. guides B. holes C. the whales D. warmer waters
Question 127: According to the passage, why was the frozen ice on the sea surface a danger to
whales?
A. Because they couldn’t swim in icy cold water.
B. Because they couldn’t eat when the weather was too cold.
C. Because whales couldn’t breathe without sufficient oxygen.
D. Because the water was too cold for them as they were warm-blooded.

It's called 42 - the name taken from the answer to the meaning of life, from the science fiction
series The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. 42 was founded by French technology billionaire
Xavier Niel, whose backing means there are no tuition fees and accommodation is free. Mr Niel
and his co-founders come from the world of technology and start-ups, and they are trying to do
to education what Facebook did to communication and Airbnb to accommodation.
 Students at 42 are given a choice of projects that they might be set in a job as a software
engineer - perhaps to design a website or a computer game. They complete a project using
resources freely available on the Internet and by seeking help from their fellow students, who
work alongside them in a large open-plan room full of computers. Another student will then be
randomly assigned to mark their work.
The founders claim this method of learning makes up for shortcomings in the traditional
education system, which they say encourages students to be passive recipients of knowledge.
"Peer-to-peer learning develops students with the confidence to search for solutions by
themselves, often in quite creative and ingenious ways."
Like in computer games, the students are asked to design and they go up a level by
completing a project. They graduate when they reach level 21, which usually takes three to five
years. And at the end, there is a certificate but no formal degree. Recent graduates are now
working at companies including IBM, Amazon, and Tesla, as well as starting their own firms.
"The feedback we have had from employers is that our graduates are more apt to go off and
find out information for themselves, rather than asking their supervisors what to do next," says
Brittany Bir, chief operating officer of 42 in California and a graduate of its sister school in
Paris. Ms Bir says 42's graduates will be better able to work with others and discuss and defend
their ideas - an important skill in the “real world” of work. "This is particularly important in
computer programming, where individuals are notorious for lacking certain human skills," she
says. (Dethithpt.com)
But could 42's model of teacher less learning work in mainstream universities? Brittany Bir
admits 42's methods do not suit all students. "It suits individuals who are very disciplined and
self-motivated, and who are not scared by having the freedom to work at their own pace," she
says.
(Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/news/business-37694248)
Question 128: According to the passage, 42 is .
A. a kind of school B. a type of accommodation
C. an innovation in technology D. a tool of virtual communication
Question 129: The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to .
A. students at 42 B. projects C. resources D. software engineers
Question 130: The author mentions “to design a website or a computer game” in paragraph 2
to illustrate___.
A. a job that a French software engineer always does
B. a choice of assignment that students at 42 have to complete
C. a free resource available on the Internet
D. a help that students at 42 get for their work
Question 131: What do 42’s graduates receive on completion of their course?
A. a certificate B. a degree C. a project D. a design
Question 132: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The founders of 42 share the idea of providing free service on Facebook.
B. It normally takes 42’s students at least five years to complete their course.
C. The students of 42 are required to play computer games during their course.
D. 42’s peer-to-peer approach promotes active learning and working.
Question 133: According to Ms Bir, 42’s graduates will be able to improve .
A. the skills of giving feedback
B. the skills of searching for information
C. the skills of teamwork and debating
D. the skills of software programming
Question 134: The word “notorious” in paragraph 5 can be best replaced by .
A. respectable B. incompetent C. infamous D. memorable
Question 135: It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. 42 is a good choice for people of all ages and nationalities
B. all 42’s graduates are employed by world leading technology companies
C. 42’s students have to handle the task assigned without any assistance
D. 42 adopts project-based and problem-solving learning methods

(1) Aging is the process of growing old. It occurs eventually in every living thing provided, of
course, that an illness or accident does not kill it prematurely. The most familiar outward signs of
aging may be seen in old people, such as the graying of the hair and the wrinkling of the skin.
Signs of aging in a pet dog or cat include loss of playfulness and energy, a decline in hearing and
eyesight, or even a slight graying of the coat. Plants age too, but the signs are much harder to
detect.
(2) Most body parts grow bigger and stronger, and function more efficiently during childhood.
They reach their peak at the time of maturity, or early adulthood. After that, they begin to
decline. Bones, for example, gradually become lighter and more brittle. In the aged, the joints
between the bones also become rigid and more inflexible. This can make moving very painful.
(Dethithpt.com)
(3) All the major organs of the body show signs of aging. The brain, for example, works less
efficiently, and even gets smaller in size. Thinking processes of all sorts are slowed down. Old
people often have trouble in remembering recent events.
(4) One of the most serious changes of old age occurs in the arteries, the blood vessels that
lead from the heart. They become thickened and constricted, allowing less blood to flow to the
rest of body. This condition accounts, directly or indirectly, for many of the diseases of the aged.
It may, for example, result in heart attack.
(5) Aging is not a uniform process. Different parts of the body wear out at different rates.
There are great differences among people in their rate of aging. Even the cells of the body differ
in the way they age. The majority of cells are capable of reproducing themselves many times
during the course of a lifetime. Nerve cells and muscle fibers can never be replaced once they
wear out.
(6) Gerontologists - scientists who study the process of aging - believe this wearing out of the
body is controlled by a built-in biological time-clock. They are trying to discover how this clock
works so that they can slow down the process. This could give man a longer life and a great
number of productive years.
Question 136: What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. Signs of aging are easier to detect in animals than in plants.
B. Aging occurs in every living thing after it has reached maturity.
C. Not all signs of aging are visible.
D. The outward signs of aging may be seen in old people.
Question 137: What does the word “it” in line 2 refers to?
A. aging B. a living thing C. an illness D. an accident
Question 138: All of the followings may be the outward signs of aging EXCEPT _____.
 A. the graying of the hair B. the wrinkling of the skin
C. the decline in hearing and eyesight D. the loss of appetite
Question 139: When does the human body begin to lose vigor and the ability to function
efficiently?
A. Soon after reaching adulthood B. During childhood
C. Early adulthood D. Past middle age
Question 140: The word “brittle” as used in the second paragraph means _____.
A. soft and easily bent B. hard and endurable
C. hard but easily broken D. rigid and inflexible
Question 141: According to the passage, what condition is responsible for many of the diseases
of the old?
A. The arteries have become thickened and constricted.
B. The blood vessels lead from the heart.
C. The brain gets smaller in size.
D. Bones become lighter and brittle.
Question 142: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. All living things grow old.
B. Aging is unavoidable in any living things.
C. Plants show less signs of aging than any other living things.
D. Most body parts wear out during the course of a lifetime.

(1) Increasing numbers of parents in the U.S. are choosing to teach their children at home. In
fact, the U.S. Department of Education has estimated that in 1999, about 850,000 children were
being homeschooled. Some educational experts say that the real number is double this estimate,
and the ranks of homeschooled children seem to be growing at the average rate of about eleven
percent every year.
(2) At one time, there was a theory accounting for homeschooling: it was traditionally used
for students who could not attend school because of behavioral or learning difficulties. Today,
however, more parents are taking on the responsibility of educating their own children at home
due to their dissatisfaction with the educational system. Many parents are unhappy about class
size, as well as problems inside the classroom. Teacher shortages and lack of funding mean that,
in many schools, one teacher is responsible for thirty or forty students. The children are,
therefore, deprived of the attention they need. Escalating classroom violence has also motivated
some parents to remove their children from school.
(3) Although there have been a lot of arguments for and against it, homeschooling in the U.S.
has become a multi-million dollar industry, and it is growing bigger and bigger. There are now
plenty of websites, support groups, and conventions that help parents protect their rights and
enable them to learn more about educating their children. Though once it was the only choice for
troubled children, homeschooling today is an accepted alternative to an educational system that
many believe is failing.
Question 143: The number of parents who want to teach their own children in the U.S. is _____.
A. remaining unchanged B. remaining the same
C. going up D. going down
Question 144: The past participle “homeschooled” in the first paragraph is best equivalent to “_
at home”.
A. be taught B. self-learned C. untaught D. self-studied
Question 145: This estimated number was presented by _____.
A. a government office B. school teachers
C. the parents D. homeschooled children
Question 146: According to some experts, the exact number of homeschooled children in the US
in the last year of the 20th century must be _____.
A. 1,600,000 B. 850,000 C. 1,900,000 D. 1,700,000
Question 147: More parents teach their children because they completely _ the current
educational system. (Dethithpt.com)
A. please with B. object to C. appeal to D. approve of
Question 148: The noun “dissatisfaction” in this paragraph is best equivalent to “_____”.
A. disappointment B. disagreement C. discrimination D. discouragement
Question 149: Many parents stop their children from going to school because it is now too __
for them.
A. explosive B. expensive C. dangerous D. humorous
Question 150: The attitude of the author towards homeschooling can be best described as _____.
 A. acceptable B. favorable C. remarkable D. unfavorable

LEVELS OF VOCABULARY
Most languages have several levels of vocabulary that may be used by the same speakers. In
English, at least three have been identified and described.
Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a
majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As
such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries.
Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost
all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered acceptable
for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang,
refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as
appropriate formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found
in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more
common in speech than writing.
Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard
speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some
cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their
collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar
objects and events.
It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary
for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of
new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of
subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.
Finally, it is worth noting that the terms “standard”, “colloquial”, and “slang” exist only as
abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any
language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of
English will, during appropriate situations, select and use three types of expressions.
Câu 151: Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
A. Standard speech B. Idiomatic phrases
C. Different types of vocabulary D. Dictionary usage
Câu 152: How is slang defined by the author?
A. Words and phrases accepted by the majority of formal usage.
B. Words or phrases understood by the majority but not found in standard dictionaries.
C. Words or phrases that are understood by a restricted group of speakers.
 D. Words or phrases understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as formal usage.
Câu 153: The word “appropriate” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. old B. large C. correct D. important
Câu 154: The word “them” in paragraph 3 refers to _____.
A. words B. slang phrases C. memories D. the majority
Câu 155: What does the author mean by the statement in paragraph 2: “Colloquialisms, on the
other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a
language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal
situations.”?
A. Familiar words and phrases are found in both speech and writing in formal settings.
B. Familiar situations that are experienced by most people are called colloquialisms.
C. Informal language contains colloquialisms, which are not found in more formal language.
D. Most of the speakers of a language can used both formal and informal speech in their
appropriate situations.
Câu 156: Which of the following is true of standard usage?
A. It can be used in formal and informal settings.
B. It is limited to written language.
C. It is only understood by the upper classes.
D. It is constantly changing.
Câu 157: The author mentions all of the following as requirements for slang expressions to be
created EXCEPT _____.
A. new situations B. a new generation
C. interaction among diverse groups D. a number of linguists

In addition to the great ridges and volcanic chains, the oceans conceal another form of undersea
mountains: the strange guyot, or flat-topped seamount. No marine geologist even suspected the
existence of these isolated mountains until they were discovered by geologist Harry H. Hess in
1946.
He was serving at the time as naval officer on a ship equipped with a fathometer. Hess named these
truncated peaks for the nineteenth-century Swiss-born geologist Arnold Guyot, who had served on
the faculty of Princeton University for thirty years. Since then, hundreds of guyots have been
discovered in every ocean but the Arctic. Like offshore canyons, guyots present a challenge to
oceanographic theory. They are believed to be extinct volcanoes. Their flat tops indicate that they
once stood above or just below the surface, where the action of waves leveled off their peaks. Yet
today, by definition, their summits are at least 600 feet below the surface, and some are as deep as
8,200 feet. Most lie between 3,200 feet and 6,500 feet. Their tops are not really flat but slope
upward to a low pinnacle at the center. Dredging from the tops of guyots has recovered basalt and
coral rubble, and that would be expected from the eroded tops of what were once islands. Some of
this material is over 80 million years old. Geologists think the drowning of the guyots involved
two processes: The great weight of the volcanic mountains depressed the sea floor beneath them,
and the level of the sea rose a number of times, especially when the last Ice Age ended, some 8,000
to 11,000 years ago.
Câu 158: The word “conceal” is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A. hide B. create C. erode D. contain
Câu 159: The passage implies that guyots were first detected by means of _____.
A. a deep-sea diving expedition B. computer analysis
C. research submarines D. a fathometer
Câu 160: What does the passage say about the Arctic Ocean?
A. The first guyot was discovered there.
B. It is impossible that guyots were ever formed there.
C. There are more guyots there than in any other ocean.
D. No guyots have ever been found there.
Câu 161: The author states that offshore canyons and guyots have which of the following
characteristics in common?
A. Both are found on the ocean floor near continental shelves.
B. Both were formed by volcanic activity.
C. Both were, at one time, above the surface of the sea.
D. Both present oceanographers with a mystery.
Câu 162: According to the passage, most guyots are found at a depth of _____.
A. between 600 and 3,200 feet B. more than 8,200 feet
 C. less than 600 feet D. between 3,200 and 6,500 feet
Câu 163: According to the passage, which of the following two processes were involved in the
submersion of guyots?
A. Erosion and volcanic activity.
B. The sinking of the sea floor and the rising of sea level.
C. High tides and earthquakes.
D. Mountain building and the action of ocean currents.
Câu 164: According to the passage, when did sea level significantly rise?
A. From 8,000 to 11,000 years B. In the nineteenth century
C. In 1946 D. 80 million years ago
Câu 165: What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A. To describe feature of the undersea world.
B. To trace the career of Arnold Guyot
C. To present the results of recent geologic research.
D. To discuss underwater ridges and volcano chains.

The election of Andrew Jackson to the presidency in 1928 marked the political ascendancy of the
“common man” in American politics. Whereas all previous presidents had been Easterners from
well-to-do families, Jackson was a self-made man of modest wealth from the West. Born in
1767, Jackson fought in the American Revolution, in which many of his relatives died.
Afterwards, he studied law and moved to the Western District of North California. When that
territory became the state of Tennessee, Jackson was elected the state’s first congressman. His
name became a household word during the war of 1812, when, as a U.S Army major general, he
led troops against the Creek Indians in the Mississippi Territory and later defeated the British at
New Orleans.
After his presidential inauguration, Jackson rode on horseback to the White House to attend a
private party. Crowds of well-wishers suddenly appeared at the reception and nearly destroyed
the White House as they tried to glimpse the new president. The common man had made a
dramatic entrance onto the national political scene.
Jackson’s two terms moved American society toward truer democracy. Many states abandoned
property requirements for voting. Elected officials began to act more truly as representatives of
the people than as their leaders. As president of the common man, Jackson waged a war against
the Bank of the United States, vetoing the bill that re-chartered the institution, declaring it a
dangerous monopoly that profited the wealthy few.
Although he had built his reputation as an Indian fighter during the War of 1812, Jackson was
not an Indian hater. He adopted what was at the time considered an enlightened solution to the
Indian problem-removal. Many tribes submitted peacefully to being moved to the West. Others
were marched by force to the Indian Territory, under brutal conditions, along what the
Cherokees called the Trail of Tears.
One of Andrew Jackson’s most enduring legacies was the Democratic Party, which under him
became a highly organized political party. In opposition to the Democrats were the Whigs, a
party that attracted supporters of the Bank of the United States and opposed the tyranny of the
man called “King Andrew”. A less specific but more basic legacy is the populist philosophy of
politics that still bears the name “Jacksonian Democracy.”
Câu 166: The author’s perspective toward Andrew Jackson could be best described as _____.
A. critical B. emotional C. personal D. historical
Câu 167: The author suggests that Jackson’s election and inauguration _____.
A. destroyed the White House
B. brought a new style to the presidency
C. made a lot of common people angry
D. put a military man in the White House for the first time
Câu 168: The word “institution” in paragraph 3 refers to _____.
A. the presidency of the United States B. American society
C. The Bank of the United States D. democracy
Câu 169: According to the passage, why did Jackson oppose the Bank of the United States?
A. He thought it benefited only rich people.
B. It started a war.
C. It opposed electing him “King Andrew”.
D. It opposed giving common people the right to vote
Câu 170: According to the passage, Jackson’s policy toward American Indians was _____.
A. developed during the War of 1812 B. forceful and cruel
C. considered his greatest achievement D. considered progressive at the time
Câu 171: The word “brutal” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. tearful B. abrupt C. humane D. harsh
Câu 172: Which of the following could NOT be inferred about Andrew Jackson?
 A. He served his country throughout his life B. He supported democratic reforms
C. He inspired populist politics D. He was president during a violent war

The work of women has been economically vital since prehistory, although their contributions have
varied according to the structure, needs, customs, and attitudes of society.
In prehistoric times, women and men participated almost equally in hunting and gathering activities
to obtain food. With the development of agricultural communities, women’s work revolved more
around the home. As urban centres developed, women sold or traded goods in the marketplace.
From ancient to modern times, four generalizations can be made about women's paid work. Women
have worked because of economic necessity; poor women in particular worked outside the home
whether they were unmarried or married, and especially if their husbands were unable to sustain the
family solely through their own work. Women’s indentured work has often been similar to their
work at home. Women have maintained the primary responsibility for raising children, regardless of
their paid work. Women have historically been paid less than men and have been allocated lower-
status work
Some major changes are now occurring in industrial nations, including the steadily increasing
proportion of women in the labor force; decreasing family responsibilities (due to both smaller
family size and technological innovation in the home); higher levels of education for women; and
more middle and upper-income women working for pay or for job satisfaction. Statistically, they
have not yet achieved parity of pay or senior appointments in the workplace in any nation.
Artisans working in their own homes not infrequently used the labor of their families. This custom
was so prevalent during the Middle Ages, craft guilds of the period, including some that otherwise
excluded women, often admitted to membership the widows of guild members, providing they met
professional requirements. Dressmaking and lacemaking guilds were composed exclusively of
women.
Gradually, the guilds were replaced by the putting-out system, whereby tools and materials were
distributed to workers by merchants; the workers then produced articles on a piecework basis in
their homes. During the 18th and early 19th centuries, as the Industrial Revolution developed, the
putting-out system slowly declined. Goods that had been produced by hand in the home were
manufactured by machine under the factory system. Women competed more with men for some
jobs, but were concentrated primarily in textile mills and clothing factories. Manufacturers often
favored women employees because of relevant skills and lower wages, and also because early trade
union organization tended to occur first among men. Employees in sweatshops were also
preponderantly women. The result was to institutionalize systems of low pay, poor working
conditions, long hours, and other abuses, which along with child labor presented some of the worst
examples of worker exploitation in early industrial capitalism. Minimum wage legislation and other
protective laws, when introduced, concentrated particularly on the alleviation of these abuses of
working women.
Women workers in business and the professions, the so-called white-collar occupations, suffered
less from poor conditions of work and exploitative labor, but were denied equality of pay and
opportunity. The growing use of the typewriter and the telephone after the 1870s created two new
employment niches for women, as typists and telephonists, but in both fields the result was again to
institutionalize a permanent category of low-paid, low-status women’s work.
Câu 173: When the the farming communities developed, women worked _____.
A. critical B. emotional C. personal D. historical
Câu 174: The author suggests that Jackson’s election and inauguration _____.
A. destroyed the White House
B. brought a new style to the presidency.
C. made a lot of common people angry
D. put a military man in the White House for the first time.
Câu 175: The word “institution” in paragraph 3 refers to _____.
A. the presidency of the United States B. American society
C. The Bank of the United States D. democracy
Câu 176: According to the passage, why did Jackson oppose the Bank of the United States?
A. He thought it benefited only rich people
B. It started a war.
C. It opposed electing him “King Andrew”.
D. It opposed giving common people the right to vote.
Câu 177: According to the passage, Jackson’s policy toward American Indians was _____.
A. developed during the War of 1812 B. forceful and cruel
C. considered his greatest achievement D. considered progressive at the time
Câu 178: The word “brutal” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. tearful B. abrupt C. humane D. harsh
Câu 179: Which of the following could NOT be inferred about Andrew Jackson?
A. He served his country throughout his life B. He supported democratic reforms.
C. He inspired populist politics D. He was president during a violent war.
Câu 180: What women have done for the economic development have changed over time due to
_____.
 A. their role in the home B. their marital status and their husbands
C. the different factors of the society D. the Industrial Revolution

Question 1: Đáp án A
It has a history as long as that of civilization.
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 1: “Since the first great urban-agricultural centers in Mesopotamia
nearly 6,000 years ago, human activity has had a destructive impact on soil quality,
leading to gradual desertification in virtually every area of the world.”
Question 2: Đáp án A
cultivate
- arable: (a) trồng trọt được = cultivate : (a) có thể trồng trột được
Question 3: Đáp án C
they do not see it as being caused by human activity
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 2: “It is a common misconception that desertification is caused by
droughts.
Although drought does make land more vulnerable, well-managed land can survive droughts and
recover, even in arid regions. Another mistaken belief is that the process occurs only along
the edges of deserts.”
Question 4: Đáp án B
Irrigation
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 3: “[2] Large-scale farming requires extensive irrigation, which
ultimately destroys lands by depleting its nutrients and leaching minerals into the topsoil.”
Question 5: Đáp án B
deterioration
- degradation: (n) sự thoái hóa, sự xuống cấp = deterioration: (n) sự hư hỏng, xuống cấp
Question 6: Đáp án C
Describe one progress that leads to desertification.
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 4: “Salination is a type of land degradation that involves an increase in
the salt content of the soil.”
Question 7: Đáp án A
washing
- leach: (v) làm sói mòn = wassh: (v) cuốn, rửa trôi
Question 8: Đáp án D
The evolution of the use of iron in architecture during the 1800’s.
Đoạn văn chủ yếu thảo luận về cái gì? – Sự phát triển và việc sử dụng sắt trong kiến trúc suốt
những năm 1800.
Thông tin nằm ở câu chủ đề đầu đoạn 1: “Iron production was revolutionized in the early
eighteenth century when coke was first used instead of charcoal for refining iron ore.”
Question 9: Đáp án D
the use of charcoal for refining ore produced poor quality iron
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 1: “…instead of charcoal for refining iron ore. Previously the poor quality
of the iron had restricted its use in architecture…”
Theo đoạn văn, sắt đã không được sử dụng cho xà, cột và dầm trước khi đến đầu thế kỷ 18 bởi
việc sử dụng than củi để luyện quặng tạo ra sắt chất lượng kém.
Question 10: Đáp án C
much stronger
Thông tin nằm ở câu đầu đoạn 2: “Iron was rapidly adopted for the construction of bridges,
because its strength was far greater than that of stone or timber,…
Question 11: Đáp án B
internal iron skeleton
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 2: “By 1800 a complete internal iron skeleton for buildings had been
developed in industrial architecture replacing traditional timber beams, but it generally remained
concealed.”
=> it = internal iron skeleton
Question 12: Đáp án B
exceeded
- surpass: trội hơn, vượt hơn = exceed
Question 13: Đáp án A
wide span
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 3: “The Paris Exhibition of 1889 included both the widest span and the
greatest height achieved so far with the Halle Des Machines, spanning 362 feet, and the Eiffel
Tower 1,000 feet high.”
Question 14: Đáp án B
They ridiculed them.
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 3: “…these achievements were mocked by the artistic elite of Paris…”
(mock = ridicule)
– Tầng lớp nghệ sĩ được đề cập trong đoạn văn đã phản ứng như thế nào đối với kiến trúc xây
dựng tại triển lãm Paris. Họ đã chế giếu chúng…
Question 15: Đáp án D
general perception that iron structures were not aesthetically pleasing
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 3: “Iron, despite its structural advantages, had little aesthetic status.”
Có thể suy ra việc sử dụng những kết cấu bằng sắt trong kiểu kiến trúc truyền thống được giải
thích tốt nhất bởi… Sự nhận thức chung rằng các kết cấu bằng sắt không làm hài lòng về mặt
thẩm mỹ.
Câu 16: Đáp án C
A. Profits: Lợi nhuận
B. Rate: lãi suất
C. Interest: Tiền lãi
D. Principal: Tiền gửi
Câu 17: Đáp án A
A. definite ó fixed: Cố định
B. short: ngắn
C. repeated: lặp lại
D. trial: thử
Câu 18: Đáp án C
(2) “Interest = Principal X Rate X Time”
Interest = $1 x 4% x 1 = $ 0.04 = 4 cents
Câu 19: Đáp án B
(3) The rate is expressed as a decimal fraction
Câu 20: Đáp án B
(3) Although the time may be less than, equal to, or greater than one year, most applications for
loans are for periods of less than one year
Câu 21: Đáp án A
A. time <-> period: khoảng thời gian
B. loans: tiền cho vay
C. application: ứng dụng
D. interest: lãi
Câu 22: Đáp án D
(3) For purpose of computing interest for short periods, the commercial year or 360 days is
commonly used

Dịch bài
(1) Sinh vật đơn bào, loài sinh vật nhỏ, sống trong nước, với mỗi cá thểbao gồm một tế bào duy
nhất gồm chất nguyên sinh, tạo thành một nhóm các loài sinh vật nguyên thủy nhất trong thế giới
động vật. Chúng rất đa dạng, nhưng nhìn chung có thể chia thành 3 nhóm dựa trên cơ chế di
chuyển. Nhóm Mastigophora có một hoặc nhiều đuôi dài, giúp đẩy cơ thể về phía trước. Nhóm
Ciliata, có cùng cơ chế vận động như Mastigophora, nhưng nhiều đuôi ngắn hơn. Nhóm
Sarcodina, bao gồm trùng amip, trôi nổi hoặc di chuyển trong nước bằng chính cơ thể có lớp bảo
vệ bên ngoài của mình
(2) Ngoài hình thức di chuyển, có một số các đặc điểm khác giúp phân biệt 3 nhóm sinh vật đơn
bào. Ví dụ, nhóm Ciliata có ít nhất 2 nhân mỗi tế bào, thường một nhân lớn quy định đặc điểm
tăng trưởng nhưng phân hủy trong quá trình sinh sản, và một nhân nhỏ hơn có chứa mã di truyền
cần thiết để tạo ra nhân lớn.
(3) Sinh vật đơn bào được coi là động vật bởi vì, không giống thực vật có sắc tố mà một số loài
sinh vật đơn bào giống y hệt, chúng không sống bằng các hợp chất hữu cơ đơn giản. Tế bào của
chúng thể hiện tất cả các đặc điểm chính của tế bào ở động vật bậc cao.
(4) Nhiều loài sinh vật đơn bào tập hợp các cá thể lại với nhau, gọi là các “tập đoàn trùng roi”
với mối liên kết chặt chẽ của các bộ phận và phản ứng đồng nhất với kích thích từ bên ngoài.
Những nghiên cứu gần đây về hiện tượng này, cùng với những quan sát bằng kính hiển vi cao
cấp có lẽ sẽ buộc chúng ta phải định nghĩa lại thế nào là sinh vật đơn bảo, thậm chí phải xem lại
định nghĩa cơ bản nhất rằng chúng có thực sự có 1 tế bào hay không. Dù vậy, với các dữ liệu
hiện có, các nhà khoa học đã xác định được khoảng 40,000 loại sinh vật đơn bào. Chắc chắn, khi
các phương thức quan sát của chúng ta được cải thiện nhờ công nghệ, sẽ có thêm nhiều các mô
hình phân loại ưu việt hơn được đưa ra.
Câu 23: Đáp án A
(1) The protozoans, minute, aquatic creatures each of which consists
Aquatic: sống ở nước
Câu 24: Đáp án B
(1) The protozoans, minute, aquatic creatures each of which consists of a single cell of
protoplasm
Câu 25: Đáp án C
(1) The Sarcodina, which include amoebae, float or row themselves about on their crusted
bodies.
Câu 26: Đáp án C
(1) usually a large nucleus that regulates growth but decomposes during reproduction
Câu 27: Đáp án A
(1) Protozoans are considered animals because, unlike pigmented plants to which some
protozoans are otherwise almost identical, they do not live on simple organic compounds
Câu 28: Đáp án A
Uniformly -> in the same way: theo cùng một cách
once in a while: thỉnh thoảng
all of a sudden: một cách bất ngờ
in the long run: sau cùng, rốt cuộc là
Câu 29: Đáp án A
(1) Protozoans are considered animals because, unlike pigmented plants to which some
protozoans are otherwise almost identical, they (protozoans) do not live on simple organic
compounds
Câu 30: Đáp án C
A: (4) Nevertheless, with the current data available, almost 40,000 species of protozoans have
been identified.
B: (1) The protozoans, minute, aquatic creatures each of which consists of a single cell of
protoplasm, constitute a classification of the most primitive forms of animal life
D: (4) No doubt, as the technology improves our methods of observation, better models of
classification will be proposed.
Câu 31: Đáp án A
Đoạn đầu có câu “Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the
scholars of the classical and medieval worlds” = Kỹ năng “reading to oneself” hầu như không
được biết đến ở thời Trung cổ
Câu 32: Đáp án D
commonplace = widely used: xảy ra thường xuyên với phạm vi rộng
Câu 33: Đáp án D
“Examinations of factors related to the historical development of silent reading have revealed
that it became the usual mode of reading for most adults mainly because the tasks themselves
changed in character” Ta thấy rằng “silent reading” phát triển là do sự thay đổi trong bản chất
của việc đọc
Câu 34: Đáp án C
“The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy and thus in the number of readers. As
the number of readers increased, the number of potential listeners declined and thus there was
some reduction in the need to read aloud” Cả đoạn 2 lý giải việc tại sao “silent reading” ngày
càng phổ biến và nguyên nhân cính cũng là nguyên nhân khởi đầu cho sự phát triển này chính là
“a steady gradual increase in literary”
Câu 35: Đáp án B
“the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media” ta có thế
thấy sự xuất hiện của phương tiện truyền thông và các loại hình tài liệu chuyên ngành ra đời là
do sự thay đổi về văn hóa đọc của độc giả
Câu 36: Đáp án B
Readership là số người đọc của một tờ báo, specilised là chuyên dụng dành cho mục đích riêng,
Cụm này được hiểu là số người đọc các tờ báo chuyên dụng và số lượng này là có giới hạn
Câu 37: Đáp án A
“By the end of the twentieth century, students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to
books and to use reading skills which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader”.
Như vậy một số kỹ năng đọc dù không phù hợp nhưng vẫn được khuyến khích để duy trì “oral
reader” và cũng chính là “old shared literacy culture”
Câu 38: Đáp án B
“The Sun today is a yellow dwarf star…The Sun has existed in its present state for about four
billion six hundred million years “
Mặt trời đã tồn tại được hơn 4 tỉ năm với đặc tính là một ngôi sao lùn màu vàng
Đoạn tiếp sau có “About five billion years from now, the core of the Sun will shrink and become
hotter” /Khoảng 5 tỉ năm sau, lõi mặt trời sẽ nhỏ lại và trở nên nóng hơn.
Như vậy dựa vào các thông tin trên, ta thấy mặt trờ đã trải qua gần 1 nửa thoài gian tồn tại là
ngôi sao lùn màu vàng
Câu 39: Đáp án B
“The Sun will then be a red giant star. Temperatures on the Earth will become too high for life to
exist”
To shrink = to become smaller: nhỏ đi
Câu 40: Đáp án B
“The Sun may throw off huge amounts of gases in violent eruptions called nova explosions as it
changes from a red giant to a white dwarf”
Ta thấy mặt trời thải ra một lượng lớn khí ga khi nó chuyển từ ngôi sao khổng lồ màu đỏ sang
sao lùn màu trắng vì vậy hiện tượng này xuất hiện ở cuối giai đoạn sao đỏ
Câu 41: Đáp án C
”After it shrinks to the size of the Earth, it will become a white dwarf star” và thông tin ở đoạn
đầu “The Sun …is thousands of times larger than the Earth.”
Chứng tỏ khi trở thành ngôi sao lùn màu trắng, Mặt trời sẽ nhỏ hơn hàng ngàn lần so với hiện tại
Câu 42: Đáp án B
“After billions of years as a white dwarf, the Sun will have used up all its fuel and will have lost
its heat. Such a star is called a black dwarf”
Câu 43: Đáp án A
“After the Sun has become a black dwarf, the Earth will be dark and cold. If any atmosphere
remains there, it will have frozen over the Earth’s surface”
trong ngữ cảnh này, phó từ there thay thế cho “the Earth” ở câu trước và đó chính là hành tinh
của chúng ta “our own planet”
Câu 44: Đáp án A
Cấu trúc của bài mô tả trạng thái hiện tại của Mặt trời, sau đó nêu lên các dự đoán về các thay
đổi của nó trong khoảng thời gian 5 tỉ năm kể từ hiện tại. theo thứ tự mặt trời sẽ từ ngôi sao lùn
màu vàng trở thành ngôi sao khổng lồ màu đỏ, rồi thành sao lùn màu trắng và cuối cùng là sao
lùn màu đen. Đây chính là những thay đổi mà Mặt trời sẽ trải qua
Câu 45: Đáp án D
bài viết đưa ra các dự đoán khoa học về quá trình thay đổi của Mặt trời. Đây khổng phải là tác
phẩm tiểu thuyết hư cấu, cũng không phải một bản báo cáo mới hay bản ghi chép những sự kiện
khoa học. Đây là một đoạn trong một bài báo khoa học.
Câu 46: Đáp án D
(A) Colonies of protozoans: các loại sinh vật đơn bào
(B) Mastigophora: Nhóm Mastigophora
(C) Motility in protozoans: tính chất của sinh vật đơn bào
(D) Characteristics of protozoans: đặc điểm của sinh vật đơn bào
Câu 47: Đáp án D
Minute -> very small: rất bé
Very common: rất phổ biến
Very fast: rất nhanh
Very old: rất già
Câu 48: Đáp án A
(1) The protozoans, minute, aquatic creatures each of which consists Aquatic: sống ở nước
Câu 49: Đáp án B
(1) The protozoans, minute, aquatic creatures each of which consists of a single cell of protoplasm
Câu 50: Đáp án A
Uniformly <=> in the same way: theo cùng một cách
once in a while: thỉnh thoảng
all of a sudden: một cách bất ngờ
in the long run: sau cùng, rốt cuộc là
Câu 51: Đáp án A
(1) Protozoans are considered animals because, unlike pigmented plants to which some protozoans
are otherwise almost identical, they (protozoans) do not live on simple organic compounds
Câu 52: Đáp án C
A: (4) Nevertheless, with the current data available, almost 40,000 species of protozoans have been
identified.
B: (1) The protozoans, minute, aquatic creatures each of which consists of a single cell of
protoplasm, constitute a classification of the most primitive forms of animal life
D: (4) No doubt, as the technology improves our methods of observation, better models of
classification will be proposed.
Câu 53: Đáp án C
Các đáp án A, B, D còn lại chỉ là ví dụ nhỏ trong câu không phải là mục đích chính của bài viết.
Mục đích chính là giải thích tại sao các bức ảnh đầu tiên lại quan trong trong đời sống người Mỹ
Câu 54: Đáp án A
fascinated = interested: gây hứng thú
frighten: làm sợ hãi
confuse: làm bối rối
disgust: làm chán ghét
Câu 55: Đáp án D
Dòng 2 + 3 đoạn 1 “The man in the photograph was unsmiling, but his eyes were kind”
Câu 56: Đáp án B
Dòng 3 + 4 đoạn 1: “One evening when I was looking at the photograph, as I always did before I
went to sleep”
Câu 57: Đáp án B
Dòng 1 đoạn 2: “That night I could not sleep, thinking about the letter that I would write”
Sick: ốm
Exited: hào hứng
Lonely: cô đơn
Sad: buồn
Câu 58: Đáp án B
“I have no speech to make and no time to make it in.” tôi không có bài diễn thuyết nào để thực
hiện cả và cũng không có thời gian để diễn thuyết
Time: thời gian
Speech: bài diễn thuyết
Photograph: chụp ảnh
Station: sân ga
Câu 59: Đáp án B
““Ladies and gentlemen,” he said, “I have no speech to make and no time to make it in. I appear
before you that I may see you and that you may see me” =>Có rất nhiều người đợi Lincoln ở ga
tàu Lincoln đến, nên khi đến Lincoln chào mọi người “thưa các quý ông quý bà,…tôi xuất hiện
trước mặt các bạn để tôi có thể thấy mọi người và mọi người có thể thấy tôi”
Câu 60: Đáp án C
(C) Tác giả muốn gây sự thu hút và tò mò từ phía người đọc
Câu 61: Đáp án C
Đoạn văn chủ yếu nói về người sinh sống bằng nghề đi săn và hái lượm.
Ta đọc các câu đầu của đoạn văn tóm tắt ý chính của đoạn: “Very few people in the modern
world obtain their food supply by hunting and gathering in the natural environment surrounding
their homes”: Rất ít người trong thế giới hiện đại tìm nguồn thức ăn bằng cách đi săn bắn và hái
lượm thức ăn từ môi trường tự nhiên xung quanh nhà, hay “Because hunter-gatherers have fared
poorly in comparison with their agricultural cousins, their numbers have dwindled: Vì những
người săn bắt hái lượm kiếm sống kém hơn so với những người làm nông nên số lượng những
người săn bắt hái lượm ngày càng thu hẹp lại.
Các ý A, B, D chỉ là những ví dụ và phần nhỏ được nhắc đến trong bài: the Paleolithic period
(thời kỳ đồ đá), subsistence farming (nông nghiệp mưu sinh), marginal environment (môi trường
không thuận lợi cho việc trồng trọt)
Câu 62: Đáp án D
Phương pháp sinh tồn lâu đời nhất là gì? Các em scan chữ (tìm chữ) subsistence strategy trong
đoạn văn và thấy xuất hiện ở dòng 3, đoạn 1: “Very few people in the modern world obtain their
food supply by hunting and gathering in the natural environment surrounding their homes. This
method of harvesting from nature’s provision is the oldest subsistence strategy”: Rất ít người
trong thế giới hiện đại tìm nguồn thức ăn bằng cách đi săn bắn và hái lượm thức ăn từ môi
trường tự nhiên xung quanh nhà. Phương pháp kiếm ăn từ nguồn cung của thiên nhiên này là
phương pháp sinh tồn lâu đời nhất. Vậy nên đáp án là “hunting and gathering”: săn bắt và hái
lượm
Các phương án còn lại: migrating (di cư), domesticating animals (thuần hoá động vật), farming
(trồng trọt)
Câu 63: Đáp án B
Rudimentary ≈ preliminary: thô sơ, ban đầu
Các phương án khác: rough (lởm chởm, khắc nghiệt), ancient (cổ xưa, cũ), backward (lạc hậu)
Câu 64: Đáp án B
Nghề săn bắt và hái lượm ra đời khi nào? Đáp án tìm thấy ở dòng 2 + 3 đoạn 1: “This method of
harvesting from nature’s provision is the oldest subsistence strategy, and has been practiced for
at least the last two million years: Phương thức thu hoạch từ nguồn cung tự nhiên là cách thức
sinh tồn lâu đời nhất và đã kéo dài ít nhất là 2 triệu năm.
Câu 65: Đáp án D
Chúng ta scan chữ lower latitude trong đoạn văn để tìm ra đáp án. Đáp án nằm ở dòng 5 +6 đoạn
2: “The abundance of vegetation in the lower latitudes of the tropics, on the other hand, has
provided a greater opportunity for gathering a variety of plants”: Trái lại sự phong phú rau trái ở
các vĩ tuyến thấp hơn ở miền nhiệt đoái đã tạo nhiều cơ hội cho việc hái lượm nhiều loại rau quả
khác nhau. Đáp án A nghìa là “sự đa dạng về các loài rau quả”
Câu 66: Đáp án C
Mobile ≈ movable: di động, có thể di chuyển
“We know from observation of modern hunter-gatherers in both Africa and Alaska that society
based on hunting and gathering must be very mobile”: Từ việc quan sát những người săn bắt hái
lượm thời nay ở châu Phi và Alaska chúng ta biết rằng xã hội tồn tại dựa trên săn bắt và hái lượm
thường rất hay di chuyển.
Các phương án khác: transportable (có thể vận chuyển được), carried (được mang theo), portable
(có thể mang theo)
Câu 67: Đáp án A
Đáp án A không được để cập đến trong bài “More and more people in the modern time live on
the food they gather in the natural environment around their homes.” Ngày càng nhiều người ở
thời hiện đại sống dựa vào thức ăn họ thu thập được từ môi trường tự nhiên xung quanh nhà.
Trong khi trong bài đề cập đến ý ngược lại, ý nằm ở dòng 1 +2 đoạn 1: ““Very few people in the
modern world obtain their food supply by hunting and gathering in the natural environment
surrounding their homes”. Rất ít người trong thế giới hiện đại tìm nguồn thức ăn bằng cách đi
săn bắn và hái lượm thức ăn từ môi trường tự nhiên xung quanh nhà
Các phương án khác được tìm thấy trong bài như sau:
Phương án B: dòng 5 +6 đoạn 2: “The abundance of vegetation in the lower latitudes of the
tropics, on the other hand, has provided a greater opportunity for gathering a variety of plants”
Phương án C: dòng 3 đoạn 2: “In higher latitudes, the shorter growing season has restricted the
availability of plant life”
Phương án D: dòng 6 đoạn 2: “In short, the environmental differences have restricted the diet”
Câu 68: Đáp án C
Với dạng câu này ta đọc câu đầu của đoạn văn vì câu này sẽ là câu dẫn với đoạn văn trước đó:
“Quite different from storm surges are the giant sea waves called tsunamis, which derive their
name from the Japanese expression for “high water in a harbor.”Khác với những cơn song dâng
cao do bão gây ra đó là những đợt sóng biển lớn được gọi là tsunamis, từ này được xuất phát từ
cụm từ tiếng Nhật “nước dâng cao ở một cảng” Vậy đáp án là storm surges vì câu này so sánh
với storm surge trong đoạn văn trước đoạn văn này
Câu 69: Đáp án C
Chúng ta scan từ tidal waves để tìm ra đáp án là C. they are caused by sudden changes in high
and low tides (chúng được gây ra bởi sự thay đổi đột ngột của thuỷ triều lên và xuống. Ở dòng 2
+3 đoạn 1 có nhắc tới “These waves are also referred to by the general public as tidal waves,
although they have relatively little to do with tides” Người dân xem những con sóng này như là
những con sóng thuỷ triều mặc dù chúng gần như không liên quan đến thuỷ triều.
Phương án A được tìm thấy ở dòng 1 +2 + 3 đoạn 1: “Quite different from storm surges are the
giant sea waves called tsunamis, which derive their name from the Japanese expression for “high
water in a harbor.” These waves are also referred to by the general public as tidal waves” Những
con sóng này cũng chính là tsunamis
Phương án B và D được tìm thấy ở dòng 3 đoan 1: “Scientists often referred to them as seismic
sea waves, far more appropriate in that they do result from undersea seismic activity” Các nhà
khoa học thường đề cập đến chúng như là các cơn sóng biển địa chấn, thuật ngữ này phù hợp
hơn vì chúng được gây nên bởi hoạt động địa chấn dưới biển.
Câu 70: Đáp án B
Displace ≈ move: dịch chuyển
Các phương án khác là: located: nằm ở, filtered: lọc, not pleased: không thoải mái
Câu 71: Đáp án B
Đáp án nằm ở dòng 4 +5 đoạn 2: “In the open ocean, tsunamis have little noticeable amplitude,
often no more than one or two meters. It is when they hit the shallow waters near the coast that
they increase in height, possibly up to 40 meters.” Ở ngoài đại dương, sóng thần không có ảnh
hưởng gì đáng chú ý, thường không cao quá 1 hay 2m. Chỉ khi sóng đánh vào dòng nước nông
gần bờ biển dâng cao có thể lên đến 40m. Nên suy ra là sóng thần nguy hiểm hơn rất nhiều ở bờ
biển so với ở ngoài đại dương.
Câu 72: Đáp án D
Shallow = not deep: nông, không sâu
Các phương án khác là: coastal: thuộc về bờ biển, tidal: thuỷ triều, clear: rõ ràng
Câu 73: Đáp án A
Đáp án ở dòng 3 + 4 đoạn 3: “the tsunamis that hit Japan often come with little warning and can,
therefore, prove disastrous” Sóng thần đánh vào Nhật Bản thường đến mà không có cảnh báo
trước và do đó có thể gây ra thảm hoạ.
Trong khi đó sóng thần ở Hawaii: “Most of the tsunamis that hit the Hawaiian Islands, however,
originate thousands of miles away near the coast of Alaska, so these tsunamis have a much
greater distance to travel and the inhabitants of Hawaii generally have time for warning of their
imminent arrival” Tuy nhiên hầu hết các sóng thần đánh vào Hawaii bắt nguồn từ ngoài biển
cách xa ngàn dặm so với bờ biển Alaska, vì vậy những cơn sóng thần này cần phải đi qua một
chặng đường dài mới đánh vào đất liền và người dân ở Hawaii nhìn chung có thời gian cảnh báo
về cơn sóng thần sắp đến.
Câu 74: Đáp án A
Their ở đây là đề cập đến các cơn sóng thần. “Most of the tsunamis that hit the Hawaiian Islands,
however, originate thousands of miles away near the coast of Alaska, so these tsunamis have a
much greater distance to travel and the inhabitants of Hawaii generally have time for warning of
their imminent arrival” Tuy nhiên hầu hết các sóng thần đánh vào Hawaii bắt nguồn từ ngoài
biển cách xa ngàn dặm so với bờ biển Alaska, vì vậy những cơn sóng thần này cần phải đi qua
một chặng đường dài mới đánh vào đất liền và người dân ở Hawaii nhìn chung có thời gian cảnh
báo về cơn sóng thần sắp đến.
Câu 75: Đáp án C
Đáp án ở dòng 5 đoạn 4: “the tsunami from this volcano actually traveled around the world”
Câu 76: Đáp án B
Giải thích: “They find that the phones are more than a means of communication - having a
mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.” Cool đồng nghĩa với fashionable hoặc
stylish.
Câu 77: Đáp án B
Giải thích: “On the other hand, medical studies have shown changes in the brain cells of some
people who use mobile phones”. Brain cells = the smallest units of the brain: tế bào não
Câu 78: Đáp án B
Giải thích: “On the other hand, medical studies have shown changes in the brain cells of some
people who use mobile phones”. Brain cells = the smallest units of the brain: tế bào não
Câu 79: Đáp án B
Giải thích: “In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at young age because of serious
memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his
own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his
working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his
employer's doctor didn't agree.” Như vậy việc dùng điện thoại di động có thể gây ảnh hưởng đến
các chức năng về mặt thần kinh. Đáp án của câu là cause some mental malfunction.
Câu 80: Đáp án D
Giải thích: “In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at young age because of serious
memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks.”
Câu 81: Đáp án A
Giải thích: Dòng 2 đoạn 5: “Use your mobile phone only when you really need it.”
Câu 82: Đáp án B
Giải thích: Bài đọc đề cập đến 2 mặt của một vấn đề. Tác giả đưa ra sự tiện lợi hữu ích của điện
thoại di động đồng thời cũng nêu lên những tác hại có thể gây cho con người. Đề tựa phù hợp
nhất cho bài đọc trên là: “Technological Innovations and Their Price” vì nó thể hiện được đúng
nội dung của bài.
Câu 83: Đáp án A
Giải thích: Bằng chứng cho câu trả lời này nằm trong câu “Arriving immigrants depended
mainly on predecessors from their homeland to help them start a new life.” Trong đó, từ
predecessors có nghĩa tương đương với the people who came earlier (những người đến trước).
Câu 84: Đáp án A
Giải thích: Trong câu “several European nations instituted public-welfare programs. But such a
movement was slow to take hold in the United States because the rapid pace of industrialization”
từ fast growth cùng nghĩa với từ rapid pace. Vậy dáp án A là đáp án đúng.
Câu 85: Đáp án C
Giải thích: Từ instituted co nhiều nghĩanhưng trong ngữ cảnh của bài đọc này nó mang nghĩa là
thành lập/mở. Vậy cho nên nó gần nghĩa nhất với từ introduced.
Câu 86: Đáp án B
Giải thích: Trong câu “Most of the programs started during the Depression era were temporary
relief measures, but one of the programs Social Security - has become an American institution.”
từ “Depression era” tương đương với cụm từ “severe economic crisis” đều mang nghĩa là cuộc
khủng hoảng kinh tế. Theo câu trên thì phần lớn các chương trình hỗ trợ ở thời kỳ khủng hoảng
kinh tế ấy chỉ là giải pháp tạm thời sau đó các tổ chức ấy có thể lại tự giải tán và trong số đó chỉ
có Social Security được thành lập.Vậy đáp án B là đúng.
Câu 87: Đáp án C
Giải thích: “Recently, there has been concern that the Social Security fund may not have enough
money to fulfill its obligations in the 21st century (=Social Security payments will be a burden) ,
when the population of elderly Americans is expected to increase dramatically (= the number of
elderly people is growing).
Câu 88: Đáp án D
Giải thích: Ngoài chính nguồn trợ cấp từ chính phủ thì những người nghèo còn có thể tìm kiếm
sự giúp đỡ từ các tổ chức từ thiện hay tình nguyện nữa. (Needy Americans can also turn to
sources other than the government for help. A broad spectrum of private charities and voluntary
organizations is available.). Vậy đáp án D là đúng.
Câu 89: Đáp án C
Giải thích: Đáp án C là đúng vì càng ngày càng có thêm nhiều người tham gia vào các chương
trình tình nguyện kể cả người trẻ và người già như trong bài đọc đã viết “Volunteerism is on the
rise, It is estimated that almost 50 percent of Americans over age 18 do volunteer work, and
nearly 75 percent of U.S. households contribute money to charity.”
Câu 90: Đáp án A
Giải thích: Toàn bộ bài đọc cho thấy nội dung chính của bài đọc là nói về các tổ chức công cộng
hỗ trợ người nghèo (nên C sai), ở Mỹ nói chung chứ không chỉ là người nhập cư (nên B sai). Bài
đọc đề cập đến việc các tổ chức này lấy tiền từ đâu chứ không phải là cách gây quỹ nói chung ở
Mỹ nên D sai.
Câu 91: Đáp án B
Đọc đoạn thứ nhất, ta có thể thấy ý t ưởng của bộ phim là từ cuộc hội thoại (conversation) khi
Charlin nói chuyện với phóng viên.
Trong đoạn đầu có câu: “Charlie Chaplin was motivated to make the film by a reporter who,
while interviewing him, happened to describe the working conditions in industrial Detroit.”
Động từ motivate nghĩa là động cơ, trong ngữ cảnh này chính là khơi ngu ồn cảm hứng làm bộ
phim Modern Times.
Câu 92: Đáp án C
Đọc đoạn thứ nhất, ta thấy câu: “healthy young farm boys were lured to the city to work on
automotive assembly lines.” Động từ lure = attract chia ở bị động tức là bị cuốn hút, lôi kéo.
Chúng ta có thể thấy rằng, young farm boys ra thành phố bởi họ hi vọng có cuộc sống tốt đẹp
hơn
Câu 93: Đáp án B
jostling one another nghĩa là xô đẩy lẫn nhau, vậy đáp án B: pushing one another là gần nghĩa
nhất
Câu 94: Đáp án C
Cảnh đầu của bộ phim là “mass of sheep making their way down a crowded ramp” có tác dụng
ngụ ý (ẩn ý) về hình ảnh những công nhân nh à máy.
Vì vậy đáp án đúng là B, tacit nghĩa là ngụ ý, ẩn ý
Câu 95: Đáp án C
Các trạng từ effortlessly (một cách dễ dàng), recklessly ( một cách thiếu thận trọng), hopelessly
(tuyệt vọng), carelessly (một cách bất cẩn), vainly có nghĩa là vô ích, vô vọng, vì vậy từ gần
nghĩa nhất với nó là phương án C hopelessly
Câu 96: Đáp án C
Trong đoạn 2 có câu: “ Scenes of factory interiors account for only about one-third of Modern
Times”, interior là bên trong, vì vậy two-thirds sẽ được quay bên ngoài “outside a factory”
Câu 97: Đáp án D
Đoạn cuối có câu:“ It does not offer a radical social message” vì vậy nó không có ý revolution
Câu 98: Đáp án D
domestication: thuần phục = making (làm cho) thú vật used to living with and working for
humans (quen sống và làm việc cùng con người).
Câu 99: Đáp án C
Ở câu 2 của đoạn một, ta thấy ngay cụm từ “nature’s provision” mà ngay sau nó, người viết còn
cung cấp thêm “is the oldest known subsistence strategy“. Ta chọn C.
Câu 100: Đáp án A
Để trả lời câu này, ta cần đọc kĩ câu thứ 4 của đoạn 2.
The abundance of vegetation in the lower latitudes of the tropics, on the other hand, has provided
a greater opportunity for gathering a variety of plants. (cung cấp cơ hội lớn lao để trồng nhiều
loài cây)
Vậy, câu A. có nghĩa tích cực, phù hợp nhất (better food gathering)
Câu 101: Đáp án A
Câu này hỏi, “việc nghiên cứu những xã hội sinh tồn tạm thời có thể cung cấp …“.
Nhìn vào câu đầu đoạn 3:
Contemporary hunter-gatherers may help us understand our prehistoric ancestors.
Chú ý chữ prehistoric ancestors (những tổ tiên thời tiền sử).
ancestors nói lên thời đại (times).
Ta bỏ C, D vì chúng không nhắc đến nghĩa của tĩnh từ prehistoric (tiền sử)
Còn A, B. Ở câu B, danh từ mà prehistoric bổ nghĩa là natural environments (môi trường thiên
nhiên) => yếu tố thiên nhiên, trong khi theo câu đầu đoạn 3 nói đến yếu tố con người, yếu tố thời
đại.
Câu A vừa hội đủ ý này, vừa có thêm danh từ understanding giống động từ understand trong bài.
Câu 102: Đáp án A
Trên đoạn 2, câu 2 và 3:
In higher latitudes, the shorter growing seasons have restricted the availability of plant life. Such
conditions have caused a greater dependence on hunting, and on fishing along the coasts and
waterways. Such conditions có nghĩa: những điều kiện như vậy. Điều kiện như vậy là thế nào?
Câu trước chữ such sẽ giải nghĩa nó cho chúng ta. Đọc câu trước, ta thấy ngay nghĩa tiêu cực
“restricted the availability of plant life” (giới hạn sự sẵn có của thực vật), mang nghĩa này xét
từng phương án: 1. nhắc tới việc cây trồng (vegetation) không thích hợp (not favorable) để sống
(grow). Phù hợp.
B. hunter-gatherers không thể tìm cái gì ăn. Chỉ nhắc đến yếu tố con người, mà chưa nhắc được
ý “hạn chế cây trồng”. Loại.
C. plenty (phong phú, đông đảo) hoàn toàn ngược với restricted (hạn chế). Loại.
D. can grow some crops (có thể trồng một vài vụ mùa). Chưa nhắc đến yếu tố “hạn chế”.
Vậy, A. đúng nhất.
Câu 103: Đáp án D
Trả lời những câu hỏi có tính chất phủ định, ta hãy dò các đáp án xem chúng có trong bài khoá
hay không.
A. Đoạn 2 có nhắc tới.
B. Đoạn 2.
C. Đoạn 1.
D. no effect (không có tác động) => no là từ tuyệt đối và ý nghĩa câu này không được đề cập
trong bài tuyệt đối như vậy. Đây là phương án chọn.
Câu 104: Đáp án D
Câu này hỏi, “Theo tác giả, hầu hết những hunter-gatherers ở thời tiền sử và đương thời giống
nhau ở …”
Xem xét 2 câu cuối đoạn 3:
We also notice seasonal migration patterns evolving for most hunter-gatherers, along with a strict
division of labor between the sexes. These patterns of behavior may be similar to those practised
by mankind during the Paleolithic Period.
similar to cũng có nghĩa là giống.
Cái gì giống? these patterns of behavior.
Ta chọn ngay câu D.
Câu 105: Đáp án B
Câu chọn tiêu đề cho cả bài khoá. Ta nên chọn phương án nào không quá chung chung mà cũng
không quá chi tiết, hoặc thiếu ý.
Ở đoạn 1 nói về xã hội sinh tồn (subsistence societies)
Đoạn 2 nói về cuộc sống của những hunter-gatherers
Đoạn 3 nói về cả hai điều trên.
Xét các phương án:
A. Chỉ mới nói đến hunter-gathers. Loại.
B. Có đủ 2 ý.
C. Methods là danh từ chánh, có nghĩa là “phương cách“. Hoàn toàn thiếu ý.
D. Chỉ mới nói đến việc làm nông trong xã hội sinh tồn.
Vậy, B. đúng nhất.
Câu 106: Đáp án B
Đoạn văn nói về sự xung đột giữa người Mỹ da đỏ và người di cư Châu Âu.
Câu 107: Đáp án C
To legitimize: (v) hợp pháp hóa = justify: (v) chứng minh là đúng, hợp pháp hóa
To encourage (v): khuyến khích
Wrote to support: được viết để ủng hộ
To coordinate (v): phối hợp
Câu 108: Đáp án D
Thông tin ở đoạn 2: “Despite the resistance of the Indians, the Europeans were destined to win
the conflict. After Indian resistance was crushed, the whites legitimized the taking of Indian
lands by proposing treaties, frequently offering gifts to Indian chiefs to get them sign the
treaties.”
Câu 109: Đáp án D
Thông tin ở đoạn 2: “…Indian Territory-land the whites considered uninhabitable.” – vùng lãnh
thổ người Da đỏ mà người da trắng (châu Âu) xem là không ở được.
Chú ý: undesirable: (a) không mong muốn, không ưa, không them muốn
Câu 110: Đáp án A
Thông tin ở đoạn 2: “…the whites proceeded to remove them from their land.” – người da trắng
tiếp tục loại bỏ họ ra khỏi vùng đất của mình… => người Da Đỏ không được sống nơi mà họ
muốn sau khi kí hiệp ước.
Câu 111: Đáp án D
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 3: “No aspect of American history is more poignant than the accounts of
the forced removal of Indians across the continent.” – Không khía cạnh nào của lịch sử Mỹ đau
xót hơn những bản miêu tả về việc bị ép phải chuyển đi của người Da Đỏ qua các lục địa.
Câu 112: Đáp án A
Futility: (n) sự vô ích, không hiệu quả = uselessness: (n) sự vô ích
Expense (n): chi phí
Importance (n): sự quan trọng
Advantage (n): lợi ích
Câu 113: Đáp án A
Ngay ở đầu đoạn văn, những lợi ích giáo dục của atlas đã được đề cập: “No educational
medium better as means of spatial communication than the atlas.” – Không một phương tiện
giáo dục nào tốt hơn phương tiện truyền thông về không gian như atlas.
Câu 114: Đáp án D
Thông tin nằm ở câu 4 của đoạn: “In fact, the very first map in the atlas is a cleverly designed
population cartogram that projects the size of each country if geographical size were proportional
to population.”
Câu 115: Đáp án C
Invaluable = priceless: (a) vô giá, rất giá trị, không định giá được
Incremental: (a) thuộc tiền lãi, tiền lời
Invalid: (a) không có hiệu lực; tàn tật, tàn phế
Shapeless: (a) không có hình thù [Ph¸ t hµnh bëi dethithpt.com]
Câu 116: Đáp án B
Các lựa chọn A, C, D đều nằm trong đoạn văn: “Following the proportional layout, a sequence of
smaller maps shows the world’s population density, each country’s birth and death rates,
population increase or decrease (D), industrialization, urbanization, gross national product in
terms of per capita income, the quality of medical care, literacy, and language (C). To give
readers a perspective on how their own country fits in with the global view, additional
projections depict the world's patterns in nutrition, calorie and protein consumption (A)…”
Câu 117: Đáp án A
Thông tin nằm ở câu: “In fact, the very first map in the atlas is a cleverly designed population
cartogram that projects the size of each country if geographical size were proportional to
population. Following the proportional layout, a sequence of smaller maps…”
Câu 118: Đáp án C
Thông tin nằm ở câu: “Following the proportional layout, a sequence of smaller maps shows
the world’s population density, each country’s birth and death rates, population increase or
decrease, industrialization, urbanization, gross national product in terms of per capita income, the
quality of medical care, literacy, and language. To give readers a perspective on how their
own country fits in with the global view, additional projections depict the world's patterns in
nutrition, calorie and protein consumption, health care, number of physicians per unit of
population, and life expectancy by region.”
Câu 119: Đáp án D
Dựa vào nội dung đoạn văn có thể rút ra được ẩn ý của tác giả. Theo tác giả thì tập bản đồ có thể
là dụng cụ đa năng. Dựa vào tập bản đồ chúng ta có thể biết về sự tăng giảm dân số, về công
nghiệp hóa, hiện đại hóa, biết về đất nước của mình, sự tiêu thụ calo, về dịch vụ chăm sóc sức
khỏe hay tỷ lệ người biết đọc biết viết…
Câu 120: Đáp án C
Covey: (v) truyền đạt, bày tỏ, biểu lộ = demonstrate: (v) chứng minh, giải thích, bày tỏ, biểu lộ
- devise: (v) nghĩ ra, đề ra, đặt kế hoạch
- conjure up: (v) gợi lên cái gì, gọi hồn
- indicate: (v) chỉ, cho biết, ra dấu
Câu 121: Đáp án C
Đáp án là C. Whales as the largest, gentlest but vulnerable creatures
Dịch: Cá voi, loài đông vật lớn nhất và thân thiện nhất nhưng lại dễ bị tổn thương.
+ “Whales are the largest animals in the world, and the gentlest creatures we know”
+ “When whales are in danger”
Câu 122: Đáp án C
Đáp án là C. tail and skin
“Whales have tails that end like flippers. With just a gentle flick, it can propel itself forward.The
skin of a whale is so smooth that it does not create any friction that can slow the whale down.
(Dethithpt.com)
Dịch: Chiếc đuôi giống như mái chèo và bộ da mượt đã giúp cá voi bơi rất dễ dàng trong nước.
Câu 123: Đáp án A
On its head “A whale’s breathing hole is located on the top of its head, so it can breathe without
having to completely push its head out of the water”
Dịch: Lỗ thở của cá voi nằm ở đỉnh đầu nên nó có thể hít thở mà không cần phải hoàn toàn ngoi
đầu khỏi mặt nước.
Câu 124: Đáp án B
Dịch: cá voi không di cư từ vừng nước lạnh hơn đến vùng ngước ấm hơn. – Sai : “they have to
migrate from cooler to warmer waters”
A. có voi không bỏ mặc những thành viên đang bị ốm hoặc bị thương. - Đúng: “Whales are
known not to desert the ill or injured members; instead, they cradlethem.”
C. có voi sống và di cư theo nhóm. – Sai: “They live in family groups and they even travel in
groups”
D. những con cá voi con ở cùng với cá voi bố mẹ khoảng 15 năm. – Đúng: “The young stay with
their parents for as long as fifteen years”
Câu 125: Đáp án A
Tiny (a): nhỏ bé = very small
Câu 126: Đáp án C
Từ “they” trong câu chỉ đến “whales” - những con cá voi
“These holes would also serve as guides for the whales so that they could swim to warmer
waters.
Dịch: Những lỗ hổng trên băng cũng đóng vai cho như chỉ dẫn cho những con cá voi để chúng
có thể bơi đến những khu nước ấm.
Câu 127: Đáp án C
Because whales couldn’t breathe without sufficient oxygen.
“Whales are mammals that require oxygen from the air, so the frozen ice was a great danger to
them.” Dịch: cá voi là động vật có vú, chúng cần oxy từ không khí để sống, do đó băng là mối đe
dọa đối với chúng.
Câu 128: Đáp án A
+ “Mr Niel and his co-founders come from the world of technology and start-ups, and they are
trying to do to education what Facebook did to communication and Airbnb toaccommodation.”
+ “Students at 4 ...”
42 chính là 1 loại trường học
Câu 129: Đáp án A
Từ “them” chỉ đến” students at 42”
“Students at 42 are given a choice of projects ... . They complete a project using resources freely
available on the Internet and by seeking help from their fellow students, who work alongside
them in a large open-plan room full of computers.”
Dịch: Học sinh ở 42 được nhận 1 dự án.... họ hoàn thành một dự án sử dụng các nguồn dữ liệu có
sẵn trên mạng Internet và tìm kiếm sự giúp đỡ từ bạn học, người mà làm việc cùng với họ (học
sinh 41) trong 1 căn phòng lớn đầy máy tính.
Câu 130: Đáp án B
“Students at 42 are given a choice of projects that they might be set in a job as a software
engineer - perhaps to design a website or a computer game” (Dethithpt.com)
Dịch: Để minh họa cho một nhiệm vụ mà học tinh ở 42 phải hoàn thành: có thể là thiết kế 1
website hoặc là một game máy tính.
Câu 131: Đáp án A
“And at the end, there is a certificate but no formal degree”
Dịch: Một chứng chỉ chứ không phải bằng đại học
Câu 132: Đáp án D
“Peer-to-peer learning develops students with the confidence to search for solutions by
themselves, often in quite creative and ingenious ways”
Dịch: Học chung với bạn giúp học sinh phát triển sự tự tin dể tìm kiếm những giải pháp bởi
chính họ, thường là với những cách sáng tạo và thông minh.
Câu 133: Đáp án C
“Ms Bir says 42's graduates will be better able to work with others and discuss and defend their
ideas - an important skill in the “real world” of work”.
Dịch: Sinh viên của 42 có thể làm tốt việc hoạt động nhóm với người khác, thảo luận và phản
biện ý kiến của mình.
Câu 134: Đáp án C
Notorious (a): ai cũng biết vì việc xấu nào đó, có tiếng xấu, khét tiếng
Câu 135: Đáp án D
Có thể suy ra từ bài khóa thông tin:
+ “Students at 42 are given a choice of projects that they might be set in a job as “
+ “Peer-to-peer learning develops students with the confidence to search for solutions by
themselves, often in quite creative and ingenious ways” (Dethithpt.com)
42 áp dụng phương pháp học giải quyết vấn đề và thực hiện các dự án
Câu 136: Đáp án B
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 1: “Aging is the process of growing old. It occurs eventually in every
living thing provided, of course, that an illness or accident does not kill it prematurely. The most
familiar outward signs of aging may be seen in old people, such as the graying of the hair and the
wrinkling of the skin. Signs of aging in a pet dog or cat include loss of playfulness and energy, a
decline in hearing and eyesight, or even a slight graying of the coat. Plants age too, but the signs
are much harder to detect.”
Câu 137: Đáp án B
Thông tin nằm ở câu đầu đoạn 1: “Aging is the process of growing old. It occurs eventually in
every living thing provided, of course, that an illness or accident does not kill it prematurely.”
Câu 138: Đáp án D
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 1: “The most familiar outward signs of aging may be seen in old people,
such as the graying of the hair and the wrinkling of the skin. Signs of aging in a pet dog or cat
include loss of playfulness and energy, a decline in hearing and eyesight, or even a slight graying
of the coat. Plants age too, but the signs are much harder to detect.”
Câu 139: Đáp án A
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 2: “Most body parts grow bigger and stronger, and function more
efficiently during childhood. They reach their peak at the time of maturity, or early adulthood.
After that, they begin to decline. Bones, for example, gradually become lighter and more brittle.
In the aged, the joints between the bones also become rigid and more inflexible. This can make
moving very painful.”
Câu 140: Đáp án C
brittle: (a) cứng nhưng giòn, dễ vỡ, dễ gãy = hard but easily broken
Câu 141: Đáp án A
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 4: “One of the most serious changes of old age occurs in the arteries, the
blood vessels that lead from the heart. They become thickened and constricted, allowing less
blood to flow to the rest of body. This condition accounts, directly or indirectly, for many of the
diseases of the aged. It may, for example, result in heart attack.”
Câu 142: Đáp án C
- “Aging is the process of growing old. It occurs eventually in every living thing provided…”
(Câu đầu đoạn 1) -> A, B đúng
- “Plants age too, but the signs are much harder to detect.” (câu cuối đoạn 1) -> “Cây cối cũng
lão hóa, nhưng dấu hiệu khó nhận ra hơn.” không phải “ít có các dấu hiệu lão hóa hơn”, => C sai
(Dethithpt.com)
- “Different parts of the body wear out at different rates.” (câu 2 đoạn 5) -> D đúng
Câu 143: Đáp án C
Thông tin nằm ở câu đầu đoạn 1: “Increasing numbers of parents in the U.S. are choosing to
teach their children at home.” increasing: (a) ngày càng tăng, tăng dần
Câu 144: Đáp án A
Homeschooled = be taught at home: được dạy dỗ tại nhà
Câu 145: Đáp án A
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 1: “In fact, the U.S. Department of Education has estimated that in 1999,
about 850,000 children were being homeschooled.”
Câu 146: Đáp án D
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 1: “In fact, the U.S. Department of Education has estimated that in 1999,
about 850,000 children were being homeschooled. Some educational experts say that the real
number is double this estimate, and the ranks of homeschooled children seem to be growing at
the average rate of about eleven percent every year.”
Câu 147: Đáp án B
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 2: “Today, however, more parents are taking on the responsibility of
educating their own children at home due to their dissatisfaction with the educational system.”
(Dethithpt.com)
dissatisfaction: (n) không hài lòng, không thỏa mãn, bất mãn
Câu 148: Đáp án A
dissatisfaction: (n) không hài lòng, không thỏa mãn, bất mãn = disappointment
Câu 149: Đáp án C
Thông tin nằm ở câu cuối đoạn 2: “Escalating classroom violence has also motivated some
parents to remove their children from school.”
Câu 150: Đáp án B
favorable: (a) có thiện chí, tán thành
Quan điểm này được bộc lộ ở câu cuối đoạn: “Though once it was the only choice for troubled
children, homeschooling today is an accepted alternative to an educational system that many
believe is failing.”
Câu 151: Đáp án C
Chủ đề chính của đoạnvăn là gì?
Câu chủ để của đoạn nằm ở 2 câu đoạn 1: “Most languages have several levels of vocabulary
that may be used by the same speakers. In English, at least three have been identified and
described.” Hầu hết các ngôn ngữ có nhiều cấp độ từ vựng cái mà có thể được sử dụng bởi cùng
một người nói. Trong tiếng Anh, có ít nhất 3 cấp độ từ vựng được xác định và mô tả.
Đáp án C: các loại từ vựng khác nhau.
Các phương án khác còn lại chỉ là một ý nhỏ của đoạn văn. A. Lối nói chuẩn. B Các cụm thành
ngữ. D cách sử dụng từ điển
Câu 152: Đáp án D
Tiếng lóng được tác giả định nghĩa như thế nào
Thông tin nằm ở dòng 6 + 7 +8 đoạn 2: “Slang, however, refers to words and expressions
understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as appropriate formal usage by the
majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will
be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than writing.”
Tiếng lóng là đề cập đến các từ và các diễn đạt được hiểu bởi nhiều người nói nhưng không được
chấp nhập như là cách dùng chính thức phù hợp bởi hầu hết mọi người. Các diễn đạt thông tục
và thậm chí từ long có thể được tìm thấy ở các từ điển chuẩn ngoại trừ được công nhận. Cả việc
sử dụng lối nói thông tục và tiếng long đều phổ biến trong văn nói hơn là văn viết
Các phương án A. Các từ và cụm từ được chấp nhận bởi phần lớn cách dùng chính thống. B. Các
từ và cụm từ được hiểu bởi hầu hết mọi người nhưng không tìm thấy trong các từ điển chuẩn. C.
Các từ và cụm từ được hiểu bởi nhóm người nói giới hạn. D. Các từ và cụm từ được hiểu bởi
nhiều người nói nhưng không được chấp nhận như là cách dùng chính thống.
Câu 153: Đáp án D
Appropriate = important: (a) thích hợp, thích đáng, quan trọng
Câu 154: Đáp án B
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 3: “In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but
nevertheless retains them in their collective memories.” Trong một vài trường hợp, phần lớn mọi
người không bao giờ chấp nhận một vài cụm từ lóng nào đó ngoại trừ việc lưu giữ chúng (cụm từ
lóng đó) trong ký ức tập tập thể của họ.
Câu 155: Đáp án C
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 2: “Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that
are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but
not considered acceptable for more formal situations.” – Mặt khác, lối nói thân mật là những từ
quen thuộc và những thành ngữ mà được hiểu bởi tất cả những người nói ngôn ngữ đó và sử
dụng trong văn viết cũng như các bài phát biểu thân mật, nhưng không được chấp nhận ở các
tình huống trang trọng.
Thông qua câu này, ý của tác giả là: Informal language contains colloquialisms, which are not
found in more formal language. – Ngôn ngữ thân mật bao gồm các lối nói thân mật, các ngôn
ngữ này thì không được tìm thấy ở ngôn ngữ sử dụng trong các tình huống trang trọng, nghi
thức.
Câu 156: Đáp án A
Câu nào thì đúng để nói về cách dùng chuẩn?
Thông tin nằm ở dòng 1 +2 đoạn 2: “Standard usage includes those words and expressions
understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation
regardless of the level of formality.” Cách dùng chuẩn bao gồm các từ và cách diễn đạt được
hiểu, được sử dụng và được chấp nhận bởi hầu hết người nói của một ngôn ngữ trong bất kỳ
hoàn cảnh nào bất kể mức độ trang trọng
Câu 157: Đáp án D
Tác giả đề cập đến tất cả những yêu cầu cho cách diễn đạt lóng được tạo thành ngoại trừ
Thông tin nằm ở dòng 2 +3 + 4 đoạn 4: “three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation
of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and
situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third,
association among the subgroups and the majority population.” Ba điều kiện văn hoá cần thiết
cho việc tạo ra cách diễn đạt lóng. Thứ nhất, sự giới thiệu và chấp nhận những vật và hoàn cảnh
mới trong xã hội, thứ 2, dân số đa sắc tộc, thứ 3, sự kết nối giữa các nhóm dân tộc nhỏ và nhóm
dân tộc chính
Câu 158: Đáp án A
Conceal sb/ st: (v) che giấu, giấu giếm ≈ hide: (v) che giấu
Create: tạo ra
Erode: xói mòn
Contain: chứa
Câu 159: Đáp án D
Đoạn văn ngụ ý rằng các guyots lần đầu được phát hiện nhờ vào đâu
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 2: “…a ship equipped with a fathometer…Since then, hundreds of guyots
have been discovered in every ocean…”
Đó là nhờ vào máy đo chiều sâu ((máy dùng tiếng vọng để đo chiều sâu của biển)
Các phương án còn lại không được đề cập đến như là phương pháp tìm ra các guyot đầu tiên là
A. cuộc thám hiểm lặn xuống biển sâu. B. phân tích máy tính. C. tàu ngầm nghiên cứu
Câu 160: Đáp án D
Đoạn văn nói gì về Bắc Băng Dương
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 2: “Since then, hundreds of guyots have been discovered in every ocean
but the Arctic.” Kế từ đó, hàng trăm guyot đã được phát hiện ở tát cả các đại dương ngoại trừ
Bắc Băng Dương.
Các phương án còn lại sai hoặc không được đê cập đến. A. Guyot đầu tiên được phát hiện ra ở
đó. B. Các guyot không thể hình thành ở đây. C. Ở đó có nhiều guyot hơn tất cả những đại
dương khác
Câu 161: Đáp án D
Tác giả nói rằng các hẻm núi ngoài khơi và các guyot có đặc điểm chung nào sau đây
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 2: “Like offshore canyons, guyots present a challenge to oceanographic
theory.” Giống như các hẻm núi ngoài khơi, các guyot đều gây thách thức cho việc đưa ra thuyết
đại dương học về chúng Các phương án còn lại không được đề cập đến. A. Cả hai được tìm thấy
ở đáy đại dương gần với thềm lục địa. B. Cả hai được hình thành bởi hoạt động núi lửa. C. Cả
hai tại cùng một thời điểm đều nằm trên mặt biển
Câu 162: Đáp án D
Theo đoạn văn, hầu hết các guyot được tìm thấy ở độ sâu
Thông tin nằm ở câu: “Most lie between 3,200 feet and 6,500 feet.”
Câu 163: Đáp án B
Theo đoạn văn, 2 quá trình nào sau đây liên quan đến việc chìm xuống biển của các guyot
Thông tin nằm ở câu cuối đoạn văn: “The great weight of the volcanic mountains depressed the
sea floor beneath them, and the level of the sea rose a number of times…” Ttrọng lượng lớn của
những ngọn núi lửa làm yếu đáy biển bên dưới chúng, và mực nước biển đã tăng nhiều lần... "
Các phương án khác không được đề cập đến. A. xói mòn và hoạt động núi lửa. B. Thuỷ triều lên
cao và động đất. D. Thi công núi và hoạt động của các dòng hải lưu
Câu 164: Đáp án A
Theo đoạn văn, mực nước biển tăng mạnh khi nào
Thông tin nằm ở câu cuối đoạn văn: “The great weight of the volcanic mountains depressed the
sea floor beneath them, and the level of the sea rose a number of times, especially when the last
Ice Age ended, some 8,000 to 11,000 years ago.”
Câu 165: Đáp án A
Mục đích chính của đoạn văn này là gì
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 1: “In addition to the great ridges and volcanic chains, the oceans conceal
another form of undersea mountains: the strange guyot, or flat-topped seamount.” Ngoài những
dãy núi lớn và những ngọn núi lửa, đại dương cũng che dấu một hình thức khác của núi: đó là
các guyot, hay gọi là núi ngầm dưới nước có đỉnh bằng
Câu này là câu mở của đoạn để giới thiệu mục đích chính sau đó của cả đoạn văn sẽ là mô tả đặc
điểm của thế giới dưới biển.
Các phương án khác không phải là mục đích chính của bài. B. để lần theo nghề nghiệp của ông
Amold Guyot. C. để trình bày các kết quả của nghiên cứu địa chất gần đây. D. để thảo luận về
các dãy núi dưới nước và núi lửa.
Câu 166: Đáp án D
Tác giả viết đoạn văn mang tính lịch sử
Câu 167: Đáp án B
Thông tin nằm ở câu đầu đoạn 1: “The election of Andrew Jackson to the presidency in 1928
marked the political ascendancy of the “common man” in American politics.”
Câu 168: Đáp án C
‘institution’ đề cập tới ngân hàng Hoa Kỳ xuất hiện trước nó
Đoạn 3: “Jackson waged a war against the Bank of the United States, vetoing the bill that re-
chartered the institution, declaring it a dangerous monopoly that profited the wealthy few.”
Câu 169: Đáp án A
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 3: “…declaring it a dangerous monopoly that profited the wealthy few.” –
tuyên bố nó là 1 tổ chức nguy hiểm vì chỉ mang lợi nhuận cho những kẻ giàu có.
Câu 170: Đáp án D
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 4: “He adopted what was at the time considered an enlightened solution to
the Indian problem-removal.”
Câu 171: Đáp án D
‘brutal’: (a) hung bạo, tàn ác = harsh (a): thô bạo, ác nghiệt, tàn nhẫn
Câu 172: Đáp án D
Thông tin nằm ở câu cuối đoạn 1: “His name became a household word during the war of 1812,
when, as a U.S Army major general, he led troops against the Creek Indians in the Mississippi
Territory and later defeated the British at New Orleans.”
Câu 173: Đáp án B
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 2: “With the development of agricultural communities, women’s work
revolved more around the home.”
Câu 174: Đáp án C
Thông tin nằm ở câu cuối đoạn 2: “As urban centres developed, women sold or traded goods in
the marketplace.” (bán hoặc trao đổi hàng hóa ở chợ)
Câu 175: Đáp án A
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 3: “Women’s indentured work has often been similar to their work at
home.”
- indentured work = work outside the home
Câu 176: Đáp án C
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 4: “Some major changes are now occurring in industrial nations,…;
decreasing family responsibilities (due to both smaller family size and technological innovation
in the home); higher levels of education for women; and more middle and upper-income women
working for pay or for job satisfaction. Statistically, they have not yet achieved parity of pay or
senior appointments in the workplace in any nation.”
- dù giảm trách nhiệm với gia đình và nâng cao về giáo dục,… họ vẫn chưa nhận được sự ngang
bằng hay những vị trí công việc cao hơn ở nơi làm việc.
Câu 177: Đáp án D
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 3: “Women have worked because of economic necessity; poor women in
particular worked outside the home whether they were unmarried or married, and especially if
their husbands were unable to sustain the family solely through their own work.”
– phụ nữ phải làm vì sự cần thiết về kinh tế, nếu như chồng của họ không thể 1 mình làm trụ cột
gia đình.
Câu 178: Đáp án C
sweatshops: xí nghiệp bóc lột công nhân tàn tệ
Câu 179: Đáp án C
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 7: “…the Industrial Revolution developed, the putting-out system slowly
declined. Goods that had been produced by hand in the home were manufactured by machine
under the factory system. Women competed more with men for some jobs, but were concentrated
primarily in textile mills and clothing factories.”
Câu 180: Đáp án C
Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 1: “The work of women has been economically vital since prehistory,
although their contributions have varied according to the structure, needs, customs, and attitudes
of society.”