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Unit 1
Q uestions 1 – 5

The gasoline internal co mbustion engine [petrol engine] operates in a cycle that consists o f six operations, out of which
four are called strokes. Although processes of the cycle are actually irreversible and friction and heat lo sses are present,
we may assume the entire cycle as idealized quasi-static cycle as shown in the figure.
This cycle is known as the Air-standard Otto cycle. Throughout this idealised cycle the working substance is treated as if
it were ideal gas of adiabatic exponent γ = 1.4 alone, ignoring the fuel vapours and combustion products.

I. " Isobar ic intak e strok e " in which the volume increases from zero to V, at atmospheric pressure into the
cylinder

II. A diabatic compression strok e: The in let valve is closed and the gasoline-air mixture is compressed
Va
adiabatically fro m Va to Vb . Here r is known as compression ratio of engine [r = 6]. If r > 7then the
Vb
temperature Tb that is reached at the end is sufficiently high to ignite the fuel mixture before the occurrence of
spark. Such pre-ignition causes "knocking" and loss of power.

III. Constan t vol u me ignition: A spark is produced and mixture o f air-gasoline vapour is ign ited.

IV. A diabatic ex pansion or power strok e: The heated air and combustion products expand against and drives the
piston. This is the stroke that delivers power of the crankshaft.

V. Constan t volu me exhaust: At the end of power stroke the exhaust value is opened; this causes a sudden partial
escape of cylinder gases. No piston motion takes place in this part of the cycle.

VI. Isobar ic exhaust strok e: The moving piston drives out the residual cylinder gases to restore the initial
condition of the engine.

Now, answer the following questions

1. The adiabatic power stroke is

A ab
B bc
C cd
D da

2. The ignition of air-gasoline vapour takes place at

A a
B b
C c
D d

3. The pressure at b will be (Pb )

A Pb = 6 at m
B Pb > 6 at m

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C Pb < 6 at m
D None of the above

4. If Va = 600 cc, then Vb will be

A 600 cc
B 3600 cc
C 100 cc
D None of the above

5. If Ta = 300K, then Tb will be [60.4 = 2.0476725]

A 614.3 K
B 675.8 K
C 690.8 K
D None of the above

Unit 2
Q uestions 6 – 10

A thin rigid rod of length 4R and a sphere of equal mass M and radius R are located in a relative position as shown in the
diagram. The centre of the sphere is at a distance of 2R fro m the centre of the rod on its perpendicular bisector. Assume
that the system of rod and sphere is in gravity free space.

6. Which of the follo wing best explains the mass density of rod?

A Linear
B Surface
C Vo lu me
D All of the above

7. Let O represent the centre of sphere and A be the centre of the rod. A small element of rod at P makes an angle
AOP = θ. The mass of this element is

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A M/2 sec2 θ dθ                                                   

B M cos2 θ dθ
C 2M sin θ dθ                                      
D 3M tan θ dθ 

8. The force on the sphere by the rod is

A GM 2 /4√2R2
B GM 2 /4R2
C GM 2 /R2
D None of the above

9. The acceleration of the sphere relative to the rod is

A GM/ 4√2R2
B GM/ 2√R2
C GM/ √2R2
D GM/ R2

10. The rod and sphere collide at a point, which is

A At left of rod
B At right of sphere
C At centre of mass of rod + sphere
D None of the above

Unit 3
Q uestions 11 – 14

Heat generation may occur in a variety of radial geo metries. Consider a tang, solid cy linder as shown in the figure, wh ich
could represent a current-carrying wire o r a fuel element in a nuclear reactor. For steady state conditions, the rate at
which heat is generated within the cylinder must equal the rate at which heat is converted from the surface of the cylinder
to a moving flu id. This condition allows the surface temperature to be maintained at a fixed value of T s .
To determine the temperature distribution in the cylinder, we begin with energy conservation principle. Consider a
cylindrical section of radius r. The rate at which energy is generated within the given volume is conducted radially
outward.
dT
q r 2  K2 r
dr
dT
where q is the energy generated per unit time per unit volu me, K is the thermal conductivity and is the temperature
dr
gradient at radius r.
If q is constant

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q 2
T r r C
4k
At r r0 , T r0 Ts
q 2 r2
Therefore, T r r0 1 2 Ts
4k r0
The rate of heat convected to the surrounding fluid (at temperature T f) by the surface at temperature T s is proportional to
the temperature difference Ts Tf and the surface area in contact with the fluid.
Thus, rate of heat convection = h 2 r0 L Ts Tf
where h is a constant called heat convection coefficient.
By overall energy balance
q r02 L h 2 r0  Ts Tf
0
qr
Ts Tf
2h

11. Consider a spherical nuclear fuel material of radius r0 and rate of heat generation q (watt/m3 ). Find the
temperature difference between the surface and surrounding fluid in steady state (h is the heat convection
coefficient).  

0
qr 0
2qr
A B
2h 3h
0
qr 0
qr
C D
3h h

12. In the above passage, the ratio of temperature grad ient at r = r0 /2 and r = r0 is

A 1 B ¼
1
C ½ D /8

13. In the given passage, the difference in temperature at the axis and surface of the cylinder is

A q r0 2 / 4k B q r0 2 / k
C q r0 2 / 2k D 2q r0 / k

14. The dimension of heat convection coefficient is

A [M L2 T-1 θ -1 ]
B [ML0 T-3 θ -1 ]
C [ML2 T-2 θ -1 ]
D [ML4 T-2 θ -1 ]

Unit 4
Q uestion 15

In a mixture of H-He+ gas (He+ is singly ionized He atom), H atoms and He + ions are excited to their respective first
excited states. Subsequently, H ato ms transfer their total exc itation energy to He + ions (by collisions). Assume that the
Bohr model of ato m is exactly valid.

15. The quantum nu mber n of the state finally populated in He + ions is

A 2
B 3

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C 4
D 5

Unit 5
Q uestions 16 – 20

Thermoelectricity refers to a phenomenon that occurs at the junctions of dissimilar conductors or within a single
conductor, when a temperature difference exists between the junctions of across a conductor. There are three
thermogalvanic effects, namely Seebeck effect, Peltier effect and are all reversible in contrast with the Joule effect which
is irreversible.
Seebeck effect is the superposition of Peltier effect and Thomson effect.
In a thermocouple, if the two junctions are maintained at a potential difference. A temperature difference is established,
i.e. heat is generated at one junction and absorbed at the other junction. This is called Peltier effect and its converse is the
Seebeck effect. The relationship between the thrmo-emf across the junction and the temperature difference is parabolic.

Answer the following questions in view of above passage:

16. Which thermogalvnic effect takes place in a single conductor?

A Seebeck effect
B Peltier effect
C Joule effect
D Thomson effect

17. Which heat depends on the direction of current?

A Joule heat
B Peltier heat
C Thomson effect
D None of these

18. Magnitude of Seebeck emf between the junctions does not depend on

A thermocouple
B temperature of co ld junction
C temperature of hot junction
D neutral temperature

19. Equation between Seebeck emf and temperature difference (θ) across the junction may be written as

A
2
B and
C 1/
D none of these

20. Which heat is produced throughout the conducting wire?

A Peltier heal
B Thomson effect heat
C Joule heat
D none of these

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Unit 6
Q uestions 21 - 25

   
Torricelli was the first to devise an experiment for measuring atmospheric pressure. He took a calibrated hard glass tube,
1 m in length and of uniform cross section, closed at one end. He filled the whole tube with dry mercury taking care that
no air or water droplets remain inside the tube, closed the opposite end of the tube tightly with thumb and inverted it. He
put this inverted mercury lube into a mercury trough, taking care that the end of the tube remains inside the mercury
trough. When the given tube was inclined or lowered in the mercury trough, the vertical height of mercury level in the
tube was always found constant.

21. If a s mall hole is made al point P in the barometer lube, then

A Mercury will co me out instantly from the hole

B Mercury will co me out of the tube after some time
C Mercury will not co me out of the hole
D None of the above

22. If an addit ional hole is also made al P’ at the top point of the tube, then

A Mercury will not co me out of the lube.

B Mercury may co me out of the tube after some time
C Mercury will co me out the tube instantly
D None of the tube

23. If this experiment uses water instead of mercury, then

A length of water will be equal to 76 cm

B length of water will be less than 76 cm
C length of water will be greater than 76 cm
D none of the above

24. If the apparatus used in Torricelli experiment is kept in a chamber and all the air fro m the chamber is pulled out,
then

A level of mercury will decrease

B level of mercury will increase
C level of mercury will drop down to zero
D none of the above

25. In Torricelli’s experiment, the length of free space in tube is

A 76 cm
B 24 cm
C none of above
D no information given

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