Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Departamento de Mercadeo.
Profesora: Alumno:
Cl:26.627.235
Alcides García
Cl:27.572.199
Absolute advantage. One country enjoying total lower costs of production than
another country (ies).
Agent. A channel institution which represents one or more suppliers for a fee.
Anthropology. The discovery of beliefs, motives and values through the study
of a society's overt and covert behaviour.
Barter. The direct exchange of goods and services between two parties, often
without cash considerations.
Bill of lading. The receipt given by the shipping company to the shipper for
goods accepted for carriage by sea. (as opposed to an airway bill of lading for
goods carried by air).
Bills of exchange. An unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person
(drawer) to another (drawee), signed by the person giving it (drawer), requiring
the person to whom it is addressed (drawee) to pay on demand, at a fixed or
determinable future date, a sum certain in money to, or to the order of, a specific
person (payee) or to bearer.
C.I.F. A contract of sale "cost, insurance freight" of the documents of title, not the
goods, whereby the buyer is under an obligation to pay against the shipping
documents irrespective of the arrival of the goods.
Culture. The sum total of learned behaviourial characteristics or traits which are
manifest and shared by members of a particular society.
Devaluation. The reduction in the value of one currency vis a vis other countries.
Dumping. The selling of goods or services in a buying country at less than the
production unit price in the selling country, or the difference between normal
domestic price and the price at which the product leaves the exporting country.
Duty. The actual custom duty based on an imported good either on an ad
valorem, or specification amount per unit or combination of these two.
Export processing zone. A zone, designated within the country, enjoying tax
privileges or other status, where goods and services can be brought into,
reprocessed and re-exported.
Exporting. The marketing of surplus goods produced in one country into another
country.
F.A.S. A contract of sale "free along side" whereby the seller undertakes to place
the goods alongside a ship ready for boarding and carry all charges up to that
point.
F.O.B. A contract of sale "free on board" whereby the seller undertakes to place
the goods on board a named ship at a named port and berth and carry all charges
up to delivery over the ships rail.
Gross domestic product (GDP). The value of all goods and services produced
by a country's domestic economy in one year.
Gross national product (GNP). The market value of all goods and services
outputted by residents of a country in one year including income from aboard.
Income per capita. The market value of all goods and services outputted by a
country divided by the total number of residents of that country.
Local products. Goods or services seen only suitable in one single market.
Market entry. The way in which an organisation enters foreign markets either by
direct or indirect export or production in a foreign country.
Market holding price. The charging of a price at what the market can bear in
order to hold market share.
Media. Any paid for communication channel including television, radio, posters
etc..
Non tariff barriers. Measures, public or private that cause intentionally traded
goods or services to be allocated in such a way as to reduce potential real world
income.
Option. A bilateral contract giving its holder the right, but not the obligation to
buy or sell a specified asset at a specific price, at or up to, a specific date.
Physical distribution. The act and functions of physically distributing goods and
services including the elements of transport, warehousing and order processing.
Price ceiling. The maximum price which can be charged bearing in mind
competition and what the market can bear.
Price escalation. The difference between the domestic price and the target price
in foreign markets due to the application of duties, dealer margins and/or other
transaction costs.
Price floor. The minimum price which can be charged bounded by product cost.
Promotion. The offer of an inducement to purchase, over and above the intrinsic
value or price of a good service.
Purchasing power parity. The rate at which one unit of currency will purchase
the same amount of goods and services as it bought in an equilibrium period,
despite differential rates of inflation.
Quota. A specific imported amount imposed by one country on another, when
once filled cannot be exceeded within a given time. When a quota is in force the
price mechanism is not allowed to operate.
Revaluation. The increase in the value of one currency vis a vis other currencies.
Skimming price. The charging of a high price in order to gain maximum revenue
conducted under conditions of product uniqueness and inelastic demand
patterns.
Terms of access. The conditions imposed by one country which apply to the
importation of goods from another country.
The World Bank. Known also as the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD). A bank, with world wide country membership, (United
nations) which provides long term capital to and economic development.
Transfer pricing. The price at which goods or services are transferred between
one country and another within the same organisation.
Wholesaler. A channel institution which purchases and sells in bulk from either
original suppliers and/or other channel intermediaries, charging a margin for its
services