ANALOG ELECTRONIC PROJECT

TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED LED

• To demonstrate the working of a temperature controlled
LEDs circuit.
• To fix the reference temperature after which the glowing
LED changes.
• To notice the change of glowing LED as the
temperature of the sensor crosses the reference value.
• 1.9v Battery
• 2.IC 7805
• 3.Temperature sensor LM35
• 4.Op-amp LM358
• 5.10k ohm Resistor (3)
• 6.1k ohm Resistor (3)
• 7.Variable Resistor 10k
• 8.LEDs (Red and Yellow)
• 9.NPN Transistor BC547 (2)
1. VOLTAGE REGULATOR (IC7805)

2. TEMPERATUE SENSOR (LM35)

3. OP AMP (LM358)

4. BJTs AND LEDs

• Op-amp has two inputs and one output in one
independent LM358. Inputs are at pin 2 (negative pin) and
3 (positive pin).
• When voltage at pin 2 is more than voltage at pin 3 it will
raise the output towards the positive maximum voltage
and a slight increase at negative pin compared to positive
pin will lower the output towards the negative maximum.
• This feature of operational amplifier makes it suitable for
the purpose of level detection.
Op-amp LM358 is used to compare the output voltage of
LM35 with the reference voltage.
Set the circuit for threshold voltage 50 Degree, so to trigger
the op-amp at 50 Degree, set the reference voltage to 0.5
volt, as at 50 degree temperature LM35 output voltage will
be 0.5 volt or 500mV. Reference voltage is the voltage at
Pin no 2 of LM358.
(here R2 is second part of potentiometer: 2k ohm and R1 is R1 + first part of potentiometer:
10k+8k)
Vout = (2 / 18 + 2) * 5 = 0.5v
• IC7805 is used to provide the regulated 5v supply to the
circuit.
• When temperature is below 50 degree Celsius then
yellow LED remains ON and RED remains OFF.
• When temperature is below 50 degree then output of
LM358 remains LOW and Q1 remains in OFF state and
transistor Q2 remains in ON state.
• When surrounding’s temperature goes beyond 50 Degree Celsius,
output voltage of LM35 at pin 2 also goes higher than 0.5 volt.
• Output of LM35 is connected to Pin 3 of Op-amp LM358. Already
set the reference voltage (voltage at Pin 2 of LM358) to 0.5 volt,
so now voltage at Pin 3 (non-inverting input) becomes higher than
voltage at Pin 2 (inverting input) and output of opamp LM358
becomes HIGH. Output of LM358 connected to the base of NPN
transistor Q1, so Q1 also becomes ON and Red LED starts
glowing. At the same time, base of Transistor Q2 gets ground and
Q2 becomes OFF and yellow LED also becomes OFF.
• It can be used in laboratories as an indicator for the
temperature limits.
• It can be implemented in kitchen instruments where
temperature of the food raises.
• And all other applications where temperature is to be kept
under some limit.
• The temperature controlled LEDs circuit was successfully
constructed and tested.
• It was observed that the glowing LEDs have shifted from
one to another as the reference voltage was encountered
at the temperature sensor.
• The working of different components used was
understood.
• The working principle of a temperature controlled LED
system was understood.
• The sensitivity and the accuracy of the circuit can be
enhanced by using more sensitive temperature sensors.
• http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm158-n.pdf - LM358
• https://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/temperature-
controlled-leds-using-lm35 - circuit digest page.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=48&v=lkz
rDoaBP7E - demonstration video.