Week 9 Review: Answers and Solutions

Below are the solutions to the exercises and problems about age problems.

Exercises

1.) Leah is 3 years older than Lanie. The sum of their ages is 29. What are their ages?

Let x = Lanie’s age

x + 3 = Leah’s age

The sum of their ages is 29.

x + (x + 3) = 29
2x + 3 = 29
2x = 29 – 3
2x = 26
x = 26/2
x = 13 (Lanie’s age)

Leah’s age = x + 3 = 13 + 3 = 16

Answer: Lanie 13, Leah 16

2.) Alfred’s thrice as old as Fely. The difference between their ages is 16. What are their ages?

Let x = Fely’s age

3x = Alfred’s age

The difference between their ages is 16.

3x – x = 16
2x = 16
x = 16/2
x = 8(Fely’s age)

3x = 3(8) = 24 (Alfred’s age)

Answer: Alfred 24, Fely 8

3.) Kaye is 4 years younger than Kenneth. The sum of their ages is 42. What are their ages?

Let x = Kenneth’age
x – 4 = Kenneth’s age

The sum of their ages is 42.

x + (x – 4) = 42
2x – 4 = 42
2x = 42 + 4
2x = 46
x = 46/2
x = 23 (Kenneth’s age)
x – 4 = (23)-4 = 19 (Kaye’s age)

Answer: Kaye 19, Kenneth 23.

Problems

1.) Gina is 5 years older than Liezel. In 5 years, the sum of their ages will be 39. What are their
ages?
Present ages
Let x = Liezel’s age
x + 5 = Gina’s age.

In 5 years
(x + 5) = Liezel’s age
(x + 5) + 5 = Gina’s age.

The sum of their ages will be 39.

(x + 5) + (x + 5) + 5 = 39
2x + 15 = 39
2x = 39 – 15
2x = 24
x = 24/2
x = 12 (Liezel’s age)
(x + 5) = 12 + 5 = 17 (Gina’s age)

Answer: Gina 17, Liezel 12.

2.) Alex is 7 years older than Ben. Three years ago, the sum of their ages was 29. What are their
ages?

Present ages
Let x = Ben’s age
x + 7 = Alex’s age

3 yrs ago
x – 3 = Ben’s age
x + 7 – 3 = Alex’s age

The sum of their ages was 29.

(x – 3) + [(x + 7) – 3] = 29
x – 3 + x + 4 = 29
2x + 1 = 29
2x = 29 – 1
2x = 28
x = 28/2
x = 14 (Ben’s age)
(x + 7) = 14 + 7 = 21 (Alex’s age)

Answer: Alex 21, Ben 14

3.) Yna is 18 years older than Karl. In 8 years, she will be as twice as old as Karl. What are their
ages?

Let x = Karl’s age

x + 18 = Yna’s age

In 8 years…
Karl = x + 8
Yna = (x + 18) + 8

…she (Yna) will be as twice as old as Karl

Yna’s age = 2 times Karl’s age

(x + 18) + 8 = 2(x + 8)
x + 26 = 2x + 16
x – 2x = 16 – 26
-x = -10
x = 10 (Kar’s age)
x + 18 = 10 + 18 = 28 (Yna’s age)

4.) Peter’s age is thrice Amaya’s age. In 5 years, his age will be twice Amaya’s age. How old is
Peter?

Let x = Amaya’s age

3x = Peter’s age

In 5 years…
Amaya = x + 5
Peter = 3x + 5

…his age will be twice as Amaya’s age

3x + 5 = 2(x + 5)
3x + 5 = 2x + 10
3x – 2x = 10 – 5
x = 5 (Amaya’s age)
3x = 3(5) = 15 (Peter’s age)

5.) Martin is thrice as old as Kaye. If 7 is subtracted from Martin’s age and 5 is added to Kaye’s
age, then the sum of their ages is 34. What are their ages?

Let x = Kaye’s age

3x = Martin’s age

If 7 is subtracted from Martin’s age…

3x – 7

…and 5 is added to kaye’s age…

x+5

…then the sum of their ages is 34.

(3x – 7) + (x + 5) = 34
4x – 2 = 34
4x = 34 + 2
4x = 36
x = 36/4
x = 9 (Kaye’s age)

3x = 3(9) = 27 (Martin’s age)

Answer: Kaye 9, Martin 27.

6.) James is 9 years older than Kevin. Two years ago, his age was twice that of Kevin’s age.
How old is James?

Present ages
Let x = Kevin’s age
x + 9 = James’ age

2 years ago

x – 2 = Kevin’s age
(x + 9) – 2 = x + 7 = James’ age

…his age was twice of Kevin

x + 7 = 2(x – 2)
x + 7 = 2x – 4
x – 2x = -4 – 7
-x = -11
x = 11 (Kevin’s age)
x + 9 = 11 + 9 = 20 (James’ age)

Answer: James is 20 years old.

7.) Mark is twice as old as Lorie. Rey is 6 years younger than Mark. Three years ago, the average
of the ages of the three of them is 20. What are their present ages?

Present ages
Let x = Lorie’s age
2x = Mark’s age
2x – 6 = Rey’s age

3 years go
x – 3 = Lorie’s age
2x – 3 = Mark’s age)
(2x – 6) -3 = (2x -9) = Rey’s age

The average of their ages was 20.

(Lorie’s age + Mark’s age + Rey’s age ) / 3 = 20

[(x – 3) + (2x – 3) + (2x – 9)]/3 = 20.

Multiplying both sides by 3,

x – 3 + 2x – 3 + 2x – 9 = 20(3)
5x – 15 = 60
5x = 60 + 15
5x = 75
x = 75/5.

x = 15 (Lorie’s age)
2x = 2(15) = 30 (Mark’s age)
2x – 6 = 2(15) – 6 = 30 – 6 = 24 (Rey’s age)

Answer: Lorie 15, Mark 30, Rey 24.

8.) Sam is thrice as old as Vina. Rio is half as old as Vina. The sum of their ages is 54. What are
their ages?

Let x – Vina’s age

3x = Sam’s age
x/2 = Rio’s age

The sum of their ages is 54.

x + 3x + x/2 = 54

Multiply both sides by 2.

2(x + 3x + x/2 = 54)2
2(x) + 2(3x) + 2(x/2) = 2(54)
2x + 6x + x = 108
9x = 108
x = 108/9
x = 12(Vina’s age)

3x = 3(12) = 36 (Sam’s age)

x/2 = 12/2 = 6 (Rio’s age)

Answer: Vina 12, Sam 36, Rio 6.

9.) Four years from now, Tina’s age will be equal to Kris’ present age. Two years from now,
Kris will be twice as old as Tina. What are their present ages?

Present Ages

x = Kris’age
x – 4 = Tina’s age

2 years from now

x + 2 = Kris’ age
x – 4 + 2 = x – 2 = Tina’s age

4 years from now

x + 4 = Kris’ age
x = Tina’s age

Two years from now, Kris will be twice as old as Tina.

x + 2 = 2(x – 2)
x + 2 = 2x – 4
x – 2x = -4 – 2
-x = -6
x = 6 (Kris’ present age)
x – 4 = 6 – 2 = 4 (Tina’s age)

Week 7 Review: Answers and Solutions

Below are the answers to the Week 7 Review Exercises and Problems. Since I cannot align the
decimals using this platfrom, I just wrote the answers. You can check your answer using a
calculator.

Exercise 1
a.) 1.2 + 3.02 + 4.003 (Answer: 8.223)
b.) 1.05 + 0.006 + 4.501 (Answer: 5.55)
c.) 12.1 – 4.25 (Answer: 7.85)
d.) 11.8 – 2.005 (Answer: 9.795)
e.) 12.1 – 21.53 + 2.563 (Answer: -6.867)

Exercise 2
a.) 3 × 0.41 (Answer: 1.23)
b.) 0.02 × 0.56 (Answer: 0.0112)
c.) 5.1 × 0.45 (Answer: 2.295)
d.) 5.8 × 4.25 (Answer: 24.65)
e.) 2.8 × 3.2 × 0.6 (Answer: 5.376)

Exercise 3
a.) 3 ÷ 0.2 (Answer: 15)
b.) 5.1 ÷ 0.3 (Answer: 17)
c.) 6.4 ÷ 4 (Answer: 1.6)
d.) 8.1 ÷ 0.009 (Answer: 900)
e.) 0.125 ÷ 0.25 (Answer: 0.5)

Problems

1.) Convert 0.25 to fraction. (Answer: 1/4)

2.) Convert 1/8 to decimal. (Answer: 0.125)

3.) Convert 3/4 to percent. (Answer: 75%)

4.) Convert 35% to fraction. (Answer: 7/20)

5.) Convert 20% to decimal. (Answer: 0.2)

Week 6 Review: Answers and Solutions

PCSR WEEK 6 Review: Solving Equations

Practice Exercise: Find the value of x.
1.) x + 5 = 8 => x = 8 – 5 => x = 3
2.) x – 3 = 6 => x = 6 + 3 => x = 9
3.) x + 8 = 0 => x = 0 – 8 => x = -8
4.) 4x = 12 => x = 12/4 => x = 3
5.) x/2 = -6 => x = -6(2) => x = -12

PCSR WEEK 6 Review: Solving Equations. In each equation, find the value of x.
1.) 2x – 1 = 5

2x = 5 + 1
2x = 6
x = 6/2
x=3

2.) x – 12 = – 2x

x + 2x = 12
3x = 12
x = 12/3
x=4

3.) x + 6 = 3x – 5

x – 3x = -5 – 6
-2x = -11
x = -11/-2
x = 11/2 or 5 1/2

4.) 5x + 12 = 3x – 6

5x – 3x = -6 – 12
2x = -18
x = -18/2
x = -9

5.) 2(5 – x) = 13

By distributive property, (2)(5) – (2)(x) = 13

10 – 2x = 13
-2x = 13 – 10
-2x = 3
x = 3/(-2)
x = -1 1/2

6.) 3(x + 8) = 15 + 6x

(3)(x) + (3)(8) = 15 + 6x
3x + 24 = 15 + 6x
3x – 6x = 15 – 24
-3x = -9
x = -9/-3
x = 9/3 or 3

7.) -2(3x – 4) = 2(1 – x)

(-2)(3x) – (-2)(4) =(2)(1) -(2)(x)
-6x – (-8) = 2 – 2x
-6x + 8 = 2 – 2x
-6x + 2x = 2 – 8
-4x = – 6
x = -6/(-4)
x = 6/4 or 3/2 or 1 1/2

8.) 4(x + 2) – 5 = x + 6

4(x) + 4(2) – 5 = x + 6
4x + 8 – 5 = x + 6
4x + 3 = x + 6
4x – x = 6 – 3
3x = 3
x = 3/3 or 1

9.) 3x/4 = 18

3x = 18(4)
3x = 72
x = 72/3
x = 24

10.) x/4 + 6 = 16

x/4 = 16 – 6
x/4 = 10
x = 10(4)
x = 40

11.) x/2 – 7 = 5 – 2x

To eliminate the fraction, we multiply both sides of the equation by 2.

2(x/2 – 7) = 2(5 – 2x)
2(x/2) – 2(7) = 2(5) – 2(2x)
x – 14 = 10 – 4x
x + 4x = 10 + 14
5x = 24
x = 24/5 or 4 4/5

12.) (x + 5)/2 = x – 3

To eliminate the fraction, we multiply both sides of the equation by 2.

2[(x + 5)/2] = 2(x – 3)

x + 5 = 2(x) – 2(3)
x + 5 = 2x – 6
x – 2x = -6 – 5
-x = -11
x = -11/-1
x = 11

13.) (2x – 3)/2 = (x + 2)/3

To eliminate the fraction, we multiply both sides of the equation by the LCM of 2 and 3 which is
6.

6[(2x – 3)/2] = 6[(x + 2)/3]

(6/2) (2x – 3) = (6/3) (x + 2)
(3)(2x – 3) = (2)(x + 2)
(3)(2x) – (3)(3) = (2)(x) + (2)(2)
6x – 9 = 2x + 4
6x – 2x = 4 + 9
4x = 13
x = 13/4
x = 3 1/4
14.) 8 – (x + 3)/4 = (x + 8)

4(8) – 4[(x + 3)/4] = 4(x + 8)

(32) – (x + 3) = (4)(x) + (4)(8)
32 – x – 3 = 4x + 32
29 – x = 4x + 32
-x – 4x = 32 – 29
-5x = 3
x = 3/(-5)
x = – 3/5

15.) 3(x -9)/4 = 2(x + 6)/5

[(3)(x) – (3)(9)]/4 = [(2)(x) + (2)(6)]/5

(3x – 27)/4 = (2x + 12)/5

To eliminate the fraction, we multiply both sides of the equation by the LCM of 2 and 3 which is
6.

20 [(3x – 27)/4 = (2x + 12)/5]

(20/4)(3x – 27) = (20/5)(2x + 12)

5(3x – 27) = 4(2x + 12)
(5)(3x) – (5)(27) = (4)(2x) + (4)(12)
15x – 135 = 8x + 48
15x – 8x = 48 + 135
7x = 183
x = 183/7 or 26 1/7

Week 8 Review: Answers and Solutions

Problem 1

One number is 3 more than the other. Their sum is 27. What are the numbers?

Let x – smaller number

x + 3 – larger number

Their sum is 27, so

x + (x + 3) = 27
2x + 3 = 27
2x = 27 – 3
2x = 24
x = 24/2
x = 12 (smaller number)
x + 3 = 15 (larger number).

Problem 2
One number is 5 less than the other. Their sum is 51. What are the numbers?

Let x – larger number

x – 5 – smaller number

And their sum is 51. So,

x + (x – 5) = 51
2x – 5 = 51
2x = 51 + 5
2x = 56
x = 56/2
x = 28 (larger number)
x – 5 = 28 – 5 = 23 (smaller number).

Answer: 23 and 28

Problem 3

One number is 3 times the other number. Their sum is 48. What are the numbers?

Let x – smaller number

3x – larger number

And their sum is 48. So,

x + 3x = 48
4x = 48
x = 48/4
x = 12(1st number)

2nd number = 3x
3(12) = 36

Answer: 12 and 36

Problem 4
One number is 5 times the other number. Their difference is 52. What are the numbers?

Let x – smaller number

5x – larger number

And their difference is 52. So,

5x – x = 52
4x = 52
x = 52/4
x = 13 (smaller number)
5x = 5(13) = 65.

Checking: -13 – (-65)

-13 + (65) = 52

Answer: 13 and 65

Problem 5
The sum of three numbers is 36. The second number is 5 more than the first number and the third
number is 8 less than the first number. What are the three numbers?

Let x – 1st number

x + 5 – 2nd number
x – 8 – 3rd number

Their sum is 36. So,

x + (x + 5) + (x – 8) = 36
3x – 3 = 36
3x = 36 + 3
3x = 39
x = 13 (1st number)
2nd number = x + 5 => (13) + 5 => 18
3rd number = x – 8 => (13) – 8 => 5
Checking: 13 + 18 + 5 = 36

Problem 6

The sum of three numbers is 98. The second number is twice the first number and the third
number twice the second number. What are the three numbers?

14, 28 & 56

Let x = 1st number

2x = 2nd number (twice the first)
2(2x)=3rd number (twice the second)

And their sum is 98. So,

x + (2x) + 2(2x) = 98
x + 2x + 4x =98
7x = 98
x = 98/7
x = 14 (1st number)

2nd number = 2x => 2(14) => 28

3rd number = 2(2x) => 2(2(14)) => 2(28) => 56

Problem 7

One number is two more than thrice the other. Their sum is 26. What are the two numbers?

Let x – 1st number

3x + 2 = 2nd number (two more than thrice the other)

And their sum is 26.

x + (3x + 2) = 26
4x + 2 = 26
4x = 26 – 2
4x = 24
x = 24/4
x = 6 (1st number)

2nd number = (3x + 2) => 3(6) + 2 => 18 + 2 => 20

Answer: 6 and 20

Problem 8

One number is thrice the other. When 3 is added to the larger and 7 is subtracted from the
smaller, their sum becomes 32. What are the two numbers?

Let x – smaller number

3x – larger number (thrice the other)

When 3 is added to larger number… = 3x + 3

…and 7 is subtracted to smaller = x – 7

Their sum becomes 32. So,

(3x + 3) + (x – 7) = 32
4x – 4 = 32
4x = 32 + 4
4x = 36
x = 36/4
x = 9(smaller number)

Larger number = 3x = 3(9) = 27

Checking:
When 3 is added to larger number = 27 + 3 = 30
And 7 is subtracted to smaller number = 9-7 = 2

Their sum is 32 = 30 + 2 = 32

Answer: 9 and 27

Problem 9

The sum of two consecutive numbers is 91. What are the two numbers?

Let x – first number

x + 1 – 2nd number

x + (x + 1) = 91
2x + 1 = 91
2x = 91 – 1
2x = 90
x = 90/2
x = 45 (1st number)

2nd number => x + 1 => 45 + 1 => 46

Answer: 45 and 46

Problem 10
The sum of two positive consecutive EVEN integers is 66. What are the two numbers?

Let x – 1st number

x + 2 = 2nd number

x + (x + 2) = 66
2x + 2 = 66
2x = 66 – 2
2x = 64
x = 64/2
x = 32 (1st number)

2nd number => x + 2 => 32 + 2 => 34

Answer: 32 and 34

PCSR Problem 11

The sum of two positive consecutive ODD integers is 36. What are the two numbers?

Let x – 1st odd number

x + 2 – 2nd odd number

And their sum is 36.

x + (x + 2) = 36
2x + 2 = 36
2x = 36-2
2x = 34
x = 34/2
x = 17(1st number)
x + 2 = 17 + 2 = 19 (2nd number)

Checking:

17 + 19 = 36
And 17 and 19 are both odd numbers

Answer: 17 and 19

Problem 12

The sum of three positive consecutive ODD integers is 81. What are the three integers?

Let x – 1st odd integer

x + 2 – 2nd odd integer
x + 4 – 3rd odd integer

Their sum is 81.

x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = 81
3x + 6 = 81
3x = 81 – 6
3x = 75
x = 75/3
x = 25 (1st int)

2nd int = (x + 2) => 25 + 2 => 27

3rd int = (x + 4) => 25 + 4 => 29

Checking:

25 + 27 + 29 = 81
They are consecutive ODD integers.

Answer: 25, 27 & 29

Problem 13

The sum of the smallest and the largest of five positive consecutive integers is 108. What is the
third integer?

Let x – 1st integer

x + 1 = 2nd integer
x + 2 = 3rd integer
x + 3 = 4th integer
x + 4 = 5th integer

Since the sum of the first and the fifth is 108,

x + (x + 4) = 108
2x + 4 = 108
2x = 108 – 4
2x = 104
x = 104/2
x = 52 (smallest number).

2nd int. => (x + 1) => 52 + 1 => 53

3rd int => ( x + 2) => 52 + 2 => 54
4th int. => (x + 3) => 52 + 3 => 55
5th int. => (x + 4) => 52 + 4 => 56
Since we are looking for the third integer, the answer is 54.

Problem 14
The average of four positive consecutive EVEN integers is 19. What is the largest integer?

Let x – 1st even integer

x + 2 = 2nd even integer
x + 4 = 3rd even integer
x + 6 = 4th even integer

Their average is 19.

(x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) + (x + 6))/4 = 19
(4x + 12)/4 = 19

Multiplying both sides of the equation by 4,

4x + 12 = 19(4)
4x + 12 = 76
4x = 76 – 12
4x = 64
x = 64/4
x = 16(1st even int).

2nd even int. = x + 2 => 16 + 2 => 18

3rd even int. = x + 4 => 16 + 4 => 20
4th even int. = x + 6 => 16 + 22 => 22

Checking:

(16 + 18 + 20 + 22)/4 = 19
(76)/4 = 19
19 = 19

Answer: 22(largest number)

PCSR Problem 15
The average of seven positive consecutive integers is 31. What is the smallest integer?

Let x – 1st integer

x + 1 = 2nd integer
x + 2 = 3rd integer
x + 3 = 4th integer
x + 4 = 5th integer
x + 5 = 6th integer
x + 6 = 7th integer

Their average is 31.

(x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) + (x +3) + (x + 4) + (x + 5) + (x + 6))/7 = 31
(7x + 21)/7 = 31
7x + 21 = 31(7)
7x + 21 = 217
7x = 217 – 21
7x = 196
x = 196/7
x = 28(1st integer)

2nd int. = x + 1 => 28 + 1 => 29

3rd int. = x + 2 => 28 + 2 => 30
4th int. = x + 3 => 28 + +3 => 31
5th int. = x + 4 => 28 + 4 => 32
6th int. = x + 5 => 28 + 5 => 33
7th int. = x + 6 => 29 + 6 => 34

Checking:
(28 + 29 + 30 + 31 + 32 + 33 + 34)/7 = 31
217/7 = 31
31 = 31

Since we are looking for the smallest integer, the answer is 28.

Week 10 Review: Answers and Solutions

After learning how to solve motion problems, let’s answer some exercises and problems. In the
solutions, we let d = distance, r = rate, and t = time.

Exercises

1.) A car travels and average speed of 75 kph. If it traveled for 3.5 hours, what is the total
distance traveled?

d = rt
d = (75 kph)(3.5 hrs) =
d = 262.5 km

2.) A bus traveled 4 hours from City A to City B which is 450 kilometers apart. What is its
average speed?

d = rt
450 km = (4 hrs)(r)
r = (450 kph)/(4 hrs)
r = 112.5 km

Problem

1.) Two cars left City A at 8:00 am going to City B using the same route. Car 1 traveled at the
average speed of 60 kph while Car 2 traveled at an average speed of 50kph. At what time were
the two cars 25 kilometers apart?

Let x = time traveled by the two cars

60x – 50x = 25
10x = 25
x = 25/10
x = 2.5 hours

2.5 hours = 2hours and 30 mins

2 hours and 30 minutes after 8:00 am is 10:30 am.

Answer: 10:30 AM

2.) The road distance from Sapiro City to Lireo City is 195 km. Car 1 left Sapiro City going to
Lireo City at an average speed of 70kph. Car 2 left City Lireo City going to Sapiro City at an
average speed of 60 kph. If both cars left the two cities at the same time and use the same road,
after how many hours will the two cars meet?

Car 1
Rate = 70kph
Time = x
Distance = 70x

Car 2
Rate = 60kph
Time = x
Distance = 60x

Total distance = 195kph

70x + 60x = 195

130x = 195
x = 195/130

x = 1.5hrs

3.) A red car left Vigan at 9:00 AM and traveled to Manila at an average speed of 45 kph. After
one hour, a white car left the same place for Manila using the same route at an average speed of
60 kph. At what time will the white car overtake the red car?

RED CAR
Rate = 45kph
Time = x+1
Distance = 45(x+1)

WHITE CAR
Rage = 60kph
Time = x
Distance = 60x

60x = 45(x+1)
60x = 45x+45
60x – 45x = 45
15x = 45
x = 45/15
x = 3hours

3 hours after 10:00am is 1:00 p.m.

Note: We add 3 hours to 10:00 am because the second car left at 10:00 am.

Answer: 1:00pm noon

4.) Two cars started from the same point, at 12nn, traveling to opposite directions at 50 and 60
kph, respectively. What is the distance between them at exactly 3:30 PM?

CAR 1
Rate = 50kph
Time = 3.5 hrs
Distance = (50 kph)(3.5 hrs) = 175

CAR 2
Rate = 60kph
Time = 3.5 hrs
Distance = (60 kph)( 3.5 hrs) = 210

What is the distance between them at exactly 3:30 PM?

175 km + 210 km = 385 km

5.) Two cars from the same point traveling to opposite directions at 75 and 85 kph, respectively.
After how many hours will they be 240 kilometers apart?

75x + 85x = 240

160x = 240
240/160 = x
x = 1.5 hours
6.) A blue car leaves City A for City B at exactly 8:00 AM traveling at average speed of 55 kph.
A gray car leaves City B for City A at the same time traveling at an average speed of 45 kph. The
distance between the two cities is 75 kilometers.

If the two cars use the same route, what time will they pass each other?

let x be the time

d=rxt

sum of the distance traveled by 2 cars is equal to 75km

so

55x + 45x = 75
100x = 75
x = 75/100 or 0.75 hours
0.75 hours (45 mins)

They will pass each other 45 mins after 8:00am so the answer is 8:45 am.

Answer: 8:45 am

Week 5 Review Answers and Solutions

This is the full solutions for the problems and exercises about operations on integers, order of
operations, and PEMDAS rules.

Practice Exercises 1

a.) 12 + (-4) = 8
b.) (-9) + 3 = – 6
c.) (-7) + (- 5) = -12
d.) 8 + 3 + (-11) = (8+3) + (-11) = (11) + (-11) = 0
e.) 6 + (-10) + (-2) = 6 + (-10 + -2) = 6 + (-12) = -6

Practice Exercises 2

a.) 3 – 5 = (3) + (-5) = -2

b.) -9 – 4 = (-9) + (-4) = -13
c.) (-7) – (- 8) = (-7) + (8) = 1
d.) – 2 – 6 = (-2) + (-6) = -8
e.) 1 – (-10) = (1) + (10) = 11

Practice Exercises 3

a.) 4 × (- 5) = -20
b.) (-2) × (- 4) = 8
c.) 6 × (- 3) = -18
d.) 8 × 2 × (-1) = -16
e.) (-3) × (2) × (-7) = 42

Practice Exercises 4
a.)-20 ÷ 4 = -5
b.) 18 ÷ (- 6) = -3
c.) (-16) ÷ (- 2) = 8
d.) 0 ÷ 8 = 0
e.) 9 ÷ 3 = 3

1.) 2 + 3 × 5

2+3×5
= 2 + 15
= 17
2.) (2 + 3) × 5

(2 + 3) × 5 = (5) × 5
= 25

3.) 3 × (-3) + 4 × (-2)

= 3× (-3) + 4× (-2)
= (-9) + (-8)
= -17

4.) 3(5^2 – 8)

3(5 × 5 – 8)
= 3(25 – 8)
= 3(17)
= 51

5.) 2(5 – 8)^2

= 2(-3)^2
= 2(-3 × -3)
= 2(9)
= 18

6.) 16 + (-4) + 12 + (-8 x 3)

= 16 + (-4) + 12 + (-24)
= (16 + 12) + (-4 + -24)
= (28) + (-28)
=0

7.) (3^2 + 2^2)^2 = ?

= (3 × 3 +2× 2)^2
= (9 + 4)^2
= (13)^2
= 13 × 13
= 169

8.) 6 + 3 × 2 – 5 = ?

= 6 + (3 × 2) – 5
=6+6–5
= 12 – 5
=7

9.) 8 – 12(3 – 4) + (-5 × 2)

= 8 – 12(3 – 4) + (-5 × 2)
= 8 – 12(-1) + (-10)
= 8 – (-12) + (-10)
= 20 + (-10)
= 10

10.) 7 + 3 × (-5) – 9 / 3 = ?

= 7 + 3 × (-5) – 9/3
= 7 + (-15) – 3
= 7 + (-18)
= -11

Week 4 Review Answers and Solutions

Practice Exercises 1

Note: In multiplying fractions, we multiply the numerator by the numerator of the other
fraction, and then multiply the denominator by the denominator of the other fraction. For whole
numbers, we can put 1 as the denominator. All fractions must be in lowest terms.

A. 1/2 × 1/3 = 1/6

B. 2/3 × 4/5 = 8/15
C. 8/1 × 5/6 = 40/6 = 6 4/6 or 6 2/3
D. 2 5/8 × 3 = 21/8 × 3/1 = 63/8 = 7 7/8
E. 3 1/8 × 4/5 = 25/8 × 4/5 = 100/40 = 2 20/40 or 2 1/2
F. 1 2/3 × 2 3/4 = 5/3 × 11/4 = 55/12 = 4 7/12

Practice Exercises 2

A. When dividing fractions you get the reciprocal of the divisor, and then multiply. In 1/5÷ 3/10,
the divisor 3/10 and the reciprocal of 3/10 is 10/3. So, 1/5 × 10/3 = 10/15 or 2/3

B. 1/2 ÷ 3/8 = 1/2 × 8/3 = 8/6 = 1 2/6 or 1 1/3

C. 9 ÷ 3/7 = 9 × 7/3 = 63/3 or 21

D. 2 5/8 ÷ 2

First, we convert 2 5/8 to improper fraction as follows. That is . Don’t forget

that the denominator of the mixed fraction is the same as the denominator of the improper
fractions.

Here, the reciprocal of 2 is 1/2. So, 21/8 × 1/2 = 21/16 = 1 5/16

E. 3 1/8 ÷ 3/5 = 25/8 × 5/3 = 125/24 = 5 5/24

F. 2 3/4 ÷ 1 1/8 = 11/4 ÷ 9/8 = 11/4 × 8/9 = 88/36 = 2 16/36 or 2 4/9

Practice Problems

Note: In multiplication and division of fractions, all mixed fractions must be converted to
improper fractions (see Practice Problem 2D above).

1.) 2/3 × 1/4 = 2/12 or 1/6

2.) 3/5 × 35/1=105/5 = 21 (women)

2/5 × 35/1 = 70/5 = 14 (men)

3.) 2 3/4 × 7 = (11/4) × 7 = 77/4 = 19 1/4

4.) A = L × W
A = (35 1/4) × (20 1/2) = (141/4) × (41/2)
= 5781/8= 722 5/8

5.) 2 4/5 × 5/1= 14/5 × 5/1 = 14

6.) 1 1/2 L juice is to be shared equally by 6 friends, so 1 1/2 ÷ 6.

The mixed fraction 1 1/2 is 3/2 in improper form.

Dividing by 6 is the same as multiplying by 1/6, so 3/2 × 1/6 = 3/12

3/12 is not yet in its lowest term. So get its lowest term, divide the numerator and denominator
by their GCF which is 3. So, 3/12 will become 1/4.

The final answer is 1/4 L.

7.) 8 ÷ 2/5 = 8 × 5/2 = 8/1 × 5/2 = 40/2 = 20.

Answer: 20 cakes

8.) Bookshelf length divided by book’s thickness = number of books that will fit in the bookshelf

5 1/4 feet ÷ 1 1/2 inches = ?

Notice that the units are in feet and inches. We cannot proceed until the units are the same, so we
need to convert feet into inches. (1 ft = 12 in) So 5 ft × 12 in per ft = 60 in. We still have 1/4 ft,
so 1/4 of 12 which is 3 in. All in all, we have 63 in. Now our equation is

63 ÷ 3/2 = 63/1 × 2/3

= 126/3 = 42.

Answer: 42 books

9.) 5 pumpkin pies are to be shared equally among 12 persons, equals 5/12.

10.) We have 8 3/4 hectares ÷ 4 children

35/4 ÷ 4 =35/4 × 1/4 = 35/16

Converting 35/16 to mixed fraction, we have 2 3/16.

Week 3 Review Answers and Solutions

Solutions to Practice Exercise 1

a.) 2 1/5 + 3 2/5

We can add the whole numbers first, 2 + 1 = 3. Then, add the fractions: 1/5 + 2/5 = 3/5.
We then combine the whole number and the fraction, so the answer is 3 3/5.

b.) 8 1/4 + 2 3/4

We can add the whole numbers first, 8 + 2 = 10. Then, add the fractions: 1/4 + 3/4 = 4/4 = 1
We then add 10 + 1 = 11.

c.) 5 + 2 1/4

We can just add the whole numbers: 5 + 2 = 7. Then, we append the fraction. So the correct
answer is 7 ¼.

d.) 5 1/2 + 1/5

We just add the fractions and combine the sum with the whole number 5 later. To add dissimilar
fractions, we get the LCM of the denominators. The LCM of 2 and 5 is 10.

The equivalent fraction of ½ = 5/10.

The equivalent fraction of 1/5 = 2/10.
5/10 + 2/10 = 7/10

We now append 5. So, the correct answer is 5 7/10.

e.) 3 1/3 + 4 1/4 + 5 1/5

Just like in (d), we can separately add the whole numbers and then add the fractions.

Whole numbers: 3 + 4 + 5 = 12
To add dissimilar fractions, we get the LCM of the denominators. The LCM of 3, 4, and 5 is 60.

The equivalent fraction of 1/3 = 20/60.

The equivalent fraction of 1/4 = 15/60.
The equivalent fraction of 1/5 = 12/60.

20/60 + 15/60 +12/60 = 47/60

Appending the whole number, the final answer is 12 47/60.

Solutions to Practice Exercises 2

a.) 4 6/7 – 3/7

Solution

We just subtract the fractions and append the whole number. 6/7 – 3/7 = 3/7. So, the final answer
is 4 3/7.

b.) 8 – 3/4

Solution

One strategy here is to borrow 1 from 8 and make the fraction 4/4. This means that 8 becomes 7
4/4.
So, 7 4/4 – ¾ = 7 ¼.

c.) 12 – 5 2/9

Solution

Our minuend is a whole number, so we can make a fraction out of it. To do this, we can borrow 1
from 12 and make the fraction 9/9. This means that 12 becomes 11 9/9.
So, 11 9/9 – 5 2/9 = 6 7/9.

d.) 7 3/10 – 7/10

We cannot subtract 3/10 – 7/10, so we borrow 1 from 7 and make the fraction 6 10/10. But since
we already have 3/10, we add it to 6 10/10 making it 6 13/10.
So, 6 13/10 – 7/10 = 6 6/10 = 6 3/5.

e.) 6 1/5 – 3/4

Another strategy in subtracting fractions is to convert mixed fractions to improper fractions. The
improper fraction equivalent of 6 1/5 is 31/5. Then, we find the LCM of 5 and 4 which is 20.

Now, the equivalent fraction of 31/5 is 124/20.

The equivalent fraction of 3/4 = 15/20.
124/20 – 15/20 = 109/20

Converting 109/20 to mixed fraction, we have 5 9/20.

f.) 9 3/8 – 4 5/7

9 3/8 – 4 5/7 = 8 3/8+8/8 – 4 5/7 = 8 11/8 – 4 5/7

The LCM of 8 and 7 is 56, so

4 77-40/56 = 4 37/56.

Solutions to Practice Problems

1.) 1 3/5 + 4/5 = 1 7/5 = 2 2/5

2.) Converting the improper fractions, we have

2 5/8= 21/8
1 5/6 = 11/6.

This means that we need to perform.

21/8-11/6.

Since they are dissimilar fractions, we get their LCM which is 48.
(126-88)/48= 38/48 reduce lowest term by dividing the numerator and denominator by 2, we get
19/24

3.) 2 5/6 – 17/8 = 17/6 – 17/8

LCD: 24
68/24 – 51/24 = 17/24

4.) 3/8 + 1/4

LCD: 8
3/8 + 2/8 = 5/8

Whole pizza – 5/8

8/8 – 5/8
= 3/8

5.) d = 3 4/15 + 5/8

d= 49/15 + 5/8
d= (49(8)+5(15))/120
d= (392+75)/120
d= 467/120
d=3 107/120

Week 2 Review Answers and Solutions

Below are the solutions and answers to the Practice Exercises and Problems for the Week 2
Review on Addition and Subtraction of Fractions.

Practice Exercises 1 Answers

1.) 3/5
2.) 2/5
3.) 4/7
4.) 2
5) 3/5

Practice Exercises 2
Convert the following improper fractions to mixed form.
1.) 3 3/5
2.) 1 5/7
3.) 4 1/2
4.) 12 3/4
5) 10 1/12

Practice Problems Solutions and Answers

1. The LCM of the denominators 2 and 8 is 8. We convert ½ to a fraction whose denominator is

8 in order for the two fractions to be similar. To do this, we divided 8 by 2 and the multiply by 1.
The result will be the numerator of the fraction. That is

.
So, .

Converting the answer to mixed form, we have

Answer: 1 5/8

2. The LCM of 5 and 4 is 20. After getting the LCM, we convert 3/5 and 1/4 to their equivalent
fractions whose denominator is 20.

The equivalent fraction for 3/5 is 12/20.

The equivalent fraction of 1/4 is 5/20.

12/20 + 5/20 = 17/20

Answer: 17/20

3. The LCM of 2, 3 and 4 is 12. After getting the LCM, we convert 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4 to their
respective equivalent fractions whose denominator is 12.

The equivalent fraction for 1/2 is 6/12.

The equivalent fraction of 1/3 is 4/12.
The equivalent fraction of 1/4 is 3/12.

6/12 + 4/12 + 3/12 = 13/12

Converting 13/12 to mixed fractions, we get 1 1/12.

Answer: 1 1/12

4. The LCM of 12, 2 and 3 is 12. After getting the LCM, we convert 5/12, 1/2, and 2/3 to their
respective equivalent fractions whose denominator is 12.

The equivalent fraction for 5/12 is still 5/12.

The equivalent fraction of 1/2 is 6/12.
The equivalent fraction of 2/3 is 8/12.

5/12 + 6/12 + 8/12 = 19/12

Converting 19/12 to mixed fractions, we get 1 7/12.

Answer: 1 7/12

5. The LCM of 4 and 6 is 12. Therefore, we convert 3/4 and 1/6 to their respective equivalent
fractions whose denominator is 12.

The equivalent fraction for 3/4 is still 9/12.

The equivalent fraction of 1/6 is 2/12.

9/12 – 2/12 = 7/12

Answer: 7/12

6. The LCM of 15 and 30 is 30. Therefore, we convert 13/15 and 7/30 to their respective
equivalent fractions whose denominator is 30.

The equivalent fraction for 13/15 is still 26/30.

The equivalent fraction of 15/30 is 15/30.

26/30 – 7/30 = 19/30

Answer: 19/30

7. In this problem, we can just add the fractions first. We add ¾ and ½ which is equal to 1 ¼ kg.
We now add the 4 and 1 which is 5 ¼ kg.

8. We need to add 1/8 and 1/2.

The LCM of 8 and 2 is 8. Therefore, we convert 1/2 to a fraction whose denominator is 8.

The equivalent fraction of 1/2 is 4/8.

1/8 + 4/8 = 5/8

Answer: 5/8

9. We need to add 1 1/2 and 3/4. We just add the fractions and then add the whole numbers later.
We first add ½ and ¾.

The LCM of 2 and 4 is 4. Therefore, we convert 1/2 to a fraction whose denominator is 4.

The equivalent fraction of 1/2 is 3/4.

2/4 + 3/4 = 5/4

Converting 5/4 to mixed fractions, we have 1 ¼.

We add 1 ¼ to 1 from the original given. The answer 2 ¼.

Answer: 2 1/4

10. We need to add ¼, 1/5, and 3/10.

The LCM of 4, 5 and 10 is 20. Therefore, we convert 1/4, 1/5, and 3/10 to their respective
equivalent fractions whose denominator is 20.

The equivalent fraction for 1/4 is still 5/20.

The equivalent fraction of 1/5 is 4/20.
The equivalent fraction of 3/10 is 6/20.

5/20 + 4/20 + 6/20 = 15/20

Changing 15/20 to lowest terms, we have ¾.

Week 1 Review Answers and Solutions

Below are the solutions and answers to the Practice Exercises and Problems for the Week 1
Review on LCM and GCD.

Practice Exercises
I. Find the GCD of each of the following.
a.) 6, 10
Answer: 2

b.) 18, 42
Answer: 6

c.) 12, 48, 60

Answer: 12

d.) 56, 72
Answer: 8
e.) 225, 75
Answer: 75

II. Find the LCM of each of the following.

a.) 3, 4
Answer: 12

b.) 2, 5
Answer: 10

c.) 3, 6, 8
Answer: 24
d.) 3, 4, 5
Answer: 60

e.) 6, 12, 15
Answer: 60

III. Practice Problems Solutions and Answers

1.) 24 (GCD of 3, 4, and 8)

2.) 15 (GCD of 3 and 15)

3.) Solution: GCD of 3, 7, and 21 is 42. They will be seen in the gym on the same day in 42 days.
Since June has 30 days, we need an additional 12 days to complete the 42 days. Therefore, they
will be seen on the same day on July 12 (of the same year of course).

Answer: July 12

4.) Solution: The LCM of the two sequences is 12 and since we are looking for the tenth
common number, we multiply 12 by 10. This gives us 120.
Answer: 120

5.) (a) Solution: LCM of 24 and 30 is 6. That is 6 groups.

(b) Solution: From (a) we can form 6 groups. There are 30 + 24 = 54 students. So in each group,
there are 54/6 = 9 members. Since there are 6 groups, we divide each Grade level by 6. That is,
24/6 = 6 Grade 11 and 30/6 = 5 Grade 12 students in each group.
Answer: 4 Grade 11 students and 5 Grade 12 students.

6.) Reduce 42/56 to lowest terms.

Solution: GCD of 42 and 56 is 14. 42 divided by 14 is 3 and 56 divided by 14 is 4. Therefore, the
lowest terms is 3/4.
Answer: 3/4

7.) Answer: 24 (LCM of 6 and 8)

8.) Answer: 6 (GCD of 18 and 12)

9.) Solution: The GCD of 21, 35, and 84 is 7. So, the cube has a side length of 7 cm.
Answer: 7 by 7 by 7

10.) Answer: 30 (GCD of 3, 5, and 6).

Solving Ratio and Proportion Problems Part
2
by Civil Service Reviewer · June 1, 2016

In the previous post, we have learned the meaning and notation of ratio. We can write the ratio
of 8 girls and 12 boys as 8:12 or as 8/12. However, if we represent this as fraction, we can also
reduce the fraction to its lowest terms which is equal to 2/3. Converting to lowest term is
dividing the numerator and denominator by the largest possible integer known as the greatest
common factor or greatest common divisor. In the example above, the greatest common divisor
of 8 and 12 is 4, and 8 divided by 4 is 2, and 12 divided by 4 is 3, so, 8:12 can also be
represented as 2:3.

The Meaning of Direct Proportion

Consider the following problem.

A car is traveling at an average speed of 60 kilometers per hour. What is the total distance it
traveled after 5 hours?

Solution

We can solve the problem above by simply multiplying 5 hours by 60 kilometers per hour giving
us 300 kilometers. We can also answer the problem by simply constructing the table below.

Notice from the table that if the number of hours is multiplied by 2, then the distance is also
multiplied by 2. For example, from 1 hour to 2 hours, the number of hours is multiplied by 2, and
the distance is also multiplied by 2, that is 60 × 2 = 120 hours. From 2 hours to 4 hours, the
number of hours is also multiplied by 2 and the distance is also multiplied by 2, that is 120 × 2 =
240 hours. If the number of hours is multiplied by 3, the distance is also multiplied by 3. From 1
hour to 3 hours, the number of hours is multiplied by 3 and the distance is also multiplied by 3,
that is 60 × 3 = 180 hours.

Suppose we have two quantities and if we multiply one quantity by a number, then the other
quantity is also multiplied the same number, then we say that the two quantities are directly
proportional. In the example above, time and distance are the two quantities that are directly
proportional.

Representing Direct Proportions

We can represent the problem above in ratio. The first ratio is 60 kilometers and 1 hour. The
second ratio is 5 hours and an unknown number of kilometers. If we let the unknown number of
hours be n, then the ratios are

1 hr :60 km and 5 hrs :n km

Notice that the number of hours is multiplied by 5 (1 hr to 5 hrs), so the distance should also be
multiplied by 5. That is, 60 × 5 = 300.

Now that we found the answer to the problem above, let us represent them in ratios as shown.

1:60 and 5:300

Observe from the representation that the product of the outer terms (1 and 300) is equal to the
product of the inner terms (60 and 5). The product are both 300. This property is always true in
directly proportional quantities: the product of the outside terms (extremes) is equal to the
product of the inside terms (means). In the original representation, we had

1:60 = 5:n

Using the relationship between the means and extremes, we can solve for n algebraically. That is,

1 × n = 60 × 5. So, n = 300.

This can also be represented in fraction as 1/60 = 5/n. Cross multiplying, we have n = (60)(5) =
300.

Summary

In a directly proportional relationship, if the ratios are a:b and c:d, then

a: b = c: d

and a × d = b × c.

Practice Problem

Three cubes of sugar is needed to make 1 cups of coffee. How many cubes of sugar is needed to
make 20 cups of coffee?

Solution

Let x = number of cubes of sugar needed to make 20 cups of coffee.

3:1 = x:20

The product of the extremes is equal to the product of the means, so solving algebraically, we
have

1(x) = (3)(20)
x = 60.

Therefore, we need 60 cubes of sugar for 20 cups of coffee.