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This document provides an update on high school mathematics programs in Nova Scotia for the 2006-2007 school year. It introduces two new grade 10 mathematics courses - Mathematics Foundations 10 and Mathematics Essentials 10. For grades 11 and 12, it outlines the academic and advanced mathematics course options. It also describes the focus and expectations for the different course levels. Mathematics Essentials 11 will be made available to all schools starting in February 2007 to provide successful students in Mathematics Essentials 10 with two required mathematics credits for graduation.
This document provides an update on high school mathematics programs in Nova Scotia for the 2006-2007 school year. It introduces two new grade 10 mathematics courses - Mathematics Foundations 10 and Mathematics Essentials 10. For grades 11 and 12, it outlines the academic and advanced mathematics course options. It also describes the focus and expectations for the different course levels. Mathematics Essentials 11 will be made available to all schools starting in February 2007 to provide successful students in Mathematics Essentials 10 with two required mathematics credits for graduation.
This document provides an update on high school mathematics programs in Nova Scotia for the 2006-2007 school year. It introduces two new grade 10 mathematics courses - Mathematics Foundations 10 and Mathematics Essentials 10. For grades 11 and 12, it outlines the academic and advanced mathematics course options. It also describes the focus and expectations for the different course levels. Mathematics Essentials 11 will be made available to all schools starting in February 2007 to provide successful students in Mathematics Essentials 10 with two required mathematics credits for graduation.
2 Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005
Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005 3 Public School Programs 2005– 2006 Update
Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005 1
High School Two mathematics courses have been implemented at the grade 10 level: Mathematics Mathematics Foundations 10, a graduation credit, and Mathematics In planning their classroom activities, 10, an academic credit. Mathematics teachers should introduce ideas early Essentials 10, a graduation credit, will and extend students’ learning through be available to all schools starting in periodic reviews that consider these February 2006. ideas in greater depth.
· refine and extend methods of
mathematical problem solving · include problem-solving approaches to investigate and understand mathematical content · develop concepts through the interplay among the five representations: concrete, pictorial, verbal, symbolic, and contextual · use mental math and estimation strategies on a daily basis · apply the process of mathematical modelling to real- world situations · continue to develop language and symbolism to communicate mathematical ideas · include numerous and varied experiences that reinforce and extend logical reasoning · test conjectures and express generalizations discovered through investigations · investigate the connections and interplay among various mathematical topics and their applications
Students and teachers should use
appropriate technology as a tool in computation and problem solving and as a means of developing concepts or enhancing the teaching/learning process.
Grade 10
2 Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005
velopmental time; focus on curriculum outcomes at the academic oblem-solving strategies; acquire or level, but additional outcomes as well. nsolidate the skills required for Students choosing advanced courses ccess in academic mathematics; must have demonstrated d/or extend their knowledge to a mathematical ability, a work ethic, an eper understanding. interest in going further and deeper into mathematical concepts, and the r example, while connecting factors, ability to work independently. ots, and zeros of quadratic Students working in advanced courses pressions and functions, students will typically have been very ve more time to review their successful in prior mathematics lynomial operations learned in courses and will remain successful evious grades. because of their level of understanding of previous rades 11 and 12 experiences, their willingness and ability to work in the abstract, and ade 11 mathematics courses are as their work ethic. Extensions in their lows: study should include: athematics Foundations 11, a · more challenging open- aduation credit; Mathematics 11, an ended problem solving where ademic credit; and Advanced solutions can be taken beyond the athematics 11, an advanced credit. expected to a higher level of February 2007 Mathematics awareness and abstraction sentials 11, a graduation-level · more problems that combine edit, will also be available to all more concepts, bring together more hools. skills and procedures into one context ade 12 mathematics courses are as lows: · greater facility with and more need for algebraic athematics Foundations 12, a manipulation aduation credit; Mathematics 12, an ademic credit; and Advanced · more opportunity to make athematics 12, an advanced credit. conjectures, followed by proof · more experience dealing o additional courses are available at with logic, and deductive reasoning e grade 12 level for students who · more opportunity for reading an to continue their studies in and independent research, for the athematics beyond high school: Pre- purpose of obtaining more depth alculus Mathematics 12, an and breadth, instilling a more vanced credit, and Calculus 12, an positive attitude towards and vanced credit. valuing of mathematics students enter grade 11, some will ntinue their studies working on For students who require urses at the graduation level, individualized outcomes and who have athematics Foundations 11 and had Individualized Program Plans athematics Foundations 12. Students (IPPs) developed specifically to meet ming from Mathematics 10 will their strengths and needs, there are ake a choice between academic and specific course codes which apply as vanced courses. Students enrolled follows: advanced will be expected to · Mathematics 11 IPP hieve not only the specific (008109)
Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005 3
· Mathematics 11 IPP This course will be presented over 110 (008193) hours. The typical pathway for · Advanced Mathematics 11 students who successfully complete IPP (008193) Mathematics Essentials 10 is Mathematics Essentials 11 (which will · Advanced Mathematics 12 be available as a PSP course option in IPP (008108) February 2007). These two courses will · Pre-Calculus Mathematics 12 provide successful students with two IPP (008194) mathematics credits as required for graduation. The use of the course codes for Mathematics 11 IPP or for Students in Mathematics Essentials 11 Mathematics 12 IPP indicated that a will explore the following subject student has an Individualized Program areas: Plan in which outcomes have been deleted or the general curriculum Mental Math outcomes are being taught at a significantly different specific · multiplication and division facts curriculum outcome level. See Special Education Policy Manual and · adding and subtracting Supporting Student Success: Resource common fractions associated with Programming and Services for measurement information on the individualized · percent program planning process. Data Graphs The use of course codes for Advanced · interpreting graphs Mathematics 11 IPP, Advanced · constructing graphs Mathematics 12 IPP, or Pre-Calculus · constructing and interpreting Mathematics 12 IPP indicates that a graphs student has an Individualized Program Plan in which the individualized Collecting and Organizing Data outcomes developed extend the · sampling techniques course as a result of the student’s · statistics in the media exceptionally strong abilities in · organizing and interpreting Mathematics. data It is anticipated that in grades 11 and Renting an Apartment 12, 30–40% of students will enroll in · availability of apartments graduation-level courses, 40–55% of · renting an apartment students will enroll in academic-level · rights and responsibilities of courses, and 15–20% of students will landlords and tenants enroll in advanced-level courses. · monthly apartment costs Mathematics Essentials 11 Buying a Home (graduation, 1 credit) · looking for a home Course Code: 008191 · buying a home · the costs of maintaining a Prerequisite: home Successful completion of Mathematics e Essentials 10 Household Budgets · affordable housing
4 Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005
· components of a household Students in Mathematics Foundations budget 11 will explore the following subject · monthly budget areas: · changing one item in a budget Making Choices—Linear Programming Investing Money · solving systems of linear · types of investments equations using graphs and · Registered Retirement algebraic methods Savings Plans · finding constraints with equations and graphs Measurement and 2-D Design · using linear programming to · The Pythagorean Theorem find the optimal solution to a · calculating perimeter and problem area · estimating Independent Study Measurement and 3-D Design · research, present, and learn · rectangular prisms mathematics independently · cylinders · 3-D drawing Making Decisions in Consumer · scale models Situations · income, deductions, and Borrowing Money taxes · credit cards · budgets and financial · delaying payments on credit planning cards · costs of credit and · short-term borrowing transportation · repaying loans · simple and compound interest Taking a Trip · developing and applying · planning a car trip decision-making charts · other modes of travel · reading schedules Statistics · travelling around · sampling, bias, variability · exploring distributions Mathematics in the Content Areas · displaying and interpreting · Science data · Social Studies · using normal curve, mean, and standard deviation Mathematics Foundations 11 (graduation, 1 credit) Trigonometry Course Code: 008011 · applying laws of sines and cosines Prerequisite: · exploring areas of triangles Successful completion of Mathematics Foundations 10 or Mathematics 10 Mathematics 11 (academic, 1 credit) Course Code: 008067
Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005 5
· area formulas, law of sines Prerequisite: and cosines Successful completion of Mathematics 10 Statistics · descriptive statistics · inferential statistics Note: In exceptional cases, those who have demonstrated very good to · sampling distributions outstanding performance in relation to the curriculum outcomes prescribed Advanced Mathematics 11 for Mathematics Foundations 10, have (advanced, 1 credit) demonstrated initiative and Course Code: 008145 willingness to complete required independent study to address some Prerequisite: Mathematics 10 outcomes, and are Successful completion of Mathematics recommended by the school principal 10 and outstanding performance in and/or teacher, may enroll in relation to the curriculum outcomes Mathematics 11. prescribed for Mathematics 10
Students in Mathematics 11 will Students in Advanced Mathematics 11
explore the following subject areas: will explore the following subject areas: The Algebra of 3-Space The Algebra of 3-Space · visualize planes in three dimensions · visualize planes and three dimensions · solving systems of equations · finding equations of planes · relating the algebra and in 3-space geometry · solving systems of equations · exploring properties of matrices · relating systems of equations · using matrices to solve systems · relating the algebra and geometry · system applications · exploring and deriving Independent Study properties of matrices · research, present, and learn · using matrices to solve mathematics independently systems · system applications Trigonometry · periodic, sinusoidal functions Independent Study · graphs of trigonometric · research, present, and learn functions and transformations mathematics independently · exploring the unit circle and Trigonometry special rotations and relationships · periodic, sinusoidal functions · solving trigonometric equations · graphs of trigonometric functions and transformations · discovering and using identities · exploring the unit circle and special rotations and relationships
6 Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005
· solving trigonometric · applying exponential equations relationships (compound interest) · discovering and using · some properties of identities exponents · exploring radian measure relationships Circle Geometry · sinusoidal regression · synthetic approach · deriving and applying area · properties and relationship formulas, law of sines and cosines theorems · distance and midpoint Statistics · informal proof · descriptive statistics · inductive and deductive · inferential statistics reasoning · sampling distributions · binomial experiments Probability · fundamental principle of Mathematics Foundations 12 counting (graduation, 1 credit) · tree and area diagrams Course Code: 008013 · simulations · distinguish between Prerequisite: · permutations and combinations Successful completion of Mathematics Foundations 10 or Mathematics 10 · understand factorial notation Recommended Prerequisite: · combine permutations and Successful completion of Mathematics probability Foundations 11 or Mathematics 11 Mathematics 12 Students in Mathematics Foundations (academic, 1 credit) 12 will explore the following subject Course Code: 008073 areas: Prerequisite: Sequences (Patterning) Successful completion of Mathematics · explore and develop 10 understanding for three kinds of Recommended Prerequisite: sequences—arithmetic, power and Successful completion of Mathematics geometric 11
Quadratics Students in Mathematics 12 will
explore the following subject areas: · explore the pattern and properties Quadratics · explore the graphs · quadratics as a power · solving the quadratic in sequence applications · modeling and exploring patterns Exponential Growth · determining the equation · explore the pattern and properties · exploring the graphs · explore the graphs · developing the quadratic formula
Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005 7
· solving for, and exploring, · combine permutations, the roots combinations and probability · Pascal’s Triangle and Rate of Change (optional) combinations (optional) · developing the concept · average rate of change Advanced Mathematics 12 · connect to quadratic (advanced, 1 credit) Course Code: 008015 · slope of the tangent line · instantaneous rate of change Prerequisite: · estimate and calculate slopes at Successful completion of Mathematics different points on the curve 10 and demonstrated outstanding performance in relation to the Exponential Growth curriculum outcomes prescribed by · modeling and patterns Mathematics 10 · recursiveness Recommended Prerequisite: · properties and Successful completion of Advanced characteristics Mathematics 11 · explore graphs Students in Advanced Mathematics 12 · instantaneous rate of change will explore the following subject · transformations (advanced) areas: · solve · exponentials/log Quadratics relationships · quadratics as a power · properties of logs sequence · modeling and exploring Circle Geometry patterns · apply properties of circles · determining the equation · distance and midpoint · exploring the graphs · proof · developing the quadratic · properties and relationship formula theorems · solving for the roots · algebra of the circle and · exploring the nature of the ellipse (optional) roots · apply transformations (optional) Rate of Change (optional) · developing the concept Probability · average rate of change · fundamental principle of · connect to quadratic counting · slope of the tangent line · tree and area diagrams · instantaneous rate of change · conditional probabilities · estimate and calculate · simulations slopes at different points on the · distinguish between curve permutations and combinations · understand factorial Exponential Growth notation · modeling and patterns
8 Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005
· recursiveness outstanding performance in relation to · properties and the curriculum outcomes prescribed characteristics for Mathematics 11 and Mathematics 12 · explore graphs · instantaneous rate of change Students in Pre-Calculus Mathematics · transformations (advanced) 12 will explore the following subject · solve areas: · exponential/log relationships · properties of logs Sequences and Series · recursive relations Circle of Geometry · series and sequence · inductive to deductive notation · distance and midpoint · developing and applying · proof algorithms and formulas for series · properties and relationship and sequences theorems · concept of a limit · algebra of the circle and ellipse · convergence and divergence · apply transformations applications of limits to series, area under the curve, and rate of change Probability · proof by mathematical · fundamental principle of induction counting Developing and Applying the · tree and area diagrams Function Toolkit · conditional probabilities · combinations and · simulations compositions of functions · distinguish between · polynomial equations and permutations and combinations inequalities – patterns and graphs · understand factorial notation · slopes and rate of change · combine permutations, · rate of change in terms of combinations and probability limits · Pascal’s Triangle and · the derivative combinations · graphs of slope functions · roots of polynomial equations · binomial expansion and · solving polynomial inequations distributions · max/min, critical values for sketching Pre-Calculus Mathematics 12 · developing the power rule (advanced, 1 credit) · modeling the polynomial Course Code: 008156 functions · modeling and examining Prerequisite: rational functions Successful completion of Advanced · solving rational equations and Mathematics 11 and Advanced operating on rational expressions Mathematics 12 · exploring irrational and OR absolute value functions Successful completion of Mathematics · continuity, limits, and 11 and Mathematics 12 and piecewise functions demonstrated very good to
Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005 9
· modeling with · rules for differentiation exponential/logarithmic functions · velocity and other rates of · developing “e” and “In” change · derivative of trigonometric Trigonometry functions · using radians with sine and cosine · chain rule · tangent function · implicit differentiation · reciprocal trigonometric · derivatives of exponential functions and logarithmic functions · developing and applying the general rotational matrix Applications of Derivatives · trigonometric identities and · extreme values of functions equations · mean value theorem · inverse trigonometric · connecting f’ and f” with the relations graph of f · modeling and optimization · linearization and Newton’s Complex Numbers method · complex numbers – · related rates rectangular form · operations and graphs with The Definite Integral complex numbers · estimating with finite sums · polar co-ordinated · definite integrals · rectangular to polar form · definite integrals and · develop and apply antiderivatives DeMoivre’s Theorem with respect to · fundamental theorem of powers calculus alculus 12 · trapezoidal rule (advanced, 1 credit) Course Code: 008190 Differential Equations and Mathematical Modeling Prerequisite: · antiderivatives and slope Successful completion of Pre-Calculus fields (omit slope fields) Mathematics 12 · integration by substitution · integration by parts Students in Calculus 12 will explore · exponential growth and the following subject areas: decay · population growth Limits and Continuity · · rates of change and limits Application of Definite Integrals · continuity · integral as a net change · rates of change and · areas in the plane tangent lines · volumes Derivatives · lengths of curves · derivative of a function · applications from science and statistics · differentiability
10 Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005
L’Hôpital’s Rule Successful completion of · l’Hôpital’s rule Mathematics: Grade 9 and recommendation from the Course Codes and Mathematics: Grade 9 teacher Prerequisite Summary Mathematics Essentials 11 (graduation, 1 credit) Mathematics Essentials 10 Course Code: 008191 (graduation, 1 credit) Course Code: 008189 Prerequisite: Successful completion of Mathematics Prerequisite: Essentials 10 Successful completion of Mathematics: Grade 8 and Mathematics Foundations 11 recommendation from the (graduation, 1 credit) Mathematics: Grade 9 teacher Course Code: 008011 Mathematics Foundations 10 Prerequisite: (graduation, 1 credit) Successful completion of Mathematics Course Code: 008009 Foundations 10 or Mathematics 10 Prerequisite: Mathematics 11 Successful completion of (academic, 1 credit) Mathematics: Grade 9 Course Code: 008067 Mathematics Foundations 10 Plus Prerequisite: (graduation, 2 credits) Successful completion of Mathematics Course Code: 008158 10 Prerequisite: Note: In exceptional cases, those who Successful completion of have demonstrated very good to Mathematics: Grade 9 outstanding performance in relation to the curriculum outcomes prescribed Mathematics 10 for Mathematics Foundations 10, have (academic, 1 credit) demonstrated initiative and Course Code: 008008 willingness to complete required independent study to address some Prerequisite: Mathematics 10 outcomes, and are Successful completion of recommended by the school principal Mathematics: Grade 9 and and/or teacher, may enroll in demonstrated good to excellent Mathematics 11. performance in relation to the curriculum outcomes prescribed for Mathematics: Grade 9 Advanced Mathematics 11 (advanced, 1 credit) Mathematics 10 Plus(academic, 2 Course Code:008145 credits) Course Code: 008157 Prerequisite: Successful completion of Mathematics Prerequisite: 10 and demonstrated outstanding performance in relation to the
Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005 11
curriculum outcomes prescribed for demonstrated very good to Mathematics 10 outstanding performance in relation to the curriculum outcomes prescribed Mathematics Foundations 12 for Mathematics 11 and Mathematics (graduation, 1 credit) 12 Course Code:008013 Calculus 12 Prerequisite: (advanced, 1 credit) Successful completion of Mathematics Course Code: 008190 Foundations 10 or Mathematics 10 Recommended Prerequisite: Prerequisite: Successful completion of Mathematics Successful completion of Pre-Calculus Foundations 11 or Mathematics 11 Mathematics 12
Mathematics 12 Curriculum Documents
(academic, 1 credit) Course Code: 008073 Foundation for the Atlantic Canada Mathematics Curriculum (1996) Prerequisite: Atlantic Canada Mathematics Successful completion of Mathematics Curriculum 10 Grades Primary–3 (1998) Atlantic Canada Mathematics Recommended Prerequisite: Curriculum Successful completion of Mathematics Grades 4–6 (1999) 11 Atlantic Canada Mathematics Curriculum Advanced Mathematics 12 Grade 7 (1999) (advanced, 1 credit) Atlantic Canada Mathematics Course Code: 008015 Curriculum Grade 8 (1999) Prerequisite: Atlantic Canada Mathematics Successful completion of Mathematics Curriculum 10 and demonstrated performance in Grade 9 (2000) relation to the curriculum outcomes Atlantic Canada Mathematics 10 prescribed for Mathematics 10 (2004) Recommended Prerequisite: Atlantic Canada Mathematics Successful completion of Advanced Foundations 10 Mathematics 11 (Implementation Draft, 1999) Atlantic Canada Mathematics 11/Advanced Mathematics 11 Pre-Calculus Mathematics 12 (Implementation Draft, June 2000) (advanced, 1 credit) Atlantic Canada Mathematics Course Code: 008156 Foundations 11 (Implementation Draft, June 2000) Prerequisite: Atlantic Canada Mathematics Successful completion of Advanced 12/Advanced Mathematics 12 (2004) Mathematics 11 and Advanced Atlantic Canada Mathematics Mathematics 12 Foundations 12 (Implementation Draft, OR August 2001) Successful completion of Mathematics 11 and Mathematics 12 and have
12 Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005
Atlantic Canada Pre-Calculus Mathematics 12 (Implementation Draft, June 2002) Calculus 12 (Implementation Draft, December 2004) Mathematics: A Teaching Resource, Grade Primary (2005) Mathematics: A Teaching Resource, Grade One (2005) Mathematics: A Teaching Resource, Grade Two (2005) Mathematics: A Teaching Resource, Grade Three (2005) Mathematics: A Teaching Resource, Grade Four (2005) Mathematics: A Teaching Resource, Grade Five (2005) Mathematics: A Teaching Resource, Grade Six (2005) Mathematics: A Teaching Resource, Grade Seven (2005) Mathematics: A Teaching Resource, Grade Eight (2005) Mathematics: A Teaching Resource, Grade Nine (2005) Mathematics: A Teaching Resource, Mathematics 10 Plus (Draft, 2004) Mathematics: A Teaching Resource, Mathematics Foundations 10 Plus (Draft, 2004)
Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005 13
Mental Math: How to Develop a Mind for Numbers, Rapid Calculations and Creative Math Tricks (Including Special Speed Math for SAT, GMAT and GRE Students)